谈学好《英美文学选读》看法
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谈学好《英美文学选读》的看法
众所周知,文学是语言的最高形式,同时又是文化的载体,要学好《英美文学选读》无疑要有点文化方面的知识。在英语专业的课程设置中,《英语国家概况》、《欧洲文化入门》以及《英美文学选读》都属于知识类型的课程,而且相互关联。一谈到这些课程,许多考生会产生“畏惧心理"和“厌烦心态”。不过我们应调整一下心态,以好奇的眼光、强烈的求知欲来培养自己在文化知识和文学知识的兴趣。以《欧洲文化入门》为背景、《英语国家概况》为前提,在《英美文学选读》的知识长河边漫步。
其间,你会见到斯堪的纳维亚的英雄贝尔武夫,英国的荷马。再往前走,你又遇到将自己的灵魂出卖给魔鬼的浮士德,忧郁型的王子哈姆雷特和被上帝逐出伊甸园的亚当和夏娃。再更上前一步你又碰见英帝国的缔造者鲁宾逊·克鲁索、历险英雄格列佛、还有弃儿汤姆·琼斯、雾都孤儿奥立弗·特维斯特,被社会摧残惨死的苔丝等。美国有沉睡2O年的瑞普·凡·温克尔,有小伙子布朗,还有凶猛的白鲸和嘉莉妹妹等。此时你会觉得自己面前有一群鲜活的人物,视野开阔了,浓厚的兴趣就油然而生。
有了兴趣还不够,还得有科学的学习方法。好的方法能提高学习的效率,使你达到事半功倍的效果。下面具体谈谈本人在学好《英美文学选读》的几点看法。
一.结合大纲,总体把握。
正如我们所知,本教程由英国部分和美国部分组成共八章。英国文学部分由古代文学、中世纪文学、文艺复兴时期文学、新古典时期文学、浪漫主义时期文学、维多利亚时期文学和现代文学组成。美国文学部分由浪漫主义时期文学、现实主义文学和现代文学组成。在学每章时,应结合大纲的考核要求,对本章内容作总体归纳,有一个总体印象,并列出本章重点。如每章有:本时期时间界定,文学形式,主要代表作家作品及其文学特色等。
二.针对考点,重点搜索。
鉴于本教程的知识结构,并结合历年考试题型,本书重要知识点包含:各时期的时间界定、代表作家与作品、作品主题、寓意等。现将第一、二章重要知识点罗列如下,供大家参考。其他各章请大家按同样的方式整理。
英国文学部分
I、古代文学:
1.时间界定:Old English literature extends from about 450 to 1066.
2.古代文学中诗歌分类:宗教诗和世俗诗:
The Old English poetry can be divided into two groups:the religious group and the secullar one.
3.主要代表作品:贝尔武夫
A.性质:Beowulf is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons.
B.主题:The poem presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage under a wiSe heroic struggles against the hostile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader.
*************************************************************************************** II、中世纪文学:
1、时间界定:From 1066 up to the mid-14th century.
2、文学分类:民间通俗文学骑士浪漫诗
A.Popular folk literature also occupies an important place in this period.B.Romance which uses narrative verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds is a popular literary form in the medieval period.
3
A.The father of English poetry.(Chaucer)
B.The English Homer.(Chaucer)
C.In Canterbury tale s,Chaucer presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life.
D.In Troilus and Criseyde,he gave the world what is virtually the first modern novel.************************************************************************************** III、文艺复兴时期:
1.时间界定:
It refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries.
2.文艺复兴的理论基础:人文主义兴起。
A.核心:Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.It sprang from the endeavor努力 to restore a medieval中世纪的 reverence尊敬 for the antique authors.
B.基础:It was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.
3.文艺复兴的文化背景:
A.场所:English schools and universities were established in place of the old monasteries 修道院.
B.印刷术的引进:William Caxton introduced printing into England.
C.翻译的时代的出现。With the introduction of printing,an age of translation came into being.
4.文学形式:
诗歌:
A.早期特点:The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assmilation.
B.代表作家及作品:
a.Spenser’s The Shepheardes Calender showed the pastoral田园的、牧人的 convention. b.In "The Passionate Shepherd to His Love",Marlowe spoke that it would be very difficult for us to connect it with the voice in his tragedies.
C.Poetry and poetic drama were the most outstanding literary forms and carried on by Shakespeare and Ben Johnson.
戏剧:
A.特点:The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream主流 of the English Renaissance B.作家:The most famous dramatists are Christopher Marlowe,William Shakespeare,and Ben Johnson.
5.本章主要作家:
r and The Faerie Queene.
A.创作意图:The principal intention is to present through a "historical poem" the example of a perfect gentleman
B.整体线索:The recurring appearances of Arthur serve as a unifying element for the poem as a whole.