让学生爱上英语写作

让学生爱上英语写作

让学生爱上英语写作

发表时间:2014-02-21T10:35:15.247Z 来源:《素质教育》2013年11月总第137期供稿作者:蓝天飞

[导读] 由句式”到“段落”的训练阶段。

蓝天飞江西省南康市第七中学341400

“课程标准”对初中学生的英语写作技巧提出了如下要求:能根据所提供的信息材料和话题,写出结构完整、语句精彩、意思与语言流畅、语法准确,符合逻辑的短文;至少使用两种时态,用80个以上单词。为了落实“课程标准”对初中英语写作教学的具体要求,英语教师们要提高写作教学的有效性,应做到以下几点:

一、注重写作的基本功训练

写作教学应以课文为中心,由易到难、由浅入深地逐一进行训练,训练可分为几个阶段。

1.由“词汇积累”到“句式”的训练阶段。从七年级开始就加强学生词汇方面的训练,让学生通过积累的方法增加词汇量。首先,在每个单元的对话和课文中都有很多单词、词组、习惯用语和句型等,老师应坚持每天听写学生,强化训练。对于课文中的重点句型,可以在课堂上帮助学生划分好句子成分,然后叫学生“读熟”。其次,让学生达到会用学过的单词、词组和句型造句。在课堂上,针对每节课所学的单词、词组及句型,老师带领学生操练。课后,老师应根据不同学生的特点,分层次地布置作业,帮助学生增强举一反三的能力。再次,要加强英汉互译练习。平时引导学生多做一些复述、表演、翻译等练习,让学生口头表述或书面整理,有助于启发学生的写作思路,培养和规范学生的英语表达能力。

2.“由句式”到“段落”的训练阶段。从七年级开始就对学生进行书写小段落的训练,做到口笔同步。随着教学的不断深入,写作内容也不断丰富,八年级就要注意段落中的时态差异、句型变化以及过渡句的使用等。到了九年级就要注意文章的体裁、格式、写作方法、复句的正确性以及中外文化的差异性。

3.各种体裁文章的训练阶段。在我们所学的课文中有记叙文、说明文和议论文,还有日记、通知、假条、书信、电子邮件等应用文。在实践教学中,根据教学进度及学生的接受程度在适当的时候介绍各种体裁文章的写作方法及各自的特点,这样可以避免写作练习的盲目性,做到有的放矢,有目标地训练。另外课文中还有大量的插图,可以利用图片让学生进行看图说话、写作。从一些常见的文体练起,由短到长,由浅入深,循序渐进。

4.默写课文及优秀的作文范文。提高学生的英语写作能力,以课文为中心进行训练尤为重要,因为课文能够体现各种英语语法及句法的特点,课文中的句子就是规范、地道的英语范文。因此,每学完一篇课文,都要求学生进行熟练地默写。这对夯实学生的基础写作能力有很大的帮助,会收到事半功倍的效果。教师还可以指导学生对作文进行自批和互批,将文中的主要错误批出并纠正,这样既可以锻炼学生的改错能力,又能增强学生修改文章的意识,同时还减轻了教师的负担。久而久之,学生形成了良好的写作习惯,写作能力将会大大提高。

二、注重阅读与写作的结合

1.教师要及时对学生进行阅读技巧方面的指导。学生在阅读过程中会遇到一些生词,教师应指导学生锻炼自己在阅读文章过程中的猜词能力,联系上下文语境理解文章主旨大意的能力,注意从阅读技巧方面指导学生,培养学生自行分析和解决问题的能力。

2.帮助不同层次的学生进行阅读范围的指导。根据学生的个体差异,教师可以帮助他们确定不同范围、不同标准和不同难易程度的文章,供他们去读。比如说,可以给阅读能力强的学生提供一些稍长、有哲理的趣味文章去阅读,给阅读能力稍弱一些的学生提供一些简单易懂的文章,增强他们的阅读兴趣,从而培养各层次学生的英语语言综合表达能力。

3.教师及时与学生进行阅读文章方面的互动。为了更好地强化各类学生的阅读效果,教师每周可以安排特定的时间检查学生的阅读效果,进行阅读文章的互动训练。通过口头练习和笔试相结合的方式检查各类学生阅读指定材料的能力。

4.教师定期地组织学生开展话题讨论。在平时的英语教学活动中,设置英语角。教师利用英语角组织学生分组进行讨论某一固定话题的主要情节、人物特征、中心思想,引导学生在英语交流与互动的宽松氛围中各抒己见,互相交流。这种做法可以促进学生积极思考,增强他们的阅读兴趣,加深对英语文章的理解,以增强他们的英语口语表达能力及书面表达能力。

三、注重课堂教学中写作技巧的传授

1.仔细审题,明确要求。每篇习作都有一定的要求,有些是通过文字给予说明的,有些是通过画面暗示出来的,还有些是要求用对话形式表达的。因此,教师在指导学生写作时应以精通审题技巧为重点,明确所写文章的体裁、中心内容、格式及采用的基本时态等。

2.抓住重点,寻求思路。首先拟定提纲。构思好文章的篇章结构安排,主旨大意的表达等,然后按时间、空间或逻辑顺序开头,再围绕中心内容周密选词、造句,做好句与句之间、段与段之间的过渡,拟好文章的结尾。

3.语言规范,准确地道。平时在指导学生作文时,要求学生尽量使用学过的、最熟悉的、也有把握的句型结构,重短轻长,就易避难,以写准确、通顺为最基本要求。在写作中尽量避免繁、难的句式,多采用简单句来表达意思。但为了使文章可读性强,可以适当地使用复合句,复合句要注意连词的正确使用及从句时态的正确性。

4.过渡自然,通顺流畅。写作时前后句、上下文要正确使用and、or、but、because、so、then、after等连词,使文章过渡自然。不重复使用可置换的词。

5.字迹美观,书写整洁。工整的字迹会给人以良好的感受。写作时,如果时间允许,应先打草稿,修改过后再誊写清楚,这样可以提高作文的档次,给人以美的享受。

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