新沪教版英语主谓一致及倒装(基础讲解)
沪教版初中英语
精编试题及知识点汇总
学生姓名：班级：学号：
【真题再现】
1. Look, the set of keys on the teacher's desk. (2014 安顺)
A. are
B. were
C. is
D. was
2. —What are you going to do this weekend? (2014 咸宁)
— I together with my classmates going to climb Mount Qin.
A. is
B. am
C. are
D. were
3. —I’m not going swimming this afternoon.(2014 宜宾)
— __________. I have to help my mother do some cleaning.
A. So am I.
B. So I am.
C. Neither am I.
D. Neither I am.
4.－I have read the book Sense and Sensibility. －________. (2014 黑龙江龙东地区)
A. So have I
B. Neither have I
C. So I have
5. —What _______ the number of the students in your school? (2014 泰安)
—About two thousand. A number of them _______ from the countryside.
A. is; are
B. is; is
C. are; is
D. are; are
6. Andy, you’d better not eat meat only. You should know milk and fruit _______ good for you.(2014 淮安)
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were.
7. There __________ a photo of my family in my purse.(2014 龙岩)
A. is
B. be
C. are
8. The traffic is moving very slowly as so many cars __________ on their way back to Shanghai.(2014 上海)
A. am
B. is
C. are
D. be
9．— __________ there any living things on other planets? (2015 广东)
— I have no ideas．Maybe we can know more about that in the future．
A．Is B．Are C．Has D．Have
10. Doing eye exercises ________ one of the useful ways to protect our eyes.(2015 哈尔滨)
A．is B．are C．were
【答案与解析】
1. C。句意：看，这串钥匙在老师的桌子上。根据句意可知这句话的主语是the set of keys，强调的是一串钥匙，所以谓语动词用单数形式，所以选C。
2. B。本句意为：——这周你准备做什么？——我和我的同学去爬秦山。这里with my parents只是作为伴随成分，with sb.是作为伴随成分，不影响谓语动词的形式；主语为I，故答案选B。
3. C。句意：—今天下午我不打算去游泳。—我也不打算去，我不得不帮助妈妈做清洁。so +主语+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语：某某确实如此，与上文是同一人。so +主语+助动词/情态动词/系动词：某某人也如此，与上文不是同一人。上文是否定句，下文表示某某也
不，用neither +助动词+主语。这些句式在时态，人称上与前一个句子相同。根据上句是否定句，故选C。
4. A。本题意为：——我已经读完了《理智与情感》这本书。——我也是；So have I我也是；Neither have I我也没有；So I have我确实是，故答案选A。
5. A。本题意为：——你学校有多少人？——大约两千人。他们中的大多数来自农村。the number of意为“……的数量”，谓语动词用单数形式，故第一空选is；a number of 意为“许多，一些”，后面通常接可数名词复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式，所以第二空选are；答案为A。
6. B。本句意为：Andy，你最好不要只吃肉。你应该知道牛奶和水果对你有好处。两个或两个以上的人和物用连词and连接做主语时，谓语动词不用第三人称单数。本句为一般现在时，故答案选B。
7. A。本句句意为：在我钱包里有我家人的照片。本题考查there be句型，由空后的“a photo”可知本空应该为单数形式，故选A。
8. C。句意：车辆行驶非常缓慢，因为那么多汽车在回上海的路上。由空处前的cars可知谓语应用are，故答案为C项。
9. B。句意为：其他星球有没有生物呢?我不清楚。或许我们以后会对它了解更多。there be句型不能和have同时使用，故排除C、D两项。“living things”为复数，所以be动词应用复数，故选B。
10. A。句意：做眼保健操是保护眼睛的有效方法之一。动名词短语“Doing eye exercises”作主语，谓语动词使用单数形式，故选A。
【用法讲解】
考试要求：
从学英语开始就涉及主语和谓语的一致性，是英语学习及考查的基础，从单项选择到书面表达，都可能涉及到主谓一致的问题，是中考试卷必考题目。主谓一致就是句子的谓语动词形式在人称和数上必须和句子的主语保持一致，叫主谓一致。这种关系一般要遵循三个原则：语法上一致的原则；意义上一致的原则和就近一致的原则。
倒装句因为与汉语语言习惯的不同和较多的句型结构而成为初中英语的难点，虽然初中英语涉及到的倒装句型不算太多，在中考试卷中也总有一定的比例，尤其在阅读理解和完形填空中对上下文的理解会有很大的影响，因此也是中考复习的重点。
1. 语法一致原则
谓语和主语通常从语法形式上取得一致，主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也为复数形式。如：
The boy is clever enough to study maths well. 这个男孩够聪明，可以把数学学好。Everybody in my class tries to do well in English. 我们班每个人都努力学好英语。
（1）下列情况谓语动词只能用单数：
1）不可数名词或可数名词单数作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
如：Water is very important to the trees. 水对树来说非常重要。
2）动词不定式或者动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
如：To improve your English is the most important work.
提高你的英语是最重要的工作。
Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.
看电视太多对你的眼睛有害。
3）不定代词each，one，another，something，somebody，nothing，nobody，everyone，everything，anyone，anything等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
如：Somebody is waiting for you at the gate. 有人在大门口等你。
Nothing is too difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事只怕有心人。
4）如果句子的主语是单数，尽管后面有with，together with，as well as，like，but，except 等引起的短语，谓语动词仍然用单数形式。
如：My mother with her students often has a picnic in a park.
我的妈妈经常和她的学生在公园里野餐。
5）固定短语one of ＋名词的复数形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
如：One of the boys in our class goes to school by car.
我们班一个男孩坐小汽车上学。
6）固定短语the number of ＋复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
如：The number of students in our school is more than two thousand.
我们学校学生的数量超过二千。
（2）下面的情况谓语动词只能用复数：
1）and或both … and连接并列名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
如：He and his brother are both teachers. 他和他的哥哥都是老师。
2）both, all, few, several, many等修饰可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：All his friends have come. 他的朋友都来了。
Many girls are fond of dancing. 许多女孩子都喜欢跳舞。
3）表示总称意义的名词，如：people, cattle, police作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
如：The police are asking them questions. 警察正在询问他们一些问题。
Your clothes are very dirty. 你的衣服非常脏。
4）“the+形容词（或由分词演变而来的形容词）”作主语，表示“一类人”时谓语动词用复数。如：The rich are not always happy. 富人也不总是幸福的。
The wounded are still in hospital. 所有受伤的都在住院。
5）固定短语“a number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
A number of students come from Sichuan.许多学生来自四川。
6）主语是表示两个相同的部分构成的物体的名词，如：clothes, trousers, shoes, boots, glasses (眼镜), socks, gloves, compasses等作主语，谓语动词用复数，但这些名词被this/a pair of修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
如：Her shoes are green. 她的鞋子是绿色的。
This pair of shoes is very expensive. 这双鞋子非常昂贵。
（3）下列情况谓语动词可用单数也可用复数：
1）数词作主语且表“加减乘除”时，谓语动词通常用单数，但是也可用复数。如：
Nine and one is/ are ten. 九加一等于十。
Two times three is/ are six. 二乘以三等于六。
2）“none/neither of+代词/复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数，但在口语中也可用复数。如：
None of us knows/ know how to work out this problem.
我们中没有人知道如何解这个题。
Neither of you like/likes playing football. 你们两个都不喜欢踢足球。
3）一些集合名词，如family，class，group, team等作主语时，表示整体意义时，谓语动词用单数形式；当它们强调指个体成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：His family isn’t large. 他的家庭不大。（指家庭的整体）
His family were watching TV when I arrived.
当我到时，他的一家人正在看电视。(指具体的家庭成员）
2. 意义一致原则
（1）表示时间、距离、重量、长度和价值的名词，尽管是复数形式，作为一个整体来看待，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
如：Three weeks is already enough for you to finish the work.
三个星期对你们完成这个工作已经足够了。
（2）不定代词all, most, some 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所指代名词的数。如：Most of the apples were bad. 大部分苹果是烂的。
Most of the apple was eaten by a mouse. 这个苹果的大半被老鼠吃掉了。
（3）用and 连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，如：bread and butter(黄油抹面包)，knife and fork (刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
如：Whisky and soda is always his favorite drink. 威士忌酒加苏打水是他最喜欢的饮料。（4）不定数量的词组作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数。如：part of, a lot of, lots of, one of, a number of, plenty of 等。
如：A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科书已运到。
3. 就近一致原则：
（1）由连词either… or，neither…nor，not only… but also及or连接的并列主语，谓语动词通常与离它最近的主语保持一致。
如：Neither you nor your father is able to help me. 你和你爸爸都不能帮助我。
Either you or I go swimming with our father. 我或者你可以和爸爸一起去游泳。
（2）there be句型中，谓语动词be往往和后面的第一个主语取得一致。
如：There is a dictionary and some books on the desk.
桌上有一本词典和一些书。
4. 倒装句的概念:
英语句子通常有两种语序:一种主语在前,谓语在后,称为自然语序；另一种谓语的一部分或整个谓语在前,主语在后,称为倒装语序，如英语的疑问句形式。在初中阶段倒装句一般都作为特殊句型来处理。
5. 初中接触过的倒装句型：
（1）so + be/ 助动词/ 情态动词+主语
表示“……也是这样”，用于描述谓语所说情况也适用于另一个人或另一个事物，只能用在肯定句，注意上、下句所使用的动词的时态要一致。如：
You can ride a bike. So can I. 你会骑自行车，我也会。
He has been to Beijing. So have I. 他去过北京，我也去过。
Lin Ping was there last night. So was everyone else in my class.
林平昨晚在那里，我们班其他人昨晚也都在那里。
He saw the snake, and so did I. 他看见那条蛇了，我也看到了。
注意：
上句中前句谓语动词是行为动词，所以后句中要加助动词did。就像行为动词变疑问句一样，句子如果有be、助动词（如：have，will等）和情态动词（如：can，must等），就把这些词放在另一个主语前；如果没有，就要加do，does或did。
辨析：
so＋主语＋be/ 助动词/ 情态动词，此句型不是倒装句，只是单纯地重复前面一句的意思，
表示“的确如此、就是这样”。如：
—My little brother can swim in the sea. 我的小弟弟能在大海里游泳。
—So he can. 的确如此。
—He gets up very early. 他起得真早。
—So he does. 确实很早。
（2）neither/ nor + be/ 助动词/ 情态动词+主语
表示“……也不这样”。用法和句型so + be/ 助动词/ 情态动词+主语一样，只是意义上表示否定。如：
The first one isn’t good, and neither is the second.
第一个不好，第二个也不好。
They didn’t come last night. Nor did I. 他们昨天晚上没有来，我也没有来。
（3）以there, here, out , in , up , down, away 等副词开头的句子。
为了起到强调的作用，可构成倒装句，只把副词放在句首，主语和谓语位置调换，不加助动词。这时的主语必须是名词，主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不变。
如：Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。
Here it comes. 它来了。
In came our teacher. 我们老师进来了。
Out rushed the boys. 男孩子们冲了出去。
（4）表地点状语的介词短语放在句首，要用倒装句式，以示强调。
这种倒装句也是主谓直接调换位置，不加助动词did, does或do。如：
Under a big tree sat a fat man, half asleep. 树下坐着一个胖男人，似乎睡着了。
（5）there放在句首时，要用倒装句式。
在“there + be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示“存在”的其他不及物动词。如：live, stand, come, lie等动词代替be。如：
There came shouts for help from the river. 从河里传来了呼救声。
There lies a large wheat field in front of the house. 房子前面是一大片麦田。
高中英语语法倒装句讲解及练习(附答案)
高中英语倒装句 倒装句分为全部倒装和部分倒装 1全部倒装全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：1）here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词。例如：Then came the chairman. 那时总裁来了。Here is your letter. 你的信。 2). up，down，out，away，in , off, ahead放于句首Up jumped the cat and caught the mouse. Ahead sat an old woman. 3）表示地点，时间，方向等的介词短语放在句首时例如：After the head walked a group of workers. 4.“作表语的现在分词/过去分词/形容词+系动词+主语”形式的完全倒装 Seated in the front were the guests. 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如： Here he comes. 他来了。Away they went. 他们走开了。 2部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 1. 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, rarely, scarely, in no way, under no circumstance, at no time决不, not until…等。例如： Never have I seen such a performance. 从未见过如此糟糕的表演。 Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。 Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。 当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。例如： The mother didn\'t leave the room until the child fell asleep. 典型例题 1）---Why can\'t I smoke here? ----At no time___ in the meeting-room A. is smoking permitted B.smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted D.does smoking permit 2）Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is. A. man did know B. man know C. didn\'t man know D. did man know 2.Not only…but also前面倒装，后面不倒装 Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他没有收下礼物，还狠狠批评了送礼的人。 3．Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner…than等，要倒装。 Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 典型例题No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily. A. the game began B.has the game begun C. did the game begin D.had the game begun 4so, neither, nor作部分倒装 so/neither/nor+be/can(should/will/could…..)/do(did/does)+sb表示\"也\"、\"也不\" 的句子要部分倒装。例如： 典型例题---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? ---I don\'t know, _____. A. nor don\'t I care B. nor do I care C. I don\'t care neither D. I don\'t care also 注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为\"的确如此\"。例如： Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. ---It\'s raining hard.---So it is. 5 only在句首后接状语用总分倒装。例如： Only in this way can you learn English well. 只有这样，你才能学好英语。 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。例如： Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得狠重时，他才卧床休息。 注意：如果only后的词组不是状语，不需倒装。
英语主谓一致练习全集
英语主谓一致练习全集 一、主谓一致 1．On no-car day, ____________ students ____________ teachers are allowed to drive to school. A．either; or B．not only; but also C．neither; nor D．both; and 【答案】C 【解析】 句意：在无车日，学生和老师都不被允许开车去学校。either; or 或者，或者； not only; but also不仅，而且； neither; nor 既不，也不；both; and……和……都；根据On no-car day可知此处表示无车日，因此都不开车，故选C。 2．Smog and haze is a kind of air pollution. It _______ people _____ about their health. A．make, worry B．make, be worried C．makes, worried D．makes, worry 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 句意：雾霾是一种空气污染。它使人们担心他们的健康。考查主谓一致和动词短语辨析。it是单数第三人称，动词需用三单形式，可排除AB两项。make让，使役动词，make sb. do sth.让某人做某事，是固定结构，可排除C项。根据句意结构，可知选D。 3．The boys ____________ from America like China A．who is B．are C．which is D．who are 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 句意：这些来自美国的男孩喜欢中国。考查定语从句。本句是主谓宾结构，可排除B项。空白处做主语the boys的后置定语，先行词the boys是人，不可用which（用于先行词是 物时），需用who引导；the boys是复数人称，系词需用are；根据句意结构，可知选D。 4．Either Eve or Herb ___________ been invited by Lucy’s parents already. A．have B．has C．was D．Were 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：伊芙或赫伯已经被路西的父母邀请了。 Either ... or...或者……或者，连接两个主语时，用就近原则，already是现在完成时的标志词，结合句意，故选B
高考英语倒装句终结篇
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倒装句翻译 1.只有用这种方法你才能提高英语口语水平。（Only） Only in this way can you improve your spoken/oral English . 2.直到大约三周前他才知道了实验失败的原因。（Not until…） Not until three weeks ago did he know the reason for the failure of the experiment . 3.我一到办公室电话铃就响了。（Hardly…） Hardly had I arrived at the office when the telephone rang. 4.直到Tom来了以后我的生日聚会才开始。(Only) Only after Tom came did my birthday party begin. 5.总经理很少在雨天开车上班。(Seldom) Seldom does the general manager drive to work on rainy days. 6.我在任何地方都没见过这种水果。(Nowhere else) Nowhere else have I seen this kind of fruit. 7.我们的祖国从来没有像今天这样强大.(Never) Never before has our country been so powerful as it is today. 8.这部有关第一次世界大战的历史小说引人入胜，我简直爱不释手。(So…) So attractive is the historical novel about World War I that I can’t stand putting it down. 9.直到被送入手术间时，他才明白遵守交通规则的重要性。(N ot until…) Not until he was sent into the operating room did he realize the importance of following the traffic rules. 10.虽然雨下得很大，但是他仍坚守在岗位上。(…as…) Heavily as it was raining, he still stuck to his post. 11.这小孩太调皮了，使得他那忙于工作的父母常常心烦意乱。(So…) So naughty is the child that he often upsets his parents who are busy with their work. 12.经历了多次严重的自然灾害之后，人们才逐渐认识到植树造林的重要性。 （1）(Not until…) /（2）（until） (1)Not until they (had) experienced a number of serious natural disasters did people come to realize the importance of planting trees. (2)People didn’t come to realize the importance of planting trees until they (had) experienced a number of serious natural disasters. 13.自从出国留学后，她就不再和我们保持联系了。(No longer) No longer has she kept in touch with us since she went abroad for further education. 14.他和他的同学都不喜欢放学后补课。(Neither…nor…) (注意：本句与前面的区别) Neither he nor his classmates like taking extra classes after school.
最全英语倒装句语法
倒装句 概念：用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要，分为完全倒装和部分倒装。 一.完全倒装：句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。 1.以here, there, now, then等副词或out, in, up, down, away等表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首以示强调，句子要全部倒装，谓语动词常用come,go, be, lie,run,rush等。 2.表示地点的介词短语位于句首时 A beautiful lake lies at the foot of the hill At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake. 注意：在上述句子中，如果主语为人称代词，则主、谓不需要倒装。 In he came and back he went again. Away he went . 二.部分倒装：be/助动词/情态动词提前到主语的前面。 Is am are was were（be动词）do does did（助动词）can could would may will might（情态动词）等1.only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时, 要进行部分倒装. Only then did I realize the importance of learning English. Only after he came back was I able to see him. 注：only修饰主语，仍用自然语序，如：Only socialism can save China. I seldom go to the cinema. 倒装：Seldom do I go to the cinema. 我很少去看电影． I have never seen such a performance. 倒装：Never have I seen such a performance. 我从来没有看过这样的表演． 2.否定副词及介词短语的否定词位于句首时。 高考常考的这类词或词语有：never , not, seldom, hardly, little, nowhere, by no means, in no time等。 3.not until 引导的从句位于句首引起的主句部分倒装 He didn’t finish his homework until his mother came back. 倒装：Not until his mother came back did he finish his homework. 直到他的妈妈回来，他才完成作业。 The mother didn’t leave the room until the child fell asleep. 倒装：Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 等到孩子睡着了，妈妈才离开房间． 注意：当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。 4、as/ though (虽然，尽管）引导的让步状语从句 名词\形容词\副词\分词+as\though+主语+其他 Although I am ugly, I am gentle. 倒装：Ugly as I am, I am gentle. Though he is a child, he has to make a living. 倒装：Child as he is, he has to make a living. 注意：从句的表语是名词，其名词前不加任何冠词