阅读教程2长句难句结构分析及翻译
新世纪商务英语本科生 第二版 商务英语阅读教程2 Unit8答案及注解
Unit Eight Marketing (I)Part I Pre-reading Questions1.How can businesses attract more customers with similar products and services?答案范例：With similar products and services, businesses can attract more customers by means of high quality, competitive price, diverse channel, and effective marketing.2.Is branding important? Why?答案范例：Yes, branding is important for the following reasons:a)Branding demonstrates a company’s promise to its customers.b)Effective branding promotes recognition.c)Effective branding helps to build trust with customers..d)Branding provides motivation and direction for the staff.3.What makes a successful salesman?答案范例：There are some key ingredients of a successful salesman, such as:a)They aim high.b)They keep close contact with the customers.c)They pay close attention to market changes.d)They collaborate extensively, both internally and externally.e)They are always on the lookout for the opponents.Part II Extensive Reading段落大意难句解析词汇Text A1. 主旨归纳本文通过星巴克在遭遇困境时作出运营调整的事例，说明企业要想为股东创造长期价值，就必须为顾客和员工创造长期价值。
新世纪商务英语本科生 第二版 商务英语阅读教程2 Unit6答案及注解
Unit Six TravelPart I Pre-reading Questions1.How often do you travel? What’s the purpose of your last travel?答案范例：I usually travel twice every year, once during the summer vacation and once during the winter vacation. My last travel was to visit the Great Pyramid of Gaza.2.Does tourism promote international peace? How?答案范例：Yes, it does. Tourism can promote cultural understanding, mutual respect and peace dialogues at national and international levels.It also creates incredible opportunities for strengthening cross-border relations.3.What do you think contributes to a wonderful destination?答案范例：Many features such as friendly atmosphere, a safe environment, beautiful scenery, charming attractions, delicious food and comfortable accommodation can contribute to a wonderful destination.Part II Extensive Reading段落大意难句解析词汇TEXT A1.主旨归纳：文章从经济发展、科技和创新、旅游服务等方面对旅游业的影响，证明旅游消费者和零售商将面临又一个黄金期。
长句复杂句翻译PPT课件
• 我心中思衬（1），在一个黑人面前表现得如此有失女士 风度（4），倘若得知这个黑人其实是白人时（3），不知 她作何感想（2）。
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• Finally，because the ultimate take holders are patients，the health research community should actively recruit应该积极争取to its cause not only well -known personalities such as Stephen Cooper，who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research，but all who receive medical treatment.
• 译文：最后，因为最有发言权的人是病人，医疗 研究机构不仅应该积极争取斯蒂芬·库柏这样曾大 胆陈述动物研究价值的名人来支持自己的事业， 而且应该争取所有接受过治疗的人的支持。
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• 英语习惯于用长的句子表达比较复杂的概 念， 汉语不同，常常使用若干短句，清晰 简洁地表达，
• 在进行长句翻译时，要特别注意英语和汉 语之间的差异，一般采取下列方法
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长句翻译的操作方法： 理顺原句内部关系，理出句中包含的各语义点
• I wondered （1）how she would feel（2）if she learned that the Negro（3）before whom she had behaved in such an unladylike manner（4）was in fact a white man（3）.
新世纪商务英语本科生 第二版 商务英语阅读教程2 Unit11答案及注解
Unit ElevenPart I Pre-reading Questions1.What is logistics according to your own knowledge?答案范例：Logistics is used more broadly to refer to the process of coordinating and moving resources – people, materials, inventory, and equipment – from one location to storage at the desired destination. It may involve the integration of information flow, materials handling, production, packaging, inventory, transportation, warehousing, and often security.2.What is the goal of logistics?答案范例：The goal of logistics is to ensure that resources are moved to the destination more efficiently and timely.3.Are supply chains important in the global economy? Why?答案范例：Yes, they are. Supply chains encompass the planning and management of all activities involved in sourcing and procurement, conversion, and all logistics management activities. They also include coordination and collaboration with channel partners, which can be suppliers, intermediaries, third-party service providers, and customers. In essence, supply chains integrate supply and demand management within and across companies.Part II Extensive Reading段落大意难句解析词汇Text A1. 主旨归纳文章通过对沃尔玛总部配销中心的流水线工作场景介绍，引出供应链管理概念，并指出其在当今世界商业活动中扮演着重要角色。
商务英语阅读教程Unit 2
Unit 2 Multinational CorporationPart I Pre-reading Questions1.Multinational corporations are business entities that operate in more than one country. One typical function is located in one country, while other facilities are located in other countries. In some circles, this type of corporation refers to a multinational enterprise or a transnational corporation.2. Multinational corporations have many branches at home and abroad, and their strategic objectives are oriented to the international market, aiming at maximizing global profits and controlling foreign companies through holdings.3. Corporate social responsibility refers to the responsibility for consumers, the community and the environment while creating profits for shareholders and the staff. The social responsibility of the enterprise requires taking the profit as the goal, emphasizing the concern of the human value in the production process and the contribution to the environment, consumers and society.Part II Extensive ReadingText A Going Global1.主旨归纳：The function of CSR has become more and more important in the world. Manycompanies begin to focus on the establishment of CSR. We are aware of the significance that CSR takes a part in obtaining certification and establishing the brand of a corporation. CSR will continue to expand across the globe if the market remains to open up.2.结构分析Part I The rich countries like Britain, America and Japan focus on different aspects of CSR. (Paras. 1-2)Part II The lead on CSR shifts from the rich world to the big emerging markets. (Paras. 3-13)A.India wants to improve basic services like schools and health care.B.China begins to redefine CSR to gain acceptability and build the brand.C.NGOs make great efforts to manage their reputation.Part III The conclusion: CSR has influenced the emerging countries, which will continue if markets stay open. (Paras. 14-18)3. 难句解析(1) Such differences in priorities are bound to grow in importance as the BRIC countries — Brazil, Russia, India and China — and other emerging markets gain in economic clout and confidence. (Para. 3)随着金砖四国（巴西、俄罗斯、印度和中国）以及其他新兴市场的经济影响力和自信的不断增强，发展优先性方面的差异一定会变得越来越重要。
英语阅读理解难点及长句解析
阅读理解难点和长句解析一类是由一些固定的词组搭配所构成的长句，如so（such）……that（如此……以致……，not only……but also （不仅……-而且……-），not……but（不是……而是……），so as……to（如此……以致……），transform……from……into……（把……从……改变为……），not so much……as……（不是……而是……）as……as……（像……一样）等；另一类是由多个插入成分或并列结构过多构成的长句。
对于前者我们只需抓住固定搭配所连接的主干，分步理解；后者则直接抓住句子的主干，分步理解。
下面就近年来阅读真题文章中所出现的“长难句”逐一进行分析（“/” 表示断句标示，适当的断句可以帮考生很好地理解句意）。
The Olympian athletic festival/held every four years/in honor of Zeus, king of the Olympian Gods, /eventually lost its local character, became first a national event and then, after the rules against foreign competitors had been abolished，international.分析：本句实际是由几个简单的并列句组成的一个长句，省略了共同的主语The Olympian athletic festival.补充省略部分，该句可理解为以下简单句的句意组合：The Olympian athletic festival held every four years in honor of Zeus, king of the Olympian Gods.The Olympian athletic festival eventually lost its local character.After the rules against foreign competitors had been abolished, the Olympian athletic festival became first a national event and then, international.翻译：奥林匹克运动会最初是为了纪念Zeus（奥林匹亚的一个神），每四年主办一次，最终它丧失了原-有的地方色彩，逐渐成为一种国家级体育盛事。
英语阅读理解中长难句的解析方法
英语阅读理解中长难句的解析方法
英语阅读理解中长难句的解析方法
英语长句一般指的是各种复杂句，复杂句里可能有多个从句，从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、嵌套，也可能并列，平行。
所以翻译长句，实际上我们的重点主要放在对各种从句的翻译上。
从功能来说，英语有三大复合句，即：①名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；②形容词性从句，即我们平常所说的定语从句；③状语从句。
一、什么是长难句，特点和分析方法
复合长句即包含各种语法关系和特殊句型的句子。
英语多长句，这是因为英语可以有后置定语。
扩展的.后置定语可以是带从句或长修饰语的复杂句。
这些句子结构复杂，逻辑性强。
但是，无论多长的句子、多么复杂的结构，它们都是由一些基本的成分组成的。
只要弄清英语原文的句法结构，找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思，然后分析各层意思之间的逻辑关系。
下面我们从结构、逻辑以及中的长难句来解析长难句的翻译以及理解。
二、英语长句的特点是什么？
英语长句一般指的是各种复杂句，复杂句里可能有多个从句，从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、嵌套，也可能并列，平行。
所以翻译长句，实际上我们的重点主要放在对各种从句的翻译上。
从功能来说，英语有三大复合句，即：①名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；②形容词性从句，即我们平常所说的定语从句；③状语从句。
阅读中理解长句难句的技巧
阅读中理解长句难句的技巧阅读中理解长句难句的技巧一个英语句子之所以难以理解，有许多原因，其中一个主要原因是句子太长或者句子结构复杂。
句子过长或者复杂无非是该句除了主干之外还包含了一些附加部分，如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等等。
这些附属成分常有逗号或分隔符号与句子隔开，且插在一个句子中间，使本来完整的句子被断开，因而增加句意理解的难度。
我们可以用简化法来理解——把长句简短化。
简化理解可分两个步骤。
第一步是跳读。
所谓跳读就是跳过那些附加部分，找出句子的主干并理解其意义。
第二步是理解附加部分。
这种做法能够分解句子难度，使长句短化，难句易化，从而更容易更准确地理解一个句子。
全国英语高考题的第1篇阅读理解为例，这篇文章有194个单词，却只有9个句子，平均每个句子大约有22个单词。
文章如下：Tristan da Cunha, a 38-square-mile island, is the farthest inhabited island in the world, according to the Guinness Book of Records. It is 1,510 miles southwest of its nearest neighbor St. Helena, and 1,950 miles west of Africa. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral(葡萄牙海军上将) of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.Coming in a close second——and often wrongly mentioned as the most distant island——is Easter Island, which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbour, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America.The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century, supposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than1,000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous.On Easter Sunday, 1722, however, settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name. Today, 2,000 people live on the Chilean territory(智利领土). They share one street, a small airport and a few hours of television per day.(1) 跳读插入语请看文章第一段的第一句。
阅读长,难句的分析
第一章简单句与复合句1．1 简单句的五种句型大家知道，英语的句子结构是非常有规律的，一个完整的句子都是由两部分组成：陈述对象+陈述内容这里的陈述对象一般是由名词或相当于名词的成分来充当，用语法术语来说叫做主语。
而陈述内容则是说明主语怎么样了，都是用动词来表达，我们称之为谓语。
因此，一个完整的英文句子就是：主语+谓语有了主语和谓语动词之后，一个句子的基本骨架结构就成形了。
但意思往往还不完整，还需要在动词后面接其他成分。
具体要接什么成分，这是由谓语动词决定的，动词决定了一个句子是否有宾语，或者有几个宾语，或者是否需要补足语以及状语。
因此，我们可以说，谓语动词决定了一个句子的骨架结构。
这就给我们两点启示：一、关于读难句，我们今后在分析复杂难句结构时，首先就要找到句子谓语，包括主句的谓语以及各个从句的谓语；二、关于写句子，在构造句子时，一定要知道谓语动词的用法特点，比如该动词后面能接宾语吗?接什么形式的宾语?接不定式作宾语还是动名词作宾语?等等，这些问题无不由谓语动词决定。
所以，在下列句型分析中，我们要特别注意每一种句型的谓语动词特点。
根据动词后面是否有宾语和补语，我们可以把句子分为五种，即构成英语简单句的五种基本句型。
具体如下：1．1．1 句型一：主语+系动词+主语补足语(或者称作表语)该句型的谓语动词是系动词(如be或其他系动词)，所谓系动词(Linking Verb)，又叫连系动词，顾名思义，这种动词并没有具体的动作，只是起连接主语和后面成分的作用。
这种动词后面所接的成分是用来说明主语的特点，表明主语的性质特征，因此，我们称之为主语补足语或表语(能表示主语特征的成分)。
请看例句：(1)Vitamins are organic compounds．维生素是一种有机化合物。
(2)Vitamins are organic compounds necessary for the normal growth of life．维生素是一种有机化合物，是生命正常生长所必不可少的。
英语阅读理解难点及长句解析
厦门北上专升本冲刺班 1班阅读理解难点和长句解析一类是由一些固定的词组搭配所构成的长句，如 so （such ）……that（如此……以致……，not only……but also （不仅……-而且……-），not……but（不是……而是……），so as……to（如此……以致……），transform……from……into……（把……从……改变为……），not so much……as……（不是……而是……）as……as……（像……一样）等；另一类是由多个插入成分或并列结构过多构成的长句。
对于前者我们只需抓住固定搭配所连接的主干，分步理解；后者则直接抓住句子的主干，分步理解。
下面就近年来阅读真题文章中所出现的“长难句”逐一进行分析（“/” 表示断句标示，适当的断句可以帮考生很好地理解句意）。
， international.分析：补充省略部分，该句可理解为以下简单句的句意组合：event and then, international.翻译：，每四年主办一次，最终它丧失了原-有的地国际性的体育盛事。
Aristotle, for example, whose natural the Western thought for two thousand years, believed that/man arrive an understanding by reasoning from self-evident principle/that everything in the分析：Aristotle believed that man could ，然后再逐步理解其他成分。
whose natural 是对Aristotle 的补充说明。
everything in the universe has its proper place, deduce that objects fall to the ground because that's where it belongs 是对self-evident principleAristotle believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principle.Aristotle's natural science dominated the Western thought for two thousand years.Self-evident principle is that everything in the universe has its proper place, hence one can deduce that objects fall to the ground because that's where it belongs.厦门北上专升本冲刺班 1班翻译：举个例子吧，亚里士多德，他的自然科学理论统治了整个西方思想长达两千年之久。
英语阅读理解中的长句与难句解析
英语阅读理解中的长句与难句解析在英语学习中，阅读理解是一个重要的环节，而其中长句与难句的理解往往是学生们面临的挑战。
长句和难句结构复杂、词汇丰富，需要我们运用一定的技巧和方法来准确解析，从而把握其含义。
长句通常是指包含多个从句、短语或者修饰成分的句子。
它们的出现是为了更精确、更丰富地表达思想，但也给读者的理解带来了一定的困难。
比如：“The book that I bought yesterday, which was recommended by my friend, is very interesting and informative” 这个句子中包含了一个定语从句“that I bought yesterday” 和一个非限定性定语从句“which was recommended by my friend” ，使得句子长度增加，理解起来颇具难度。
难句则可能是由于词汇生僻、语法结构特殊、逻辑关系隐晦等原因造成的。
例如：“Notwithstanding the complexity of the issue, a solution was eventually found thr ough collaborative efforts” 其中“Notwithstanding” 这个词较为生僻，可能会给理解带来障碍。
那么，如何解析这些长句和难句呢？首先，我们要学会划分句子结构。
找到句子的主干，即主语、谓语和宾语，这是理解句子的关键。
对于上面提到的第一个例子，其主干是“The book is very interesting and informative” ，明确了这一点，再去理解其他的修饰成分就会容易许多。
其次，要善于识别各种从句和短语。
定语从句、状语从句、宾语从句等在长句中十分常见。
比如，“When he arrived at the station, the train had already left” 这是一个时间状语从句，我们要明白“When he arrivedat the station” 是对整个句子动作发生时间的描述。
长句分析以及翻译
应试指导：试说英文长句的拆译中英文语法结构不同，英文可随时插入定语，对名词作进一步的阐述；插入状语，对谓语动词加以修饰和限制，逐渐形成结构复杂、逻辑严密的长句。
一、长句的拆分英文长句皆由充当定语、状语、介词(短语)、不定式、分词短语或由关系代词、关系副词引导的各种从句所形成。
这些成分所处的位置通常就是应该作拆分处理的位置。
把长句拆成若干短句，比如说把一个定语从句拆成另一独立句，或是一个主谓结构；同时根据原文意思在词序上作必要的调整，试看一例：(1)In Africa I met a boy,(2) who was crying as if his heart would break andsaid,(3)when I spoke to him,(4)that he was hungry ,(5) because he had had no food for two days.(1)在非洲，我遇到一个小孩，(2)他哭得很伤心。
(3)我问他为什么哭，(4)他说肚子饿，(5)两天没有吃东西了。
这个英文句子的叙述层次与汉语相同，所以可以按原文顺序，依次作顺拆处理。
二、汉语的还原有些长句理解起来并非困难，只是各种成分交织在一起，即便是采用拆译法也颇感不易。
要是按原文词序直译，中文显得累赘冗长，且十分欧化，不堪卒读；拆开来译又觉得各种成分之间松散脱节，顾此失彼，难成一体。
因此在处理这类长句时还要求译者掌握一些"还原"的技巧。
再看一例：(1)"In my statement at the fifth special session of the General Assembly on 18May this year,(2)with insight gained ,(3)as a member of the negotiating group ,(4)which elaborated the draft of resolution 2248(S-V),(5)I stated that...""(3)(4)我由于参加了拟订第2248(S-V)号决议草案协商小组的工作，(2)而得以洞察事情的真相，(1)所以我在今年五月十八日联合国第五次特别会议的发言中，(5)就能够指出……"经过仔细分析，不难发现译者在使各个片段的语意连接上下了不小的工夫。
长句难句解析
阅读理解长句难句解析做阅读理解，当我们遇到长句和难句时，我们应该找到句子的主干（主语、谓语、宾语、表语）。
1、英语最基本句子结构主语：Deer are animals.谓语：谓语动词有不及物动词、系动词和及物动词三大类。
及物动词用vt. 表示和不及物动词用vi. 表示A有些动词只是及物动词; 它们不可以单独用，后面必须跟宾语。
{F: They always want after lunch.R: They always want a cup of tea after lunch.{F: He is sending now.R: He is sending a letter now.B有些动词只是不及物动词；它们可以单独用，如果后面想接宾语，动词后面必须加上介词。
{R: He is looking around.F: He is looking .R: He is looking at me.R: He is listening carefully.F: He is listening.R: He is listening to the teacher carefully.系动词：6种。
状、持、表，感，变，终1）状态系动词用来表示主语性质或状态，只有be一词，例如：He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。
2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
3）表像系动词用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
4）感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布手感很软。
英语阅读理解难点及长句解析
厦门北上专升本冲刺班 1班阅读理解难点和长句解析一类是由一些固定的词组搭配所构成的长句，如 so （such ）……that（如此……以致……，not only……but also （不仅……-而且……-），not……but（不是……而是……），so as……to（如此……以致……），（把……从……改变为……），not so transform……from……into……much……as……（不是……而是……）as……as……（像……一样）等；另一类是由多个插入成分或并列结构过多构成的长句。
对于前者我们只需抓住固定搭配所连接的主干，分步理解；后者则直接抓住句子的主干，分步理解。
表示断句下面就近年来阅读真题文章中所出现的“长难句”逐一进行分析（“/” 标示，适当的断句可以帮考生很好地理解句意）。
， international.分析：补充省略部分，该句可理解为以下简单句的句意组合：event and then, international.翻译：，每四年主办一次，最终它丧失了原-有的地国际性的体育盛事。
Aristotle, for example, whose natural the Western thought for two thousand years, believed that/man arrive an understanding by reasoning from self-evident principle/that everything in the分析：Aristotle believed that man could ，然后再逐步理解其他成分。
whose natural 是对Aristotle 的补充说明。
everything in the universe has its proper place, deduce that objects fall to the ground because that's where it belongs是对self-evident principleAristotle believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principle.Aristotle's natural science dominated the Western thought for two thousand years.Self-evident principle is that everything in the universe has its proper place, hence one can deduce that objects fall to the ground because that's where it belongs.厦门北上专升本冲刺班 1班翻译：举个例子吧，亚里士多德，他的自然科学理论统治了整个西方思想长达两千年之久。
阅读理解中的难点攻略长句的解读技巧
阅读理解中的难点攻略长句的解读技巧阅读理解中的难点攻略：长句的解读技巧随着学习深入，阅读理解成为学生们学习的重要一环。
然而，对于许多学生来说，阅读理解中最令人头疼的问题之一就是长句的解读。
长句通常结构复杂，词语繁多，理解起来颇具挑战性。
本文将为大家分享一些攻略，帮助解决阅读理解中长句带来的困扰。
一、快速抓住主干当我们面对一长串词语的长句时，往往难以一下子理解其整个结构。
为了迅速理解长句，我们可以着重抓住句子的主干部分。
主干通常包括主语、谓语和宾语，是句子的核心部分，理解了主干，整个长句的意思也就呼之欲出了。
例如，我们遇到这样一句话：The book, which was written by a famous author, is highly recommended by critics.（这本书是由一位著名作家写的，备受评论家推崇。
）在这个句子中，我们可以将"The book is highly recommended by critics"作为主干部分，而"which was written by a famous author"则是对这本书的进一步说明。
这样，我们可以先理解主干，再逐步解读其他部分。
二、明确关键词及其修饰语长句中常常包含大量修饰语，这些修饰语对于我们理解整个句子的含义非常重要。
因此，我们需要注意关键词及其修饰语的位置和作用，以确保准确理解长句的含义。
举个例子，考虑以下句子：The passionate and talented young musician, who has won numerous awards, performed flawlessly at the concert.（这位充满激情且才华横溢的年轻音乐家，在音乐会上表现出色，并获得了无数奖项。
）在这个例句中，关键词是"young musician"，我们需要关注它的修饰语"passionate and talented"以及"who has won numerous awards"。
英语长句难句长句难句的阅读翻译对策
考研英语的难度应该会更大！ 六级平均320个词，考研的阅读是平均400个词
考研英语的主要是考理解能力、阅读的速度是放在第二位的
01
六级的阅读理解首先考核的是阅读的速度，再其次是它的理解正确率
02
作文：考研要求写两篇作文，一篇应用作文，一篇学术作文
六级的作文要求150个词，考研要求200个词
不正确的解题思路或备考方法阻碍了自己应试能力的飞跃
在做题过程中一定要反思
01
要学会总结
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要知彼知己，有针对性复习
03
有交叉的
要求有重点、有节奏、有计划地复习 既要有阶段性重点，同时也要兼顾前后
1
2
以自己的现有水平和备考过程中的提高程度来定
备考之初就开始大量地做模拟试题不好
在临近考试的前一两个月里，要保持“热身”状态，坚持每周做真题，并对自己做错的题认真思考，找出问题，修正自己的解题思路
由于应该放在句首的成分太长，因此倒装到句末（可能是一种人为现象）
01
02
03
考查能力：大脑的排序能力
需要经过训练后才能按正常语序读。
In large part as a consequence of the feminist movement, historians have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in various periods. 在很大程度上，由于女权主义运动（feminist movement）的缘故，史学家近年来汇聚了大量的注意力，来更为准确地确定妇女在各个历史时期的地位。
长句复杂句翻译
• Finally，because the ultimate take holders are patients，the health research community should actively recruit应该积极争取to its cause not only well -known personalities such as Stephen Cooper，who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research，but all who receive medical treatment.
一、分析长句 一般来说，这些长句的共同点就是同位语、定语和 分句很多，主语和谓语之间的距离很远，还时常 伴有插入成分，所以理解长句的要领就是先找出 主干，化繁为简，然后再看各个分句或修饰成分 与它的关系。 （一）分析句子，找出全句的主语、谓语、宾语。 （二）找出句中非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引 导词。 （三）分析从句和短语的作用，是主从、宾从、表 从等还是 某种状语等。 （四）注意插入语等其他成分。 （五）注意一些固定句型、固定搭配等。
practice
• I wondered how she would feelif she learned that the Negrobefore whom she had behaved in such an unladylike mannerwas in fact a white man.
长句翻译的操作方法： 理顺原句内部关系，理出句中包含的各语义点
综合法
• 实际上，在翻译一个英语长句时，并不只 是单纯地使用一种翻译方法，因为有些英 语长句顺译或逆译都不合适，分译也有困 难，单纯地使用一种译法不能译出地道的 汉语，此时就应仔细琢磨，或按时间先， 或按逻辑顺序，顺逆结合，有主有次地进 行综合处理。
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Unit 1 The Happiness and Sadness of Hollywood Stars好莱坞影星的快乐和悲伤1.Hollywood suggests glamour, a place where the young star-struck teenagers could, with abit of luck, fulfill their dreams. Hollywood suggests luxurious houses with vast palm-fringed swimming pools，cocktail bars and furnishings fit for a millionaire.句子分析：句子主干：Hollywood suggests glamoura place where….是Hollywood的同位语，where…..dreams引导的是地点定语从句, with a bit of luck作插入语。
with vast palm-fringed swimming pools作定语修饰luxurious houses。
palm-fringed作定语修饰swimming pools。
fit for a millionaire作定语从句，相当于that are fit for a millionaire.翻译：好莱坞让人想起一种魅力，在这个地方那些追星的年轻人，如果运气好的话，可以实现他们的梦想。
好莱坞还让人联想起由棕榈树围绕的大游泳池，鸡尾酒会和适合百万富翁的家具陈设。
2.Hollywood's fame and fortune reached its peak in the 1930s and 1940s, the golden days ofthe black and white movies.句子分析：the golden days of the black and white movies作the 1930s and 1940s的同位语。
翻译：在二十世纪三十年代至四十年代，好莱坞的名声和财产都达到了顶峰，那是黑白电影的黄金时光。
3.Many of the girls got jobs in cafes or gas stations, and as they served their customers theytossed their heads and swung their hips, hoping to attract the attention of some important persons connected with the movies.句子分析：句子主干：Many of the girls got jobs...and ...they tossed their heads and swung their hips..as they served their customers引导时间状语，hoping to attract...是伴随状语。
connected with the movies作后置定语，相当于who are connected with the movies.翻译：很多女孩儿在咖啡馆或是加油站找到了工作，当她们招待客人的时候，会甩甩头发或是扭屁股，以期引起某些与电影有关系的重要人物的注意。
4. As for the stars themselves, they were held on a tight rein by the studio chiefs who could make or break all but the stars with really big appeal.句子分析：who could make or break all but the stars with really big appeal定语从句修饰the studio chiefs，其中all后面省略了stars, but表示“除了...”。
翻译：那么，那些影星自己又怎么样呢？他们被电影公司头目给紧紧地束缚住了。
除了那些真正确实有感染力的影星，那些头目能决定影星的命运。
5.Many studio chiefs were tyrants, determined to get their own way at all costs, no matterhow unscrupulous the means.句子分析：句子主干：Many studio chiefs were tyrants。
determined to get their own way at all costs是定语从句，省略了who are。
at all costs和no matter how unscrupulous the means都作状语。
句型no matter how +形容词+主语+谓语，这里主语the means后面省略了are。
翻译：很多电影公司的头目都是“暴君”，不管付出多大代价，不管方法多么不道德，他们总是为所欲为。
6. Only when they ceased to be stars did some of them discover that they were also good actors!句子分析：Only when...did...是倒装句。
当句首状语由“only+副词/介词词组/状语从句”构成时，句子须用倒装。
that they were also good actors是discover的宾语。
翻译：只有当他们停止不再当演员的时候，他们才会发现他们确实是太棒的演员。
7. Movie stars still live there, or in neighboring Beverley Hills, and so do many of the famous and wealthy people who have made their homes in southern California.句子分析：so do many... in southern California是倒装句,其中who have made...是定语从句。
翻译：许多影星仍然住在那儿，或是在临近的贝弗利小山，许多知名人士和富翁也在加利福尼亚南部定居。
Unit 5 New Lifestyle in China1. Business ventures such as real estate development, computer companies, and travel agencies have nurtured this new class of ambitious Chinese who have tasted "the good life" and wanted even more of it.句子分析：句子主干：Business ventures have nurtured this new class of ambitious Chinesesuch as表列举，who have….定语从句修饰ambitious Chinese。
翻译：创业企业如房地产开发、计算机公司和旅行社培育了这一新的雄心勃勃的中国阶层，这一阶层已经尝到了“美好生活”，甚至想得到更多。
2. Middle-aged successful company presidents, young professionals and even college students are optimistic, expecting the best in their future.句子分析：expecting the best in their future作状语，表伴随状态。
翻译：中年的成功公司总裁和年轻的专业人员，甚至大学生都很乐观，期待着未来最美好。
3.But it was not until the middle 90s that the material possessions of the newly-rich ----cellphones, computers, cars, houses-----were easily available.句子分析：It was not until…..that 是强调句型，“直到….才”。
翻译：直到20世纪90年代中期，新兴富豪才能轻易拥有手机、电脑、汽车和房子这些物质财产。
4.These high-tech entrepreneurs quit state enterprises to start private companies nearly adecade ago, when China started to transform from a planned to market economy.句子分析：to start private companies 不定式表目的，when 引导时间状语从句，planned后面省略了economy。
句型transform from…to 意思是“从….向….转变”翻译：近10年前，中国开始从计划经济转型为市场经济，这些高科技企业家便退出国有企业,创建了私人公司。
5.One such couple, who now run a large computer system company, live a life of luxury,with four cars ( two Mercedes, one Lincoln, one Ford), and several homes: a villa in Beijing, a country house, another house in California where their company has an American office.句子分析：句子主干：One such couple live a life of luxury.where their company has an American office是地点定语从句。
翻译：有这样一对夫妇,现在经营一家大型计算机系统公司,过上奢华的生活。
他们拥有四辆车（两部奔驰，一辆林肯，一辆福特），还有几个家：北京一栋别墅，还有一乡间住宅，在加州还有房子，他们美国的办公室就在加州。
6.One reason for their discomfort is that they realize that the prosperity - wealth that hascreated the group of newly-rich has not benefited all Chinese equally.句子分析：句子主干：One reason is that……(表语从句)表语从句中，that the prosperity - wealth ….all Chinese equally是宾语从句（其主干是the prosperity - wealth has not benefited all Chinese equally；而that has created the group of newly-rich定语从句修饰prosperity - wealth），翻译：他们不安的一个原因是,他们意识到造就这个新富豪群体的繁荣，并没有使所有中国人均受益。