Homework 4-2015中级宏观作业

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练习作业-中级篇

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刘海霞 30 12220
7
高文海 24 25900
10
李冬冬 19 23380
10
李立刚 8 12522
5
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17
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Hale Waihona Puke 92822871897
71371 14274
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1936
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40480
18423
3685
8
37549
9601
1920
6
16609
16336
3267
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10 陆小飞
15
10.0001
11 冯景慧
13
6.0001
12 孙海鹏
13
16.0001
13 严多美
12
13.0002
14 李佳明
10
12.0002
15 杨蜜
10
8.0002
16 米雪松
10
17.0002
17 许静蕾
10
10.0002
18 路程远
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15.0002
19 方月明
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10.0002
20 吴晶晶
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中宏第4次作业参考答案

中级宏观经济学第四次作业*⼀、单项选择（12分）1、（4分）某国的实际GDP平均每年增长6.5%，资本存量为一年的GDP的3.5倍左右，资本折旧约为GDP的10%，资本收入约为GDP的30%。

由此判断该国的资本存量（A）A.高于黄金律水平B.等于黄金律水平C.低于黄金律水平D.无法判断【参考答案】K=3.5YδK=0.1YMP K×K=0.3Yn+g=6.5%解得δ=0.1/3.5≈0.029，MP K=0.3/3.5≈0.086，因此MP K−δ=5.7%<6.5%=n+g。

故经济拥有的资本多于黄金律稳态。

2、（4分）关于总需求曲线，下列说法正确的是（D）A.总需求曲线的移动一定是由货币供给量的变化造成的B.实际货币余额的需求增加一定导致总需求曲线向右移动C.总需求曲线反映了物价水平与收入之间的一种正相关关系D.对于固定的货币供给和货币流通速度，数量方程式反映出价格水平与产出量的负相关关系3、（4分）某经济开始时处于长期均衡，如果受到不利的供给冲击的同时货币流通速度外生地提高，可以预计，在短期内（C）A.产出将上升，价格可能上升、下降或者不变B.产出将下降，价格可能上升、下降或者不变C.价格将上升，产出可能上升、下降或者不变*请于2017年11⽉28⽇星期⼆课前提交纸质版作业。

1D.价格将下降，产出可能上升、下降或者不变【参考答案】二、（经济增长II，64分）请回答以下问题1、证明下列关于有人口增长和技术进步的索洛模型（Y=F(K,L×E)）的稳态的每一条表述。

a.(4分)资本—产出比率是不变的。

【参考答案】In the steady state,we know that sy=(δ+n+g)k.This implies thatk/y=s/(δ+n+g).Since s,δ,n,and g are constant,this means that the ratio k/y is also constant.Since k/y= [K/(LE)]/[Y/(LE)]=K/Y,we can conclude that in the steady state,the capital–output ratio is constant.b.(4分)资本和劳动各自赚取了经济的一个不变份额的收入。

Homework 微观经济练习汇总

This is a group assignment. You can arrange your own groups.Due: Monday November 21st, 10am.Please turn in your homework to class captain/monitor. He/she will turn in everything to Mr. Tao in Office 104 by 10am. Be sure to turn in your homework before that time. Late submission will receive NO credit.Please PRINT your homework. NO handwritten work will be accepted.If you have any questions, you can email me at baiyunr@. All questions must be submitted before the end of Saturday, otherwise they will NOT be answered.There are 10 pages total, including this one.Class Number:Group member 1 & student ID:Group member 2 & student ID:Group member 3 & student ID:Group member 4 & student ID:Group member 5 & student ID:Group member 6 & student ID:Multiple Choice (2pts X 20 = 40pts).Please write down your choice next to the number of the question.1. Suppose your own demand curve for tomatoes slopes downward. Suppose also that, for the lasttomato you bought this week, you paid a price exactly equal to your willingness to pay. Thena. you should buy more tomatoes before the end of the week.b. you already have bought too many tomatoes this week.c. your consumer surplus on the last tomato you bought is zero.d. your consumer surplus on all of the tomatoes you have bought this week is zero.Table 1The only four consumers in a market have the following willingness to pay for a good:2. Refer to Table 1. Who experiences the largest loss of consumer surplus when the price of the goodincreases from $20 to $22?a. Quilanab. Wilburc. Ming-lad. All three buyers experience the same loss of consumer surplus.3. Consider the following problems: Overcrowded public highways, overfishing in the ocean, pollutedair, and the near-extinction of the wild rhinoceros. What do these problems have in common?a. Private markets could easily solve them if governments left the markets alone.b. They would all go away if the government sponsored an intensive public-informationcampaign.c. They are all the result of a failure to establish clear property rights over something ofvalue.d. They are all the result of a failure of corrective taxes.4. Which of the following statements is not correct?a. Patents help internalize the externalities associated with technological advances.b. Economists typically prefer regulations to corrective taxes because regulations providemore incentives for firms to seek continued reductions in pollution.c. Allowing firms to trade pollution permits will lower the total cost of reducing pollution.d. A big impediment to implementing the Coase theorem in many cases is high transactionscosts.5. Which of the following will cause a decrease in producer surplus?a. the imposition of a binding price ceiling in the marketb. an increase in the number of buyers of the goodc. income increases and buyers consider the good to be normald. the price of a complement decreases6. The deadweight loss from a $3 tax will be largest in a market witha. inelastic supply and elastic demand.b. inelastic supply and inelastic demand.c. elastic supply and elastic demand.d. elastic supply and inelastic demand.7. Which of the following ideas is the most plausible?a. Tax revenue is more likely to increase when a low tax rate is increased than when a hightax rate is increased.b. Tax revenue is less likely to increase when a low tax rate is increased than when a hightax rate is increased.c. Tax revenue is likely to increase by the same amount when a low tax rate is increasedand when a high tax rate is increased.d. Decreasing a tax rate can never increase tax revenue.8. When a nation first begins to trade with other countries and the nation becomes an importer ofcorn,a. this is an indication that the world price of corn exceeds the nation’s domestic price ofcorn in the absence of trade.b. this is an indication that the nation has a comparative advantage in producing corn.c. the nation’s consumers of corn become better off and the nation’s producers of cornbecome worse off.d. All of the above are correct.9. When a country allows trade and becomes an exporter of a good, which of the following is not aconsequence?a. The price paid by domestic consumers of the good increases.b. The price received by domestic producers of the good increases.c. The losses of domestic consumers of the good exceed the gains of domestic producers ofthe good.d. The gains of domestic producers of the good exceed the losses of domestic consumers ofthe good.10. The United States has imposed taxes on some imported goods that have been sold here by foreigncountries at below their cost of production. These taxesa. benefit the United States as a whole, because they generate revenue for thegovernment. In addition, because the goods are priced below cost, the taxes do not harmdomestic consumers.b. benefit the United States as a whole, because they generate revenue for the governmentand increase producer surplus.c. harm the United States as a whole, because they reduce consumer surplus by an amountthat exceeds the gain in producer surplus and government revenue.d. harm the United States as a whole, because they reduce producer surplus by an amountthat exceeds the gain in consumer surplus and government revenue.11. Suppose that electricity producers create a negative externality equal to $6 per unit. Furthersuppose that the government imposes a $8 per-unit tax on the producers. What is the relationship between the after-tax equilibrium quantity and the socially optimal quantity of electricity to be produced?a. They are equal.b. The after-tax equilibrium quantity is greater than the socially optimal quantity.c. The after-tax equilibrium quantity is less than the socially optimal quantity.d. There is not enough information to answer the question.12. Suppose that an MBA degree creates no externality because the benefits of an MBA areinternalized by the student in the form of higher wages. If there are no government subsidies for MBAs, then which of the following statements is correct?a. The equilibrium quantity of MBAs will equal the socially optimal quantity of MBAs.b. The equilibrium quantity of MBAs will be greater than the socially optimal quantity ofMBAs.c. The equilibrium quantity of MBAs will be less than the socially optimal quantity of MBAs.d. There is not enough information to answer the question.13. Mary and Cathy are roommates. Mary assigns a $30 value to smoking cigarettes. Cathy valuessmoke-free air at $15. Which of the following scenarios is a successful example of the Coasetheorem?a. Cathy offers Mary $20 not to smoke. Mary accepts and does not smoke.b. Mary pays Cathy $16 so that Mary can smoke.c. Mary pays Cathy $14 so that Mary can smoke.d. Cathy offers Mary $15 not to smoke. Mary accepts and does not smoke.14. Highway engineers have proposed improving a dangerous stretch of highway at a cost of $1.5million. They expect that it will reduce the risk of someone dying in an accident over the life of the highway from 18.3 percent to 7.8 percent. The project would be worth doing as long as a human life is worth at leasta. $117,000.b. $157,500.c. $274,500.d. $1.5 million.15. Which of the following is an example of the free-rider problem?a. Both Fred and Wilma receive low-cost dental care at the local dental school, so neither ofthem pays the full cost of the care.b. Elmer receives a free lunch from the local "Meals on Wheels" program because of his lowmonthly income. Yet his next door neighbor, Dorothy, is not eligible for the free lunch.c. Max owns Fido, a large dog who barks whenever anyone walks near his house. Sally livesnext to Max, and Fido's barking can be heard whenever anyone walks near her house,too. Thus, Sally receives free protection from burglars because of Fido's barking.d. David purchases a burger at a fast food restaurant and gets a second burger free becausethe restaurant is having a buy one, get one free sale.16. Which of the following statements is not correct?a. Environmental degradation is an example of the Tragedy of the Commons.b. Cost-benefit analysis is an important tool that economists use to evaluate the benefits ofproviding a public good.c. Some goods, such as lighthouses, may be either private or public goods.d. The free-rider problem prevents governments from supplying public goods.17. Before considering any public project, the government should(i) compare the total cost and total benefits of the project.(ii) conduct a cost-benefit analysis.(iii) infer that citizens who vote for a project are willing to pay equally for it.a. (i) onlyb. (ii) onlyc. (i) and (ii) onlyd. (i), (ii), and (iii)18. On hot summer days, electricity-generating capacity is sometimes stretched to the limit. At thesetimes, electric companies may ask people to voluntarily cut back on their use of electricity. Aneconomist would suggest thata. every electric customer has an incentive to prevent the system from overloading, so thisvoluntary approach is the most efficient.b. it would be more efficient if the electric company raised its rates for electricity at peaktimes.c. it would be more efficient to have a lottery to decide who had to cut back their use ofelectricity at peak times.d. it would be more efficient to force everyone to cut their usage of electricity by the sameamount.19. Assume the supply curve for cigars is a typical, upward-sloping straight line, and the demand curvefor cigars is a typical, downward-sloping straight line. Suppose the equilibrium quantity in themarket for cigars is 1,000 per month when there is no tax. Then a tax of $0.50 per cigar is imposed.The effective price paid by buyers increases from $1.50 to $1.90 and the effective price received by sellers falls from $1.50 to $1.40. The government’s tax revenue amounts to $475 per month. Which of the following statements is correct?a. After the tax is imposed, the equilibrium quantity of cigars is 900 per month.b. The demand for cigars is more elastic than the supply of cigars.c. The deadweight loss of the tax is $12.50.d. The tax causes a decrease in consumer surplus of $380.20. Suppose a certain country imposes a tariff on a good. Which of the following results of the tariff ispossible?a. Consumer surplus decreases by $100; producer surplus increases by $100; andgovernment revenue from the tariff amounts to $50.b. Consumer surplus decreases by $200; producer surplus increases by $100; andgovernment revenue from the tariff amounts to $50.c. Consumer surplus increases by $100; producer surplus decreases by $200; andgovernment revenue from the tariff amounts to $50.d. Consumer surplus decreases by $50; producer surplus increases by $200; andgovernment revenue from the tariff amounts to $150.Integrated Task 1 (14pts)Table 2For each of three potential buyers of oranges, the table displays the willingness to pay for the first three oranges of the day. Assume Alex, Barb, and Carlos are the only three buyers of oranges, and only three oranges can be supplied per day.1. Refer to Table2. If the market price of an orange is $1.20, what is the market quantity of orangesdemanded per day? Show support to your answer. (2pts)2. Refer to Table 2. The market quantity of oranges demanded per day is exactly 5 if the price of anorange, P, satisfies (2pts)a. $1.00 < P < $1.50.b. $0.80 < P < $1.50.c. $0.80 < P < $1.00.d. $0.75 < P < $0.80.3. Refer to Table 2. If the market price of an orange is $1.20, what is consumer surplus? Show yourcalculation. (2pts)4. Refer to Table 2. If the market price of an orange increases from $0.60 to $1.05, what is thechange to total consumer surplus? Show your calculation. (2pts)5. Refer to Table 2. Who experiences the largest loss of consumer surplus when the price of anorange increases from $0.70 to $1.40? Show your calculation. (2pts)6. Refer to Table 2. Who experiences the largest gain in consumer surplus when the price of anorange decreases from $1.05 to $0.75? Show your calculation. (2pts)7. Refer to Table 2. Which of the following statements is correct? (2pts)a. Neither Barb’s consumer surplus nor Carlos’s consumer surplus can exceed Alex’sconsumer surplus, for any price of an orange.b. All three individuals will buy at least one orange only if the price of an orange is less than$0.25.c. If the price of an orange is $0.60, total consumer surplus is $4.90.d. All of the above are correct.Integrated Task 2 (16pts) Show your calculationFigure 1The vertical distance between points A and B represents a tax in the market.1.Refer to Figure 1. What is the change in quantity if tax is imposed? (1pt)2.Refer to Figure 1. What is the amount of tax revenue received by the government? (1pt)3.Refer to Figure 1. What is the amount of deadweight loss as a result of the tax? (2pts)4.Refer to Figure 1. What is the loss of consumer surplus as a result of the tax? (2pts)5.Refer to Figure 1. What is the loss of producer surplus as a result of the tax? (2pts)6.Refer to Figure 1. What is the loss of consumer surplus associated with marginal buyers? (2pts)7.Refer to Figure 1. What is the loss of consumer surplus for those buyers of the good who continue to buy it after the tax is imposed? (2pts)8.Refer to Figure 1. What is the loss of producer surplus associated with marginal seller? (2pts)9. Refer to Figure 1. What is the loss of producer surplus for those sellers of the good who continueto sell it after the tax is imposed? (2pts)0.51 1.52 2.53 3.54 4.55123456789101112Figure 21. Refer to Figure2. If this market is currently producing at Q4, then what should be the quantity tomaximize total economic well-being? (1pt)2. Refer to Figure 2. If all external costs were internalized, then what should be the market’sequilibrium output? (1pt)3. Refer to Figure 2. Without government intervention, what would be the equilibrium quantity?(1pt)4. Refer to Figure 2. Externalities in this market could be internalized if (2pts)a. there were a tax on the product.b. there were a subsidy for the product.c. production were stopped.d. the Coase theorem failed.5. Refer to Figure 10-4. At Q3, (2pts)a. the marginal consumer values this product less than the social cost of producing it.b. every consumer values this product less than the social cost of producing it.c. the cost to society is equal to the value to society.d. the marginal consumer values this product more than the private cost.6. Refer to Figure 2. What type of externality do this graph indicate and why? (3pts)7. Refer to Figure 2. Who should take action and which action(s) could be taken? (4pts)Using the graph below, assume that the government imposes a $1 tariff on hammers. Answer the following questions given this information.1. What is the domestic price and quantity demanded of hammers after the tariff isimposed? (2pts)2. What is the quantity of hammers imported before the tariff? (1pt)3. What is the quantity of hammers imported after the tariff? (1pt)4. What would be the amount of consumer surplus before the tariff? (2pts)5. What would be the amount of consumer surplus after the tariff? (2pts)6. What would be the amount of producer surplus before the tariff? (2pts)7. What would be the amount of producer surplus after the tariff? (2pts)8. What would be the amount of government revenue because of the tariff? (2pts)9. What would be the total amount of deadweight loss due to the tariff? (2pts)。

中级宏观配套练习和答案

第二讲配套习题及答案1.若效用函数现为：γγ-=1),(l c l c u （10<<γ）其他条件与实例中给出的相同，试分别求分散经济与计划经济的最优解。

计划者目标函数为：}{max 1,γγ-l c lc ..t s αα--==10)(l h zk y c 代约束条件进目标函数，可以得到无约束的最大化问题：{}γγαα---110])([max l l h zk l一阶条件为：)(l FOC γγααγγγγααγγγγα-------=--l l h k z l l h k z )1()()()1()1(011)1(0求解可得： αγγ--=*1)1(h l αγαγ--=*1)1(h n 代*n 进生产函数可得： αααγαγ-**⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛--==101)1(h zk y c企业利润函数为：wn k r n zk -+-=-)1(1ααπ企业利润最大化的一阶条件为：0)1(11=+-=∂∂--r n k z kαααπ 0)1(=--=∂∂-w n k z nαααπ 利用这两个一阶条件可以取得均衡的价格解，为：αααγαγ-*⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡--=1)1(0h zk w 11)1(110-⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡--=--*αααγαγαh k z r2.假设行为人的效用函数如下：)ln()ln(l c U +=，其中c 是行为人的消费，l 是行为人每天用于闲暇的时间。

行为人每天的时间除了用于闲暇，就是用于工作，但他既可以为自己工作也可以为别人工作。

他为自己工作时的产出函数为5.0)(4s n y =，其中s n 为用于自己工作的时间。

如果他为别人工作，每小时得到的报酬是工资，记为w （当然是用消费品衡量的）。

试写出该行为人的最优化问题，并求解之。

)ln(){ln(max ,,l c sn l c + ..t s w n l n c s s )24()(45.0--+=代约束条件进目标函数，分别对l 和s n 两个变量求一阶导数，并令其为零，有：)(l FOC lw n l n w s s 1)24()(45.0=--+ )(n FOC 0)24()(4)(25.05.0=--+--wn l n w n s s s 求解上述联立方程，可得： wn s 4=*2212w l +=* 421285.0--+=*w w wc 3.考虑一个具有如下代表性行为人的模型。

homework_4_参考答案

Exercise 2Question 4. File CompressionIn this section, you will use a compression algorithm to compress a message. Then you will use a compression application to determine the properties of compression.a.How does dictionary-based compression work?How does dictionary-based compression work? As knows, all text files all make up of many words, andthere must be repetition among these words, while these words occupy many bytes. So, we can make something what looks like dictionary; put this “dictionary” in the head of the file, which compressed fromthe source file. In this dictionary, we use one emblem to replace those words, which appear continually inthe file. By this way, we can get one new file which occupies fewer bytes than the old one, at the same time,the content of the file would not be destroyed. When we need use this file to get the source one, we couldseek the dictionary, and get the source file. So, it was the ancestor of the lossless compression.Use dictionary-based compression to compress the message below:sea shells, sea horses, and seals are in the sea.For example: “#” expresses “sea”, so the message can be expressed by this new message: # shells, # horses, and #ls are in the #.b. How many bytes does the message above contain (each character is 1 byte including spaces)?The message above contains 49 bytesc. Create a compression dictionary and calculate its size in bytes.Dictionary: #sea, 4 bytes.d. What is the compressed message?The compressed message is “# shells, # horses, and #ls are in the #.”e. How many bytes did the entire compression use?The entire compression use 45 bytes.f. Is dictionary-based compression a lossy compression? Explain.No, dictionary-based compression is not a lossy compression. Because by this compression, during we compress the source massage, we use the single emblem to replace the repetition, while we resume or uncompress the message, we should replace the emblem with the repetition, so it won’t destroy the file.Copy and paste the entire content of this exercise into Notepad and save it as compress0.txtCompress this file using WinZip or any compression application and name it compress1.zip. If you do not have WinZip application installed on yourcomputer, refer to Appendix B. Downloading WinZip Appendix for directions to download the application.g. What is the size of the file before and after compression? What is the compression ratio of compress1.zip to the original file?The size of the file before is 8K, and it is 4K after compression. The compression ratio is 2:1Compress compress1.zip and name it compress2.zip.h. What is the compression ratio of compress2.zip to compress1.zip? Explain what is happening. (Hint: think of information that needs to be stored for a compression.) The compression ratio is3.04:3.11. Because compress1.zip has be compressed, there is no space to be recompressed, on the other, the new compress file-compress2.zip contains more massage used to compress, such as dictionary, so the ratio of them become bigger, it is unnecessary to compress the file be compressed, especially the text file.i. Is this a lossy or lossless compression? What do you think would happen if you kept on compressing the file successively?This is a lossless compression. Is I kept on compressing the file, the compression ratio should become bigger and bigger, the new compression file should occupy more space.j. Is lossy compression appropriate for compressing images? Is it appropriate for hard disk backups? Provide explanations for both parts. Lossy compression is appropriate for compressing images, because in the images, there are some details should not to be adverted, on the other hand, naked eye can’t distinguish many details, such as boundary, the color with high resolution ratio. But it isn’t appropriate for hard disk backups, because the files in the hard disk , must to be uncompressed if necessary, with none changes and destroyed. This kinks of file must be compress by lossless compression.Unit 1 and Unit 2 Review Materialspressiona.What is compression?Compression is the process of reducing file sizes by removing redundant dataexpressions and replacing them with smaller ones.b.Describe a benefit of compression.Compression reduces file sizes, which makes it easier to transmit data over a network, asan examplec.Describe dictionary-based compression.Dictionary-based compression replaces sequences of characters that appearfrequently with a single codeword, or symbol. The mapping betw een the codewordand the original sequence of characters is stored in a dictionary.d.Describe run-length encoding.Run-length encoding(运行长度编码) is a compression style used with graphics files.Patterns of pixels are replaced by information that describes the pattern. For instance,instead of 100 consecutive bytes of data, representing 100 white pixels, run-lengthencoding replaces this data with two bytes: the first represents the number of pixels,the second the color.e.Describe a benefit of lossy compression.The benefit of lossy compression is that data that is undiscernible to the human eye orear is removed, which decreases the file size without removing data that is important. a file type that incorporates lossy compressionJPG, MP3, as examples.7.Imagesa.How are bitmapped images rendered?Bitmapped images are rendered by interpreting the value for each given pixel. Thesize of a bitmapped image is fixed and when rendered each pixel is mapped out tohave a given value.b.How are vectored images rendered?V ector images use mathematical calculations to compute the image. In other words,the image creates geometric shapes that are computed and drawn as the image isrendered.c.Which image type tends to be more photo-like in quality,bitmapped or vectored?Bitmapped.d.Which image type maintains a high image quality, regardless ofhow it is resized?V ector.e.List three image editors.Adobe Photoshop, Microsoft Image Composer, Adobe Illustrator9. Magnetic Mediaa.List two advantages of magnetic media over optical media. As an example, magnetic media is less expensive.As an example, faster for writing data.As an example, magnetic media provides higher capacities.b.Fill in the following chart matching the type of media with itsstorage capacity. The types of media to choose from are Jaz disk,Zip disk, hard disk drive, high-density floppy disk, and doubledensity floppy disk.c.Consider that magnetic media is read by an electromagnet. Howdoes the read/write head discern and transfer data from themagnetic media to the system?The read-write head uses a weak electro-magnetic force to read data, and a strongerelectro-magnetic force to change the orientation of the magnetic particle, assigningorientations that correspond to 1's and 0's. The particles polar alignment determinesthe data that a given bit holds.10.Moore's Lawa.Define Moore's Law.The number of transistors on a microchip will double every 18 months, until physicallimitations are reachedb.List two extrapolations of Moore's Law that are discussed in thecourse materials.RAM storage capacity doubles every 18 months.Processor speeds double every 18 months.c.How can Moore's Law and the extrapolations from Moore's Lawassist a consumer in purchasing a computer?Moore's Law and its extrapolations offer the consumer the ability to plan for futureupgrades and determine the lifespan of a given system, allowing the consumer todetermine the best way to maximize their purchase with respect to the computer'spower and lifespan.d.Define Parkinson's Law of Data.Data expands to fill the space available.ing Parkinson's Law, what projection can be made regardingmemory and hard disk usage?According to Parkinson's Law of Data, the space in memory will be used if it isavailable. In other words, as industry develops media with greater storage capacities,d ata and software will increase in size to fill them. (We will never have “too much”memory or disk storage.)f.How can Parkinson's Law assist a consumer in purchasing softwareor components for a computer?Parkinson's Law of Data can help a consumer purchases a computer system, knowingthat storage capacities are always increasing, and the data to fill it will increaseproportionally. The consumer can estimate how much storage space is necessary nowand in the future.11. Optical Mediaa.List two advantages of optical media over magnetic media.Optical is more resistant to environmental effects, as an example.Optical is has a longer lifespan (less chance of decay), as an example.b.Fill in the following chart. The types of media to choose fromare CD-R, CD-RW, CD-ROM, and DVD-ROM.c.Consider that optical media is read by a laser. How does the laserdiscern and transfer data from the optical media to the system?The laser deciphers light and dark spots to create a stream of digital information. Thelight is reflected by the media and a light sensor reads the reflected light.d.Consider that a DVD and a CD are the same size. List two reasonsa DVD holds more information than a CD.The color of laser used by the DVD is narrower, allowing the tracks to be closer together. DVDs are layered allowing more data to be record on the same area at different depths.。

东方中级宏观经济学复习题.doc

—、概念辨析1.国内生产总值（GDP）与国民生产总值（GNP）2.政府支出与政府购买3.国民生产总值与国民收入4.消费者价格指数与GDP消胀指数5.固定汇率制与可变汇率制6.预算盈余与充分就业预算盈余7.真实汇率与购买力平价8.经常账户与资本账户9.商品市场均衡曲线（IS）与货币市场均衡曲线（LM）10.边际消费倾向与边际储蓄倾向11.法定贬值与真实贬值12.凯恩斯消费理论与LC-PIH消费理论二、简述题（图解题）1.在实行累进税制的国家，比例所得税为何能对经济起到自动稳定器的作用？2.写出现代菲利普斯曲线方程，配以图形简述其如何解释经济中的滞胀现象？3.货币需求对利率的弹性越大，货币政策就越无效的判断是否正确？4.政府采购支出增加一定会挤出私人投资和导致通货膨胀吗？5.古典学派和凯恩斯主义的总供给观点各自基于怎样的假定前提以及适合在什么情况卜•分析宏观经济问题？6.在国民收入核算中，Y^C + 1 + G + NX；在均衡收入的决定中，只有当Y = AD时，Y = C + / + G + NX才会成立。

这是否存在孑盾，并请说明理由。

7.名义货币存量的壇加使AD曲线上移的程度恰恰与名义货币增加的程度一致，为什么？8.封闭经济中的IS曲线和开放经济中的IS曲线哪一个更陡峭？9.贸易伙伴收入提高、本国货币真实贬值将对本国IS曲线产生何种影响？10.凯恩斯学派认为货币政策的传递机制包含哪些环节？最主要的环节是什么？11.经济处于充分就业状态。

若政府要改变需求构成，从消费转向投资，但不允许超过充分就业水平。

需要采取何种形式的政策组合？运用IS-LM模型进行分析。

12.考虑两种紧缩方案，一种是取消投资补贴；另一种是提高所得税率。

运用IS-LM模型分析两种政策对收入、利率与投资的影响。

13.利用IS-LM模型分析价格沿AD曲线变动，利率会发生什么变化？14.利用IS—LM模型分析在固定汇率、资本完全流动的情况下，一国为何无法采用独立的货币政策？15.简述古典学派和后凯恩斯主义主流学派的货币中性论点及其不同之处。

英语第四次作业

大学英语（一）开始时间2016年06月4日星期六20:24 状态完成完成于2016年06月4日星期六20:48 耗时23分钟49秒分数19.0/20.0 成绩窗体顶端题目1正确获得1.0分中的1.0分 95.0/ 满分 100.0标记题目题干Do you know _______ in En glish?选择一项：“ a. how to saying itd. how say it 题目2正确获得1.0分中的1.0分标记题目题干Don't forget _______ the window before leavi ng the room.选择一项：a. to closec. how say ing itb. how to say itb. hav ing closedc. clos ingd. to have closed题目3正确获得1.0分中的1.0分标记题目题干He likes to swim _______ .选择一项：l a. and play ing footballb. but play footballc. and to play footballd. and he also likes play ingfootball 题目4正确获得1.0分中的1.0分标记题目题干You had bettera doctor as soon as possible. 选择一项：厂|a. see ingb. sawc. seed. which题目6正确获得1.0分中的1.0分标记题目题干The film brought the hours back to me 选择一项：a. un tilb. thatr Ic. whereI 』d. when 曹题目7正确I was take n good care of in that remote village.d.seen题目5正确获得1.0分中的1.0分标记题目题干We all thought ____ a pity that you were un able to atte nd our meet ing. 选择一项：c. thata. thisd. is a porter题目9正确获得1.0分中的1.0分获得1.0分中的1.0分标记题目题干While I was in the university, I learned taking a photo,选择一项： is very useful now for me. a. what b. thatc. itd. which 勺题目8正确获得1.0分中的1.0分标记题目题干His salary as a driver is much higher tha n _______选择一项： a. a porterc. as a porterb. that of a porter题干标记题目A sudde n no ise of a fire-e ngine made him _ to the door.选择一项：l a. hurry ingb. to hurryc. hurriedd. hurry题目10正确获得1.0分中的1.0分标记题目题干Equipped with moder n facilities, today's libraries differ greatly from ______ 选择一项：a. those of the pastb. these pastc. which of the pastd. the past题目11正确获得1.0分中的1.0分标记题目题干Did you no tice the guy选择一项：d. whom题目12正确获得1.0分中的1.0分标记题目题干I will count three hun dred and not one of you ____ move a muscle.选择一项:题目13 正确获得1.0分中的1.0分a. whose 彳b. whichc. who head looked like a big potato? a. is b. are c. are tod. is to标记题目题干The man ager will not选择一项： l a. agreed. allow \题目14正确获得1.0分中的1.0分标记题目题干Stars have better players, so I ______ them to win.选择一项：b. .why he is late b. letc. have us to use his car. a. want c. preferd. hope 题目15不正确Miss Wang wan ted to know选择一项： for the film. r a. why he was lateb. expectc. why is he late题目16 正确I hate the n ews, ____ made us very sad.选择一项:题目17正确The reas on I did n't go to Can ada was选择一项：题目18正确It is the best _____ 选择一项：r I a. whichb. thatc. whomr d. who题目19正确获得1.0分中的1.0分d. why was he latea. why I gotb. that I gotc. how I gotd. because I got a. that b. it c. whichd. whata new job. I have see n.标记题目After the Minister of Education had finished speaking at the press conference, he was made ___ all sorts of awkward questi ons.选择一项：窗体底端题干It was a great pleasure选择一项： a. onb. to* c. for Vd. of题目20正确获得1.0分中的1.0分标记题目题干 me to be in vited to the party.a. an swerb. an sweri ngc. to an swerd. an swered。

押题宝典统计师之中级统计师工作实务综合练习试卷A卷附答案

押题宝典统计师之中级统计师工作实务综合练习试卷A卷附答案单选题（共45题）1、电力消费量年平均增长速度除以国民经济年平均增长速度，得到的指标是（）。

A.电力生产系数B.电力消费系数C.电力生产弹性系数D.电力消费弹性系数【答案】 D2、汇率统计主要包括三类指标，即年平均汇率、时点平均汇率和（）。

A.固定汇率B.浮动汇率C.中心汇率D.汇率指数【答案】 D3、下列哪些情形满足失业人员需要的条件（）。

A.15岁在校学习少年B.在工作事故中受伤，已丧失劳动力的40岁男性C.在过去三个月内寻求工作，仍未受聘的应届大学生D.放弃工作转而经营自家店铺的30岁青年【答案】 C4、下列统计违法行为中，可以追究刑事责任的是（）。

A.统计机构、统计人员在实施统计调查活动中弄虚作假的行为B.统计机构、统计人员在实施统计调查活动中，明知道统计数据不实，不履行职责调查核实，造成不良后果的行为C.地方、部门、单位的负责人在本地方、本部门、本单位发生的统计违法行为失察的行为D.统计调查对象拒绝、阻碍统计调查、统计检查，情节严重的行为【答案】 D5、下列各项中属于二次能源的是（）。

A.洗煤B.天然气C.核燃料D.油页岩【答案】 A6、现行国家建筑业统计调查制度规定，对有建筑业资质的所有独立核算建筑业企业实行 ( )。

A.季度全面调查B.典型调查C.重点调查D.年度全面调查【答案】 A7、对全国各铁路交通枢纽的货运量、货物种类等进行调查，以了解全国铁路货运概况。

这种调查的组织方式属于（）。

A.抽样调查B.典型调查C.重点调查D.普查【答案】 C8、《国民经济行业分类》（GB/T4754—2017）共分为（）个门类。

A.20B.18C.16D.15【答案】 A9、（）属于统计行政处罚的范畴。

A.责令停产停业B.记大过C.没收违法所得D.责令改正【答案】 C10、统计行政处罚决定依法作出后，当事人对行政处罚决定不服申请行政复议或者提起行政诉讼的，行政处罚（）。

homework4答案

Chapter 10 to 11。

1、A TM的增加对货币需求的影响是双向的：一方面使用货币交易更加方便，这使得货币需求增加；另一方面因为可以随时变现而降低了货币的需求。

如果总效应是货币需求增加，那么物价下降；反之，物价上升。

2、信用卡还款期限由一个月降低到两个星期，增加了生息资产转化成货币的交易成本，因此人们需要更多的持有货币。

货币需求增加导致物价上涨。

3、a、劳动供给增加的结果是总产出的增加，从而增加了货币需求，为了稳定物价，必须增加货币供给。

b、TFP的增加使得总产出增加，所以货币当局仍然要提高货币供给。

4、在长期中，货币是中性的，所以如果持久性的财政支出来源发行货币，经济将会相应调整，实际工资、实际产出、实际利率和就业率都不变，通货膨胀率和名义利率增加x。

Chapter 151、a. 减少货币发行使得物价水平下降，在money surprise model里，人们只察觉到了名义工资的下降，而没有察觉到物价的下降，从而认为实际工资下降。

实际价格低于预期价格，劳动供给曲线左移，就业率下降，产出下降。

劳动力投入的下降引起企业的资本边际产出下降，所以实际利率下降。

b．实际价格等于预期价格，实际变量不发生变化。

结果只是物价水平的下降。

c．b中的情况物价水平变化较大，为了让个人相信央行的承诺，央行应该在长期保持言行一致。

2．如果a国货币供给的波动比较大，人们对未来的价格预期没有可靠的依据，这时货币供给的增加不一定会增加劳动供给；对于b国，货币供给一直稳定，某期突然增加货币供给，更可能使得实际价格高于预期价格，从而劳动供给曲线右移，产出增加。

Chapter 161、a．劳动供给曲线为一条直线。

b. 名义工资和物价水平随货币供给增加而增加，实际工资、实际利率、产出和就业率不变。

劳动供给等于劳动需求，没有凯恩斯失业。

c. 劳动的边际产出因为TFP的下降而降低，因此，劳动需求曲线向下移动。

实际工资、物价和名义工资不变，就业率和实际产出下降。

2024年统计师之中级统计师工作实务通关提分题库及完整答案

2024年统计师之中级统计师工作实务通关提分题库及完整答案单选题（共45题）1、单位从业人员不包括( )。

A.第二职业者B.兼职人员C.离开本单位仍保留劳动关系的职工D.再就业的离退休人员【答案】 C2、下列有关工业中间投入表述中不正确的是（）。

A.必须是企业外部购入的货物和服务的价值，包括生产过程中回收的废料的价值B.必须是本期投入生产，并一次性消耗的货物和服务的价值C.中问投入的计算口径必须与总产值计算的口径相一致D.中间投入是总产值的一部分【答案】 A3、与刑事诉讼相比，统计行政诉讼的特有原则是（）。

A.以事实为依据，以法律为准绳的原则B.合议、回避、公开审判和两审终审制的原则C.适用本民族语言文字进行诉讼的原则D.人民法院就行政机关的具体行政行为进行合法性审查的原则【答案】 D4、人民法院在统计行政诉讼案件立案之日起（）日内，将起诉书副本送达被告。

A.5B.10C.15D.20【答案】 A5、在统计行政诉讼的双方当事人中，被告为( )。

A.统计调查对象B.统计行政执法机关C.统计诉讼代理人D.统计诉讼第三方【答案】 B6、《统计法》规定，统计人员应当对其搜集、审核、录入的统计资料与统计调查对象报送的统计资料的（）。

A.匹配性负责B.一致性负责C.可行性负责D.统一性负责【答案】 B7、下列关于重点调查的表述，不正确的是（）。

A.调查范围小B.调查速度快C.调查所反映的基本趋势比较符合客观实际D.不可用于经常性的连续调查【答案】 D8、统计调查应当以（）为基础，搜集整理基本统计资料。

A.抽样调查B.周期性普查C.全面报表D.行政记录【答案】 B9、为了及时获得全国月度规模以下工业企业产出的信息，宜采用的统计调查方法是（）。

A.全面调查B.抽样调查C.典型调查D.重点调查【答案】 B10、不应由国家统计局所在地的中级人民法院审理第一审统计行政诉讼案件的是（）。

A.对国家统计局做出的具体行政行为不服而提起诉讼的B.经过复议，国家统计局改变了某省统计局做出的具体行政行为，相对人对复议决定仍然不服而提起诉讼的C.对国家统计局做出的具体行政行为不服，经过行政复议后仍不服而提起诉讼的D.对北京市统计局做出的统计行政处罚决定不服而提起诉讼的【答案】 D11、某地区，某年3月完成固定资产投资额100亿元，新增固定资产80亿元，1～3月累计完成固定资产投资额400亿元。

中级微观经济学第四次作业+答案

中级微观经济学第四次作业+答案中级微观经济学第四次作业一、选择题1、（杨）如果一项投入品的平均产量高于其边际产量，则（B）A．随着投入的增加，平均产量将上升B．随着投入的增加，平均产量下降C．随着投入的增加，边际产量上升D．随着投入的增加平均产量可能上升也可能下降说明：每增加投入增加的产量小于平均产量，所以平均产量下降。

2、（杨）总产量曲线、平均产量曲线及边际产量曲线下降的先后顺序正确的是（D）A．总产量曲线平均产量曲线边际产量曲线B．边际产量曲线总产量曲线平均产量曲线C．平均产量曲线边际产量曲线总产量曲线D．边际产量曲线平均产量曲线总产量曲线说明：边际产量一直下降，低过平均产量后平均产量开始下降，当边际产量小于0之后总产量开始下降3、（杨）假设企业在维持产量不变的情况下，每增加一单位劳动投入量能减少4单位资本投入量，则边际替代率为（B）A．-0.25B．-4C．-0.5D．-2说明：根据公式计算4、（杨）假设规模报酬不变，单位时间内增加5%的劳动使用量，但资本保持不变，则产出将（C）A．增加5%B．增加大于5%C．增加小于5%D．减少5%说明：边际产量下降。

5、（崔）考虑生产函数f(x1,x2)=x12x22,该生产函数属于规模报酬（B）A．不变B．递增C．递减D．不确定说明：由规模报酬公式。

6、（崔）两种生产要素x1和x2的技术替代率为-4。

如果你想继续生产原来的产量，而且你将x1减少了3单位，那么你需要多少单位的x2?（C）A．16B．8C．12D．0说明：技术替代率7、（崔）在短期，可变要素1的最优数量和固定要素2的价格（B）A．有关B．无关C．不确定D．以上都不对说明：固定要素是沉没成本。

8、（崔）如果pMP1>w1,企业会增加还是减少要素1的投入量（A）。

A. 增加B. 减少C. 不变D. 先增加再减少说明：利润最大化条件。

9、（刘）为实现利润最大化，厂商选择（A）以使收入与成本之间的差额最大，即当边际收益等于边际成本时可以使利润达到最大。

《中级宏观经济学》课程教学大纲

《中级宏观经济学》课程教学大纲课程名称：中级宏观经济学课程类别：任意选修课适用专业：经济学考核方式：考查总学时、学分：48学时3学分其中实验学时：0学时一、课程教学目的《宏观经济学》是《西方经济学》的重要组成部分，是一门研究经济总体行为的科学，是我国高等院校经济管理类专业的基础课程。

中级宏观经济学主要应用数学模型分析收入、就业、价格总水平等宏观经济总量的决定及其变动。

本课程的教学目的是要求学生了解、认识和掌握中级宏观经济学的基本原理及方法，理解国民收入决定理论的不同模型，结合中国经济体制改革和市场经济发展实践，培养学生正确运用宏观经济学理论分析我国宏观经济运行中的问题和提出对策的能力，同时也为今后研究生阶段的学习和研究提供理论基础。

二、课程教学要求中级宏观经济学是一门逻辑性较强的课程，需要学生具备一定的数理基础，在教学中要注意问题的背景分析，采用启发式教学，把基本概念和基本模型讲透彻，同时引导学生关注国内外重大宏观经济问题，关注专家对宏观经济事件和经济政策的解读。

注意将数学分析与经济学教学有机结合起来，切实提高学生分析问题、解决问题的能力。

三、先修课程微观经济学、宏观经济学、高等数学、中级微观经济学等四、课程教学重、难点本课程的教学重点是宏观经济学课程的基本理论，包括：国内生产总值、价格水平、失业率等；短期经济波动的三大模型，宏观经济不稳定的表现及稳定宏观经济政策的财政政策、货币政策和供给管理政策等。

本课程的教学难点是利用数学工具推导相关理论，使学生能够在比较规范的分析框架上，运用现代经济学的分析方法分析国内外宏观经济现象，掌握建立经济学模型的基本方法。

五、课程教学方法与教学手段课程采用多媒体教学，课堂讲授和讨论相结合。

通过案例导入和国内外宏观经济问题的分析，展开讨论，激发学生对中级宏观经济学的学习兴趣六、课程教学内容（一）第一章国民收入核算（2学时）1.教学内容（1）产品的生产队生产要素的支付；（2）支出与需求的组成；（3）一些重要的恒等式；（4）计量国内生产总值；（5）通货膨胀与价格指数。

2024年统计师之中级统计师工作实务通关题库(附带答案)

2024年统计师之中级统计师工作实务通关题库(附带答案)单选题（共45题）1、下列各项中属于消费范围的是（）。

A.爷爷接送孙子上学B.妈妈在家做饭C.儿子在家饭后涮碗D.爸爸在家修理自行车时购买的配件【答案】 D2、能源生产总量年平均增长速度除以国民经济年平均增长速度得到的指标是（）。

A.能源增长系数B.能源弹性系数C.能源生产弹性系数D.能源消费弹性系数【答案】 C3、工业企业科技活动的统计范围是()。

A.大中型企业的科学研究与试验发展及其成果应用B.技术开发C.基础研究D.科技服务【答案】 A4、《统计法》规定的统计的组织实施机关及其工作人员与统计调查对象在统计活动、统计调查中形成的社会关系中，不包括（）。

A.统计行政机关和统计工作人员的职权、职责B.统计行政机关和统计工作人员的民事权利、义务C.统计调查对象的权利、义务D.违法统计法所应承担的法律责任【答案】 B5、根据《统计违法违纪行为处分规定》，包庇、纵容统计违法违纪行为情节较重的，对有关责任人员给予（）处分。

A.警告B.记过或者记大过C.降级或者撤职D.开除【答案】 C6、《中华人民共和国统计法实施细则》属于（）。

A.统计法律B.统计行政法规C.法规性文件D.统计基本法【答案】 B7、根据以下资料计算：2007年我国能源生产总量年平均增长速度为6．5％，能源消费量年平均增长速度为7．8％，电力生产量年平均增长速度为14．5％，电力消费量年平均增长速度为14．4％，国民经济年平均增长速度为1 1．9％。

A.1.5B.0.22C.1.22D.0.45【答案】 C8、下列选项中可以设立独立的统计机构的是( )。

A.某村村委会B.某镇政府C.某县政府D.某市人大常委会【答案】 C9、下列关于失业率的表述中正确的是（）。

A.按资料来源分，失业率可分为调查失业率和登记失业率B.我国的调查失业率由于尚未与国际劳工组织标准对接，因此尚不具备可比性C.国家统计局自2018年6月起发布全国城镇调查失业率和31个大城市城镇调查失业率D.调查失业率和登记失业率尽管在调查对象、调查方法、指标涵义和计算方法等方面存在差异，但两者的作用基本相同【答案】 A10、以下哪一指标反映人均国民财富水平（）。

中宏作业Homework_1-答案及部分解析

Intermediate MacroeconomicsSpring 2012 Problem Set 1评分标准：1.总分100分，错误题目扣分从100分起扣，最低为70分，不再继续往下扣分。

2. 选择题每题3分，其中第7,9题不计分，选错为0分，若选错但在解释答案是有合理成分的，可以得1到2分。

3. 2,3,5,6,7题每题10分。

4. 第4题不计分。

1.Multiple choice1) Primarily, macroeconomists use microeconomic principles to study A) business cycles and trends in the stock market. B) long-run economic growth and antitrust policies.C) trends in the stock market and long-term economic growth. D) long-run economic growth and business cycles. Answer: D2)The relationship between the level of growth of an economic variable, g t , and its level, y t , is best approximated as A) g t =y t y t 1.B) g t = log y t - log y t -1. C) y t = log g t - log g t -1. D) log g t = y t - y t -1.Answer: B3) The business cycle component of the log of real per-capita GNP is equal to A) log of actual real GNP - log of trend GNP. B) log of trend GNP ÷ log of actual real GNP. C) log of trend GNP - log of actual real GNP. D) log of actual real GNP ÷ log of trend GNP. Answer: A4) For the study of economic growth, it is most helpful to examine movements in ________; for the study of business cycles, it is most helpful to examine movements in ________.A) trend GNP; trend GNPB) trend GNP; deviations from trend in GNPC) deviations from trend in GNP; trend GNPD) deviations from trend in GNP; deviations from trend in GNPAnswer: B5) Suppose that GDP is equal to 1000, national saving is equal to 200, the current account deficit is equal to 100, and the government budget deficit is equal to 50. Investment must equalA) 150.B) 200.C) 250.D) 300.Answer: D6) When we try to measure real GDP and the price level, if we underestimate the growth in real GDP, we willA) always underestimate the rate of inflation.B) sometimes underestimate the rate of inflation.C) always overestimate the rate of inflation.D) sometimes overestimate the rate of inflation.Answer: CFor the following questions, suppose an economy produces only pens and pencils, and that the quantity and price data is given by this table:7)What is the real GDP in year 2 using base year 1?A) $418B) $300.C) $360.D) $338.Answer: D注：本题答案有错，应该是348.8) What is the real GDP in year 2 using base year 2?A) $418.B) $300.C) $360.D) $338.Answer: A9) What is approximately the growth rate of real GDP using base year 1?A) 13%B) 20%C) 33%D) 39%注：本题答案有错，应该是16%。

Homework4参考答案

作业4中国是一个发展中的环境大国，目前正面临着发展经济和保护环境的双重任务。

在全面推进现代化建设的过程中，中国政府从国情出发，并吸取世界上其他一些国家的经验，把环境保护作为一项基本国策，把实现可持续发展作为一个重大战略，在全国范围内开展了大规模的污染防治和生态环境保护工作。

China is a developing country currently facing a dual task of developing economy and protecting the environment. In the process of pressing ahead with its modernization drive, the Chinese Government proceeds from the reality and absorbs the experience of other countries to take environmental protection as its basic State policy.可持续发展作为一项重大战略，中国解决污染防治工作全面展开，结合压缩过剩生产能力，关闭、淘汰了一大批技术落后、浪费资源、污染环境的企业，加强生态环境保护和建设已成为资源开发和经济建设的重要前提。

Taking sustainable development as a major strategy, China works hard to control and treat pollution and protect the eco-environment. For this purpose, efforts were made to curtail glut production capacity, and close down a large number of technologically backward enterprises which are resourcesguzzlers and polluters. In undertaking resource development and economic construction, what is stressed is protection and construction of eco-environment.经过多年的努力，全国环境污染加剧的趋势基本得到控制，部分城市和地区的环境质量有所改变，生态保护和建设得到进一步加强。

北大光华宏观经济学Homework2

北大光华宏观经济学Homework2Guanghua School of Management, Peking University Se Yan Intermediate Macroeconomics Spring 2012Homework Assignment 2Due on April 12th for Chinese Session and April 18th for English Session Question 1 (30 pts): Suppose prices are sticky in the short run, but fully flexible in the long run (Keynesian model). The economy is initially in the long-run equilibrium. Now suppose that droughts in Yunnan Province and floods in Hubei Province substantially reduce food production in China.a.(15 pts) Use the aggregate demand –aggregate supply model to illustrategraphically the impact in the short run and the long run of this adverse supply shock. (Be sure to label the axes, the curves, the initial equilibrium values, the direction the curves shift, the short-run equilibrium values, and the long-run equilibrium values) State in words what happens to prices and output in the short run and the long run.b.(15 pts) If the central bank of China would like to stabilize the output, should thebank keep the money supply constant in response to this adverse supply shock?Explain your answer.Question 2 (35 pts): In the Keynesian cross, assume that the consumption function is given byC Y T=+?2000.75()Planned investment is 100; government purchases and taxesare both 100.a.(10 pts)Graph planned expenditure as a function of income.b.(5 pts) What is the equilibrium level of income?c. (10 pts) If government purchases increase to 125, what is the new equilibriumincome? What is the government purchase multiplier?d.(10 pts) What level of government purchases is needed to achieve an income of1600?Question 3 (35 pts): Consider the following model of the economy:Aggregate Expenditure:1700.6()20010040350C Y T T I rG =+?==?= Money:0.7560600ds M Y r P M P=?=a. (8 pts) Derive the expressions for IS curve and LM curve.b. (7 pts) Find the value of real income and the real interest rate in an IS-LMequilibrium.c. (10 pts) Suppose the government expands the money supply. Illustrate theeffects on GDP and the interest rate on a graph of the IS and LM curves. Clearly label the axes, the curves and the points of intersection before and after the change in the money supply.d. (10 pts) Suppose that the investment function is independent of the interestrate and is given by the expression 0I I =. The government expands the moneysupply. . Illustrate the effects on a new graph and describe briefly why your result is different from part c.。