第四章超数排卵

最常用的产品是Schering， 至少25年，特别是相同的产品 使用了不同的brand商标，包 括 Bums-Biotech, Reheis and Armour.

commonly 普通的 brand商标
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It is obtained from swine 猪 pituitaries垂体. Potency效力 is determined relative to an “in-house” Armour standard, so the actual weight of the material in the boule has little to do with the weight equivalent相等的 on the label标签.

比实际的生物学活性低5%
special 特别的，特殊的
wk.baidu.com
impure不纯的, 。
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The most commonly 普通的 used product is currently marketed by Schering (see Chapter 17); over the last 25 years, essentially the same product has been marketed under various brand商标 names, including BumsBiotech, Reheis and Armour.

但是，超数排卵处理的 结果比单一的排卵得到 的胚胎要多10倍。
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Without superovulation, a usable embryo can be recovered about 60 percent of the time from normal donors by skilled technicians.

正常情况下，20-30%超 排的供体检不到胚胎， 仅有2-0-30%的可以检到 1-3枚胚胎（见表11）
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An ideal response of five to 12 embryos is obtained from about one-third of the donors. However, a small percentage of donors yield more than 20 good embryos and, very rarely, more than 50.

这些激素从猪的垂体获得。 其药效与“马的激素” “inhouse” Armour standard有关， 所以实际可能低于或与label标 签重量 equivalent相等的 。



swine 猪 pituitaries垂体 Potency效力
equivalent相等的 label标签
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大约1/3的供体可以获得 5-12枚胚胎。但是，小 部分供体可获得20枚好 胚胎，极少数超过50枚。
FIGURE 1
Superovulated bovine ovary photographed during a surgical recovery procedure, Also note opening to fimbria伞,
第四章 超数排卵 超数排卵处理 超数排卵是一种从母牛卵巢 中获得卵子的低效率 inefficient的方法，在下一 世纪内这一方法将可能被替 代。

Inefficient 低效率
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However, superovulation results in about ten times more embryos than single ovum recovery.

FSH最常用的方法是：间 隔12h注射6,6,4,4,2,2,2, 和2 mg ，在FSH注射的第 6或第7次注射PGF2a.

regimen摄生、管理办法
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About 20 percent more gonadotrophin促性腺激素 should be given to cows weighing over 800 kg. Sometimes, higher doses 剂量 are used for the first two days; others give 5 mg for each injection.
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English-Chinish of Reproductiong in Farm Animal
Training
manuai for embryo transfer in cattle
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Superovulation Chapter 4 SUPEROVULATORY TREATMENTS




Superovulation is a very inefficient低效率 method of obtaining oocytes from bovine ovaries and is likely to be replaced by other approaches within the next decade.
A second prostaglandin injection is often given 1224 hours after the first, and seems似乎to improve增加 embryo production.


improve增加、改善 seems似乎
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动物繁殖学双语教学
The two generally accepted methods of superovulating cattle are based on two different

2种基本的方法

牛的超排方法有2种不同 促性腺激素
gonadotrophins（促性腺激 素）, although there are many minor（较少）
variations of these methods.

gonadotrophins方法，
其他方法与这些方法的 有一定的差异
gonadotrophins促性腺激素 minor 较少
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The simplest is to give an intramuscular (i.m.) injection of 1 800-3 000 IU (usually 2 0002 500 IU) of pregnant mare's serum gonadotmphin (PMSG), more correctly designated equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG), followed by a luteolytic dose of prostaglandin F2 alpha or an analogue i.m. two to three days later.

采用熟练的技术，正常 的供体超排后可得到大 约60%的可用胚。
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Under similar conditions, superovulation usually yields an average of six usable embryos, although the variation is

LH found in commercial batches一批 of FSH decreases efficacy greatly非常地. In fact, some LH may be needed for optimal superovulatory responses.


最简单的方法是肌肉 intramuscular (i.m.) 注射 PMSG, 或eCG,而后2-3天后注射溶解黄 体的PGF2a. prostaglandin F2
alpha
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第二次注射注射PG通常是在 第一次注射后的12-24h,这样 似乎seems似乎可以提高 improve增加胚胎的产量。

在相同的条件下，超数 排卵平均可得到6枚可用 胚，虽然有较大的差异 astounding （表1）。
astounding令人惊骇的
(Figure 1). astounding令人惊骇的

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Normally, no embryos are recovered from 20-30 percent of superovulated donors and only one to three embryos are obtained from another 2030 percent (see Table 11).
一个special 特别的，特殊的
问题是应用的FSH产品纯度
A special 特别的，特殊的 problem with most commercially available FSH products is that they are quite impure不纯的, frequently with less than 5 percent biologically active FSH.

donors ，得到稳定的效果，降低 处理的剂量，以在应用中建立 reliable可靠的，确实的 方法。

adequate 适当的
donors供体 constant 稳定的 reliable可靠的，确实的
regarding关于 regimens把...编组
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大约20%的母牛体重超 过800kg,需要更多的促性 腺激素gonadotrophin。
有时，在第一和第二天采 用较高剂量doses的激素， 每次注射5mg.

促性腺激素
gonadotrophin doses剂量

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少数的研究每次处理采用 adequate 适当的 的 供体

There are few studies with adequate 适当的 numbers of donors供体 per treatment group in which constant 稳定的 and decreasing doses have been compared, so reliable可靠的，确 实的 conclusions cannot be drawn regarding关于 efficacy of such regimens把...编组,.

i.m肌肉 FSH。若使用 PMSG， 在处理后48-72h采用PGF2a处理， 或在FSH处理的第5、6或第7次 时采用PGF2a处理。

field现场
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The most common FSH regimen摄生、管理办法 is 6,6,4,4,2,2,2, and 2 mg at half-day intervals with prostaglandin F2 alpha given with the sixth or seventh FSH injection.
第二种超数排卵的方法是：在现场 条件下间隔12小时8-10次皮下或肌 肉subcutaneously (s.c.)皮下 or
The second method of superovulation is to give eight to ten injections of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) subcutaneously (s.c.)皮下 or i.m. at half-day intervals. Intramuscular injection is more reliable under field现场 conditions. As with PMSG, prostaglandin F2 alpha is given 48-72 hours after initiation of treatment with the fifth, sixth, or seventh FSH injection.