美国A123 nanophosphate 纳米磷酸铁锂电池_Space_Appl_DCarmen

88
0
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Weight loss = oxygen evolution
Temperature,˚C
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About A123Systems
• A123Systems is an energy company founded at MIT in 2001.
– Headquarters: – Materials Research: – Pack and Systems: – Hymotion: Watertown, MA Ann Arbor, MI Hopkinton, MA Toronto, Ontario
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Typical Li-ion
FB05110250055, +1C/-1C FB05110250120, +1C/-1C FB05110190037, +0.5C/-0.5C FB05110190090, +0.5C/-0.5C
Figure 6: Heating rate profile comparison including additional common cathode compositions in 18650 cells. Difference between technologies: Chemical potential energy released through oxidation/combustion that creates energetic events.
Safety
Independent test results from Sandia
Explosive Runaway/Flame
Data from Sandia Report: “Thermal ramp Abuse Test Evaluation of Baseline A123 Cells” E. Peter Roth, 9/07/07
NASA Battery Workshop 2007 Copyright © 2007 A123 Systems, Inc. All rights reserved
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LiFePO4 Thermal Stability
• The TGA test of LiFePO4 in contrast with NCA, or NMC, indicates the LFP less likely to release oxygen
NASA Battery Workshop 2007 Copyright © 2007 A123 Systems, Inc. All rights reserved
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Safety
Conventional Lithium Ion
• Energetic thermal runaway above 150 °C • Significant oxygen evolution • Excess lithium can plate during overcharge • Failure mode on overcharge: self-accelerating heat generation, potential explosion
Development of Battery Packs for Space Applications
NASA Aerospace Battery Workshop November 27 – 29, 2007
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(Li0.99Nb0.01)FePO 4
Fe
200 nm
200 nm
P
Nb
200 nm
200 nm
Nature Materials, 2002
百度文库
Li <0.1 micron
+
e
-
ee
-
Li+
Li+
Nano particle size = extremely fast diffusion
Dopant significantly increases rate capability
– Reduced potential for electrolyte oxidation during thermal abuse (Source: K. Amine, ANL, ATD Review April 2006)
102 100
Li0.1FePO4
98
Weight, %
96
Li0.55(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2
A123Systems
• Significantly higher onset temperature and/or less heat evolution” • Little or no oxygen evolution • No excess lithium in cathode Overcharging will not plate Li (at proper current, temperature) • Failure mode on overcharge: venting due to gas pressure
NASA Battery Workshop 2007 Copyright © 2007 A123 Systems, Inc. All rights reserved
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Low-rate 100% DOD Cycling of 26650M1
26650 M1 0.5C-0.5C or 1C-1C, 100% DOD cycling Discharge Capacity (% of initial) 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 0 2000 4000 Cycle
~5 microns
NASA Battery Workshop 2007 Copyright © 2007 A123 Systems, Inc. All rights reserved
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Cell Products
APR18650 Cathode Anode Electrolyte Capacity Energy Nominal Voltage Cell Dimensions ANR26650 AHR32113 AHR32157 Nanophosphate™ Graphite Carbonate-based, Li salt 1.1 Ah 2.3 Ah 3.6 Ah 8-10 Ah 3.6 Wh 7.6 Wh 12 Wh 25-32 Wh 3.3 V 18 mm Ф x 65 mm 26 mm Ф x 65 mm 32 mm Ф x 113 mm 32 mm Ф x 157 mm high high high high
A123’s doped Nanophosphate™ chemistry is more abuse tolerant.
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Abuse Testing: U.S. Army, Ft. Eustis
Rifle Abuse Test (47 rounds) on Fully Charged A123 Pack; 26V
Before
After No fire, no explosion
Storage at 100% SOC
NASA Battery Workshop 2007 Copyright © 2007 A123 Systems, Inc. All rights reserved
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Storage at 50% SOC
NASA Battery Workshop 2007 Copyright © 2007 A123 Systems, Inc. All rights reserved
94
Phosphates in general have much better abuse tolerance than metal oxide cathodes. A123’s Nanophosphate is no exception.
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90
Li0.45(Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05)O2
power. safety. life.™
Core Technology Behind A123’s High Power Chemistry
• A123 doped Nanophosphate™
Better battery enabled by new nano-materials (Nature Materials, 2002)
2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 0 1000 2000 3000
65° C Cell
4000
5000
Cycle Number
NASA Battery Workshop 2007 Copyright © 2007 A123 Systems, Inc. All rights reserved
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• We have developed a new generation of lithium ion batteries offering a quantum improvement in power, safety and life. This game changing technology is enabling a new age of cordless and transportation products. • Core capabilities demonstrated:
• The company has strong financial backing from investors. Since our inception, we have raised >$130M from companies like:
NASA Battery Workshop 2007 Copyright © 2007 A123 Systems, Inc. All rights reserved
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Excellent High-Temperature Cycling
10A-10A Cycling of M1 26650 Cells at 65 and 100 C
2.5
100° C Cell
Discharge Capacity, Ah
power. safety. life.™
Cell Level Shock Testing Results
M1 cells have undergone Shock Testing: • Each cell received 3 Launch Vehicle spectrum shocks on x, y, z axes. • No voltage fluctuations or shorts recorded during tests. • Minimal changes in capacity and impedance.
Cell and pack design can help delay onset of event, but do not change fundamental chemistry of system. Abuse tolerance is particularly important for large packs because one cell failure can cause its neighbors to fail.