托福写作TPO10综合写作详细解析复习课程
托福写作T P O10综合写作详细解析
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托福写作TPO10综合写作详细解析
阿拉斯加州的海獭数量在减少?是环境污染?还是天敌捕食?
阅读材料：
The sea otter is a small mammal that lives in waters along the western coast of North America from California to Alaska. When some sea otter populations off the Alaskan coast started rapidly declining a few years ago, it caused much concern because sea otters play an important ecological role in the coastal ecosystem. Experts started investigating the cause of the decline and quickly realized that there were two possible explanations: environmental pollution or attacks by predators. Initially, the pollution hypothesis seemed the more likely of the two.
海獭是一种生活在北美西海岸从加州到阿拉斯加沿线的小型海洋哺乳动物。几年前，阿拉斯加海岸的海獭数量急剧减少。由于海獭对于维持海岸沿线生态平衡有非常重要的作用，所以其数量下降引起了广泛的关注。专家开始研究海獭数量下降的原因，并且很快发现了两个可能的原因，分别是环境污染和天敌捕食。最初，环境污染说看起来更为可信。
The first reason why pollution seemed the more likely cause was that there were known sources of it along the Alaskan coast, such as oil rings and other sources of industrial chemical pollution. Water samples from the area revealed increased levels of chemicals that could decrease the ot ters’ resistance to life-threatening infections and thus could indirectly cause their deaths.
为什么污染说更为可信呢?这是因为阿拉斯加海岸确实有污染源，比如石油带或者其他的工业污染物。该地的水样显示水中化学物的含量增加，其数量可以导致海獭对于对于一些致命感染丧失抵抗力，进而间接导致数量下降。
Second, other sea mammals such as seals and sea lions along the Alaskan coast were also declining; indicating that whatever had endangered the otters was affecting other sea mammals as well. This fact again pointed to environmental pollution, since it usually affect the entire ecosystem rather than a single species. Only widely occurring predators, such as the orca (a large predatory whale), could have the same effect, but orcas prefer to hunt much larger prey, such as other whales. 第二，在阿拉斯加海域，包括海豹和海狮在内的其他海洋哺乳动物的数量也有所下降。这表明造成海獭数量下降的原因也对其他海洋哺乳动物造成了影响。原因再次指向了环境污染，这是因为环境污染问题常常不是仅仅影响某个特定物种，而是影响整个生态系统。除此之外，只有像逆戟鲸(一种大型肉食鲸)那种食性广泛的动物才能通过捕食呈现相同的效果。但是，逆戟鲸更喜欢捕食像鲸类这种的大型猎物。
Third, scientists believed that the pollution hypothesis could also explain the uneven pattern of otter decline: at some Alaskan locations the otter populations declined greatly, while at others they
remained stable. Some experts explained these observations by suggesting that ocean currents or other environmental factors may have created uneven concentrations of pollutants along the coast. 第三，科学家认为污染说同时可以解释海獭数量变化的不均衡性。所谓不均衡性是指在阿拉斯加某些区域海獭数量下降明显，而在其他地方海獭的数量保持未定。一些专家指出这样的观察结果表明洋流和其他环境因素导致了海岸线上污染物的不均衡聚集。
阅读部分需要提取的观点是：
- Main point: 海獭数量下降的原因是环境污染
- Sub point 1:阿拉斯加海域确有污染源
- Sub point 2:除海獭外，还有其他哺乳动物的数量下降
- Sub point 3:不同区域海獭数量下降情况不同，可以解释为污染物聚集情况不同导致的。
听力材料：
Well, ongoing investigations have revealed that predation is the most likely cause of sea otter decline after all.
目前的研究表明天敌捕食是最可能导致海獭数量减少的原因。
First, the pollution theory is weakened by the fact that no one can really find any Dead Sea otters washing off on Alaskan beaches. That’s not what you would expect if infections caused by pollution started killing a lot of otters. On the other hand, t he fact that it’s so hard to find dead otters is consistent with the predator hypothesis. If an otter is killed by a predator, it’s eaten immediately so it can’t wash up on shore.
首先，由于没有人发现有海獭尸体被冲上阿拉斯加海滩，所以污染理论捕食那么站得住脚的。如果污染造成的疾病感染导致了海獭数量的剧减，那么情况不该如此。而且，很少发现海獭尸体也恰恰说明了天敌捕食假说。捕食者杀死了海獭后，会很快地吃掉它，那么我们也就不会再岸上发现海獭尸体了。
Second, although orcas may prefer to hunt whales, whales have essentially disappeared from the area because of human hunters. That means that orcas have had to change their diet to survive and since only smaller sea mammals are now available, orcas have probably started hunting those. So, it probably is the orcas that are causing the decline of all the smaller sea mammals mentioned in the passage - the seals, the sea lions, and the sea otters.
第二，尽管逆戟鲸喜欢捕食鲸类，但是鲸类的数量却由于人类的捕猎活动而剧烈减少。这意味着逆戟鲸不得不为了生存而更改捕食习惯。目前来看只有一些小型海洋哺乳动物还可以捕捉，逆戟鲸很可能开始以它们为食了。所以，很可能是逆戟鲸的捕食导致了文中提到的诸如海豹、海狮和海獭等小型哺乳动物的数量减少。
And third, the uneven pattern of otter decline is better explained by the orca predation theory than by the pollution theory. What happens to otters seems to depend on whether the location where they
live is accessible to orcas or not. In those locations that orcas can access easily, the number of sea otters has declined greatly. However, because orcas are so large, they can’t access shallow or rocky locations. And shallow and rocky locations are precisely the types of locations where sea otter populations have not declined.
第三，海獭数量变化的不均衡性恰好表明了逆戟鲸捕食理论比污染理论更合理。海獭数量的增减取决于它们生存的地方逆戟鲸是不是可以进入。在那些逆戟鲸很容易进入的海域，海獭的数量急剧减少。然而，因为逆戟鲸个头很大，所以他们不能进入那些过浅或者充满岩石的海域。而那些过浅和充满岩石的海域，恰恰是海獭数量保持稳定的地区。
听力笔记内容：
Main point: 天敌说更为可信
Sub point one: 没有发现海獭的尸体
Sub point two: 多种小型海洋哺乳动物的减少是因为逆戟鲸捕食
Sub point three: 逆戟鲸个头很大，有的海域不能进入，解释了为何数量变化不均衡
提示：在阅读部分出现的陌生的名词(包括专有名词)要记下来，因为听力出现的时候我们要根据读音判断出现位置和大致含义。
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2016年最新托福综合写作大全：巧用模板句式 To implement模板 or not? 很多考生在备考写作单项时遵循的是以下的思路： 首先，找到大量的模板句型，组成自己的模板框架。 其次，将中文思路整理出来，再生硬地将中式思维翻译成英文的句子。 最后，将翻译后的句子和自己的模板揉在一起，完成写作。 那么这样做的结果是什么呢——托福考官会毫不犹豫地将你的作文划分到最低档，也就是说你只能得到一个limited的分数。原因其一是因为考官认为你有抄袭的嫌疑，这是绝对不允许的；其二是考官会认为你不具备英文表达的能力，只会生硬地堆砌一些固化老套的模板。 那么托福写作到底用不用模板呢？蒋老师给大家的答案是：YES！很多学生在这个时候又会疑惑了：刚才还不让用模板呢，这个时候怎么又可以了呢？别急，我们继续往下看。 考过托福的同学都熟知，托福写作需要大家完成两篇文章。第一篇是综合写作，第二篇是独立写作。相对来说，综合写作难度更大。综合写作的难度无外乎以下三点：首先，它需要学生在有限的时间内完成阅读和听力两个任务；其次，它要求学生快速抓住阅读和听力材料的核心，然后写出一篇符合评分标准的作文；最后，在写作的过程中考[微博]生需要客观作答，不要加入任何的个人感情在作文中。 综合写作的客观性和明清时期的科举考试十分相似，所以我们也需要在托福考试时写“八股文”。八股文章就四书五经取题，内容必须用古人的语气，绝对不允许自由发挥，而句子的长短，字的繁简、声调高低等也都要相对恒温，字数也有严格限制。在某种程度上说，这正好符合托福综合写作的要求——在考试时使用即定的模板句型进行写作。不过，在套用模板的过程中也要做到灵活运用，同时做到以下几点。 第一，在备考初期，考生可以挑选5-8个模板，并且开始背诵这些模板，背之前要确保模板句型中的语法、单词拼写准确。第二，背熟模板后要开始大量的练习，同时参照范文来分析自己的作文，整理范文中优秀的短语、句型，改造和润色自己的作文。第三，有了前两个阶段的累积，考生在这一阶段要完成至少15篇以上的作文。 高分学员备考案例回顾 致赢托福一对一的学员张同学(女)正是应用了以上方法，在写作单项上取得了重大突破。上课前，她表示自己前两次的托福写作都是20分，具体分数给出的是fair，但是自己也不知道如何去突破这个瓶颈。在上写作诊断课的过程中，老师发现她综合写作的问题有二，一是文章的字数不够，尤其是在紧张的考试氛围下更达不到目标字数；二是即使听懂了阅读和听力中的要点，但是两者之间的关系没有表达出来。 在找到了张同学综合写作的问题之后，蒋老师给她定制了专属的课程。首先老师给她提供了以下四段式公式： ? The reading and the listening have opposite views on 阅读听力共同话题. Thereading agrees 阅读立场while the listening provides
Slmejq托福iBT课程
生命中，不断地有人离开或进入。于是，看见的，看不见的；记住的，遗忘了。生命中，不断地有得到和失落。于是，看不见的，看见了；遗忘的，记住了。然而，看不见的，是不是就等于不存在？记住的，是不是永远不会消失？ ?托福iBT课程 ?托福iBT 阅读 ?新老托福阅读的变化 ?新老托福阅读的变化 ?1,句子简化题 ?句子简化题做题步骤 ?The Great Red Spot ?Camouflage ?Post-it Note ?2,排除列举题 ?单词列举题 ?短语列举题 ?句子列举题 ?专项练习1 ?专项练习2 ? 3.插入句子题 ?Popcorn ?Lions ?Accidental Inventions ? 4.词汇题 ?备考建议以及做题方法（1） ?备考建议以及做题方法（2） ?Smog ?Parasitic plants ? 5.指代题 ?指代题介绍及解题技巧 ?Animal Congregation ?New World Epidemics ? 6.细节题 ?细节题解题步骤和方法 ?The Postage Stamp ?The Clovis Culture ?7.推理题 ?推理题的介绍 ?Tiger Moths ?The Filibuster ?8.修辞目的性题 ?修辞目的性题介绍 ?Xerography ?Demographic Change
?Territoriality ?9.文章内容小节题 ?文章内容小节题介绍 ?Island plant Life ?Ben and Jerry ?The Bald Eagle ?10.图表题 ?图表题介绍 ?Sand Dunes ?William Faulkner ?托福iBT 听力 ?听力语音技巧 ?连读规则 ?弱读+失音+失爆规则 ?ibttoefl听力的练习方法 ?声音方面的练习方法 ?思路方面的练习方法 ?Exercise 小对话 ?1-5题听力原文 ?第1题详解 ?第2题详解 ?第3题详解 ?第4题详解 ?第5题详解 ?6-10题听力原文+详解 ?11-20题听力原文 ?第11-12题详解 ?第13-17题详解 ?第18-20题详解 ?第21-30题听力原文 ?第21-24题详解 ?第25-27题详解 ?第28-30题详解 ?Directions 段落 ?段落练习方法详解(如何做笔记) ?Campus Life Topics_passage 1 ?Campus Life Topics_passage 2 ?Campus Life Topics_passage 3(题目部分) ?Campus Life Topics_passage 3(笔记详解) ?Campus Life Topics_passage 3(题目详解) ?Academic topics_passage 1 ?Academic topics_passage 2 ?Academic topics_passage 3(题目部分) ?Academic topics_passage 3(笔记详解)
12月10日托福写作答案解析
12月10日托福写作答案解析 综合写作】 关于加拿大一种当地语言的保护。阅读说了几个影响语言消失的factor，听力反驳。 阅读文章： 1. 根据一个survey,当地十六岁以下才有百分之二十的人说当地话，而且在减少。 2. 当地渔业为了实现国际化，只说international话，比如说像English这种语言。因此，父母不鼓励孩子学当地话。 3. 电视和电台大部分都是用English和French播的，这对年轻人影响比较大的。所以也造成这种语言的后继无人。 听力文章： 1. 阅读中survey的数据不准确，实际收据比这个要多。因为survey 只是针对traditional的当地话，而年轻人说的也是当地话，只不过比较modern。 2. 听力说及时发展渔业也还是需要和local交易的。而local人只说当地话，所以在工作中说当地话也很重要，父母们也意识到了，开始让孩子们学。
3. 听力说确实电视和电台是这样的，但是网络媒体并不这样，人家大部分还是用native language的，而且听众也挺多的。 【独立写作】 Which option do you prefer? Travel to foreign countries when you are young than when you are older. Give specific reasons or examples to support your decision. 题目解析： 这道题算是一道老题，和今年5月29日那场考试的题目(It is better to take risks and explore new things when you are older than when you are young.)极其类似。并且，也呼应了2015年北美考场的真题。所以，部分同学对此可能并不陌生。 写作思路解析： 选择年轻时旅行 1. 丰富生活 列出细节(the Golden Gate Bridge ，The Pyramids and The Louvre)具体描绘世界之五彩缤纷。拿书本所学和实际经历对比，感叹纸上得来终觉浅。拿年轻实现旅行梦想和年老后悔对比，鼓励年轻人尽早行动。
TPO20综合写作范文
The reading passage explores the topic of the “Let it burn” policy. The professor’s lecture deals with the same issue. However, she thinks that the “Let it burn”policy is fundamental positive policy, which contradicts what the reading states. And in the lecture, she uses three specific points to support her idea. First, the professor argues in the lecture that the fire enhanced the diversity of vegetation in Yellowstone Park, even though the reading passage suggests that Yellowstone fires caused tremendous damage to the park's trees and other vegetation. This is because that the fire has created a opportunity for some new plants to grow, for instance, the small plants which needed open un-shaded area and the seeds which demanded high levels of heat to germinate, which means that the small vegetations would had a better environment after the large trees had been destroyed. Obviously, the professor's argument disproves its counterpart in the reading. Moreover, despite the statement in the reading that the park wildlife was affected, and there was also concern that the destruction of habitats and food chains, the professor states that the fire also created new opportunities for some animals’ thriving that the population could recover and strengthened certain food chains. Then he supports this point with the fact that, for example, the new plants offered perfect habitats for some animals like rabbits and hares, and promote their predators’ booming the
托福写作之浅谈综合写作
托福写作之浅谈综合写作 托福综合写作是怎样的一种形式呢?今天给大家带来了托福写作之浅谈综合写作，希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。 托福写作之浅谈综合写作 根据托福OG有关综合写作的要求，评分标准主要为信息(information)和逻辑(organization)。这两点考察的就是我们对听力要点的把握能力，以及如何用简要的语言概括阅读稿和听力稿中的信息，并且层次清晰，要点明确。有的同学说，我听懂了，我直接写就好;有的说，我看懂了，但听懂了一部分，编下就行。其实不然。阅读稿看懂了，听力听懂了，只是一半。还需要将听力中的有效信息用自己的语言表达出来，并且也不能与阅读稿中的表达完全一致。 在这里我将综合听力需要锻炼的能力列为以下三点： 1. 阅读能力(快、准) 2. 听写和速记能力(不是简单词不记，是记重点名词、动词或短语)
3. 一定的改写能力(这个就是我们对于句型的运用，涉及句子表达准确性、语态、词的适当替换等)。 可能有的同学说听不懂，这里建议，如果练习听力，尽量用托福听力材料进行练习，因为托福听力材料内容信息量大，需要记的东西多，也能通过做题找到自己听力的盲区。如果托福听力能听懂了，托福综合写作的听力也没有问题了。 这里附上两篇学生写的综合写作范文。 TPO26 Inthe listening material, the professor made several points about the invasion ofthe zebra mussels can be stopped. Firstof all, the reading passage states that the human transportation will cause theinvasion of the zabra mussels, while the professor contradicts that people cannotcontrol it in the past because of the lack of the knowledge. On the other hand,the ocean water will be taken by the ship to replace the freshwater, which maykill the mussels. Moreover,the reading passage also mentions that if the mussels are taken to the newplace, they wont have predators, while the professor refutes that they candominate it just for a short
托福优秀作文范文
托福优秀作文范文 托福作文的题材有很多，我们从各个资源站收集了一些托福的经典作文题目。 1.全球化影响 There is a disagreement on the impact of increased business and culture contact between countries on a country's identity. What is your opinion? 2.政府投资 People should keep all the money they earn and should not pay taxes to the state. Do you agree or disagree? 3.科技影响 Many employees may work at home with modern technology. Some people claim that it benefits only workers, but not employers. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 4. 文化类
i. It is more important for a building to serve its purposes than to look beautiful. Architects do not need to worry about whether it is a real work of art. Do you agree or disagree? ii. The international tourism is the biggest industry in the world. To what extent do you think its advantages far outweigh its disadvantages? 5. 生活工作 Some people think that changing jobs periodically is good. What is your opinion? 6. 传媒类 Some people suggest that there should be restrictions on a detailed deion of crimes in the newspapers and on television. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 7. 广告类
托福写作TPO7综合写作详细解析
智课网TOEFL备考资料
托福写作TPO7综合写作详细解析 阅读材料： In an effort to encourage ecologically sustainable forestry practices, an international organization started issuing certifications to wood companies that meet high ecological standards by conserving resources and recycling materials. Companies that receive this certification can attract customers by advertising their product as ecocertified. Around the world, many wood companies have adopted new, ecologically friendly practices in order to receive ecocertification. However, it is unlikely that wood companies in the United Stated will do the same, for several reasons. 为了能过促进林业的可持续发展，有个国际组织开始着手给那些达到了环保和再生利用要 求的木材公司颁发认证。获得认证的公司可以在广告商宣传自己是环保的，进而吸引消费者。在全球范围内来看，为了能得到环保认证，很多木材公司已经开始采用了环保策略。然而， 就美国的公司来讲不太会采取同样的措施，原因如下。 First, American consumers are exposed to so much advertising that they would not value or even pay attention to the ecocertification label. Because so many mediocre products are labeled “new” or “improved,” American consumers do not place much trust in advertising claims in general. 首先，由于每天接受大量广告的轰炸，美国消费者对于环保标签并不是很在意。由于很多 的普通产品都标榜“创新”或者“升级”，美国消费者对于广告上生成的东西基本上不怎么信任。 Second, ecocertified wood will be more expensive than uncertified wood because in order to earn ecocertification, a wood company must pay to have its business examined by a certification agency. This additional cost gets passed on to consumers – American consumers tend to be strongly motivated by price, and therefore they are likely to choose cheaper uncertified wood products. Accordingly, American wood companies will prefer to keep their prices low rather than obtain ecocertification.