Depression-era Literature
英语专业中英文对照题目
Red and White-----the Dual Symbolic Colors of Tess白色和红色-----苔丝的双重象征色Fang Hongjian-the Tragic Figure Struggling in “Fortress Besieged” 挣扎于“围城”中的悲剧人物-方鸿渐Hester and Dimmesdale’s Attitudes towards Love and life in The Scarlet Letter论《红字》中海斯特和丁梅斯代尔对爱情、罪恶、生活的态度On Sister Carrie’s Criticism upon American Society论<<嘉莉妹妹>>对美国社会的批判意义On Scarlett’s Attitude towards Life关于斯佳丽的生活观On the Characterization of Picaresque Huck论哈克的流浪汉形象On the Moral Spirit in the Great Gatsby. 论《了不起的盖茨比》中的道德观Thomas Hardy’s Pessimism in Tess of the D’urbervelles托马斯.哈代在《德伯家的苔丝》中的悲观主义A Study of Tom Joad in the Grapes of Wrath《愤怒的葡萄》的中汤姆约德研究织梦内容治理系统Mark Twain’s Linguistic Style in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer浅析《汤姆索娅历险记》中马克吐温的语言风格On the Characteristics of Uncle Tom汤姆叔叔的性格分析A Study of the Themes in a Farewell to Arms《永别了，武器》的主题思想研究The Tragic Fate of “a Pure Woman” in the Conflict of the Individual and the Society“一个纯洁女人”在人与社会发展冲突中的悲剧命运On the Language Style of a Midsummer-Night's Dream论《仲夏夜之梦》的语言风格The Social Significance of Swift's Gulliver's Travels《格列佛游记》的社会意义The Psychological Analysis in Macbeth论莎士比亚《麦克白》的心理刻画Inflexible Ada in Cold Mountain《冷山》中执著的艾达On the Romanticism and Realism of Alice in Wonderland论爱丽丝梦游仙境的童话性与现实性On the Tragicomedy of Rebecca in Vanity Fair论《名利场》中利蓓加的悲喜一生内容来自dedecmsOn the Humour of Oliver Twist论《雾都孤儿》的幽默艺术Tom Jones, a Dissipated but Kindhearted Man放荡而又善良的汤姆琼斯The Free Will and Rebellious Spirit in Paradise Lost失乐园》中的自由意志和反叛精神《On the Development of Shyloc k’s Character论夏洛克的性格发展Morality and Criticism in Tom Jones评《汤姆琼斯》中的道德观与批评观On Imogen，the New Feminine Image in Cymbeline论《辛白林》中伊慕琴的新女性形象Burns’ View on Love and Friendship论彭斯的爱情友谊观The Reflection of Art and Life in Ode on a Grecian Urn and Ode on a Nightingale 希腊古瓮颂》《夜莺颂》中艺术与生活的对照The Womanism in "The Color Purple"紫色》中的《妇女主义On the Differences between Chinese and Westerners in Non-language Communication谈中国人和英美人非语言交际的差异On the Contribution of the American Blacks during American Civil War美国黑人在美国历史上的贡献织梦好，好织梦On American Black English浅谈美国黑人英语On the Differences of the Marriage Concept between Chinese and American浅谈中美婚姻观念的差异A Contrastive Analysis of Table Manners and Culture between China and Western Countries中西方国家的餐桌礼节与文化的对比分析On the Ideological Content in Bacon’s Essays论培根散文的思想性Women's Movement in 1960s in American美国六十年代的妇女运动Analysis the negative effects of violent television and movie on children浅析影视暴力对青少年儿童的负面影响The Influence of Chinese Cultural Circumstances on English Learning汉语环境对英语学习的影响A Comprehension of Male Centrad Literature through A Doll’s House从《玩偶之家》解读男性中心的文学A Sad Melody Mocking the Love of God ------Anlaysis of the Figures in “Mccullough”一曲嘲弄上帝爱情的悲歌--论《荆棘鸟》中人物分析本文来自织梦Love Reflected by Individual Character-view of marriage in Pride and Prejudicecopyright dedecms 由个性反映出爱--《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观On the Initiative of English Learners论英语学习者的主动性On Techniques in Mark Twain’s Satiric Works论马克吐温讽刺小说中的技巧Analysis of the Character of Nancy in Oliver Twist论狄更斯《雾都孤儿》中南希的人物性格Strategies for Promoting Interactive English Teaching论英语教学如何走进交际互动课堂The Puritanism in New England of the 17th Century Reflected by Scarlet Letter从《红字》看十七世纪新英格兰清教主义风尚Translation of the Guide Words in Tourism English论导游词在旅游英语中的翻译Skills and the Translation of Puns in English Advertisement英语广告中双关语的运用技巧及翻译On the Fairy-tale Language Characteristics and Religion in Journey to the West论《西游记》中的童话语言特色及其宗教色彩Campus Catch-words and the Difference of Thinking Modes between Chinese and Foreign Students从校园流行语看中外学生思维方式的差异Body Language in English Teaching体态语在英语教学中的运用Forest Gump’s Language Characteristics in Forest Gump《阿甘正传》中阿甘的语言特色The Symbolic Meanings in Scarlet Letter《红字》中的若干象征意义On English Retelling浅谈英语复述On interesting English teaching浅谈英语爱好教学Look through Hawthorne's people in the Scarlet Letter看透《红字》中霍桑所写人物Translation Technique on the Complete Sherlock novels谈《福尔摩斯探案集》的翻译技巧Comments on the words used in teaching 浅谈教学用语On the Excessive Transition in the English Learning of Chinese Students论中国学生英语学习中的过度迁移On the difference in the Cultural fondness of Sino-America浅析中美文化的喜好差异On Ambitiousness in Communication in English论英语交际中的语用歧义copyright dedecmsA Comparison on the Cultural differences in appellation between Chinese and English 汉英称谓系统的文化对比A comparative study of word order in English and Chinese coordinate constructions and their translations英汉并列结构的语序对比与翻译On application of Activities-based approach in English teaching浅谈活动教学法在英语教学中的应用On Children's Education between China and America对中美孩童教育的思考On the Relationship between English Study and Gender Differences浅谈英语学习与性别差异On the Phenomena of Negative Transference in Translation翻译中的负迁移现象浅析On the design of multiple-choice lutes in reading comprehension论阅读理解中多项选择题的设计On the Culture Penetration in English Teaching in Senior Middle School谈高中英语教学中的文化渗透Briefly on the Culture Penetration in the Net Game浅谈网络游戏中的文化渗透copyright dedecmsRelationship between Teaching and Learning during the English Enlighten Education启蒙英语教育中的教与学English Teaching Orientation in the Background of the New Curriculum新课程背景下英语教学的转向On the Rationality of Selecting English Textbooks英语教材选用的公道性研究The Advantage and Disadvantage of Bilingual Teaching双语教学的利与弊The Goal of English Teaching in Senior Middle School高中英语教学目标初探New Trends of Writing Teaching in English写作教学的新趋势How to Define and Translate the Meaning of Polysemant in English-Chinese translation英汉互译中多义词的确定及翻译On How to construct Interpersonal Environment in Class论课堂人际环境的构建On TPR in the Primary English Classroom小学英语课堂反应法探索The Impact of Social Background on Scar let’s Marriage社会背景对斯佳丽婚姻的影响copyright dedecmsThe Sun Also Rises and Its Social Context太阳照样升起和其社会背景Pause Phenomenon in EFL Learners英语初学习者的停顿现象Meaning and Paraphrase: A Strategic Model含义和释义：一种战略模式The Prominence of Discourse话语的突显On Man’s Tragic End--Viewed from The Old Man and the Sea从老人与海看人的悲剧Some Fresh Thoughts on English Teaching in Classroom英语课堂教学的新思考On Conrad’s Narrative Te chnique--From “Nostromo” 从“Nostromo”看康拉德的叙事技巧A contrastive study of Directional verbs in Chinese and English中英趋向动词的比较研究Semantics’ Influence on Structure语义对结构的影响The Impact on Structures Change by Cognition认知对结构变化的影响Social Psychological Factors and Their Influence on Ell社会心理因素和他们对语言学习的影响Learner-Centered College English Teaching“以学习者为中心”的大学英语教学织梦内容治理系统Contextual Restriction in Translation语境对翻译的限制Contrastive Analysis of English-Chinese Tourism Texts英汉旅游篇章对比分析Amplification and Omission in Translation翻译中的信息增减Three Techniques in English-Chinese Alternating Translation中英互译中的三个技巧Analysis of Tess’ Tragedy苔丝悲剧的分析Translation and Business-oriented Terms经贸术语及其翻译Application of Games in Middle School English Teaching游戏在中学英语教学中的运用Transformational Technique of Parts of Speech in Translation翻译中词性转换的技巧Non-verbal Behaviors for Activating Students in English Classes英语课堂中激活学生的非语言行为Application of Absolute Construction in Interpretation独立主格在口译中的运用Effect on Translation from Different English-Chinese Modes of Thinking中英思维方式的差异对翻译的影响On Ways of Breaking Cultural Barriers in Translation of Human Names如何克服人名翻译中的文化障碍织梦好，好织梦On Translation of Chinese Dishes论中国菜名的英译On Translation Skills of Traditional Chinese Medical Terms论中医用语的翻译技巧On Influence of Cultural Differences on Understanding English and Chinese Advertisements论文化差异对解读英汉广告的影响On Aesthetic Association and Translation of Names of Commodities论审美联想与商品名的翻译On Changes of Business Etiquettes in Cross-Cultural Communication论跨文化交际中商务礼节的变迁On Tragic Fate of the Heroin in Life论<一生>中女主人公的悲剧命运On Language Communication Skills in Business Negotiation论商务谈判中语言沟通技巧On Comprehending and Usage of Euphemism in Business Negotiation论商务谈判中委婉语的理解和运用On Influence of American Culture on Import and Export Commodities论美国文化对进出口商品翻译的影响On Application of Nonverbal Means in Communication论非语言形式在交际中的运用copyright dedecms Cultural Gap and Mistranslation英汉文化差异与误译On The Nature and functions of Metaphor论隐喻的本质与功能On the Status and Role of the Translator in Literary Translation论文学翻译中译者的地位与作用On the Origin, Word-Formation and Translation of English Neologisms浅谈英语新词的产生、构成及翻译On Discourse as the Unit of Translation浅谈以语篇为翻译单位A Study on Punctuation and Omission in Simultaneous Interpretation论同声传译中的断句与省略The Comparison and Translation of “Nine” in Chinese and Western Culture英汉数字“九”的文化对比与翻译The length and width of the English study in the translation part of the TEM8从英语专业八级卷翻译部分看英语学习的广度和深度A Brief Study on the Translation of English News Titles英语新闻标题翻译初探Knowledge Base in Professional Interpreting论专业口译的基础知识织梦好，好织梦On Translation Techniques of Loanwords浅谈外来语的翻译A Study of Application and Translation of Idiomatic Usages of English Preposition浅谈英语介词惯用法的运用与翻译Strategies and Impact on Education from China’s Entry into WTO WTO 对中国教育的影响及对策The Cultural Influence on English Expressions and Word Choices文化对英语表达和词汇的影响Application of Inverted Sentences in English浅谈英语中的倒装Decomposition and Translation of Ambiguous Structures歧义结构的化解与翻译The Orientation of Nonfiction in Contemporary English Literature英语记录文学在当代文学中的定位On Presenting New Teaching Materials of Junior English论中学英语教学材料的呈现Function of Discourse in Translation语篇功能在翻译中的表现Function of Translation in English Teaching翻译在英语教学中的地位The Regional Differences between Chinese and Western Culture中西文化差异之地域文化差异织梦好，好织梦Non-equivalence between Chinese and English Idioms and Intercultural differences英汉习语的不等值现象于跨文化差异Usage and Translation of Numerals in English Expressions英语中数目词组中的用法和翻译技巧A Contrastive Study of the Formation of English and Chinese Antonyms论英汉反义词的形成Various Factors Reducing the Efficiency of English Learning论影响英语学习成效的各种因素Chicago as a Mirror of American Social Problems电影《芝加哥》所透析出的美国社会题目A Contrastive Study of Animal Cultural Implication between Chinese and English 英汉语动物文化含义比较On the Development of English New Words英语新词的发展On the Usage of English Abbreviations on the Internet谈网络英语中的缩略语My View on Rhett in Gone with Wind白瑞德DDDD理想化的男人，斯嘉丽真正的灵-------我? 《飘》中的白瑞>> he Cultural Difference between Chinese and Western Foodd试论中西餐饮文化差织梦内容治理系?> On American Dream ------Viewed from ister Carriee》从《嘉莉妹妹》看美国>> y view on the Classic Standpoint of love of Jane Austinn从《爱玛》看简。
英语专业英美文学论文题目大全
论《雾都孤儿》的幽默艺术Tom Jones, a Dissipated but Kindhearted Man放荡而又善良的汤姆琼斯The Free Will and Rebellious Spirit in Paradise Lost《失乐园》中的自由意志和反叛精神On the Development of Shylock’s Character论夏洛克的性格发展Morality and Criticism in Tom Jones评《汤姆•琼斯》中的道德观与批评观On Imogen，the New Feminine Image in Cymbeline论《辛白林》中伊慕琴的新女性形象Burns’View on Love and Friendship论彭斯的爱情友谊观The Reflection of Art and Life in Ode on a Grecian Urn and Ode on a Nightingale《希腊古瓮颂》与《夜莺颂》中艺术与生活的对照The Womanism in "The Color Purple"On the Differences between Chinese and Westerners in Non-language Communication谈中国人和英美人非语言交际的差异On the Contribution of the American Blacks during American Civil War美国黑人在美国历史上的贡献On American Black English浅谈美国黑人英语On the Differences of the Marriage Concept between Chinese and American浅谈中美婚姻观念的差异A Contrastive Analysis of Table Manners and Culture between China and Western Countries On the Ideological Content in Bacon’s Essays论培根散文的思想性Women's Movement in 1960s in American美国六十年代的妇女运动Analysis the negative effects of violent television and movie on children浅析影视暴力对青少年儿童的负面影响The Influence of Chinese Cultural Circumstances on English Learning汉语环境对英语学习的影响A Comprehension of Male Centrad Literature through A Doll’s House黑色的坚毅——小说《飘》主人公的性格分析Black Determination——An Analysis of the Personalities of the Main Character in Gone with the Wind从浪漫走向世俗的新型女性——《理智与情感》中玛丽安的性格分析人性的扭曲信任的危机--重读《奥》剧杂感Random Thoughts on Othello爱情叙写与人性魅力--论《红与黑》中两位女主角Love Account and Human Fascination-- On the Two Heroines in "The Red and the Black"风暴之女--艾米莉·勃朗特--评析作家经历和性格对作品的影响《荒野的呼唤》中"巴克"的多重性格分析Analysis of the Complicated Nature of Buck in ″The Call of the Wild″《呼啸山庄》中希斯克利夫扭曲性格分析《裸者与死者》中的受虐性格分析Analysis of the Masochistic Character Portrayed in The Naked and the Dead压抑与扭曲的灵魂——霍桑《红字》主人公人物性格分析The Constrained and Distorted Soul ——the Analysis of the Protagonists Disposition of "The Scarlet Letter"财经类院校英语专业"体验英美文学"教学模式探究On the Teaching Strategy of Experiencing British and American Literature英美文学虚拟教学课堂的架构设计The Architecture Designing of Virtual Classroom of British and American Literature高校英语专业英美文学课程的现代教学思路增强英美文学意识促进英语语言教学当代英美文学的存在主义解读Interpreting Contemporary British and American Literature From the Angle of Existentialism奈保尔的旁观者写作视角与象征写作手法Onlooker's Perspective and Symbolism ofV.S .Naipaul's Writing福克纳小说中象征隐喻手法微探On the Skill of Symbolic Metaphor in Faulkner' Novels詹姆斯·乔伊斯作品中象征主义手法的运用有组织的混乱,制度化了的疯狂——透视《第二十二条军规》的写作手法Organized disorder and the systemized chaotic society试析《这里的黎明静悄悄》小说的写作手法中国象征派诗歌与西方象征主义之关系浅探Relation between Chinese Symbolic Poetry and the Western Symbolism战争的棋子——茨威格笔下受战争戕害的人物分析The Chess of the War——The Analysis of the Victim in the War from Zweig沉重的背叛——《生命中不能承受之轻》主人公萨宾娜人物分析The oppressive betrayal——The character analysis of the heroine, Sabina, in The Unbearable Lightness of Being Hester and Dimmesdale’s Attitudes towards Love and life in The Scarlet Letter论《红字》中海斯特和丁梅斯代尔对爱情、罪恶、生活的态度On Sister Carrie’s Criticism upon American SocietyOn Scarlett’s Attitude towards Life关于斯佳丽的生活观On the Characterization of Picaresque Huck论哈克的流浪汉形象On the Moral Spirit in the Great Gatsby.论《了不起的盖茨比》中的道德观Thomas Hardy’s Pessimism in Tess of the D’urbervellesA Study of Tom Joad in the Grapes of Wrath《愤怒的葡萄》的中汤姆•约德研究Mark Twain’s Linguistic Style in The Adventures of Tom SawyerOn the Characteristics of Uncle Tom汤姆叔叔的性格分析A Study of the Themes in a Farewell to ArmsThe Tragic Fate of “a Pure Woman”in the Conflict of the Individual and the Society“一个纯洁女人”在人与社会发展冲突中的悲剧命运On the Language Style of a Midsummer-Night's Dream论《仲夏夜之梦》的语言风格The Social Significance of Swift's Gulliver's TravelsThe Psychological Analysis in Macbeth论莎士比亚《麦克白》的心理刻画Inflexible Ada in Cold Mountain《冷山》中执著的艾达On the Romanticism and Realism of Alice in Wonderland论爱丽丝梦游仙境的童话性与现实性On the Tragicomedy of Rebecca in Vanity Fair论《名利场》中利蓓加的悲喜一生On the Humour of Oliver Twist英美文学论文题目1. A Study of The Gift of Magi2. A Brief Comment on An American Tragedy3.On Motif of The Call of the World4.Love Tragedy and War—An Analysis of A Farewell to Arms5. A Study of Sister Carrie6.The Evil of Mankind Portrayed in Moby Dick7.On Henry Heming in The Red Badge of Courage8.Emily Dickinson and her Poems9.Analysis of A Rose of Emily10.Analysis of the theme of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn11.On the symbolism of The Old Men and the Sea12.The Language of Shakespeare’s Sonnets13.Deep Love And Deep Hatred—A Brief Analysis of Wuthering Heights14.Psychological Descriptions In Hemingway’s The Snows Of Kilimajaro15.On Ernest Hemingway And His Novel The Sun Also Rises16.The Literature Characteristics in A Tale of Two Cities17.On the Symbolism of D.H. Lawrence’s The Rainbow18.Love and Loss in Alfred, Lord Tennyson’s Poetry19.How Emily Dickinson’s Lyrics Resemble Hymn20.The Humor of Robert Frost21.Folk Elements in the Poetry of Langston Hughes22.John Keats’s Sensuous Imagery23.The Vocabulary of Music in Poems of Wallace Stevens24.Non-free Verse: Patterns of Sound in three Poems of William Carlos Williamsngston Hughes, Gwendolyn Brooks, and Dudley Randall as Prophets of Social Chang26.What It Is to Be a Woman: The Special Knowledge of Sylvia Plath,Anne Sexton, andAdrienne Rich27.Popular Culture as Reflected in the Poetry of Wendy Cope, Michael B. Stillman, Gene Fehler,and Charles Martin28.The Complex Relations Between Fathers and Sons in the Poetry of Robert Hayden, AndrewHudgins, and Robert Philips29.Making up New Words for New Meanings: Neologisms in Lewis Carroli and Kay Ryan30. A Brief Analysis of the Heroine Personality in Jane Eyre 《简爱》的主人翁个性分析31. A Brief Comment on O’Henry Short Stories 亨利的短篇小说述评32. A Comment on Hardy’s Fatalism 评哈代的宿命论33. A Comparison between the Themes of Pilgrimage to the West and Pilgrim’s Progress 《西游记》与《天路历程》主题的比较34. A Probe into the Feminist Idea of Jane Eyre 《简爱》男女平等思想的探索35. A Study of Native American Literature 美国本土文学的研究36. About the Breaking of American Dream from the Great Gatsby 从《了不起的盖茨比》看美国梦的破碎37. Humor and Satire in Pride and Prejudice 《傲慢与偏见》的幽默与讽刺38.Influence of Mark Twain’s Works in China 马克吐温的作品在中国的影响39.Love Tragedy and War—An Analysis of A Farewell to Arms40.Sister Carrie and Jennie Gerhardt41.The Evil of Mankind Portayed in Moby Dick42.On Henry Heming in The Red Badge of Courage43.Emily Dickingson and her Poems44.Analy sis of “A Rose of Emily”45.The Aesthetic Interpretation of Ezra Pound's Poetry46.Symbolism in The Great Gatsby47.an Analysis of the theme of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn48.On the symbolism of The Old Men and the Sea49.Cultural Shocks in the English Language Textbooks50.Deep Love And Deep Hate—A Brief Analysis On Wuthering Heights51.Psychological Descriptions In Hemingway’s The Snows Of Kilimajaro52.On Ernest Hemingway And His Novel The Sun Also Rises53.Difference Between China And The West Reflected In Social Manners54.First Love, Lost Love in George Eliot’s Adam Bede55.鸟的赞歌--------评英国浪漫派诗歌56.《呼啸山庄》的悲剧分析57.海明威英汉形象和冰山风格58.《名利场》的现实意义59.苔丝的形象分析60.哈姆雷特的犹豫再探讨61.爱伦坡小说的艺术创作成就62.爱伦坡小说人物塑造63.O Neill剧作对美国戏剧的影响64.华兹华斯的语言风格65.华兹华斯的自然观66.诗人哈代67.简述哈代的悲剧性叙事艺术On Hardy's tragedy narrative art68.奥斯丁与勃朗特写作风格异同The comparison between Austen and Bronte in writing style69.杰克·伦敦(或某作家)《》(某作品)评述On Farewell to Arms of Hemingway70.浅析《失乐园》中撒旦的形象塑造71.《还乡》的悲剧艺术特色72.蓓基形象再解读73.蘩漪与伯莎梅森的比较研究74.爱玛形象的魅力75.海明威研究——浅析海明威笔下的女硬汉子76.《苔丝》的悲剧性与现代性Tragedy and Modernity in Tess of D’Urbervilles77.华兹华斯诗歌的和谐观On the View of Harmony in Wordsworth’s Poetry78.海明威小说的悲剧意识79.从《老人与海》看海明威的创作特点80.《红色英勇勋章》的叙述技巧分析81.论《白鲸》的象征含义82.论吴尔夫的《1间自己的房间》中的女权主义83.论简。
英语作文最难忘的一节
In the realm of educational experiences,there are moments that stand out as particularly memorable.One such unforgettable class was an English literature session that took place during my high school years.It was not just a lesson it was an experience that transcended the ordinary and left a lasting impression on me.The class began with our teacher,Mrs.Thompson,entering the room with a stack of books and an air of excitement that was palpable.She announced that we would be exploring the world of William Shakespeare,a playwright whose works have stood the test of time.The anticipation in the room was electric as we all knew that Shakespeares plays were not only complex but also rich in language and emotion.The first part of the class was a brief lecture on the historical context of Shakespeares era, which helped us understand the societal norms and values that influenced his writing. Mrs.Thompsons passion for the subject was infectious,and her storytelling skills brought the Elizabethan era to life in a way that textbooks never could.Following the lecture,we delved into the text of Romeo and Juliet,one of Shakespeares most famous tragedies.Mrs.Thompson encouraged us to read aloud,emphasizing the importance of rhythm and intonation in conveying the emotions of the characters.As we read,she provided insightful commentary,explaining the nuances of the language and the deeper meanings behind the dialogue.The highlight of the class was when Mrs.Thompson decided to transform the classroom into the setting of the play.She assigned roles to each student,and we were all given a chance to act out scenes from the play.The room was rearranged to represent the Capulets ballroom,and we were encouraged to embody the characters we were portraying.The transformation was magical.We were no longer just students in a classroom we were the starcrossed lovers,the feuding families,and the concerned friends.The energy in the room was intense,and the passion with which we performed the scenes was a testament to the power of Shakespeares writing.As the class came to an end,Mrs.Thompson gathered us all together and asked us to reflect on the experience.We discussed the themes of love,fate,and the consequences of hatred that are central to the play.It was a profound moment of collective understanding, where we all realized the timeless relevance of Shakespeares work.That English literature class was not just about learning the language or the plot of a play it was about experiencing the depth of human emotions and the power of storytelling.Ittaught me that literature is not just a subject to be studied but a living,breathing art form that can connect us to the past and to each other.The memory of that class remains vivid in my mind,a reminder of the transformative power of education and the importance of engaging with literature in a way that goes beyond mere academic study.It was truly the most unforgettable English class I have ever had,and it continues to inspire me to this day.。
放牛班的春天电影介绍英文版
The Role of Music Elements in Movies
The integration of disciplinary and non disciplinary music to enhance emotional impact, with the form providing a realistic soundscape and the latter offering commentary and emotional guidance
The Weaving Maid
Cast as a rising starlet with a background in dance and commercial arts, she brings a unique physique and grace to the role Her performance style
Introduction to the Spring Movie of the Cowherd Class in English
目录
• Movie Background and Plot Introduction • Character Analysis and Actor Performance • Analysis of Film Audiovisual Language
Overview of the storyline
The protocol, a young colleague named Xiaoqiang, aims to leave the village and seek a better life in the city, but is consistently reminded of his low social status and lake of education
我学会了很多东西英语作文
Growing up, Ive always been a curious soul, eager to learn and absorb as much knowledge as I could. The journey of learning has been a winding road, filled with challenges, triumphs, and invaluable lessons that have shaped me into the person I am today.My educational journey began in the hallowed halls of my elementary school, where I was first introduced to the English language. It was a world of new sounds, words, and expressions that opened up a realm of possibilities. I remember the initial struggle with pronunciation and the frustration of not being able to express my thoughts fluently. But with persistence and practice, I gradually mastered the language, and it became a tool for me to communicate, learn, and explore the world around me.As I progressed to middle school, the complexity of subjects increased, and so did my curiosity. Science classes were a particular favorite of mine. The laws of physics, the mysteries of chemistry, and the wonders of biology fascinated me. I learned about the intricate dance of electrons, the building blocks of life, and the forces that shape our planet. These subjects not only expanded my knowledge but also sparked a deep appreciation for the natural world and the scientific method.High school brought a new set of challenges and opportunities. I delved deeper into literature, history, and social studies, gaining insights into the human experience and the tapestry of cultures that make up our global community. I learned about the resilience of the human spirit, the power of ideas, and the impact of historical events on the present. These lessons taught me empathy, critical thinking, and the importance of understandingdifferent perspectives.One of the most significant lessons Ive learned is the value of hard work and perseverance. Whether it was mastering a complex math problem, writing an essay, or preparing for a science experiment, Ive come to understand that success often requires patience, dedication, and a willingness to learn from mistakes. This lesson has been a guiding principle in my life, shaping my approach to both academics and personal challenges.Another important aspect of my learning journey has been the development of social skills. Through group projects, extracurricular activities, and interactions with peers, Ive learned the importance of teamwork, communication, and respect for diversity. These skills have not only enriched my school experience but have also prepared me for the collaborative nature of the modern workforce.Moreover, Ive learned the importance of selfreflection and personal growth. As Ive encountered setbacks and challenges, Ive come to understand the value of introspection and the need to continuously assess and improve myself. This has led me to develop a growth mindset, where I view challenges as opportunities for learning and selfimprovement.In addition to academic knowledge, Ive also learned valuable life skills. Time management, problemsolving, and effective communication are just a few of the skills Ive honed over the years. These skills have not only made me a better student but have also equipped me with the toolsnecessary to navigate the complexities of life.Furthermore, Ive learned the importance of balance. Between schoolwork, extracurricular activities, and personal life, its crucial to maintain a healthy balance to avoid burnout and ensure overall wellbeing. This lesson has taught me the value of selfcare and the need to prioritize my mental and physical health.Lastly, Ive learned the power of curiosity and the joy of lifelong learning. Whether its through formal education or selfdirected exploration, the pursuit of knowledge has been a constant source of inspiration and fulfillment. Ive come to understand that learning is not just about acquiring information but also about developing a deeper understanding of the world and our place in it.In conclusion, my journey of learning has been a rich and rewarding experience. It has not only equipped me with a wealth of knowledge and skills but has also shaped my character and worldview. As I look towards the future, I am excited to continue learning and growing, embracing new challenges and opportunities with an open mind and a curious spirit.。
A-Goodbye,FreeTrade【精选】
Unit 6Goodbye, Free Trade?By Douglas A. IrwinHigh tariffs and currency wars cost us big in the 1930s. We can avoid making the same mistakes again."In 1930, the Republican-controlled House of Representatives, in an effort to alleviate the effects of the Great Depression, passed the tariff bill, the Hawley-Smootraised tariffs. Did it work? It did not work, and the Unitedhistory, the humorist Dave Barry went a step further, with an amusing riff on Smoot-Hawley as "the most terrible and destructive event in the history of Mankind."Smoot-Hawley has become a reliable punch line because it is so regularly—and hyperbolically—invoked in the debate over trade, a debate that hasreignited recently as America's jobless recovery last month, the House of Representatives passed legislation aimed trade sanctions against China unless it allows its diminishing its exportadvantage. Days later,Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner policies that might intensify "short-term distortions in favor of exports."Indeed, by this past Thursday, the U.S. dollar had hit record lows against several currencies. The managing director of the Fund, which holdsits annual meeting in Washingtonof competitive currency devaluations, reminiscent of the Depression era.To exacerbate matters, American politicians of both parties, facing midterm elections in just a month, have found a useful talking point in charges of unfair trade.A newly released Wall Street Journal/NBC News poll found that 53% of the American public now believes that free-trade agreements have hurt the U.S., up from 46% three years ago and 32% in 1999.So is it 1929 all over again? Is America preparing to raise its economic drawbridges? Has the ghost of Smoot-Hawley returned?It helps to start with a clear-eyed view of Smoot-Hawley itself, which was just one of many mistakes committed by Depression-era policy-makers—and not the most consequential of them. If we want to avoid the sort of destructive, beggar-thy-neighbor trade wars that contributed to bringing down the world economy in the 1930s, we have to draw the right lessons from this chapter of our history.In his famous 1993 debate with Ross Perot over the North American Free Trade Agreement (Nafta), Vice President Al Gore claimed that Smoot-Hawley "was one of the principal causes, many economists say the principal cause, of the GreatDepression in this country and around the world."In fact, economists across the political spectrum reject this view. Previous tariff hikes, some even larger than Smoot-Hawley, had reduced trade and efficiency, but they didn't produce a macroeconomic catastrophe. When asked if Smoot-Hawley caused the Great Depression, the University of Chicago economist and Nobel laureate Milton Friedman replied: "No. I think the Smoot-Hawley tariff was a bad law. I think it did harm. But the Smoot-Hawley tariff by itself would not have made one-quarter of the labor force unemployed." As Mr. Friedman's own work showed, the money supply and domestic prices had fallen by a third during the Depression, largely because of a malfunctioning gold standard and inept monetary policy on the part of the Federal Reserve. These were the fundamental causes of the economic disaster.The Smoot-Hawley tariff did not have a huge macroeconomic impact because at the time it was enacted, unlike today, the U.S. was not very open to international trade. Total imports were just a small fraction of gross domestic product, and two-thirds offrom the tariff. In 1929, dutiablethe average tax on them 45%. A tax increase of this size on 1.4% of GDP is not enough, by itself, to generate an enormous economic contraction.That said, the Smoot-Hawley tariff fully deserves its notoriety. It was an ill-timed and ill-judged piece of legislation that backfired spectacularly.In the first place, it was completely unnecessary. When the legislation was introduced, the unemployment rate was low, and imports were hardly flooding into the U.S. The House passed the bill in May 1929, well before the peak of the business cycle and the stock-market crash.If Smoot-Hawley lacked any good economic rationale, what motivated Congress to embrace this protectionist measure? The answer, of course, is politics—and here the lessons for today are especially pertinent.The tariff was originally proposed to help American farmers, who experienced a long downturn after enjoying high prices during the boom years of World War I. Low farm prices led to severe financial distress and mortgage defaults. Congress's first reaction was to pass agricultural price supports to boost farm income, but President Calvin Coolidge twice vetoed this legislation.In order to appear as if it were doing something to helphigher import duties. The problem was that most farmers, particularly of received. Higher tariffs on the trivial amount of imports they faced did nothing for them. Rep. Carroll Beedy of Maine insisted that "the inadequately protected American potato is a nationwide issue," even though imports represented just 1.4% of domestic potato consumption.Worse, Congress failed to confine the new tariff to agricultural goods. Logrolling coalitions led to higher duties on all manner of imports. Sen.Reed Smoot of Utah even demanded an import ban on what he viewed as obscene books, such as D.H.Lawrence's "Lady Chatterley's Lover." This led to the classic newspaper headline: "arcane matters as the precise tariff to be zinc. But in their effort to please domestic interests, the lawmakers overlooked one thing: the international reaction and its impact on American exports.Our trading partners were incensed that the world's richest country would throw roadblocks in the way of their ability to earn the dollars they needed to pay back debtsand make World War I reparation payments. Canada, America's largest export market, erected discriminatory tariffs against U.S. goods and essentially handed its market over to our British competitors. A few American jobs may have been created by blocking imports, but many more were lost as the foreign demand for our goods dried up.Any historical analogy can be taken too far. In this case, it would be a mistake tohighly unlikely mindset. The country is much than it was then, and it is widely disruptions more costly. We seem to have learned some lessons from history.In the first seldom achieve their intended goals.farmers. Though some still claim that trade sanctions jobs in the U.S., the more likely effect would be to send those jobs to other developing countries with low wages. The Obama administration's punitive tariff on cheap tires from China, imposed late last year, has had no impact on domestic tire production and employment. The chief beneficiaries have been tire producers in Thailand and South Korea, whose exports toMore important, we have learned the possibility ofideologyincreasingly assertive nationalism. It will not sit quietly if it istrade restrictions. Indeed, recently imposed Chinese duties on American poultry are widely thought to be payback for the Obama administration's tire tariff. This makes using trade sanctions against China a risky strategy.The Smoot-Hawley episode remains an important cautionary tale. But there are other, more subtle lessons to draw from the mistakes of the Great Depression, and they are even more relevant to the problems we face today.The defining moment for trade policy in the Depression era was not when President Herbert Hoover signed the ill-conceived tariff in June 1930, but when several countries abandoned the gold standard and others did not in September 1931. That divergence triggered a trade war, as countries that remained on the gold standard began restricting imports from countries that allowed their currencies to depreciate.In research that I've done with Barry Eichengreen of the University of California, Berkeley, we found that, during the 1930s, countries used expansionarypolicy and trade protectionismeconomy, they imposed higher tariffs, import quotas to restrict imports. These import barriers were an utter failure in jump-starting their economies. As a result, these countries suffered a protracted depression.countries that gold standard and allowed theirdid not have protectionist trade measures. They used monetary policy to end the crippling deflation and restore economic growth. Moreover, unlike trade restrictions, currency depreciation was not a beggar-thy-neighbor policy. Because the underlying monetary expansion boosted growth, it actually helped neighboring countries. Imports by countries with depreciated currencies grew much faster than imports by countries that maintained their gold parity.It is here that we find the crucial link to our current situation, with the loominga trade war over currency values. If all major central banks were toforeign exchange markets to drive down the value of their ownin changing nominal exchange rates, but it would be equivalent to a world-wide easing of monetary policy. A more relaxed monetary stance was critical to ending the Depression in the 1930s. Had it beenexchange rates did not change abruptly, protectionism could have beenOn the other hand, if some countries rightlyaccused of doing, with other countries nominalwhen purchased with dollars or euros. The experience of the 1930s shows that this sort of situation breeds trade disputes and can trigger a protectionist response.So what can be done to discourage the U.S. from retaliating against countries that push down the value of their own currencies? The most important tool for resisting protectionist sentiment in the 1930s was a monetary policy that promoted economic growth. Such policies worked during that era, when prices were falling and unemployment was unusually high, and the situation is similar today, if not as extreme. If fears of deflation were to subside and employment were to expand more rapidly, the pressure for a protectionist response from Washington would dissipate. When the economy is performing well, currency disputes become background noise.The great concern is that an expansionary monetary policy will lead to uncontrolled inflation, destroying faith in the dollar. Similar sentiments were expressed in the 1930s by advocates of "sound money" who opposed going off the gold standard. Such fears may be justified in ordinary times of full employment, but when there is considerable slack in the economy and unemployment remains high, monetary policy can help to raise output before it leads to higher prices.Today, American policy makers should focus their attention not on China but on our own Federal Reserve. There has been a very public debate recently among the presidents of the Federal Reserve banks over the future course of policy and whether additional steps to ease monetary policy are warranted. Sentiment now seems to be infavor of a new round of "quantitative easing"—that is, of increasing the money supply. As Charles Evans, the president of the Chicago Fed told the Journal this week,makes him favor "much more [monetary] accommodationAt a time of enormous excess capacity in the economy andinflation, additional measures by the Fed to stimulate growth should be condoned, not condemned.I suspect that even Milton Friedman would have approved. In the 1990s, Japan was in a situation similar to the one now faced by the U.S.: no inflation (or deflation in the case of Japan) and lackluster growth after the bursting of a real estate bubble. Writing about Japan in 1997, Mr. Friedman observed: "The surest road to a healthy economic recovery is to increase the rate of monetary growth, tomoney to easier moneythe golden 1980s but without again overdoing it."Right now, Congress is to blame other countries for our jobless recovery. If , it would not only help the economy,but also help to protectionist measures that could do lasting economic damage.—Douglas A. Irwin, a professor of economics at Dartmouth College, is the author of "Peddling Protectionism: Smoot-Hawley and the Great Depression," to be published in February, and "Trade Policy Disaster: Lessons from the 1930s," to be published next fall.OCTOBER 9, 2010 WSJ （2217 wds）语言特色：词汇的词性转换low----lows/ high---highsrich/poor知识探索：美国FedGlossarytariff n. 关税bill n. 议案（提交议会讨论的法律草案）alleviate vt. 减轻，缓和riff n. 【美俚】（夸张的）即兴谈话punch n. 争斗，打斗hyperbolically adv. 夸张地invoke vt.引起，造成，产生reignite vt. 重新激起；重新点燃distortion n. 曲解，歪曲，扭曲reminiscent adj. 引起联想的，提示的exacerbate vt. 恶化，加重drawbridge n. 吊桥catastrophe n. 灾祸，灾难malfunctioning adj. 失灵的，失误的inept adj. 不适宜的dutiable adj. 应缴税的notoriety n. 声名狼藉legislation n. 立法，法律backfire vt. 发生意外, 产生事与愿违的后果spectacularly adv. 非常地rationale n. 原理；理由；逻辑依据protectionist adj. 贸易保护主义者pertinent adj. 有关的；中肯的default n. 违约，拖欠veto vt. 否决logrolling n. 互相吹捧；西方政客间互相投赞成票以通过彼此都有利的提案coalition n. 联合，联盟obscene adj. 淫秽的；下流的arcane adj. 少有人懂的，晦涩难解的；秘密的zinc n. 锌incense vt. 激怒reparation n. 赔款discriminatory adj. 歧视的，差别对待的analogy n. 类比sentiment n. 情绪disruption n. 混乱；中断punitive adj. 惩罚性的retaliation n. 报复，反击assertive adj. 坚定的poultry n. 家禽episode n. 事件；插曲cautionary adj. 警告的，告诫的ill-conceived adj. 考虑不周的divergence n. 分歧depreciate v. 贬值，跌价expansionary adj. （政策，行动）扩张性的jump-start vt. 起动，发动protracted adj. 持久的depression n. 经济大萧条parity n. 平价（指不同货币的法定汇率相等）nominal adj. 名义上的unilaterally ad. 单方面地subside vt. 减轻，平息dissipate vi. 消失warrant vt. 证明正当或必要accommodation n. 调节，调和；适应，顺应condone vt. 批准，同意lackluster adj. 暗淡，无生气的Phrases1.sink into 深深陷入Don't allow yourself to sink deep into grief.He sank all his savings into the firm.2.drag on 拖延The negotiation dragged on until May.The hours dragged on3.direct sth. at 旨在于，针对His poems were directed at the enemy.The system is directed at providing help for old people.4.warn against 告诫，当心，提防The company has been warned against bankruptcy.We were warned against adopting the proposal.5.be exempt from 使免除，免于These commodities are exempt from taxes.She was exempt from paying tax.exempt也常用作动词：exempt …… from, 如：exempt all degree candidates from the tough-to-crack National Eligibility Testexempt the disabled from military service6. opt for 选择They opt for more holidays instead of more pay.Consumers will opt for low-priced goods.7. on end 连续地，不断地For years on end, she lives alone.Sometim es they’ll be gone for days on end.8. strike back 反击，回击He struck back at critics who claim he is too negative.I hit him and he struck back.9. revert back to 回复到，回归Critics say that Olympics need to revert back to non-professional playersAfter 80 years as a school, the building has reverted back to being a house again.10. integrate sth. into 使结合，使合并Transport planning should be integrated with energy policy.We should integrate the new management idea into the old corporate culture.11. end up doing (以…)结束; 最终成为〔变得〕The old man ends up going broke.I ended up drinking and listening to loud music on the New Y ear’s Eve with acouple of friends.12. take sth. into account 考虑The final results must be taken into consideration.The president has taken the financial state of the company into account before taking measures.13. give way to 让步，让路He was not a man to give way to this kind of pressure.At last he gave way to the new policy.14. cling to 依靠，坚持cling to a belief, an opinion, a theoryShe clung to the hope that he was still alive.15. take hold of 紧紧抓住Please take hold of the rope.We will take hold of this good opportunity.16. by contrast 对比，相比She had almost failed the exam, but her sister, by contrast, had done very well.Demand for biofuel feedstocks(生物燃料原料), by contrast, is soaring.17. resort to 求助于，诉诸于resort to violence，deception，trickeryIf negotiations fail we shall have to resort to strike action.18. intervene on 就…干预The authority has decided to intervene on the pipeline project.Why does the government try to intervene on what we want to eat? 19．Keep… at bay 控制住，使陷入困境keep inflation/ infectious disease/ one’s emotions at bayMedical experts say that exercising helps keep stress at bay.请注意该短语还有另外一个常用的意义：不让…靠近例如：He is trying his best to keep his creditors at bay.A thick wall keeps the noise at bay.20. follow suit 效仿Should this happen, other countries will certainly follow suit.The highly-anticipated IPO of this company could signal the start of more similar internet companies following suit.21.put sth. in place. 已到位；推出The laws were put in place in 1992 in an effort to quell a civil war.Heightened security measures are being put in place at all Indian airports.该短语的原意：把…放在合适的位置，如：Please put all the books in place on the shelf after you finish reading them.The documents are not put in the right place.另要注意另一类似的短语：put sb. in his place 使某人安分，煞某人的气焰例如：The boss put him in his place with just a glance.I soon put the troublemaker in his place.22. prevail in 普遍存在，流行Human resources management is indispensable guaranty for all kinds of professions which prevail in the market emulation.Barbaric customs still prevail in the mountainous area in the country.23. be geared up to do sth. 准备好…, 憋足劲…The company is geared up for the big export drive.I am all geared up to go on holiday.24．fend off 抵挡The Association is in the unique position to fend off export demand to ensure the supplies for the home market.He tried to fend off the questions raised by the newsman.Special T ermscurrency war 货币战争trade sanction 贸易制裁export advantage 出口优势currency policy 货币政策competitive currency devaluation 有竞争力的货币贬值unfair trade 不公平贸易trade war 贸易战争monetary policy 货币政策business cycle 商业周期trading partner 贸易伙伴import restriction 进口限制trade protectionism 贸易保护主义import quotas 进口配额exchange controls 外汇管理import barriers 进口壁垒price deflation 通货紧缩trade restrictions 贸易限制currency depreciation 货币贬值foreign exchange market 外汇市场exchange rate 汇率quantitative easing 量化宽松money supply 货币供应量excess capacity 超额生产能力real estate 房地产Notes1. Republican Party （美国）共和党It is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Democratic Party. Founded by anti-slavery expansion activists in 1854, it is often called the Grand Old Party (GOP). The party's platform generally reflects American conservatism in the U.S. political spectrum and is considered center-right, in contrast to the more liberal-leaning Democrats.2. House of Representatives （美国）众议院It is one of the two Houses of the United States Congress, the bicameral legislature which also includes the Senate. The composition and powers of the House are established in Article One of the Constitution. The major power of the House is to pass federal legislation that affects the entire country, although its bills must also be passed by the Senate and further agreed to by the President before becoming law (unless both the House and Senate re-pass the legislation with a two-thirds majority in each chamber).3. Great Depression （经济）大萧条A worldwide economic downturn that began in 1929 and lasted until about 1939. It was the longest and most severe depression ever experienced by the industrialized Western world, sparking fundamental changes in economic institutions, macroeconomic policy, and economic theory. The Great Depression caused drastic declines in output, severe unemployment, and acute deflation in almost every country of the world.4. Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act 《霍利一斯穆特关税法》It is also called Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act, U.S. legislation (June 17, 1930) that raised import duties to protect American businesses and farmers, adding considerable strain to the international economic climate of the Great Depression. The act takes its name from its chief sponsors, Senator Reed Smoot of Utah, chairman of the Senate Finance Committee, and Representative Willis Hawley of Oregon, chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee. It was the last legislation under which the U.S. Congress set actual tariff rates.5. Dave Barry 戴夫·巴里David "Dave" Barry (born July 3, 1947) is a Pulitzer Prize-winning American author and columnist, who wrote a nationally syndicated humor column for The Miami Herald from 1983 to 2005. He has also written numerous books of humor and parody, as well as comedic novels.6. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner （美国）财政部长蒂莫西·盖特纳Timothy Franz Geithner is an American economist, banker, and civil servant. He is the 75th and current United States Secretary of the Treasury, serving under President Barack Obama. He was previously the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.7. Wall Street Journal 《华尔街日报》The Wall Street Journal is an American English-language international daily newspaper published by Dow Jones & Company, a division of News Corporation, in New York City, with Asian and European editions. The Journal is the largest newspaper in the United States by circulation8. NBC 美国全国广播公司The National Broadcasting Company (NBC) is an American television network and former radio network headquartered in the GE Building in New Y ork City's Rockefeller Center with additional major offices in Burbank, California and Chicago, Illinois.9. beggar-thy-neighbor trade war 以邻为壑贸易战It is an expression in economics describing policy that seeks benefits for one country at the expense of others. Such policies attempt to remedy the economic problems in one country by means which tend to worsen the problems of other countries.10. Ross Perot 罗斯佩罗Henry Ross Perot is an American businessman best known for running for President of the United States in 1992 and 1996.11. North American Free Trade Agreement (Nafta) 北美自由贸易协定It is an agreement signed by the governments of Canada, Mexico, and the United States, creating a trilateral trade bloc in North America. The agreement came into force on January 1, 1994. It superseded the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement between the U.S. and Canada.12. V ice President Al Gore （美国）前副总统阿尔·戈尔Al Gore served as the 45th Vice President of the United States from 1993 to 2001 under President Bill Clinton. He was the Democratic Party nominee for President in the 2000 U.S. presidential election. Gore is currently an author, businessman, and environmental activist.13. University of Chicago 芝加哥大学This is a private, research university in Chicago, Illinois, USA. It was founded by the American Baptist Education Society with a donation from oil magnate and philanthropist John D. Rockefeller and incorporated in 1890.14. Nobel laureate Milton Friedman 诺贝尔经济学奖得主米尔顿·弗里德曼He was an American economist, statistician, a professor at the University of Chicago, and the recipient of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1976. He is best known for his theoretical and empirical research, especially consumption analysis, monetary history and theory, and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy15. gold standard 金本位制A monetary system committed by participating countries to fix the prices of their domestic currencies in terms of a specified amount of gold. National money and other forms of money (bank deposits and notes) were freely converted into gold at the fixed price.16. Federal Reserve 美国联邦储备委员Fed is the central bank of the United States. The Federal Reserve was created on December 23, 1913, with the signing of the Federal Reserve Act by President Woodrow Wilson. It was created by Congress to provide the nation with a safer, more flexible, and more stable monetary and financial system. Over the years, its role has evolved and expanded.17. stock-market crash 股票市场崩溃It refers to the 1929 stock-market crash. Stock market crash is whenever the stock market, usually the Dow Jones Industrial A verage, loses several hundred points in one day. The worst crash was ―Black Thursday‖ which kicked off the Great Depression. On October 24, 1929, 12.9 million shares of stock were sold in one day, triple the normal amount. Share prices fell 15 - 20%, causing a stock market crash.18. President Calvin Coolidge 美国总统卡尔文·库利奇He was the 30th President of the United States (1923–1929). A Republican lawyer from Vermont, Coolidge worked his way up the ladder of Massachusetts state politics, eventually becoming governor of that state. He was elected as the 29th Vice President in 1920 and succeeded to the Presidency upon the sudden death of Warren G. Harding in 1923. Elected in his own right in 1924, he gained a reputation as a small-government conservative, and also as a man who said very little.19. Rep. （美国）众议员（Representative的缩写）20. Maine 缅因州Maine is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Maine is the northern and easternmost portion of New England. It is known for its scenery—its jagged, mostly rocky coastline, its low, rolling mountains, and its heavily forested interior—as well as for its seafood cuisine, especially lobsters and clams.21. Logrolling coalition 滚木/选票互助联盟A practice common in the U.S. Congress and in many other legislative assemblies in which two (or more) legislators agree for each to trade his vote on one bill he cares little about in exchange for the other's vote on a bill that is personally much more important to him. Local projects such as Federally funded dams, bridges, highways, housing projects, VA hospitals, job-training centers, military bases and the like are often pushed through by logrolling.22. Sen. （美国）参议员（Senator的缩写）U.S. Senators are members of the Senate, one of two parts of the United States Congress (The House of Representatives being the other). The citizens of each state elect two Senators to serve 6 years terms. The Senate as a whole has many duties and responsibilit ies. Some of these include writing and passing laws, approving many presidential appointments, and ratifying treaties with other countries. In addition, individual Senators play many roles. These roles include being official members of the government, representing the people that elected them, and being members of a political party.23. Utah 犹他州Utah is a western state of the United States. It was the 45th state admitted to the Union, on January 4, 1896. Approximately 80% of Utah's 2,763,885 people live along the Wasatch Front, centering on Salt Lake City. The state is a center of transportation, information technology and research, government services, mining, and a major tourist destination for outdoor recreation.24. D.H. Lawrence's "Lady Chatterley's Lover 劳伦斯的小说《查泰莱夫人的情人》David Herbert Richards Lawrence was an English novelist, poet, playwright, essayist and literary dy Chatterley's Lover was first published in 1928. The story is said to have originated from events in Lawrence's own unhappy domestic life, and he took inspiration for the settings of the book from Eastwood in Nottinghamshire where he grew up.25. Smoot Smites SmutSmoot refers to Senator Reed Smoot. Senator Smoot (Republican, Ut.) is planning a ban on smut. This is the opening para. of Ogden Nash's 1931 poem on Sen. Reed Smoot whose anti-porn stance led to a newspaper headline "Smoot Smites Smut".26. President Herbert Hoover 美国总统赫伯特·胡佛Herbert Hoover (1874-1964), America's 31st president, took office in 1929, the year the U.S. economy plummeted into the Great Depression. As the Depression deepened, Hoover failed to。
论《红楼梦》杨宪益英译英译本中诗歌的翻译补偿策略
论《红楼梦》杨宪益英译英译本中诗歌的翻译补偿策略摘要由于众多因素对翻译活动的影响, 损失在翻译过程中是不可避免的。
可以说, 翻译损失从翻译活动存在时就一直与翻译相伴。
但事实并非如此, 翻译补偿研究并没有得到应有的重视,还有很多领域有待探讨。
直到 20 世纪八十年代,译界才开始认真对待翻译补偿。
国内外的学者夏廷德, 尤金? 奈达, 乔治? 斯坦纳等提出了自己的翻译补偿理论,大多以翻译对等作为翻译宗旨,把补偿看做是一种翻译技巧。
由杨宪益和戴乃迭夫妇完成的《红楼梦》英译本得到了国内外诸多学者的广泛关注和肯定。
本文在国内外翻译补偿理论研究成果的基础上, 精选部分诗歌, 试探索了译者在诗歌翻译过程中在词汇、语篇和审美三个层面所采取的翻译补偿策略。
词汇层面主要采用了增益, 具体化, 概括化, 省略和加注的方法。
语篇层面上主要通过添加逻辑连接词和人称代词的方法来实现翻译的补偿。
审美层面上,本文主要从诗歌的押韵和其英译来分析。
关键词 :翻译补偿; 诗歌; 《红楼梦》iAbstractDue to various factors that imposed on translation activity, loss of translation isinevitable in translation process. Translation losses go with translation when the translationactivities exist. However, the fact is that translation compensation research doesn’t get itsdue attention and many areas of it remain to be carefully probed into. It is not until the1980s that translation compensation is regarded seriously. Scholars at home and abroadsuch as Xia Tingde, Eugene Nida, George Steiner and others elaborate on translationcompensationThe English version of A Dream of Red Mansions translated by Yang Xianyi and hiswife Gladys Yang is widely and greatly praised by numerous scholars both at home andabroad. The author selects the poems based on the known translation compensation theory;and endeavors to explore strategies of compensation adopted by the translator at lexical 、discourse and aesthetic levelsFive compensation strategies amplification, specification, generalization, omissionand annotation are used in lexical levelCompensation at discourse level is realized byadding logical conjunctives and person deixis. In aesthetic level, this thesis is mainlyanalyzed from the rhyme of poems and its translation textKey Words: translation compensation; poems; A Dream of Red Mansions ii广西师范学院硕士学位论文论《红楼梦》杨宪益英译本中诗歌的翻译补偿策略ContentsAbstract in ChineseiAbstract in English iiChapter 1 Introduction11.1 Significance of the Present Research11.2 Purpose of the Present Research.11.3 Framework of the Thesis2Chapter 2 Literature Review32.1 The Definition of Translation Compensation.32.2 Previous Studies on Translation Compensation32.2.1 Translation Compensation Studies Abroad42.2.2 Translation Compensation Studies in China..9Chapter 3 Theoretical Framework. 143.1 Classifications of Compensation143.2 Principles of Translation Compensation 15Chapter 4 Compensation Strategies Adopted in the Translation of Poems in ADream of Red Mansions. 184.1 Compensation at the Lexical Level. 184.1.1 Amplification. 184.1.2 Specification 204.1.3 Generalization. 204.1.4 Omission224.1.5 Annotation within Text 25广西师范学院硕士学位论文论《红楼梦》杨宪益英译本中诗歌的翻译补偿策略4.1.6 Annotation outside Text314.2 Compensation at the Discourse Level. 314.2.1 Logical Conjunction. 324.2.2 Person Deixis 334.3 Compensation at the Aesthetic Level 38Chapter 5 Conclusion. 41Bibliography 44Paper Published During the Study for M. A. Degree 47Acknowledgements48 广西师范学院硕士学位论文论《红楼梦》杨宪益英译本中诗歌的翻译补偿策略Chapter 1 Introduction1.1 Significance of the Present ResearchA Dream of Red Mansions, written by Cao Xueqin, is a great work with high ideologythand artistry, and it is also one of the most famous classics in China in the middle of the 18century. It is an encyclopedia that reveals different aspects of ancient Chinese feudalsociety. There are about more than 230 various poems which covers 50% of the wholenovel. The distinctive feature of this work lies in these poems that adds artistic charm on,which becomes a big challenge to its translationMany translators have come under this novel’s spell and embarked on their translationof it. The English version A Dream of Red Mansions translated by Yang Xianyi and hiswife Gladys has aroused tremendous attention around the world. Moreand moreresearches have been made about translation compensation strategies and great numbers ofbooks, articles and theses about the study of poems in A Dream of Red Mansions have alsobeen published, but this thesis is one of the first studies in the analysis of compensationstrategies for the translation of poems in Yang Xianyi’s version of A Dream of RedMansions1.2 Purpose of the Present ResearchThis thesis is an attempt at analysis of compensation for the translation of Chinesepoems in A Dream of Red Mansions. To be more specific, the purpose of this study is toexplore how translation compensation is realized when the translator Yang Xianyi andGladys are confronted with poems in A Dream of Red Mansions. And the author tries tomake some contribution to the development and improvement of translation compensation1广西师范学院硕士学位论文论《红楼梦》杨宪益英译本中诗歌的翻译补偿策略theoryThis thesis aims to probe into translation compensation from three levels: the lexicallevel 、 discourse level and aesthetic level in terms of strategies of compensation. In addition,the principles of compensation should be followed during the process of employingcompensation1.3 Framework of the ThesisThis thesis is composed of five chapters. Chapter One, the author will make anintroduction, including purpose of the present research, significance of the present researchand preview of each chapter. Chapter Two will review the definition of translationcompensation and previous studies on translation compensation which will be detailedtalked from its development at home and abroad. Chapter Three is theoretical framework,classifications of compensation and principles of translation compensation will bediscussed respectively in this chapter. Compensation strategies adopted in translation ofpoems in A Dream of Red Mansions will be analyzed in Chapter Four; the author willdiscuss compensation strategies Yang Xianyi and Gladys adopted in translating the poemsfrom three levels: compensation at the lexical level 、 discourse level and aesthetic level, andcompensation at the lexical level and discourse level will be focused on. The last chapterserves as the conclusion, in which the author will summarize the whole thesis, includingmajor findings, implications and limitation of this thesis will also be presented 2广西师范学院硕士学位论文论《红楼梦》杨宪益英译本中诗歌的翻译补偿策略Chapter 2 Literature Review2.1 The Definition of Translation CompensationTranslation losses live along with emergence of translation activities due to thelinguistic and cultural differences, from this we can see that translation compensation andcompensation theory should begin quite early, however, this is not the truth. Although wehave achieved great success in translation research, the significance of translationcompensation has not been paid attention to. Compared with other translation studies, it isa marginal area in translation theory research. The results of study conducted by KeithHarvey shows that throughout the 1960s and 1970s, compensation, compensatory andcompensate for were used loosely as semi-technical terms in the literature Baker, 1998:38. It is not until 1980s that translation compensation has been defined more rigorously byscholars. Different scholars have different definitions about translation compensationAccording to Newmark 2001b: 90, “This compensation is said to occur when lossof meaning, sound effect, metaphor or pragmatic effect in one part of a sentence ascompensated in another part, or in a contiguous sente nce.” For Harvey 1995: 66,“Compensation is a technique which involves making up for the loss of a source textaffected by recreating a similar effect in the target text through means that are specific tothe target language or the text.” While Baker 2000: 78 holds adifferent view that “thiscompensation means that one may omit or play down a feature such as idiomaticity at thepoint where it occurs in the source text and introduce it elsewhere in the target text.”Hatim and Masor 2001: 239 regard tran slation compensation as “In translating, themaking good of some communicative loss by substituting equivalent effects”2.2 Previous Studies on Translation Compensation 3广西师范学院硕士学位论文论《红楼梦》杨宪益英译本中诗歌的翻译补偿策略2.2.1 Translation Compensation Studies Abroad2.2.1.1 Nida ’s View of CompensationNida, as the vanguard of modern translation theory, seldom talked aboutcompensation in his early translation works. In his most representative book Toward theScience of Translating 1964, he mentioned compensation when illustrating features ofwriting style. However, he referred to the universal features and strategies of loss inwriting style which didn’t deal directly with translation compensationAs more studies on linguistics and disciplines related to translation,Nida’s attention inits concern has been aroused. In Language, Culture and Translating 1993, he illustratedcompensation from the perspective of function while discussing functional equivalence,and put forward functional compensation strategies based on isomorphism. Compensationfor a lack of isomorphism can be regarded as a means of accurately representing themeaning of source text. For example, because of lack of close correspondence in figurativeexpressions, it is necessary to translate some figurative phrases in the source language bynon-figurative ones in the target language. However, if too many such figurative phrasesbecome non-figurative ones, much of impact of a passage will be lost, which is particularcritical for poetry. In order to compensate for such loss, it is significant to translate somenon-figurative phrases by figurative strategies. In this way, the balance with the originaltext can be obtained in some extentTherefore, we can summarize Nida’s studies on translatio n compensation as thefollowing three aspects: Firstly, compensation should be based on functional equivalence,which is to obtain functional equivalence by means of compensation for isomorphismSecondly, the same strategies can be used to compensate in different locations. Thirdly,equivalence of the whole can be realized by local compensation “Functional equivalence” is the basis of Nida’s translation theory which is concluded4广西师范学院硕士学位论文论《红楼梦》杨宪益英译本中诗歌的翻译补偿策略from the Bible translation. Therefore, he attaches more importance to functionalequivalence. Although he makes the statement about compensation, Nada takes metaphorof the loss of surface structure as an example to elaborate the process of compensationActually compensation for the loss of isomorphism involves abstract aspects in his deepstructure as well2.2.1.2 George Steiner ’s View of Compensation George Steiner is one of the contemporary translation scholars who have the mostprofound elaboration on translation compensation. His elaborationabout compensation canbe found in After Babel, which published in 1975. In this classical work, he gives anincisive statement about translation compensation from the perspective of philosophyAccording to Steiner 2001, he takes translation as a hermeneutic process that concludedby four steps and compensation is the last one. The four steps are trust, aggression, importand compensation. “Trust” is the first step, which means that the translator should have aninitiative trust to the original. “Aggression” is the second s tep, which originates fromHeidegger, who regards understanding process as movement and the thing that is onlybeing translated can come into authentic being. The next step is import, Steiner 2001:312-316 points out that “the assimilation of meaning an d form is not made in or into avacuum. The native semantic field is already extant and crowded. There are innumerableshadings of simulation and placement of the newly-acquired, ranging from a completedomestication; the other permanent strangeness and marginality of an artifact. Butwhatever the degree of naturalization’, the act of importation potentially dislocates orrelocates of the native structure”. In order to reduce the loss and regain the balance, thetranslator has to compensate for the loss, which is the forth step of translation activity,should be adopted. Steiner defines compensation from two aspects: First, the translatorcompensates the loss in translation; second, the translated text compensates for loss of thesource language due to difference of time and space. Steiner’s compensation theory can be5广西师范学院硕士学位论文论《红楼梦》杨宪益英译本中诗歌的翻译补偿策略summarized in the following aspects: the translation loss occurs throughout the wholeprocess of translation; aesthetic activity is the primary cause of translation loss;compensation should not be judged by the addition or reduction of the words; theconnections between source language and target langue are dialecticalFrom the above discussion, we can see that Steiner’s research on compensationconcludes process, cause, feature and demerit, which gives us significant inspiration andguidance for putting further and thorough study on translation loss, compensationstrategies and improve translation quality. However, Steiner mainly blames too muchtranslation loss on aesthetic subject despite insuperable linguistic and cultural barriers ofthe esthetic subject, i.e. the source text2.2.1.3 Newmark ’s View of CompensationNewmark claimed that puns, rhyme, slang, metaphor, pregnant words-all these can becompensated, if it worthy of the efforts-though sometimes it isn’t. While Newmark paysmore attention to text-type and function. He puts forward communicative translation andsemantic translation. Actually his ideas about compensation are based on text function. Inhis opinion, the limit of transitivity attributes to translation loss, and “compensation issaid to occur when loss of meaning, sound effect, metaphor or pragmatic effect in one partof the sentence is compensated in another part, or in a contiguous sentence”Newmark,2001a: 31Newmark’s compensation theory mainly involves the following three points: Firstly,from a macroscopic point, employment of compensation is determined by text-type andfunction; while from a microscopic point, compensation is determined by the value ofpotential target to be compensated, i.e. to ensure the rationality of compensation judged bywhether the loss is important or not in the context. Secondly, for the expressive text, thewriter should be kept at the central point, and respect the surface form of the source text;while for the vocative text, the reader is taken as core. Thirdly, there are seldom equivalent6广西师范学院硕士学位论文论《红楼梦》杨宪益英译本中诗歌的翻译补偿策略words between source language and target language. Therefore, in our translation, weshould keep the balance between translation economy and compensationNewmark lays his compensation theory on text-type and function, which makes thetranslator have definite purpose in mind and avoid the blindness and irrationality duringthe process of compensation. What’s more, Newmar k puts forward the contradictionbetween compensation and economy and the style of translated text, which is indeed worthconsidering carefully. But the scope of compensation for expressive text is relativelylimited2.2.1.4 Baker ’s View of CompensationMona Baker’s view of compensation mainly can be found in her work In Other Words:A Courseboook on Translation 2000, in which he talks about compensation forequivalence of lexeme and hyper-lexeme level. The compensation techniques that Bakerproposed aim to obtain translation equivalenceIn lexeme level, Baker thinks that there is often no equivalent in the target languagefor a particular form in the source text. In such a condition, there are “two choices fortranslators: their subtle contribution to the overall meaning of the text is either lostaltogether or recovered elsewhere by means of compensatory techniques” Baker, 2000:24. As for the hyper-lexeme level, Baker takes idiomaticity as an example. She suggeststhat the translators either omit or play down a feature at the point where it occurs in thesource text and introduce it elsewhere in the target text. Baker 2000: 78 argues that “thisstrategy is not restricted to idiomaticity or fixed expressions and may be used to make upfor any loss of meaning, emotional force, or stylistic effect which may not be possible toreproduce directly at a given point in the target text”2.2.1.5 Wilss ’s View of Compensation7广西师范学院硕士学位论文论《红楼梦》杨宪益英译本中诗歌的翻译补偿策略Wolfram Wilss is a well-known German translation scholar. Wilss 2001: 39-40thinks that the range of compensation strategies in any instance varies from one languagepair to another. What’s more, the question of relativetranslatability vs. untranslatabilityof the text has also played a significant role in the modern science of translationFor the untranslatability of culture, Wilss holds that can be resolved by compensationFor example, “adaption amounts to textual compensation for sociocultural differencesbetween the SL and the TL co mmunities” Wilss, 2001: 99. His compensation theory canbe summarized as the following three aspects: First, compensation should take both thesource text and target text into consideration to obtain communicative synchronizationSecondly, compensation range should be applied both microcontextually andmacrocontextually. Thirdly, the range of compensation strategies in any instance variesfrom one language pair to another. Fourthly, compensation is a reconstruction process ofdefinite semantic elements in the context at the sentence and discourse levelsIn all, Wilss puts more attention on communicativeness of text and doesn’t attachimportance to compensation for aesthetic elements andfunction2.2.1.6 Hatim and Mason ’s View of Compensation Hatim and Mason pay great attention to the communicative function of translation;Hatim and Mason 2001: 1 regard translation as “in creating a new act of communicationout of a previously existing one”, their central concern which can be found in Discourseand th e Translator: “tra。
victorian era 维多利亚时期介绍
The sun never sets
• “Russia and the North American plains is our corn, Chicago and Odessa is our granary, Canada and the Baltic Sea is our forests, our Australian sheep farms, Argentina and North American prairie to the west of our cattle grazing, and sent Peruvian silver, gold sent Australia and South Africa, India and China has provided us with tea, East Indies to provide us with coffee, sugar and spices. "
Caroline era (1625–1642)
Carolus
Georgian era (1714–1830)
The Circus, Bath, England.
Victorian era (1837–1901)
Queen Victoria
Edwardian era (1901–1910)
Edward vii england
30
25
20
16.8
15 8.2
10
5
0 1851
4.5 1901
England Ireland
year
Victorian
era
-----eVENTS
1837 Accession of Queen Victoria to the throne 1840 New Zealand becomes a British colony, through the Treaty of Waitangi. 1840 Queen Victoria marries Prince Albert 1840 Birth of the Queen's first child Victoria, Princess Royal ;Opium War 1841 Birth of Prince Albert Edward 1842 The Mines Act of 1842 banned women/children from working in coal, iron, lead and tin mining.The Illustrated London News was first published.
英语写新年决心的句式作文
As the clock struck midnight, the fireworks lit up the sky, and the world welcomed the New Year with open arms. It was a moment of reflection and anticipation, a time to look back on the year that had passed and to set new goals for the year ahead. This year, I decided to make a resolution that would not only be a testament to my personal growth but also a challenge to step out of my comfort zone.I will read at least one book a month, I declared to myself, standing amidst the revelry and the promise of a fresh start. This resolution was not just about the love for literature it was about expanding my horizons, understanding different perspectives, and cultivating a habit that could enrich my life in ways I couldnt yet imagine.The first month was a breeze. I chose a novel that had been on my toread list for agesa gripping tale of adventure and selfdiscovery. Each page turned was like a step into a new world, and I found myself eagerly looking forward to my daily reading sessions. The characters, the plot, the vivid descriptionsall of it was a feast for the mind.However, as the months rolled by, the challenge began to reveal its true colors. The initial excitement waned, and the routine of life started to encroach on my reading time. There were days when the last thing I wanted to do after a long day at school was to pick up a book. Yet, I reminded myself of my resolution and persevered.I began to explore different genres, from science fiction to biographies, from historical narratives to contemporary literature. Each book was ajourney, and with each journey, I learned something new about the world and about myself. I learned about resilience from the life of a famous scientist, about love and loss from a heartwrenching romance, and about the power of imagination from a fantasy epic.One of the most profound impacts of my resolution was the way it opened up conversations with my peers. Discussions about books became a common thread that connected us, sparking debates, sharing insights, and fostering a sense of community. It was fascinating to see how different interpretations of the same text could lead to such diverse perspectives.As the year progressed, I also noticed a change in my writing. The more I read, the more I began to appreciate the art of storytelling. My essays started to flow more naturally, and my vocabulary expanded, enriching my communication skills both in speech and in writing.By the end of the year, I had not only met my resolution but had also exceeded it. I had read more than twelve books, each one leaving an indelible mark on my soul. The resolution had become more than just a promise to myself it had become a part of my identity, a testament to my commitment to lifelong learning.Looking back, I realize that the New Years resolution was not just about reading books it was about embracing change, challenging myself, and growing as an individual. It taught me the importance of setting goals and the power of persistence in achieving them.As the New Year approaches once again, I find myself reflecting on the past years journey and setting new resolutions. This time, I am more determined than ever, not just to read more but to explore new interests, to take up new hobbies, and to continue the pursuit of knowledge and selfimprovement.In conclusion, a New Years resolution is not merely a statement of intent it is a commitment to change, a promise to oneself, and a stepping stone towards personal growth. It is a reminder that with every new year, we have the opportunity to become better versions of ourselves, to learn, to grow, and to make every moment count.。
高一英语文学作品的时代背景分析单选题30题
高一英语文学作品的时代背景分析单选题30题1.Which period does "Pride and Prejudice" mainly reflect?A.Medieval periodB.Renaissance periodC.Georgian periodD.Victorian period答案：C。
《傲慢与偏见》主要反映了英国乔治王朝时期的社会风貌。
中世纪时期主要是封建制度等特征，与《《傲慢与偏见》不符；文艺复兴时期强调人文主义等，也不是《《傲慢与偏见》的时代背景；维多利亚时期晚于《《傲慢与偏见》的创作时期。
乔治王朝时期社会等级分明、婚姻观念传统等与小说内容相契合。
2.In which era was "Oliver Twist" set?A.Elizabethan eraB.Industrial Revolution eraC.Enlightenment eraD.Romantic era答案：B。
《雾都孤儿》的背景是英国工业革命时期。
伊丽莎白时代早于《《雾都孤儿》创作时期；启蒙时代主要强调理性等，与《《雾都孤儿》背景不同；浪漫主义时代的特征与《《雾都孤儿》的社会现实风格不符。
工业革命时期社会贫富差距大、城市环境恶劣等与小说内容相符。
3."Jane Eyre" is set in which historical period?A.Regency periodB.Tudor periodC.Stuart periodD.Edwardian period答案：A。
《简·爱》的故事设定在英国摄政时期。
都铎时期、斯图亚特时期和爱德华时期都与《《简·爱》的创作背景不符。
摄政时期社会风气较为保守，女性地位受限等与小说情节相呼应。
4.Which time period is associated with "Wuthering Heights"?A.Gothic periodB.Norman Conquest periodC.Anglo-Saxon periodD.Restoration period答案：A。
The Great Depression 美国经济大萧条
Political consequences
• The crisis had many political consequences, among which was the abandonment of classic economic liberal approaches, which Roosevelt replaced in the U.S. with Keynesian policies. These policies magnified the role of the federal government in the national economy. Between 1933 and 1939, federal expenditure tripled, and Roosevelt's critics charged that he was turning America into a socialist state.The Great Depression was a main factor in the implementation of social demoncracy and planned economies in European countries after World War II. Although Australian economists had challenged Keynesianism since the 1920s, it was not until the 1970s, with the influence of Miton Friedman that the Keynesian approach was politically questioned.
The Great Depression
佐藤春夫的“忧郁”文学及其对西方文艺的接受
收稿日期：２０２３－０２－２１作者简介：孙天琪（１９８９－），女，吉林长春人，北京外国语大学日语学院、日本学研究中心博士后，研究方向为日本近现代文学；周异夫（１９６９－），男，吉林长春人，北京外国语大学日语学院、日本学研究中心教授，博士生导师，研究方向为日本近现代文学。
第５６卷 第３期郑州大学学报（哲学社会科学版） ２０２３年５月 Ｖｏｌ．５６ Ｎｏ．３ＪＯＵＲＮＡＬＯＦＺＨＥＮＧＺＨＯＵＵＮＩＶＥＲＳＩＴＹＭａｙ２０２３ 佐藤春夫的“忧郁”文学及其对西方文艺的接受孙天琪 周异夫（北京外国语大学日语学院日本学研究中心，北京１０００８９）摘 要：明治末期到大正时期的佐藤春夫文学表现出西方文艺要素和日本传统要素并行存在且在本质上相互融通的特质。
该时期的作品以“忧郁”和“倦怠”为底色，同时融入了大量的象征主义手法以及尼采哲学等西方文艺要素。
佐藤春夫将古典和近代、日本和西方四个要素有机地融合在作品中，以传统理念阐释近代文艺，以西洋手法表现日本传统。
他通过以西方文艺要素与日本传统要素并存的形式，表达着对日本近代社会现实问题的思考和对日本近代性格的把握，其中潜藏着他通过西方文艺理念反观日本固有文化的传统回归意识。
关键词：佐藤春夫；忧郁；西方文艺；传统回归中图分类号：Ｉ３１３．０７４ 文献标识码：Ａ 文章编号：１００１－８２０４（２０２３）０３－００９５－０５ １９世纪的西方因工业革命促成了经济和技术上的高度发展，带来了社会构造在政治、法律等制度上的改变。
而日本在进入明治时期后，一方面，统治者从制度层面和意识形态层面确立了天皇至上的国家体制，以中央集权加强对国民的思想统合；另一方面，在“文明开化”风潮下，明治政府为推进国家近代化推行了促进资本积累的“殖产兴业”政策和增强军事力量的“富国强兵”政策，促使大量西方近代文明急剧涌入日本，并于日俄战争中取得胜利后跻身帝国主义列强的行列。
日本民众则因长期被“国家意识”所统治，“自我”与国家逐渐同一化，致使日俄战争后民众的“自我”意识丧失问题逐渐突显，表现为一种空虚、虚无的心理。
文学的召唤结构和其翻译中的再创造--以《红楼梦》的两英译本为例
文学的召唤结构和其翻译中的再创造——以《红楼梦》的两英译本为例The Appealing Structure and its RecreationIn Literary Translation----Taking the Two EnglishVersions of Hong Lou Meng for Illustration学科专业：外国语言学与应用语言学研究方向：翻译理论与实践ABSTRACTReception aesthetics with fresh viewpoints exerts a unique influence upon literature as well as literary translation circle. The striking feature of this theory is that it is a study focusing on reader. As a leading scholar of this theory, Wolfgang Iser builds all his theories on the interaction between reader and text. He places greater stress on the reader‘s creative participation in reading text. His many articles about appealing structure and reader‘s aesthetic response made sensations throughout the theoretic circles among scholars and students as soon as they were born. His appealing structure holds that there are ―gaps‖ and“indeterminacies ‖ in the meaning of text，which will stimulate reader to fill in the gaps, and decode the indeterminacy with his creativity and imagination. The basic structure composed of gaps and indeterminacy in a text is called an appealing structure，which exposes an ultimately open scope and attracts every reader to explore and create the deep meaning of a text according to his personal experiences, knowledge and values. Coincidentally, the appealing structure has also been cherished by Chinese authors inlong literary history. Zhu Liyuan has made a thorough research on Iser‘s appealing structure, and extended his theory. He takes the view that the appealing structure should cover a broader area. According to their opinion, this dissertation mainly deals with the recreation of appealing structure from the perspective of reception aesthetics.Literature, an aesthetic reflection on real life, first and foremost must live up to the aesthetic standards. Literary translation as an art is in line with this standard, the ultimate aim of which is to satisfy readers‘aesthetic requirements. Literary translation entails a translator to cope with all kinds of questions arising from language, culture, author, text, reader, and so on. Literary translation is an actual recreation of aesthetic art, which is not only the wisdom of ancient translators, but also the common view of contemporary translators. Of course, the recreation is a limited creation fettered by the faithfulness to text and reader. Recreation covers a variety of areas and concerns many factors. Here, this dissertation, taking the two versions of Hong Lou Meng for illustration, mainly discusses the recreation of the appealing structures in the language in literary writings and in the meaning of a literary text for the purpose of reader reception.Firstly, the author deals with the recreation of the appealing structure in literary language. Undoubtedly, literary language is very significant, as it is the root of all the appealing structure such as meaning. Literary translation is an art of language, namely the art of reproduction and recreation in another language. When the original is translated, the appeal of source language will be lost to the target language reader. Only when target language appeal is reproduced, can it achieve the purpose of appealing the target language reader. In doing so, a translator should use the pure target language to substitute the pure source language, and strive to preserve the beauties of source language including its rhythm, fuzziness, indeterminacy and connotation. This doesn‘t exclude foreignized language, for it owns its appealing traits by breaking reader‘s habitual expectation horizon. Personally, in literary translation, domesticated language should be a main body, and the foreignized language, a supplement.The emphasis of this dissertation is laid on the recreation of textual meaning‘s appealing structure. Translation is to translate meaning; the whole process of translation is to treat meaning. Different from non-literary works, literary works are rich in gap, fuzziness, multi-meaning and indeterminacy. A translator is expected to recreate the original appealing structure in his translation. He, above all, should recreate the corresponding context and appealing open space in the chosen words and expressions, and meanwhile guard against the over-loaded translation and under-loaded translation. However, owing to the limitation of language, culture and translator himself, perhaps a translator can‘t identify the original appealing structure, and therefore make it lost or distort in his translation. Moreover, as one of the readers, a translator is likely narrow the appealing open space of the original, who will translate the indirect into the direct, the implicit into the explicit, and so on. If so, the target language readers would not appreciate the beauty hidden in the original as the source language readers do.In the recreation of the appealing structures in the literary language and textual meaning, a translator should bear the notion of reader need in mind, which would influence his adoption of words, and make his version different. The immediate aim of literary translation is to endow reader with aesthetic enjoyment by enabling him to decode the text through reading process. According to reception aesthetics, literary works are created by both author and reader. Comparatively, reader more than plays a crucial part in literary recreation; he is an actual pivot of the whole recreation. It is unimaginable for a literary work to survive without reader participation. So, when reader need clashes with the original, a translator should translate flexibly to cater to reader. It is no exaggeration that the importance of reader overrides other factors affecting translation. However, t his doesn‘t deny the fact that literary translation is a limited recreation on the condition that it should be faithful both to reader and author. Undoubtedly, reader reception is so important that the focus of literary translation in 21st century will be shifted to reader.Hong Lou Meng is known to every household with universal praise, whose glamour and popularity lie in its limitless appealingness. In this dissertation, takingthe two versions of Hong Lou Meng for illustration, the author made a tentative pursuit into the recreation of the appealing structures in literary language and textual meaning for the sake of the reception of reader from the perspective of reception aesthetics. To summarize, in this dissertation, ―recreation‖ is the focus, and ―reader reception‖is the target, with the ―translator subjectivity‖as a prerequisite and the ―faithfulness‖as a constraint. These aspects are correlated intrinsically and integrated into an organic whole unit.Key words: literary translation; reception aesthetics; recreation appealing structure; expectation horizon;appealingness内容摘要接受美学一产生，就在国内外文艺理论界激起巨大的反响。
关于1921的英文作文
关于1921的英文作文In 1921, the world was still recovering from the devastation of World War I. The Great Depression was looming on the horizon, and people were struggling to make ends meet. It was a time of uncertainty and fear, but also a time of resilience and hope.The 1920s saw the rise of jazz music and the flapper culture, as well as the beginning of the modernist movement in art and literature. It was a time of experimentation and pushing boundaries, as people sought to break free from the constraints of the past.In 1921, the Irish War of Independence was in full swing, and the struggle for Irish independence was at its peak. The Anglo-Irish Treaty was signed, leading to the creation of the Irish Free State and the partition of Ireland. It was a pivotal moment in Irish history, marking the end of British rule and the beginning of a new era for the Irish people.In the United States, the 1920s were a time of economic prosperity and cultural change. The Roaring Twenties, as they were known, were a time of great social and political change, as well as technological advancement. It was a time of prohibition, speakeasies, and organized crime, as well as the rise of consumer culture and the stock market boom.In 1921, Albert Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on theoretical physics, particularly his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect. It was a groundbreaking achievement that revolutionized our understanding of the universe and paved the way for the development of modern physics.Overall, 1921 was a year of change and upheaval, marked by both progress and challenges. It was a time oftransition and transformation, as the world grappled with the aftermath of war and the dawn of a new era.。
罗素贝克
人物介绍
1937年，发生在另一个弟弟，贝克的母亲建 议她的两个孩子住在巴尔的摩的这一时期杂文 家，作家孟肯。家庭财务状况而苦斗。贝克能 够作出贡献一份兼职工作，为报纸救星一点， 但不必去救灾恶梦，不得不接受政府，剩余的 食物， 偷偷地把家里的伪装下脆弱的走私，成了这些 自豪的人民的现实。
人物介绍
人物介绍
在这人生的第二阶段，贝克交换了母亲的叔叔， 在早期接触激烈的政治辩论造成的家庭，往往 对赫伯特胡佛和富兰克林罗斯福的相对价值为 中心。在美丽城小学，他参加了在这个时候， 来到文学成功的滋味：用书面形式对生产所面 临的任务，这个年轻人带着对小麦的文章了。 狂喜之教师阅读本生产到班上，但他们似乎都 无动于衷。
人物介绍
罗素贝克（生于1925年）是对个人的英语政治文章的 最杰出人士之一。 罗素贝克出生于农村莫里森维尔，于25年8月14日弗 吉尼亚州。他的早期教养，不利于发展的优雅，彬彬 有礼的文学风格和尖锐的批评当代城市生活，他在后 来的沉迷。他最早的记忆之一，是在他的床上吻了好 奇的牛。 有《成长》的亲近自然的一些美好的回忆：“在阳光 普照的夏天，黄色，毛茛等领域。”然而，这不是一 个非常进步的社会，贝克的父亲是一个石匠，死于糖 尿病的治疗时，即使胰岛素已经发现了近10年前。
人物介绍
Russell Baker (born 1925) was one of the most distinguished practitioners of the personal-political essay in the English language. Russell Baker was born in rural Morrisonville, Virginia on August 14, 1925. His early upbringing was not conducive to the development of the elegant, urbane literary style and trenchant criticism of contemporary city life he was to indulge in later. One of his earliest memories was of being nosed in his crib by an inquisitive cow. There were some pleasant memories of growing up close to nature: "summer days drenched in sunlight, fields yellow with buttercups." However, it was not a very progressive community; Baker's father, a stonemason, died of untreated diabetes when the boy was five, even though insulin had been discovered nearly a decade earlier.
四苯乙烯衍生物英文翻译
A wide variety of substituents has been attached to phenyl blades of tetra-phenylethylene moiety to enhance its electronic and optical prop-erties. Xu et al.[11] reported that triphenylethylene derivatives also show remarkable aggregation-induced emission properties. In this letter, we report The synthesis and their aggregation-induced emission properties of three new oligomers, in which triphenyleth-ylene units directly connected to tetraphenylethene moiety. These compounds exhibit remarkable aggregation-induced emission properties, which make them promising candidates as luminescent materials for electroluminescence applications.各种附加到四苯乙烯的苯环上的取代基是来提高其电子性质和光学。
并且徐等人报道了三苯乙烯衍生物也显示出显著的聚集诱导发光特性。
在这篇论文中，我们报告了三个新的低聚物的聚集诱导荧光特性和他们的合成，其中三苯乙烯单元直接连接到四苯乙烯部分。
这些化合物表现出显著的聚集诱导荧光特性，使他们在电致发光的应用上成为有前途的候选发光材料。
Our strategy for the synthesis of tetraphenylethylene based core units and triphenylethylene boronic acid derivatives is outlined in Scheme 1 . The 1-(4-bromophenyl)-1,2,2-triphenylethylene (1) [12 ]was synthesized via the reaction of 4-bromobenzophenone with diphenylmethyllithium at a lower temperature (0C) followed by acid catalysed dehydration of the resulting alcohol in 85% yield. The dimethoxy-substituted TPE 2 was obtained from 4,4-dimethoxybenzophenone and4-bromobenzophenone using conven-tional McMurry reaction in 40% yield. Low yield of 2 is due to the formation of dibromo-tetraphenylethylene and tetra-methoxy-tetraphenylethylene derivatives. Tetrakis(4-bromophenyl)ethyl-ene (3)13was prepared from 4,4 -dibromobenzophenone through a titanium(0)-catalysed McMurry reaction in 76% yield. Benzophe-none (4) was converted into1-bromo-4-(2,2-diphenylvinyl)ben-zene (6) 14 using diethyl 4-bromobenzylphosphonate in the presence of potassium tert -butoxide as a base in anhydrous THF at 0 C temperature. The related methoxy-substituted triphenyl-ethylene derivative7 was obtained in a similar manner starting from 4,4-dimethoxybenzophenone ( 5) in 82% yield.我们对四苯乙烯基础核心单元和三苯乙烯硼酸衍生物的合成策略在方案1概述。
英国人真的很严肃吗？
Many people in Britain have been moaning about price rises,英国很多人一直在抱怨物价上涨,low interest rates for savings;低储蓄利率；and it's not unusual to see couples kissing in the streets of London.并且在伦敦街头很难看见情侣们当街接吻。
What's happened to the famous British stiff upper lip?什么导致了英式的不苟言笑？The image of a nation resolute and stoic in the face of adversity still stands around the world,一个国家（英国）在逆境中坚韧不拔、坚忍不拔的形象依然屹立在世界各地，but it's questioned by the Brits themselves from time to time.但是这不时会被英国人自己怀疑。
The TV documentary Stiff Upper Lip:最近被英国广播公司推出的纪录片僵硬的上唇：An Emotional History of Britain,shown recently by the BBC, has been providing the latest opportunity for reflection.一部英国的情绪史，提供了最新的反思的机会It says the emotional reserve that is part of the national identity is actually a far cry from the exuberant attitude of some500years ago.这部纪录片说，作为国家认同一部分的情感储备实际上与500年前的繁荣态度大相径庭。
缩写《荷糖旧事》作文字数450字
缩写《荷糖旧事》作文字数450字英文回答：The novella Grasshopper Creek takes place in Depression-era Arizona, following the lives of the fourTull sisters. The four sisters consist of oldest sisters Marion and Imogene, a set of twins, and younger sisters Francie and Arden. Each sister is affected in some way by the events of the Great Depression.Marion, a teacher, is forced to take a lower paying position at a school that is far away, which pains her and her family's lifestyle. Imogene is a single mother who has to make significant sacrifices to try and provide for her daughter, including selling off possessions. Francie is a young girl who is constantly struggling with her weight and self-esteem, often feeling like an outcast amongst her family. Arden is the youngest of the four and is often neglected by her family, who is trying to deal with other issues.However, throughout the novella, the four sisters maintain a close relationship with one another. They regularly write letters to one another, seeing as they are spread out across the country, and they always make aneffort to meet up for Christmas despite the distance or money issues. Unfortunately, the story ends on a tragicnote as Imogene is fatally injured in a car accident while on her way to their annual Christmas get together.中文回答：《荷糖旧事》是一部长篇小说，讲述了大萧条时期亚利桑那州的四个塔尔姐妹的故事。
【doc】从《沉沦》到《迟桂花》——郁达夫小说前后期风格比较
【doc】从《沉沦》到《迟桂花》——郁达夫小说前后期风格比较从《沉沦》到《迟桂花》——郁达夫小说前后期风格比较2009年l0月第5期江西科技师范学院J0umalofJianiScience&TechnologyNomalUniversity0ct..20D9No.5从《沉沦》到《迟桂花》郁达夫小说前后期风格比较刘畅(上海师范大学人文与传播学院,上海市200234)摘要:郁达夫前期小说风格是以《沉沦》为代表的自我暴露,主观抒情的自叙传,但后期以《迟桂花》为代表的小说追求人性美和理性节制的风格,与他前期的小说形成了巨大的反差,体现出作者写作态度的转变.关键词:主观抒情;自我暴露;理性节制中图分类号:I206.6文献标识码:A文章编号:10o7—3558(20o9)o5—0o87—03 在狂飙突进的"五四"运动中,郁达夫是以标新立异而开一派潮流的.他吸收l9世纪欧洲浪漫主义文学与日本私小说,创立了以大胆暴露私密生活与变态心理为特点的自叙传小说.写于1921年作者留学日本时的《沉沦》便是其中的代表作,这篇小说是一场夏日的暴雨.作者的情绪从黑得透不出一口气的天空中,无保留地猛然倾泻下来.而相比之下写于l932年的《迟桂花》更像雨后的天空,伴着一阵阵凉风,和婉地缓缓露出阳光的影踪,在这篇小说中,美好的人性得到了颂扬,展现了一幅和美的图卷. 在《沉沦》中作者大胆地自我暴露,他塑造了一个"零余者"形象,小说的主人公,是一个身处异国, 苦闷绝望,找不到人生目标的青年,青春期的性苦闷与个性的自卑封闭构成了他病态的心理.他渴望异性的爱,祈盼着"伊甸园内的伊扶",但对异性的怯弱使他沉溺于自渎以满足情欲的冲动,过后的负罪感又将他的灵肉撕裂,一面是肉体的诱惑.一面是精神上的忏悔惶恐.在灵与肉的冲突中主人公感到身体的衰弱和精神的罪恶,"他觉得身体一天一天的衰弱起来,记忆力也一天一天的减退了"."他的自责心同恐惧心,竞一日也不使他安闲,他的忧郁症也从此厉害起来了".由此他更加自卑敏感,由身体的自渎走向了精神的自虐,在内心世界的分裂中加剧现实的苦闷——他总把自己置于弱者的地位.虚构一个欺侮自己的环境.女学生的眼波,侍女与客人的调笑都会让他臆想自己正受到伤害.在这种敏感和想象中,主人公体味着莫须有的委屈与创伤,幻想自己是"一个世界上最苦的人",就连长兄也是要害他的,衍生出复仇的情绪以及现实中无法得到的关怀:"象你这样的善人,受世人的那样的虐待,这可真是委屈了你了",甚至玩味着精神的胜利,"赦饶了!赦饶了!你们世人得罪于我的地方,我都赦饶了你们罢".主人公不敢追问这种苦闷的由来,而一厢情愿地将其归咎为国家民族,"祖国呀祖国!我的死是你害我的!"他在脑海里构建了一个弱国子民在异乡饱受欺凌的景象.用国家的贫弱作为逃避和自轻自贱的借口,在他的身上暴露出"五四"时期苦闷的青年知识分子人格力量的卑弱.对个人命运的自省实际上只是另一种形式的自我麻痹. 《沉沦》是一篇主观抒情的小说,虽然用大段的篇幅展开情节,描述场景,但情节之间的联系是松散的,开头第一句就已经确定贯穿其中的是主人公的感觉:"他近来觉得孤冷得可怜".无论是内心的独白,还是作者对情状的描摹,都紧扣住主人公的情收稿日期:20o9—04—25作者简介:刘畅(1982一),男,江西南昌人,上海师范大学2o08级博士研究生,江西省评论家协会会员,主要研究方向:中国现当代文学.江西科技师范学院2OO9年绪,对故乡的回忆,异国的生活,性的压抑,偷窥和妓院醉酒都是苦闷抑郁的:在同学之中他"总觉得孤独得很".性的冲动以及犯罪感让他"又渐渐的生了一种怕见人的心思,见了妇人女子的时候,他觉得更加难受",他对自己已经绝望."我又何必生存在这多苦的世界里呢!"作为作者的自叙传,我们可以从小说中感觉到作者情绪与主人公情绪的合拍,这种阴郁的,惘然的情绪.拥堵在胸臆之间,一旦得到宣泄,就喷薄而出. 在作者看来,"在常人感受到痛苦的地方,艺术家所感到的痛苦.非要增加十分或二十分不可","非要把这一层不满,反抗,或苦闷叫喊出来,表现出来不可"IlJ. 所以,作者选用了独白的形式,让主人公在情欲的折磨下将心中的悲苦不加掩饰地表现出来,一方面他赤裸裸地表达对爱欲的渴求:"我所要求的就是异性的爱情".另一方面也袒露在欲望面前自我的诘难:"我怎么会走上那样的地方去的,我已经变了一个最下等的人了".而这种全凭个人心理分析来表现人生的独自.为"五四"青年知识分子表现自我尤其是矛盾挣扎的自我提供了方式和途径,郁达夫们以深入内心世界的"自叙传"的形式勾画出心灵的真实状况.从而完成了对时代和个人的完整展现. 如果说《沉沦》抒写的是青春期自然本能受到压抑造成的人的病态,那么《迟桂花》则是情欲的升华和理性的节制,彰显出人情美与自然美的和谐. 应当看到,从《沉沦》到《迟桂花》,郁达夫小说主观抒情的特质并没有改变,他追求的是抒情诗的意趣,以流动的情感带动小说的发展,正如作者所说: "历来我持以批评作品的好坏的标准,是隋调'两字"嘲.但作品中流淌的情调已经改变了."我"这个与《沉沦》中主人公截然不同的人物形象,体现出作者的创作风格由病态的自我暴露变为了对健康人性的礼赞.由苦闷抑郁转而宁静达观,从而也使得小说的叙述从感性的放纵走向理性的内敛.与《沉沦》相比,《迟桂花》仍然可以看作是作者的自叙传,但小说的叙述者"我"毕业十多年,不再是《沉沦》中那个饱受青春期压抑的青年,也就没有了青年人的浮躁与情感的泛滥."我"去参加老同学翁则生迟来的婚礼,遇见他守寡的妹妹莲,被她健美的身体引起了情欲的冲动,却在她的天真质朴下控制了自己的情欲,将爱欲转化为纯洁的兄妹之情. 同是被异性激起情欲,《沉沦》的主人公将其深藏起来,蜕化为越发阴郁的变态心理;而在《迟桂花》"面对莲时,"我将我的邪心说了出来,我对于中,"我我刚才所触动的那一种自己的心情,更下了一个严正的批判",主人公的精神世界已不再是封闭的,而是向着"率真而自然"的莲敞开了,这是作者笔下的主人公对于异性是大方的,自然的,可以"伸上手去, 向她的下巴底下拨了几拨."小说中的人物,在作者看来,都是具有人情美的.莲有着"洁白得如同白纸似的"心灵,"是一个永久的小孩子的天性".懵懂于 "我"萌发的情欲.而翁家一家人也在不经意中显露出和睦的人伦与真挚的情性,如翁则生担心妹妹触景伤情而又怕"假使是你陪她出去玩的话,那是形迹更露,愈加要使她难堪",话语之间细心的体贴关怀已跃然纸上与之相对应的是作者极力渲染的自然美.带着作者的诗情,以景传情,以情化景,"山下面尽是些绿玻璃似的翠竹.西斜的太阳晒到了这条坞里.一种又清新又寂静的淡绿色的光同清水一样.满浸在这附近的空气里在流动".对于这样的图画,作者认为: "大凡艺术品,都是自然的再现.把捉自然,将自然再现出来,是艺术家的本分",而"归向自然"就是"回到天真"【3】.在郁达夫看来,自然风物使人得以回归本真,从而实现了人性的升华,净化.所以,《迟桂花》里主人公的情欲,不是在《沉沦》中"千仞的绝壁"和鬼火似的渔灯中无节制的泛滥,而是在桂花的香气中萌动又消退《沉沦》时期的郁达夫是在以恣肆的情感发泄胸中的苦闷,这是"五四"个性主义精神的回响.也是由于他与创造社的同人们从回国前的悲哀怀念到回国后的悲愤激越,对国内外感到了双重失望.从个人来说,自幼体弱多病和家境的落魄对郁达夫孤僻,自卑心理的产生也有着巨大作用,尤其是他离开家乡求学日本后长期沉迷于酒色,使他越发颓废忧郁,这样的个人经历也是造成《沉沦》晦暗偏激风格的重要原因.而《迟桂花》时期的郁达夫,生活相对安定,又受到爱情婚姻的影响.加之大革命失败后滋生的避世思想,使他不复少年意气,风格渐趋理性节制.他的小说中性苦闷与变态心理的描写大大减少.代之以清新的格调和情欲的升华.不仅是《迟桂花》中的莲, 写于l923年的《春风沉醉的晚上》,同样刻画了一个在纯洁的陈二妹面前以理性克制住情欲的主人公. 2oo9年刘畅:从《沉沦》到《迟桂花》89 虽然结尾依然露出浓厚的哀愁,但它表现的不再是《沉沦》般的绝望自戕.而在《迟桂花》中,尽管翁家人的生活依然有他们的苦恼,但小说以"开得愈迟愈好"的"迟桂花"为象征,用清香耐久的迟桂花象征着对于生活的信心,发出了"但愿得我们都是迟桂花" 的祈愿.在主观抒情上,作者不再使用《沉沦》式强化情感,反复咏叹的大胆独白,由铺陈主人公的内在心理,而转向更多地渲染外部情状如莲的言行,环境等.在荡漾着美好情性的人与物交织的氛围里传达恬静澄澈的情调,前期那种紧张,凌厉的自我折磨淹没在舒缓淡雅的笔调中.两相比较下,《沉沦》真诚地燃烧着作者全部的热情,《迟桂花》则传达出退尽火气之后宛转流丽的诗情.然而.作者前后期的创作都展现了作者真诚的创作个性,也都具有一定的缺失.以《沉沦》为代表的作者前期创作虽勇敢地袒露自我,达到了与时代精神的交融,那一种苦闷以至绝望的情绪更是道出了"五四"时期一批知识分子的心声,但作者情感的夸张与泛滥也是不争的事实,尤其他肆意地表现人的动物性本能,使得小说显得放纵而颓废.《迟桂花》以及作者的后期创作追求以理性的节制营造出一个具有诗意美的空间,弥散着人性之光,却也因此缺少了《沉沦》感应时代的深切.不过,与前期相比,作者的后期创作显露出更为成熟的技巧,在文字上更加圆润含蓄.正如迟开的桂花一样,久而弥香.参考文献:【l】郁达夫.《鸭绿江上》读后感.郁达夫文集(第五卷)[M].广州:花城出版社.l982:251.【2】郁达夫.我承认是"失败"了.郁达夫文集(第五卷)[M].广州:花城出版社.1982:198.[3】郁达夫.艺术与国家.郁达夫文集(第五卷)[M].广州:花城出版社.1982:15O.[4】郑伯奇.中国新文学大系?小说三集导言[M].上海:上海文艺出版社,1981.Fr0mDecadencet0LateosmanthusFragraIls—theC0mparis0n0fYuDafusStyleBetweenEarlierStageandLaterStage LiuChang(ShanghaiNorn1alUniversity,Shanghai20o234,P.R.China)Abstract:ThestyleofYuD,snovelsinhiseadierstageisa1Jt0bi0gmphicalna?lativ es0fself—exposureandsubjective—expressedemotionsuchasinDecadence.However,hisnovelsinlaterstageinclu dingLate0smaJ1thusnagranspursue山ebeautyofhumannatureandtllerestrictionsofrationalism.Thecontnlstbetweentheses tagesrenectsthechangeofYuDafu,swritingattitude.1【eyw0rds:subjective—expressedemotion;self_exposure;restrictions0fmtionalism。
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The Grapes of Wrath , considered his masterpiece, is a strong, socially-oriented novel that tells the story of the Joads, a poor family from Oklahoma and their journey to California in search of a better life.
Depression-era Literature
Depression era literature was blunt and direct in its social criticism. John Steinbeck (1902– 1968) was born in Salinas, California, where he set many of his stories. His style was simple and evocative, winning him the favor of the readers but not of the critics. Steinbeck often wrote about poor, working-class people and their struggle to lead a decent and honest life.
------- John Steinbeck
1.Tortilla Flat 2.Of Mice and Men 3.Cannery Row 4. East of Eden.
Something else：
John was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1962. Steinbeck's contemporary, Nathanae West's two most famous short novels, Miss Lonelyhearts, which plumbs the life of its eponymous antihero, a reluctant (and, to comic effect, male) advice columnist, and the effects the tragic letters exert on it, and The Day of the Locust, which introБайду номын сангаасuces a cast of Hollywood stereotypes and explores the ironies of the movies, have come to be avowed classics of American literature.