英语主谓一致讲解
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主谓一致
什么是主谓一致？
主谓一致：英语句子中，主语的“人称”和 “数”要限制、决定谓语动词的形式变化， 这就叫“主谓一致”关系。 它通常依据三项原则： 1）语法一致 (必考) 2）意义一致； 3）就近一致。（必考）
语法一致原则的重点：
不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从 句等作主语，用单数谓语形式。 To serve the country is our duty . How and why he left was a sad story .
47. Getting to other planets or to the moon _____ many problems. a. involve b. involves c. involving d. to involve
以“and ”或“both… and”连接的 并列主语
1.通常作复数用 。 Plastics and rubber never rot . 塑料和橡 胶从不腐烂。 Both Tom and I are fond of medicine . 我和汤姆都喜欢医学。
2. 如果并列主语指的是“同一个”人（事、 物、抽象概念），作单数用。 The worker and writer has come . 这位 工人作家来了。 A cart and horse was seen in the distance . 远处能看见有一套马车。 Truth and honesty is the best policy . 真 诚是最好的策略。
28. Whisky and soda ______ his favorite drink. a. is b. are c. were d. have been 29. ______ is to attend our evening. a. both the singer and the dancer b. Either the singer or dancers c. The singer or dancers d. The singer and dancer
41. Early to bed and early to rise ______ a man healthy, happy and wise. a. making b. to make c. make d. makes
3. “and”前、后的单数词语都有“each, every ,many a ,no”等修饰时，仍作单数用。 Every boy and every girl enjoys equal rights here.这里每个男孩和每个女孩都享有平等权益。 No teacher and no student is excused from taking part in the activity .没有哪个教师或学 生可以免于参加这项活动。
2. Each man and woman ______ the same rights. a. has b. have c. had d. is having 44. Every man, woman and child ______ some history, enough at least, to survive in the world. a. knows b. know c. is known d. are known
主语前、后加表“数、量”等的 修饰语时
many a + 单名 接单数谓语： Many a fine man has died for it . 许多优秀 战士为此献出了生命。 16. Many a student ______ the importance of learning a foreign language. a. have realized b. has realized c. have been realized d. has been realized
a good (great ) many + 复名 接复数谓 语。 A great many parents were present at the meeting . 许多家长出席了会议。
more than one + 单名 大多接单数谓语。 More than one person was (were )absent . 不止一个人缺席。 15. More than one worker ______ dismissed. a. have been b. are c. has been d. has
more + 复名+ than one 接复数谓语。 More students than one have been there . 不止一个学生去过那儿。 more than two (three,…)+复名 接复数 谓语。 More than one hundred students have attended the concert . 不止一百名学生 听了这场音乐会。
主语前加表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind (sort / type / form /pair /cup /glass /piece / load / block / box / handful / quantity / ton / meter /… )of”等时，表 示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定 谓语形式。
There is only a small quantity of paper (books ) left . 只剩下少量的纸（书）了。 Large quantities of water are needed . 需要大量的水。 This kind of apple is sweet . 这种苹果甜。 This kind of apples is (are) sweet . （大多依 kind ， 作单数用 ） These kinds of apple(s) are sweet . （总作复数用） Apples of this kind are sweet . （总作复数用）
主语后接“with…”等构成的短语修饰成分 时：谓语仍须与这类短语前的主语一致。 可构成这类短语的常用“with ,along with ,together with ,as well as , but , besides , except ,added to , including , like ,no less than , rather than , more than ”等。
A woman with two children has come . 一位 妇女带着两个孩子来了。 I as well as they am ready to help you . 不仅 他们，我也愿帮助你。 55. Air pollution, together with overpopulation, _______many problems in big cities today. (06) A. are causing B. is causing C. are caused D. is caused
31. No one except two students ______ the meeting. a. has been late for b. have been late for c. was late for d. were later for 32. All but him and me ______ to the exhibition. a. am going b. is going c. are going d. was going
33. Interest, as well as prospects, ______ important when one looks for a job. a. are b. were c. is d. was
定语从句中的主谓一致问题
one of + 复数名词+ 定语从句： 1. 定语从句的先行词通常是这个“复数名词”， 因此从句的谓语用复数形式。 This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year . 这是今年出版的最佳小说 之一。（关系词“that”代“novels”） He was one of the boys who were praised . 他是受表扬的男孩之一。
2. 若“one”前加“this, the ,the only ”等时， 定语从句的关系词指代one，作从句主语 时，接单数谓语。 He was the only one of the boys who was praised .他是男孩中唯一受到表扬 的。(关系词who 代 the only one )
21. Mary is one of the brightest students who ___from New York University.(07) A. graduated B. have graduated C. had graduated D. has graduated
25. Mary is one of the girls who ______ always on time. a. is b. am c. are d. was 26. Tom is the only one of the stall members who ______ to be promoted. a. is going b. are going c. has been going d. have been going
意义一致原则
有些名词指“整体”时作单数，指其中的“成员”时作复数。 这些名词包括： Army; audience Class; club; company; committee; couple crew; crowd family government; group party public population staff team union
Our family is a happy one . 我们有个幸 福的家庭。 The family are early risers . 这家人都起 得早。 The public are (is )requested not to litter . 请公众不要乱扔废弃物。
30. The Smiths ______ their breakfast when the morning post came. a. had b. has been having c. are having d. were having
19. The committee ______ over the problem among themselves for two hours. a. has argued b. has been arguing c. have argued d. have been arguing
20. The public ______ generous in their contributions to the earthquake victims. a. is b. was c. are d. has been
有些名词以s结尾，看似名词复 数， 实际上是一个单数名词：
News; works 某些疾病：diabetes; mumps; rickets; measles; rabies; shingles 某些游戏：billiards; bowls; darts; 表示学科的词：acoustics; athletics; economics; electronics; genetics; linguistics; logistics; mathematics; physics; politics; statistics; thermodynamics
什么是主谓一致？
主谓一致：英语句子中，主语的“人称”和 “数”要限制、决定谓语动词的形式变化， 这就叫“主谓一致”关系。 它通常依据三项原则： 1）语法一致 (必考) 2）意义一致； 3）就近一致。（必考）
语法一致原则的重点：
不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从 句等作主语，用单数谓语形式。 To serve the country is our duty . How and why he left was a sad story .
47. Getting to other planets or to the moon _____ many problems. a. involve b. involves c. involving d. to involve
以“and ”或“both… and”连接的 并列主语
1.通常作复数用 。 Plastics and rubber never rot . 塑料和橡 胶从不腐烂。 Both Tom and I are fond of medicine . 我和汤姆都喜欢医学。
2. 如果并列主语指的是“同一个”人（事、 物、抽象概念），作单数用。 The worker and writer has come . 这位 工人作家来了。 A cart and horse was seen in the distance . 远处能看见有一套马车。 Truth and honesty is the best policy . 真 诚是最好的策略。
28. Whisky and soda ______ his favorite drink. a. is b. are c. were d. have been 29. ______ is to attend our evening. a. both the singer and the dancer b. Either the singer or dancers c. The singer or dancers d. The singer and dancer
41. Early to bed and early to rise ______ a man healthy, happy and wise. a. making b. to make c. make d. makes
3. “and”前、后的单数词语都有“each, every ,many a ,no”等修饰时，仍作单数用。 Every boy and every girl enjoys equal rights here.这里每个男孩和每个女孩都享有平等权益。 No teacher and no student is excused from taking part in the activity .没有哪个教师或学 生可以免于参加这项活动。
2. Each man and woman ______ the same rights. a. has b. have c. had d. is having 44. Every man, woman and child ______ some history, enough at least, to survive in the world. a. knows b. know c. is known d. are known
主语前、后加表“数、量”等的 修饰语时
many a + 单名 接单数谓语： Many a fine man has died for it . 许多优秀 战士为此献出了生命。 16. Many a student ______ the importance of learning a foreign language. a. have realized b. has realized c. have been realized d. has been realized
a good (great ) many + 复名 接复数谓 语。 A great many parents were present at the meeting . 许多家长出席了会议。
more than one + 单名 大多接单数谓语。 More than one person was (were )absent . 不止一个人缺席。 15. More than one worker ______ dismissed. a. have been b. are c. has been d. has
more + 复名+ than one 接复数谓语。 More students than one have been there . 不止一个学生去过那儿。 more than two (three,…)+复名 接复数 谓语。 More than one hundred students have attended the concert . 不止一百名学生 听了这场音乐会。
主语前加表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind (sort / type / form /pair /cup /glass /piece / load / block / box / handful / quantity / ton / meter /… )of”等时，表 示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定 谓语形式。
There is only a small quantity of paper (books ) left . 只剩下少量的纸（书）了。 Large quantities of water are needed . 需要大量的水。 This kind of apple is sweet . 这种苹果甜。 This kind of apples is (are) sweet . （大多依 kind ， 作单数用 ） These kinds of apple(s) are sweet . （总作复数用） Apples of this kind are sweet . （总作复数用）
主语后接“with…”等构成的短语修饰成分 时：谓语仍须与这类短语前的主语一致。 可构成这类短语的常用“with ,along with ,together with ,as well as , but , besides , except ,added to , including , like ,no less than , rather than , more than ”等。
A woman with two children has come . 一位 妇女带着两个孩子来了。 I as well as they am ready to help you . 不仅 他们，我也愿帮助你。 55. Air pollution, together with overpopulation, _______many problems in big cities today. (06) A. are causing B. is causing C. are caused D. is caused
31. No one except two students ______ the meeting. a. has been late for b. have been late for c. was late for d. were later for 32. All but him and me ______ to the exhibition. a. am going b. is going c. are going d. was going
33. Interest, as well as prospects, ______ important when one looks for a job. a. are b. were c. is d. was
定语从句中的主谓一致问题
one of + 复数名词+ 定语从句： 1. 定语从句的先行词通常是这个“复数名词”， 因此从句的谓语用复数形式。 This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year . 这是今年出版的最佳小说 之一。（关系词“that”代“novels”） He was one of the boys who were praised . 他是受表扬的男孩之一。
2. 若“one”前加“this, the ,the only ”等时， 定语从句的关系词指代one，作从句主语 时，接单数谓语。 He was the only one of the boys who was praised .他是男孩中唯一受到表扬 的。(关系词who 代 the only one )
21. Mary is one of the brightest students who ___from New York University.(07) A. graduated B. have graduated C. had graduated D. has graduated
25. Mary is one of the girls who ______ always on time. a. is b. am c. are d. was 26. Tom is the only one of the stall members who ______ to be promoted. a. is going b. are going c. has been going d. have been going
意义一致原则
有些名词指“整体”时作单数，指其中的“成员”时作复数。 这些名词包括： Army; audience Class; club; company; committee; couple crew; crowd family government; group party public population staff team union
Our family is a happy one . 我们有个幸 福的家庭。 The family are early risers . 这家人都起 得早。 The public are (is )requested not to litter . 请公众不要乱扔废弃物。
30. The Smiths ______ their breakfast when the morning post came. a. had b. has been having c. are having d. were having
19. The committee ______ over the problem among themselves for two hours. a. has argued b. has been arguing c. have argued d. have been arguing
20. The public ______ generous in their contributions to the earthquake victims. a. is b. was c. are d. has been
有些名词以s结尾，看似名词复 数， 实际上是一个单数名词：
News; works 某些疾病：diabetes; mumps; rickets; measles; rabies; shingles 某些游戏：billiards; bowls; darts; 表示学科的词：acoustics; athletics; economics; electronics; genetics; linguistics; logistics; mathematics; physics; politics; statistics; thermodynamics