管理学(英文版全套课件)

Some Definitions
• Productivity is the output–input ratio within a time period with due consideration for quality. • Effectiveness is the achievement of objectives. • Efficiency is the achievement of the ends with the least amount of resources (time, money, etc.).
MANAGEMENT: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
Weihrich and Koontz
Introduction
What is management (P.4)
• Management is the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals, working together in groups, efficiently accomplish selected aims.
• Result:
– productivity improved when illumination was either increased or decreased.
Hawthorne Effect
• The phenomenon, arising basically from people being noticed.
Mintzberg: the Managerial wk.baidu.comoles
• Interpersonal roles
Figurehead 挂名首脑 Leader 领导者 Liaison 联络者
• Decision roles
– – – – Entrepreneur 企业家 Disturbance handler 危机处理者 Resource allocator 资源配置者 Negotiator 谈判者
• to determine the effect of illumination and other working conditions on workers and their productivity
Illumination Experiment
• Two groups:
– Experimental group: the lighting conditions were manipulated or changed – Controlling group: the lighting was never changed
• Replacing rules of thumb with science. • Obtaining harmony, rather than discord, in group action. • Achieving cooperation of human beings, rather than chaotic individualism. • Working for maximum output, rather than restricted output. • Developing all workers to the fullest extent possible for their own and their company’s highest prosperity.
• Technical - knowledge of and proficiency in a certain specialized field • Human - ability to work well with other people both individually and in a group • Conceptual - ability to think and to conceptualize about abstract and complex situations
Managing: Science or Art? (P.10)
• Managing as practice is an art; the organized knowledge underlying the practice may be referred to as a science.
What Do Managers Do?
4 of the 14 Principles by Fayol
• • • • Authority and responsibility Unity of command Scalar chain Esprit de corps
Hawthorne Studies
• Background
– Location: Hawthorne plant – Objective
• Fayol: • Katz: • Mintzberg:
Fayol: Managerial Function
• Managers carry out the managerial functions of planning, organizing, leading, controlling.
Katz: Managerial Skills
Chapter 2. Management and Society: The External Environment, Social Responsibility, and Ethics
• Informational roles
Recipient 接收者 Disseminator 传播者 Spokesperson 发言人
Chapter 1
Management: Science, Theory, and Practice
Scientific Management (P.12)