中国民俗文化英语词汇荟萃解读

中国民俗文化英语词汇荟萃
1．常见传统节日及其活动
春节Spring Festival
拜年pay a New Year visit
鞭炮，爆竹firecracker
除夕Eve of Chinese New Year
春联Spring couplets
辞旧迎新ring out the old year and ring in the new
饺子Jiaozi, boiled dumpling
锅贴pot sticker
庙会temple fair
鸣钟辞旧岁ring out the old year
年画(traditional) New Year pictures
年夜饭the Eve Feast; family reunion dinner on Lunar New Year’s Eve
年终大扫除year-end household cleaning
守岁stay up late on the New Year’s Eve
团圆饭family reunion dinner
压岁钱New Year gift-money; money given to children as a New Year gift
舞龙dragon dance
元宵节Lantern Festival (15th day of the first lunar month)
元宵sweet sticky rice dumplings
花灯festival lantern
灯谜lantern riddle
狮子舞lion dance
踩高跷stilt walking
清明节Pure Brightness Festival/Tomb-sweeping Day (April the 5th)
扫墓sweep tomb sites of loved ones
祭祖offer sacrifices to the ancestors
踏青go for an outing in spring
端午节dragon Boat Festival (5th of the fifth lunar month)
赛龙舟dragon boat race
粽子zongzi (pyramid-shaped dumpling made by glutinous rice wrapped in reed or bamboo leaves)
亡灵Departed soul
忠臣loyal minister
诗人屈原Quyuan the poet
中秋节Moon Festival/Mid- Autumn Day (15th of eighth lhunar month) 月饼mooncake
赏月appreciate the glorious full moon
团圆reunion
桂花sweet osmanthus
重阳节Double Ninth Day/the Aged Day
赏菊admire the beauty of chrysanthemum
登高climb mountain
中药TCM (traditional Chinese medicine)
秦始皇帝First Emperor, Emperor Chin
2.传统节日词汇
春节Spring Festival
元宵节Lantern Festival
端午节Dragon Boat Festival
儿童节Children’s Day
妇女节Women’s Day
泼水节Water-Splashing Day
五四青年节Youth Day
国庆节National Day
中秋节Mia-Autumn Festival
荔枝节the Litchi Festival
西瓜节the Water Melon Festival
风筝节the Kate Festival
教师节the Teachers’ Day
建军节the Army Day
七夕节Chinese Valentine’s Day
重阳节Double Ninth Day/the Aged Day
3.民俗词汇
赋诗inscribe a poem
对对联matching an antithetical couplet
轿子sedans
风车pinwheel
杂技acrobatics
魔术magic
拨浪鼓shaking drum
竹苗bamboo flute
皮影shadow puppet
糖人sugar-molded
四合院courtyard homes
踩高跷stilt walk
武术martial arts
人力车rickshaw
宫灯palace lantern
猜拳finger-guessing game
说书monologue story-telling
老字号time-honored
相声cross talk
拜年pay a new year call
爆竹firecracker
鞭炮 a string of small fire crackers
大扫除year-end household
灯谜lantern riddles
庙会temple fair
年画new year’ s picture
挂年画to hang o ut new year’s picture
年夜饭family reunion dinner on lunar new year
守岁to stay awake all night
年糕glutinous cake for new year
大年初一the first day of the first lunar month
八宝饭eight-treasure rice pudding
对联poetic couplets
贴春联to put up antithetical couplets
糊窗花to put up window paper-cuts
压岁钱money given to children as a lunar new year gift
4. 中国古代四大发明
火药gunpowder
指南针compass
造纸术paper-making techniques
印刷术paper-printing techniques
5. 京剧相关词汇
地方戏：local opera
戏剧脸谱theatrical mask
生male characters
旦female characters
净painted face characters
末middle-aged male characters
丑clown
6. 中国特有的事务
民间传说folklores
寓言fable
传说legend
神话mythology
玉皇大帝God of Heaven
八仙the Eight Immortals
嫦娥Chang’e, the Chinese moon goddess
伏羲F u Xi, God of Fishery and Husbandry
福禄寿三星god of fortune, god of prosperity, and god of longevity 财神god of fortune
灶神god of the kitchen
公神Gonggong, God of Water
后羿Houyi (a legendary hero who shot down nine suns)
黄帝Yellow Emperor
夸父Kuafu (a fabled sun-chasing giant )
女娲Nuwa: a goddess who patches up the sky
盘古Pan Gu, creator of the universe
神农Patron of Agriculture
禹Yu, the reputed founder of the Xia Dynasty
祝融Zhurong, God of Fire
阳历solar calendar
公历Gregorian calendar
阴历lunar calendar
天干heavenly stem
地支earthly branch
闰年leap year
二十四节气the twenty-four solar terms
十二生肖zodiac
鼠rat
牛ox
虎tiger
兔hare
龙dragon
蛇snake
马horse
羊sheep
猴monkey
鸡rooster
狗dog
猪pig
猴年year of monkey
本命年one’s year of birth considered in relation to the 12 Terrestrial Branches 武术martial arts
气功Qigong
打擂台to fight a challenge fight in an arena
听评书to listen to historical or traditional stories
下象棋to play Chinese chess
练习书法to make special studies of calligraphy
画国画to do traditional Chinese painting
题诗to inscribe a poem
求对to match an antithetical couplet
7.画类
壁画mural
国画Chinese traditional painting
水墨画ink and wash painting
绢画silk painting
木刻画wood engraving
版画engraving
贝雕画shell carving painting
年画new year picture
8.陶器类
陶器pottery ware
玉器jade article
瓷器china ware
青瓷celadon
青铜器bronze ware
景泰蓝cloisonné enamel
漆器lacquer ware
彩陶painted pottery
唐三彩trio-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty
9.雕刻类
冰雕ice carving
玉雕jade carving
石雕stone carving
骨雕bones carving
贝雕shell carving
木雕wood carving
根雕tree root carving
瓷器雕porcelain carving
象牙雕ivory carving
10.塑像类
彩塑painted sculpture
画塑dough figurine
泥人儿clay figure
11.扇类
绢扇silk fan
檀香扇sandal wood fan
折扇folding fan
12.宝石类
珍珠pearl
玛瑙agate
珊瑚coral
翡翠green jade
琥珀
玉jade
13.工艺类
刺绣embroidery
双面秀two-sided embroidery
挂毯tapestry
蜡染batik
藤条制品wickerwork
真丝pure silk
烟嘴cigarette holder
鼻烟壶snuff bottle
图章seal
盆景potted landscape
屏风screen
14.其他
解放the Liberation in 1949
建国the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949
改革开放to carry out reforms and adopt open policies
基层at grass-root level
干部cadre
文革the Cultural Revolution
上山下乡to settle down in the mountainous areas and in the countryside
国民党the Kuomintang
四世同堂的大家庭an extended family with four generations living under the same roof
独生子女家庭family with only one child
大龄未婚青年elder unmarried youth
离退休人员retired people
贫困地区poverty-stricken area
贫困户poverty-stricken family
承包to adopt the responsibility system
致富to become well-off
铁饭碗iron rice bowl/a secure job
吃大锅饭to eat from the same large caldron。