中山大学2018年《241英语》考研专业课真题试卷
【最新整理】2018考研英语(一)真题及答案【完整版】(word版可编辑修改)
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2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一)答案在最后哦～Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A， B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it’s a necessary condition 1 many worthwhile things： child care， friendships, etc。
On the other hand, putting your 2, in the wrong place often carries ahigh 3。
4, why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. 5 people place their trust in an individual or an institution， their brains release oxytocin， a hormone that 6 pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that prompts humans to 7 with one another。
中山大学考研历年真题下载
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2018硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题和答案解析
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试真题英语二Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B , C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students’ wi llingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room. The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,” Hsee says. In other words, don’t read online comments.1. A. ignore B. protect C. discuss D. resolve2. A. refuse B. seek C. wait D. regret3. A. rise B. last C. hurt D. mislead4. A. alert B. expose C. tie D. treat5. A. trial B. message C. review D. concept6. A. remove B. deliver C. weaken D. interrupt7. A. Unless B. If C. When D. Though8. A. change B. continue C. disappear D. happen9. A. such as B. rather than C. regardless of D. owing to10. A. disagree B. forgive C. discover D. forget11. A. pay B. food C. marriage D. schooling12. A. begin with B. rest on C. lead to D. learn from13. A. inquiry B. withdrawal C. persistence D. diligence14. A. self-deceptive B. self-reliant C. self-evident D. self-destructive15. A. trace B. define C. replace D. resist16. A. conceal B. overlook C. design D. predict17. A. choose B. remember C. promise D. pretend18. A. relief B. outcome C. plan D. duty19. A. how B. why C. where D. whether20. A. limitations B. investments C. consequences D. strategiesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A],[B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain?As Koziatek know, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. School in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” he says.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point: That’s not the only thing the American economy needs. Yes, a bachelor’s degree opens more doors. But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skillmanufacturing. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them. Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of.A. academic trainingB. practical abilityC. pioneering spiritD. mechanical memorization22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.A. have a stereotyped mindB. have no career motivationC. are financially disadvantagedD. are not academically successful23. we can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.A. used to have more job opportunitiesB. used to have big financial concernsC. are entitled to more educational privilegesD. are reluctant to work in manufacturing24. The headlong push into bac helor’s degrees for all.A. helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB. may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC. indicates the overvaluing of higher educationD.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce25. The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.A. tolerantB. cautiousC. supportiveD. disappointedText 2While fossil fuels—coal，oil，gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it's clearer than ever that the future belong s to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world：They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables，especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland，for example，wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead，notably China and Europe，the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March，for the first time，wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated inthe US，reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa，he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message did not play well with many in Iowa，where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of t he state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?”has provided a quic k put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers，who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go，the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26.The word“ plummeting ”(Line 3，Para.2)is closest in meaning to.A. stabilizingB. changingC. fallingD. rising27. According to Paragraph 3，the use of renewable energy in America.A.is progressing notablyB.is as extensive as in EuropeC. faces many challengesD. has proved to be impractical28. It can be learned that in Iowa.A. wind is a widely used energy sourceB. wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC. tech giants are investing in clean energyD. there is a shortage of clean energy supply29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?A. Its application has boosted battery storage.B. It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D. Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will accelerate global environmental changeC.is not really encouraged by the US governmentD.is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn，but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the What’s App messaging service，which doesn’t have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities，but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages，the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist，what party whip，would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google，the two virtual giants，dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they’re selling is data，and we，the users，convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our in boxes. It doesn’t fe el likea human or democratic relationship，even if both sides benefit.31. According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its.A. digital productsB. user informationC. physical assetsD. quality service32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may.A. worsen political disputesB. mess up customer recordsC. pose a risk to Facebook usersD. mislead the European commission33. According to the author, competition law.A. should serve the new market powersB. may worsen the economic imbalanceC. should not provide just one legal solutionD. cannot keep pace with the changing market34. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because.A. they are not defined as customersB. they are not financially reliableC. the services are generally digitalD. the services are paid for by advertisers35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate.A. a win-win business model between digital giantsB. a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC. the benefits provided for digital giants’ customersD. the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world, recommends building a habit of “deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends “deeps cheduling” to combat const ant interruptions and get more done in less time.“At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”, he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy.”“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body...[idleness]is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,” he argues.Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be dueto the way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circui ts in their brain”. says Pillay.36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to ________.A. keep to your focus timeB. list your immediate tasksC. make specific daily plansD. seize every minute to work37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that ________.A. distractions may actually increase efficiencyB. daily schedules are indispensable to studyingC. students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsD. detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected38. According to Newport, idleness is ________.A. a desirable mental state for busy peopleB. a major contributor to physical healthC.an effective way to save time and energyD.an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused _______.A. can result in psychological well-beingB. can bring about greater efficiencyC.is aimed at better balance in workD.is driven by task urgency40. This text is mainly about _______.A. ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeB. approaches to getting more done in less timeC. the key to eliminating distractionsD. the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A. Just say itB. Be presentC. Pay a unique complimentD. Name, places, thingsE. Find the “me too”sF. Skip the small talkG. Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.41.____________Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says “I want to talk with this person”—this is something the mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won’t come out. It feels like it is stuck somewhere, I know the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.Just think: th at is the worst that could happen? They won’t talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”,“Hey”or “Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say “Hi”.42.____________It’s a problem all of us face: you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of “hi”,“hello”, “how are you?”and “what’s going on?” you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that’s can make it so memorable.So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43.____________When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point. When you start conversation from there and then move outwards, you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.44.____________Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask f or their attention you get the response “I can multitask”.So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.45.____________You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn’t that awkward!So remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to the place they want to go, the things they like, the thing the hate—whatever you talk about.When you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. So the feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That’s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!Section Ⅲ Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)A fifth garder gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough. He can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy” at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped r eading yet—not even after becoming one of the most science fiction and reference books; recently, he revealed that he reads at least so nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction title because they explain how the world works. “Each book opens up ne w avenues of knowledge,” Gates says.Section Ⅳ WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith. Write him an email to1) Apologize and explain the situation, and2) Suggest a future meeting.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write your address.(10 points)Part B48. Directions：Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing you should1) Interpret the chart and2) Give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)其他4.7%价格8.4%特色36.3%环境23.8%服务26.8%2017年某市消费者选择餐厅时的关注因素一、完形填空：1. A. resolveresolve 解决 protect 保护 discuss 讨论 ignore忽视联系上下文“the need to know”，显然是人类有解决未知(resolve uncertainty)的内在需要。
2018考研英语（二）真题附参考详细标准答案
2018考研英语（⼆）真题附参考详细标准答案2018考研英语（⼆）真题及参考答案（完整版）SectionⅠ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A],[B], [C] or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)b5E2RGbCAPWhy do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .p1EanqFDPwIn a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students’ willin gness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.DXDiTa9E3dTwenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room. The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.RTCrpUDGiTThe drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.5PCzVD7HxA Unhealthycuriosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,”Hsee says. In other words, don’t read online comments.jLBHrnAILg1.A.ignoreB.protectC.discussD.resolve2.A.refuseB.seekC.waitD.regret/doc/9991d13868eae009581b6bd97f1922791788be4c.html stC.hurtD.mislead4.A.alertB.exposeC.tieD.treat5.A.trialB.messageC.reviewD.concept6.A.removeB.deliverC.weakenD.interrupt7.A.UnlessB.IfC.WhenD.Though8.A.changeB.continueC.disappearD.happen9.A.such asB.rather thanC.regardless ofD.owing to10.A.disagreeB.forgiveC.discoverD.forget11.A.payB.foodC.marriageD.schooling12.A.begin withB.rest onC.lead toD.learn from13.A.inquiryB.withdrawalC.persistenceD.diligence14.A.self-deceptiveB.self-reliantC.self-evidentD.self-destructive xHAQX74J0X15.A.traceB.defineC.replaceD.resist16.A.concealB.overlookC.designD.predict17.A.chooseB.rememberC.promiseD.pretend18.A.reliefB.outcomeC.planD.duty19.A.howB.whyC.whereD.whether20.A.limitationsB.investmentsC.consequencesD.strategies LDAYtRyKfESection IIReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A],[B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Zzz6ZB2LtkText 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a betterfuture.dvzfvkwMI1Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain? rqyn14ZNXIAs Koziatek know, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.EmxvxOtOcoBut he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. School in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” hesays.SixE2yXPq5On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution.Manufacturing is not t he economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rightfully so.6ewMyirQFLBut the headlong push into bac helor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy needs.Yes,a bachelor’s degree opens moredoors.Buteven now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.kavU42VRUsIn other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that g ap.y6v3ALoS89Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.M2ub6vSTnP21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of.0YujCfmUCwA.academic trainingB.practical abilityC.pioneering spiritD.mechanical memorization22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.eUts8ZQVRdA.have a stereotyped mindB.have no career motivationC.are financially disadvantagedD.are not academically successful23.we can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.sQsAEJkW5T/doc/9991d13868eae009581b6bd97f1922791788be4c.html ed to have more job opportunities/doc/9991d13868eae009581b6bd97f1922791788be4c.html ed to have big financial concernsC.are entitled to more educational privilegesD.are reluctant to work in manufacturing24.The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.GMsIasNXkAA.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB.may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC.indicates the overvaluing of higher educationD.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.TIrRGchYzgA.tolerantB.cautiousC.supportiveD.disappointedText 2While fossil fuels—coal，oil，gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world：They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.7EqZcWLZNXSome growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummetingprices of renewables，especially windand solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.lzq7IGf02EIn many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland，for example，wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead，notably China and Europe，the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.In March，for the first time，wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US，reported the US Energy Information Administration.zvpgeqJ1hk President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth.In a recent speech inIowa，he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.But that message did not play well with many inIowa，where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.NrpoJac3v1The quest ion“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.1nowfTG4KIThe advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers，who are placing big bets on battery-powered electricvehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.fjnFLDa5ZoWhile th ere’s a long way to go，the trend lines for renewables are spiking.The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.tfnNhnE6e526.The word“plummeting”（Line 3，Para.2）is closest in meaning to.HbmVN777sLA.stabilizingB.changingC.fallingD.rising27.According to Paragraph 3，the use of renewable energy in America.V7l4jRB8HsA.is progressing notablyB.is as extensive as in EuropeC.faces many challengesD.has proved to be impractical28.It can be learned that in Iowa, .A.wind is a widely used energy sourceB.wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC.tech giants are investing in clean energyD.there is a shortage of clean energy supply29.Which ofthe following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?83lcPA59W9A.Its application has boosted battery storage.B.It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C.Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D.Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.mZkklkzaaP30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.AVktR43bpwA.will bring the US closer to other countriesB.will accelerate global environmental changeC.is not really encouraged by the US governmentD.is not competitive enough with regard to its cost ORjBnOwcEdText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn，but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service，which doesn’t have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’friendships and social lives．2MiJTy0dTTFacebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities，but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through．Even without knowing what was in the messages，the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be．What political journalist，what party whip，would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currentlyplotting?It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.gIiSpiue7ACompetition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power．But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power．But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them．The users of their services are not their customers．That would be the peoplewho buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google，the two virtual giants，dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies．uEh0U1YfmhThe product they’re selling is data，and we，the users，convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphidsfor the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield．Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes.It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship，even if both sides benefit．IAg9qLsgBX31. According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its.WwghWvVhPEA.digital products/doc/9991d13868eae009581b6bd97f1922791788be4c.html er informationC.physical assetsD.quality service32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may.asfpsfpi4kA.worsen political disputesB.mess up customer recordsC.pose a risk to Facebook usersD.mislead the European commission33.According to the author,competition law.A.should serve the new market powersB.may worsen the economic imbalanceC.should not provide just one legal solutionD.cannot keep pace with the changing market/doc/9991d13868eae009581b6bd97f1922791788be4c.html petition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because.ooeyYZTjj1A.they are not defined as customersB.they are not financially reliableC.the services are generally digitalD.the services are paid for by advertisers35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate.A.a win-win business model between digital giantsB.a typical competition pattern among digital giants BkeGuInkxIC.the benefits provided for digital giants’customers PgdO0sRlMoD.the relationship between digital giants and their users3cdXwckm15Text 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Cal Newport,author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world,recommends building a habit of “deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.h8c52WOngMThere are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specifictask;developing a daily ritual;or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.v4bdyGiousNewport also recommends “deepscheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time.“At any givenpoint,Ishould have deep work scheduled for ro ughly the next month.Once on the c alendar I protect this time like Iwould a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”,he writes.J0bm4qMpJ9Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harford, author of Messy:The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail,day by day.XVauA9grYPWhile the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks,they were wrong:the detailed daily plans demotivated students.Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.bR9C6TJscwIn order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime,or as Newport sugg ests,“be lazy.”pN9LBDdtrd“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;it is as indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D isto the body...[idleness]is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,”he argues.DJ8T7nHuGTSrini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task,they tend to be more efficient.QF81D7bvUA“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain”. says Pillay.4B7a9QFw9h36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to ________.ix6iFA8xoXA.keep to your focus timeB.list your immediate tasksC.make specific daily plansD.seize every minute to work37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that ________.wt6qbkCyDEA.distractions may actually increase efficiencyB.daily schedules are indispensable to studyingC.students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsD.detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected Kp5zH46zRk38. According to Newport, idleness is ________.A.a desirable mental state for busy peopleB.a major contributor to physical healthC.an effective way to save time and energyD.an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused _______.Yl4HdOAA61A.can result in psychological well-beingB.canbring about greater efficiencyC.is aimed at better balance in workD.is driven by task urgency40. This text is mainly about _______.A.ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeB.approaches to getting more done in less timeC.the key to eliminating distractionsD.the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)ch4PJx4BlIA.Just say itB.Be presentC.Pay a unique compliment/doc/9991d13868eae009581b6bd97f1922791788be4c.html , places, thingsE.Find the “me too”sF.Skip the small talkG.Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.qd3YfhxCzoYou meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.E836L11DO5Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.S42ehLvE3M41._____A_______Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says“I want to talk with this person”—this is something the mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won’t come out. I t feels like itis stuck somewhere, I know the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.501nNvZFisJust think: that is the worst that could happen? They won’t talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!jW1viftGw9 I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”,“Hey”or“Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say“Hi”.xS0DOYWHLP42.______F______It’s a problem all of us face: you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.LOZMkIqI0wHonestly, if we got stuck in the rut of“hi”,“hello”, “how are you?”and“what’s g oing on?”you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that’s can make it so memorable.ZKZUQsUJedSo don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.dGY2mcoKtT43._____E_______When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point. When you start conversation from there and then move outwards, you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a loteasier.rCYbSWRLIA44._____B_______Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response “I can multitask”.FyXjoFlMWhSo when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.TuWrUpPObX45._____D_______You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn’t that awkward!7qWAq9jPqESo remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to the place they want to go, the things they like, the thing the hate—whatever you talkabout.llVIWTNQFkWhen you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. So the feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.yhUQsDgRT1That’s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is areally good book to read, or to have a conversation with!MdUZYnKS8ISection Ⅲ Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)09T7t6eTnoA fifth garder gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough. He can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy”at the dinner table.e5TfZQIUB5That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most science fiction and reference books; recently, he revealed that he reads at least so nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction title because they ex plain how the world works.“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,”Gates says.s1SovAcVQM【参考译⽂】⼀个五年级地学⽣需要完成⼀份作业，作业地内容是要从⼯作清单中选出⾃⼰未来地职业.他在“宇航员”那⾥画了线，但是⼜很快加上了“科学家”.他相信，如果他读地书够多，就可以任意选择他所喜欢地职业.所以他读了从百科全书到科幻⼩说⾮常多地书.他对于读书太过于痴迷以⾄于他地⽗母不得不制定了在餐桌上“禁⽌读书政策”.GXRw1kFW5s这个男孩就是⽐尔盖茨，他⾄今都没有停⽌过阅读，即使已经成为世上最成功地⼈⼠之⼀.如今，他不仅阅读科幻作品和百科丛书：他最近透漏⾃⼰⼀年⾄少阅读50本⾮⼩说书籍，因为这些书揭秘了世界地运转⽅式.⽐尔盖茨说：“每⼀本书都开辟了探索知识地新路径”.UTREx49Xj9Section ⅣWritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith. Write him an emailto8PQN3NDYyP1）apologize and explain the situation, and2）suggest a future meeting.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.mLPVzx7ZNwDo not use your own name. Use“Li Ming” instead.Do not write your address.（10 points）【参考译⽂】Dear Prof. Smith,I am writing this letter in order to apologize to you for I have to cancel my travelling plan in your local city, and I will fail to visit you as I promised. AHP35hB02dI really have kept our appointment in my mind all these days. However, when I was set out for the airport, I suddenly had a severe stomachache , so I have to go to the hospital to see a doctor. It’s unexpected and urgent and I must go.I am extremely sorry that I cannot keep my promise, but I wonder whether I couldhave another appointment with you on next weekend if you are available.NDOcB141gTI am looking forward to your early reply. I apologize to you more than I can say. Please forgive me.1zOk7Ly2vAYours sincerely,Li MingPart B48.Directions：Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing you should fuNsDv23Kh1）interpret the chart and2）give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.（15 points）tqMB9ew4YX【参考范⽂】As is depicted by the pie chart, the author is trying to show factors why consumers choose a restaurant in a certain city. According to the data reflected by the chart, it is not hard to see that speciality can be the most important factor to choose a canteen for consumers, which takes up 36.38%. however, other factors including service, environment and price account for 26.8%, 23.8% and 8.4% respectively. Thesestatistics reflect an thought-provoking phenomenon. HmMJFY05dEThere are two reasons accounting for this situation reflected by the chart above. The most important factor we should take into consideration is the rapid economic development and the growth of purchasing power, which can explain the reason why the price takes up the smallest proportion in these factors when consumers choose canteen. Moreover, there is no deny in saying that an increasing number of people are paying closer attention to the new taste and fresh feeling which lead to the result that a large group of people choose restaurants according to the level of speciality. ViLRaIt6skBased on the analysis made above, it is safe to say that there is a tendency for people to choose a canteen largely depend on the speciality in the coming years. On the contrary, people will continue to pay increasingly less attention on the price.9eK0GsX7H1版权申明本⽂部分内容，包括⽂字、图⽚、以及设计等在⽹上搜集整理.版权为个⼈所有This article includes some parts, including text, pictures, anddesign. Copyright is personal ownership.naK8ccr8VI⽤户可将本⽂地内容或服务⽤于个⼈学习、研究或欣赏，以及其他⾮商业性或⾮盈利性⽤途，但同时应遵守著作权法及其他相关法律地规定，不得侵犯本⽹站及相关权利⼈地合法权利.除此以外，将本⽂任何内容或服务⽤于其他⽤途时，须征得本⼈及相关权利⼈地书⾯许可，并⽀付报酬.B6JgIVV9aoUsers may use the contents or services of this article for personal study, research or appreciation, and other non-commercial or non-profit purposes, but at the same time, they shall abide by the provisions of copyright law and other relevant laws, and shall not infringe upon the legitimate rights of this website and its relevant obligees. In addition, when any content or service of this article is used for other purposes, written permission and remuneration shall be obtained from the person concerned and the relevant obligee.P2IpeFpap5转载或引⽤本⽂内容必须是以新闻性或资料性公共免费信息为使⽤⽬地地合理、善意引⽤，不得对本⽂内容原意进⾏曲解、修改，并⾃负版权等法律责任.3YIxKpScDMReproduction or quotation of the content of this article must be reasonable and good-faith citation for the use of news or informative public free information. It shall not misinterpret or modify the original intention of the content of this article, and shall bear legal liability such as copyright.gUHFg9mdSs。
2018考研英语一真题及答案解析
2018考研英语一真题及答案解析Introduction:The 2018 Graduate Entrance Exam (GEE) for English (Exam One) tested the proficiency of candidates in various areas of English language skills. This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the exam questions and offer detailed explanations of the correct answers. The questions and answers are presented in a clear and concise manner to ensure a smooth reading experience for the readers.Section 1: Reading ComprehensionThe reading comprehension section of the 2018 GEE Exam One consisted of three passages, each followed by multiple-choice questions. The passages covered a range of topics, including literature, social issues, and scientific research. Below are the passages and their respective answers with detailed explanations:Passage 1:The first passage titled "The Influence of Literature on Society" explored the impact of literature on individuals and society as a whole. The questions focused on identifying the main idea, inferential comprehension, and vocabulary understanding. The correct answers are as follows:Question 1: (D) The panel discussion highlights the importance of literature in shaping society.Explanation: In paragraph 2, the author mentions the panel discussion as evidence of the impact of literature on society.Question 2: (B) It emphasizes the role of literature in promoting empathy and understanding.Explanation: In paragraph 3, the author emphasizes the role of literature in fostering empathy and understanding among individuals.Passage 2:The second passage titled "The Effects of Social Media on Relationships" discussed the positive and negative effects of social media on interpersonal relationships. The questions focused on interpreting the author's tone, identifying the main idea, and finding supporting evidence. The correct answers are as follows:Question 1: (C) The author's tone can be best described as critical.Explanation: The author criticizes the negative impact of social media on relationships throughout the passage.Question 2: (A) Social media has made it easier to maintain long-distance relationships.Explanation: In paragraph 4, the author mentions how social media facilitates communication in long-distance relationships.Passage 3:The third passage titled "Recent Advances in Cancer Research" provided an overview of recent developments in cancer research. The questions required candidates to analyze scientific information, identify research methodologies, and understand specialized vocabulary. The correct answers are as follows:Question 1: (B) The author's purpose is to inform readers about advancements in cancer treatment.Explanation: In the introduction, the author states the purpose of the passage as sharing recent advancements in cancer treatment.Question 2: (D) The three studies employ different research methodologies to investigate cancer treatments.Explanation: In paragraph 3, the author discusses three studies that each utilize distinct research methodologies to investigate cancer treatments.Section 2: Sentence TranslationThe sentence translation section of the 2018 GEE Exam One contained ten English sentences that needed to be translated into Chinese. Each sentence tested candidates' proficiency in sentence structure, vocabulary, and grammatical accuracy. Below are a few representative examples:1. The rapid advancement of technology has transformed various aspects of our daily lives.快速发展的技术已经改变了我们日常生活的多个方面。
2021年中山大学考研真题清单汇总
2021年中山大学考研真题汇总【828040238】中山大学历年考研真题211翻译硕士英语（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题240英语（单考）（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题241英语（二外）（2019年）中山大学历年考研真题242俄语（二外）（2019-2018年）标题为括号为中山大学考研群中山大学历年考研真题308护理综合（2019年-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题331社会工作原理（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题334新闻与传播专业综合能力（2019-2015年）中山大学历年考研真题338生物化学（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题346体育综合（2019）中山大学历年考研真题347心理学专业综合（2019-2015年）中山大学历年考研真题348文博综合（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题349药学综合（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题352口腔综合（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题353卫生综合（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题354汉语基础（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题357英语翻译基础（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题431金融学综合（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题432统计学(2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题434国际商务专业基础(2019-2015）中山大学历年考研真题435保险专业基础(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题437社会工作实务(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题440新闻与传播专业基础(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题445汉语国际教育基础(2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题448汉语写作与百科知识（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题601高等数学（A）(2019-2015年）中山大学历年考研真题602高等数学（B）(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题603数学二（单考）(2019-2017)中山大学历年考研真题604高等数学（单考）(2019年，2016-2015年）中山大学历年考研真题610民俗学概论（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题611文学评论写作(2019-2015年，2011年)中山大学历年考研真题612语言学概论(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题613现代汉语与语言学概论(2019-2015年，2011年) 中山大学历年考研真题614文献释读(2019-2015年，2011年)中山大学历年考研真题615文学基础（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题616作品评论(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题617非物质文化遗产学(2019-2016年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题619历史学基础（A）(2019-2015年）中山大学历年考研真题620西方哲学史（2019-2015年）中山大学历年考研真题621一元微积分（2019-2015）中山大学历年考研真题622逻辑哲学与逻辑史基础知识（2019-2015年）中山大学历年考研真题623中西哲学史（2019-2015）中山大学历年考研真题624中国美学（2019-2015年）中山大学历年考研真题625中外哲学史基础知识（2019-2015年）中山大学历年考研真题626法学理论A卷（2019-2015）中山大学历年考研真题627法律史A卷（2019-2015年）中山大学历年考研真题628宪法与行政法学A卷（2019-2015）中山大学历年考研真题629刑法学A卷(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题630民商法学A卷(2019-2015年）中山大学历年考研真题631诉讼法学A卷(2019-2015年）中山大学历年考研真题632经济法学A卷(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题633环境与资源保护法学A卷(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题635立法学A卷(2019-2017年）中山大学历年考研真题636政治学理论(2019-2015年）中山大学历年考研真题637公共管理学(2019-2015年）中山大学历年考研真题638基础英语(2019-2015年）中山大学历年考研真题639基础法语(2019-2015年）中山大学历年考研真题640基础德语（2019-2015年）中山大学历年考研真题641基础日语(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题643新闻与传播学基础(2019-2017)中山大学历年考研真题644视觉传播学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题645信息管理基础（2019-2015年）中山大学历年考研真题646综合英语(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题647社会学理论(2019-2015年，2011年)中山大学历年考研真题648人口理论（2019-2015年，2011年)中山大学历年考研真题649人类学概论（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题651考古学基础(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题654政治学原理(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题655马克思主义基本原理（含经典著作）(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题656心理学研究方法(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题657化学（A）(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题658岩石学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题660第四纪地质学(2019-2017)中山大学历年考研真题661构造地质学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题662生物化学（一）(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题663药分综合（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题664数学分析(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题665综合化学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题666药学综合A（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题667生物综合(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题669化学综合(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题670区域分析与规划(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题671分析化学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题673海洋生态学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题674生物化学（二）(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题675普通地质学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题676生物化学与分子生物学(2019-2017)中山大学历年考研真题677基础医学综合(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题678生物医学综合(2019-2017)中山大学历年考研真题679数学分析与高等代数(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题680口腔医学综合(2019-2017)中山大学历年考研真题681国际关系史（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题682数学分析（A）(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题687基础中医综合(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题688宗教学概论（单考）(2019-2018)中山大学历年考研真题690心理学研究方法（单考）(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题801微观经济学与宏观经济学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题802运筹学(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题803民间文学概论(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题805汉语语言学基础(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题806古汉语与古文字（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题807中国古代文学与批评（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题808中国现当代文学（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题809世界文学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题810戏曲与民俗（2019-2016，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题811马克思主义哲学（包括马哲原理和原著）(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题813逻辑学概论(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题814伦理学基础知识(2019-2018)中山大学历年考研真题815宗教理论(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题816科学哲学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题817法学理论B卷(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题818法律史B卷(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题819交通工程学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题819宪法与行政法学B卷(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题820刑法学B卷(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题821民商法学B卷(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题822诉讼法学B卷(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题823经济法学B卷(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题824环境与资源保护法学B卷(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题825国际法学B卷(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题826立法学B卷(2019-2017)中山大学历年考研真题827政治学研究方法(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题828政治学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题829公共管理研究方法(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题830微观经济学与金融经济学(2019-2017)中山大学历年考研真题831运筹学与管理信息系统(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题832微观经济学与管理学（2019-2015年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题833英语语言文学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题834法语语言文学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题835德语语言文学(2019-2017)中山大学历年考研真题836日语语言文学(2019-2017)中山大学历年考研真题837外国语言学及应用语言学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题838新闻与传播实务及研究方法(2019-2017)中山大学历年考研真题839设计学(2019-2018年，2015-2016年，2011年）中山大学历年考研真题840信息资源组织(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题841英语写作与百科知识(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题842社会研究方法与社会统计学(2019-2018)中山大学历年考研真题843人口统计学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题844人类学理论与方法(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题845民俗学理论与方法(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题850中共党史(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题851专业综合基础（当代中国马克思主义、思政）(2019-2015) 中山大学历年考研真题852普通心理学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题853材料化学(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题854高分子材料(2019-2017)中山大学历年考研真题855材料物理(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题857化学（B）(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题862地球科学概论(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题863细胞生物学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题865遗传学（2019年，2016-2015年）中山大学历年考研真题867高等代数(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题868有机化学(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题869地理学基础(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题870人文地理学理论与方法(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题871遥感与地理信息系统(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题873全球卫星定位原理(2019-2017)中山大学历年考研真题874环境工程导论(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题875环境学导论(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题876旅游学概论(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题877经济学（含微观和宏观经济学）(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题879海洋学导论(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题880自然地理学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题881环境科学(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题882海洋化学（2019年，2017年，2015年）中山大学历年考研真题883细胞生物学（一）(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题884岩石学（A）(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题889-细胞生物学（二）(2019-2018)中山大学历年考研真题890国际政治学(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题891高等代数（A）(2019-2017)中山大学历年考研真题893普通物理B(2019-2018)中山大学历年考研真题894理论力学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题901大气科学基础(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题902普通物理(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题903光学(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题904微机原理与应用(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题908化工原理(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题909工科化学(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题910光学原理(2019-2017)中山大学历年考研真题911信号与系统(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题912普通物理A(2019-2017)中山大学历年考研真题913电子技术（数字和模拟）(2019-2015) 中山大学历年考研真题915水文学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题916工程热力学(2019-2016)中山大学历年考研真题921有机化学(B)(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题922生物化学(A)(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题923信号与系统（B）(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题924普通化学(2019-2015)中山大学历年考研真题925仪器分析(2019-2018)中山大学历年考研真题926佛学思想史（单考）(2019-2018)中山大学历年考研真题930大气科学基础（单考）(2019-2017) 中山大学历年考研真题931土力学与基础工程(2019-2015)。
2018年中山大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷及答案
2018年中山大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷一、词汇1.Nebraska has floods in some years, ______.（A）in others droughts（B）droughts are others（C）while other droughts（D）others in droughts2.Sir Dennis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection______to the nation.（A）has left（B）is to leave（C）leaves（D）is to be left3.She has taken great pains to conceal her emotions, and thereby madethem______conspicuous.（A）all the more（B）all the much（C）all more（D）all much4.Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he______our chairman now. （A）would have been（B）must have been（C）were（D）would be5.I______admit the truth of your remarks, although they go against my interests. （A）can but（B）may not go（C）can't but（D）need but6.Before starting on a sea voyage, prudent navigators learn the sea charts, ______ and memorize lighthouse locations to prepare themselves for any conditions they might encounter.（A）sailing directions are studied（B）study the sailing directions（C）to direct sailing studies（D）studies direct sailing7.All the committee members said the lecture was______a second time.（A）worth to listen to（B）worth being listened to（C）worth listening to（D）worth to listening to8.They will wonder whether their life______considerably by 2010.（A）will have changed（B）will be changing（C）will have to change（D）is going to change9.I______provided you with the money. Why didn't you ask me?（A）could have（B）had（C）must have（D）ought to have10.Unfortunately, it was after two o'clock in the morning______he arrived at a solution.（A）when（B）that（C）after（D）until11.She was the first woman elected to a full term in the United StatesSenate______her husband in either the Senate or the House of Representatives. （A）who succeeded（B）who was succeeded（C）who did not succeed（D）she didn't succeed12.The tree, the branches______are almost bare, is a very old one.（A）whose（B）in which（C）of which（D）which13.The plan______, what is to be done now is how to carry it out.（A）been made（B）has been made（C）having been made（D）having been making14.She said she wouldn't go to Beijing the next day, ______she?（A）would（B）wouldn't（C）did（D）didn't15.______he does get annoyed with her sometimes.（A）As he likes her much（B）Much although he like her（C）Although much he likes her（D）Much as he likes her16.The album might have ______had it been less expensive.（A）worked out（B）fallen through（C）caught on（D）fitted in17.My reading in later life has supplied me with some possible explanations ofhis______.（A）temperature（B）temperament（C）temptation（D）temperance18.The new speed restrictions were a______ debated issue.（A）heavily（B）hotly（C）deeply（D）profoundly19.The Japanese dollar-buying made traders eager to ______ dollars in fear of another government intervention.（A）let in（B）let out（C）let go of（D）let off20.I wouldn't say he is brilliant but he is______at his job.（A）competent（B）skillful（C）capable（D）efficient21.If you don't put the cheese in the refrigerator, it may______.（A）go at（B）go off（C）go on（D）go back22.After more than thirty years, the United States and China have begunto______their relations.（A）economize（B）normalize（C）decentralize（D）standardize23.The worker was______with indignation.（A）quiet（B）silent（C）mute（D）speechless24.The______of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physical aspect in the life style of the people.（A）implementation（B）demonstration（C）manifestation（D）expedition25.I've______a list of candidates that I'd like to interview.（A）drawn on（B）drawn back（C）drawn out（D）drawn up26.The girl was so______by the mighty river that she would spend hours sitting on its bank and gazing at the boats and rafts going and coming.（A）absorbed（B）fascinated（C）moved（D）touched27.According to official statistics, retail sales in China rose 10% and 12% in the first and the second quarter ______this year.（A）accordingly（B）correspondingly（C）respectively（D）individually28.I hope you aren't bossing me, Molly. You are walking me out of______already. （A）order（B）breath（C）reach（D）step29.The place did not appear to be popular, for it was completely deserted, and in any case______to traffic.（A）inadequate（B）incompatible（C）inaccessible（D）insignificant30.Most reviewers maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is______.（A）exaggerated（B）granted（C）implied（D）remedied二、阅读理解To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on " persuasive salesmanship" to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then to convert them into money.Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.This concept does not imply that business is benevolent or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transaction—the firm and the customer—and each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and catering to customers. A striking example of the importance of catering to the consumer presented itself in mid-1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The non-acceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new. King Customer ruled!31.The marketing concept discussed in the passage is, in essence, ______.（A）a form of persuasive salesmanship（B）the customer-centred approach（C）making goods available for purchase（D）the practice of turning goods into money32.What was the main concern of industrialists before the marketing concept was widely accepted?（A）The needs of the market.（B）The preferences of the dealer.（C）The efficiency of production.（D）The satisfaction of the user.33.According to Paragraph One, "to move as much of these goods as possible" means______.（A）to redesign these goods for large-scale production（B）to transport goods as efficiently as possible（C）to sell the largest possible amount of goods（D）to dispose of these goods in large quantities34.What does the restoration of the Classic Coke best illustrate?（A）Products must be designed to suit the taste of the consumer.（B）Consumers with conservative tastes are often difficult to please.（C）It takes time for a new product to be accepted by the public.（D）Traditional goods have a stronger appeal to the majority of people.35.In discussing the marketing concept, the author focuses on______.（A）its social impact（B）its theoretical basis（C）its possible consequence（D）its main characteristicMost of us are taught to pay attention to what is said—the words. Words do provide us with some information , but meanings are derived from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words alone. Words are used to describe only a small part of the many ideas we associate with any given message. Sometimes we can gain insight into some of those associations if we listen for more than words. We don't always say what we mean or mean what we say. Sometimes our words don't mean anything except " I'm letting off some steam. I don't really want you to pay close attention to what I'm saying. Just pay attention to what I'm feeling. " Mostly we mean several things at once. A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current owner, " This step has to be fixed before I'll buy. " The owner says, " It's been like that for years. " Actually, the step hasn't been like that for years, but the unspoken message is: "I don't want to fix it. We put up with it. Why can't you?" The search for a more expansive view of meaning can be developed of examining a message in terms of who said it, when it occurred, the related conditions or situation, and how it was said.The time when a message occurs can also reveal associated meaning. Let us assume two couples do exactly the same amount of kissing and arguing. But onecouple always kisses after an argument and the other couple always argues after a kiss. The ordering of the behaviors may mean a great deal more than the frequency of the behavior. A friend's unusually docile behavior may only be understood by noting that it was preceded by situations that required an abnormal amount of assertiveness. Some responses may be directly linked to a developing pattern of responses and defy logic. For example, a person who says " No!" to a series of charges like " You're dumb," "You're lazy," and "You're dishonest," may also say "No|" and try to justify his or her response if the next statement is "And you're good looking.We would do well to listen for how messages are presented. The words, " It sure has been nice to have you over," can be said with emphasis and excitement or ritualistically. The phrase can be said once or repeated several times. And the meanings we associate with the phrase will change accordingly. Sometimes if we say something infrequently it assumes more importance; sometimes the more we say something the less importance it assumes.36.Effective communication is rendered possible between two conversing partners,if______.（A）they use proper words to carry their ideas（B）they both speak truly of their own feelings（C）they try to understand each other's ideas beyond words（D）they are capable of associating meaning with their words37."I'm letting off some steam" in Paragraph One means______.（A）I'm just calling your attention（B）I'm just saying what I don't really want to say（C）I'm just saying the opposite（D）I'm just giving off some sound38.The house-owner's example shows that he actually means______.（A）the step has been like that for years（B）he doesn't think it necessary to fix the step（C）the condition of the step is only a minor fault（D）the cost involved in the fixing should be shared39.Some responses and behaviors may appear very illogical, but are justifiableif______.（A）linked to an abnormal amount of assertiveness（B）seen as one's habitual pattern of behavior（C）taken as a developing pattern of responses（D）expressed to a series of charges40.The word " ritualistically" in the last paragraph equals something done______. （A）without true intention（B）light-heartedly（C）in a way of ceremony（D）with less emphasisThe establishment of the Third Reich influenced events in American history by starting a chain of events which culminated in war between Germany and the United States. The compete destruction of democracy, the persecution of Jews, the war on religion, the cruelty and barbarism of the Nazis, and especially the plans of Germany and her allies, Italy and Japan, for world conquest caused great indignation in this country and brought on fear of another world war.While speaking out against Hitler's atrocities, the American people generally favored isolationist policies and neutrality.The Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1936 prohibited trade with any belligerents or loans to them. In 1937 the President was empowered to declare an arms embargo in wars between nations at his discretion.American opinion began to change somewhat after President Roosevelt's " quarantine the aggressor" speech at Chicago (1937) in which he severely criticized Hitler's policies. Germany's seizure of Austria and the Munich Pact for the partition of Czechoslovakia (1938) also aroused the American people.The conquest of Czechoslovakia in March, 1939 was another rude awakening to the menace of the Third Reich. In August, 1939 came the shock of the Nazi-Soviet Pact and in September the attack on Poland and the outbreak of European war.The United States attempted to maintain neutrality in spite of sympathy for the democracies arrayed against the Third Reich. The Neutrality Act of 1939 repealed the arms embargo and permitted "cash and carry" exports of arms to belligerent nations.A strong national defense program began.A draft act was passed (1940) to strengthen the military services. A Lend-Lease Act (1941) authorized the President to sell, exchange, or lend materials to any country deemed necessary by him for the defense of the United States. Help was given to Britain by exchanging certain overage destroyers for the right to establish American bases in British territory in the Western Hemisphere. In August 1940, President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill met and issued the Atlantic Charter which proclaimed the kind of a world which should be established after the war.In December 1941, Japan launched the unprovoked attack on the United States at Pearl Harbor. Immediately thereafter, Germany declared war on the United States. 41.One item occurring before 1937 that the author does NOT mention in his list of actions that alienated the American public was______.（A）the burning of the Reichstag（B）German plans for conquest（C）Nazi barbarism（D）the persecution of religious groups42.The Lend-Lease Act was designed to______.（A）help the British（B）strengthen the national defense of the United States（C）promote the Atlantic Charter（D）avenge Pearl Harbor43.American policy during the years 1935 ~ 1936 may be described as being______. （A）watchful（B）isolationist（C）peaceful（D）indifferent44.The Neutrality Act of 1939______.（A）permitted the selling of arms to belligerent nations（B）antagonized Japan（C）permitted the British to trade only with the Allies（D）led to Lend-Lease Act45.The United States entered the war against Germany ______.（A）because Germany declared war（B）because Japan was an ally of Germany（C）after Germany had signed the Nazi-Soviet Pact（D）after peaceful efforts had failedA controversy erupted in the scientific community in early 1998 over the use of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) fingerprinting in criminal investigations. DNA fingerprinting was introduced in 1987 as a method to identify individuals based on a pattern seen in their DNA, the molecule of which genes are made. DNA is present in every cell of the body except red blood cells.DNA fingerprinting has been used successfully in various ways, such as to determine paternity where it is not clear who the father of a particular child is. However, it is in the area of criminal investigations that DNA fingerprinting has potentially powerful and controversial uses. DNA fingerprinting and other DNA analysis techniques have revolutionized criminal investigations by giving investigators powerful new tools in the attempt to prove guilt, not just establish innocence. When used in criminal investigations, a DNA fingerprint pattern from a suspect is compared with a DNA fingerprint pattern obtained from such materials as hairs or blood found at the scene of a crime. A match between the two DNA samples can be used as evidence to convict a suspect.The controversy in 1998 stemmed from a report published in December 1991 by population geneticists Richard C. Lewontin of Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass. , and Daniel L. Haiti called into question the methods to calculate how likely it is that a match between two DNA fingerprints might occur by chance a-lone. In particular, they argued that the current method cannot properly determine the likelihood that two DNA samples will match because they came from the sameindividual rather than simply from two different individuals who are members of the same ethnic group.In response to their criticisms, population geneticists Ranajit Chakraborty of the University of Texas in Dallas and Kenneth K. Kidd of Yale University in New Haven, Conn. , argued that enough data are already available to show that the methods currently being used are adequate. In January 1998, however, the federal Bureau of Investigation and laboratories that conduct DNA tests announced that they would collect additional DNA samples from various ethnic groups in an attempt to resolve some of these questions. And, in April, a National Academy of Sciences called for strict standards and system of accreditation for DNA testing laboratories.46.Before DNA fingerprinting is used, suspects______.（A）would have to leave their fingerprints for further investigations（B）would have to submit evidence for their innocence（C）could easily escape conviction of guilt（D）could be convicted of guilt as well47.DNA fingerprinting can be unreliable when______.（A）the methods used for blood-cell calculation are not accurate（B）two different individuals of the same ethnic group may have the same DNA fingerprinting pattern（C）a match is by chance left with fingerprints that happen to belong to two different individuals（D）two different individuals leave two DNA samples48.To geneticists like Lewontin and Hartl, the current method______.（A）is not so convincing as to exclude the likelihood that two DNA samples can never come from two individuals（B）is arguable because two individuals of the same ethnic group are likely to have the same DNA pattern（C）is not based on adequate scientific theory of genetics（D）is theoretically contradictory to what they have been studying49.The attitude of the Federal Bureau of Investigation shows that______.（A）enough data are yet to be collected from various ethnic groups to confirm the unlikelihood of two DNA samples coming from two individual members（B）enough data of DNA samples should be collected to confirm that only DNA samples from the same person can match（C）enough data are yet to be collected from various ethnic groups to determine the likelihood of two different DNA samples coming from the same person（D）additional samples from various ethnic groups should be collected to determine that two DNA samples are unlikely to come from the same person50.National Academy of Sciences holds the stance that______.（A）DNA testing should be systematized（B）only authorized laboratories can conduct DNA testing（C）the academy only is authorized to work out standards for testing（D）the academy has the right to accredit laboratories for DNA testing How to answer interview questions?To start, take a tip from consultants who coach executives on how to handle media interviews. They say you can deliver the message you want to an employer, regardless of the question you're asked."Unlike some politicians, who take no notice of press questions and immediately introduce a different topic in response, job candidates must answer employers' queries," says John Barford of the interview training firm Genesis. "However, you can quickly make the transition from your answer to the important points you want to convey about your qualifications," he says.He advises candidates at job interviews to apply the formula Q = A + 1 : Q is the question; A is the answer; + is the,fridge to the message you want to deliver; and 1 is the point you want to make.Diligent preparation is also necessary to effectively answer any interview question, say senior executives. They give a number of useful tips: -Learn as much as you can beforehand. Ask company employees questions prior to job interviews to gain as much insight as you can. If the company is publiclyowned, find out how viable it is by reading shareholder reports. You can then tailor what you say to the company's issues.Be prepared for questions that require you to show how you handled difficult challenges. These questions require stories in response, but as it's unlikely that you'll have one that fits every situation, try to recall some from your past experience that show how you coped with a range of issues.Count on being asked about a past mistake or blemish on your career record, and don't try to dodge the issue. Ms. Murphy, president of the Murphy Group, a media interview training firm, says that it's important to steer clear of lies at all costs. Just answer the question and move on.When discussing a mistake, focus on the positive outcomes. " You learn as much by dropping the ball as you do by catching it," says senior executive Mr. Friedmann. When he was being interviewed for his current job, he mentioned he had been involved in many successful turnarounds and one that failed. " And I said how I'd benefited in many ways from going through that experience," he says.Answer the following questions, using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the text for each answer.51.According to the writer, what do some politicians ignore?52.To allow them to communicate their main points, what are interviewees recommended to follow?53.From whom do senior executives advise candidates to request information before an interview?54.What does the head of an interview training firm advise people to avoid telling?55.What do senior executives advise candidates to focus on when talking about a past mistake?写作---为题目类型56.Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology. In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships people make? Has this become a positive or negative development?You should write about 400 words on this topic.In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your essay on the ANSWER SHEET.答案：1-5.ADADC 6-10.BCAAB CDD 16-20.CBBCA21-25.BBDCD 26-30.BCBCA 31-35.BCCAD 36-40.CABCC41-45.ABBAA 46-50.DBBBB51.Press questions．52.The formula Q=A+1．pany employees．54.Lies．55.The positive outcomes．56. How Technology Affects Human RelationshipsIt’s great that we have the technology to connect with people across the globe instantly, but there’s also a sense of disconnection. If there’s an internet-capable device with a screen anywhere nearby, the immediate world doesn’t get our full attention. Therefore, the long-term impact of technology on personal interactions is not a positive trend.Technology makes conversations context shortage. One issue with technology and relationships is the inability to detect tone. I can’t really know when someone is being sarcastic, serious or joking. I can’t tell you how many times I’ve wondered what someone meant by their words—whether on social media, in a text or over email. Unless I see the person’s face, hear their voice and understand the environment, I have no idea the context surrounding the written words. Misunderstandings, miscommunications and assumptions result, which have an impact on how we view others.Technology fails to deliver essential personal touch. Sometimes I just need a hug, a handshake or a pat on the back. Once in a while, I get "stickers" and "emojis" on social media. Those symbol or smiley face is cute, but it doesn’t make me feel a personal connection with the poster. Do you use technology to pet your dog or cat? Not likely. Sometimes we fail to realize that, as humans, we’re also animals that need personal touch.Technology-addiction can lead to cocooning. For addicting to the convenience brought by technology, some people stay at home and become mouse potato. Technology takes them out of the physical world. And like many addictions, there are serious implications on number and quality of human relationships. Conversations through social media and email take the place of traditional interactions and discussions; eventually, a person doesn’t need to leave the house to communicate with others. This phenomenon leads to social isolation that can be crippling for some people.All in all, technology paints a pretty gloomy picture on human interaction. But it teaches us the value of balancing our offline and online communications with others. I believe the best approach is to use technology appropriately, so that it supplements our relationships rather than replaces them.。
2018考研真题及答案汇总
2018考研真题及答案汇总出国留学网考研网为大家提供2018考研真题及答案汇总，2018考研真题及答案汇总12018年考研政治真题及答案22018考研数学真题及答案汇总32018年考研英语真题及答案汇总42018年考研专业课真题及答案52018各校艺术考研真题汇总出国留学网考研频道整理2018考研真题及答案解析汇总：2018年考研真题及答案解析汇总12018年考研政治真题及答案解析汇总22018考研管理类联考综合能力真题及答案解析汇总32018年考研英语真题及答案解析汇总42018考研数学一真题及答案解析汇总52018考研数学二真题及答案解析汇总62018考研数学三真题及答案解析汇总72018年考研数农真题及答案解析汇总82018年考研数学真题及答案解析汇总92018年考研专业课真题及答案解析汇总102018考研法硕法学真题及答案解析汇总112018考研法硕非法学真题及答案解析汇总122018考研中医综合真题及答案解析汇总132018考研西医综合真题及答案解析汇总142018考研历史学真题及答案解析汇总152018考研教育学真题及答案解析汇总162018考研心理学真题及答案解析汇总172018考研管理类联考综合能力真题及答案解析汇总出国留学网考研频道整理2018考研管理类联考综合能力真题及答案解析汇总：2018考研管理类联考综合能力真题及答案解析汇总12018考研管理类联考综合能力真题及答案解析：初数1-5题22018年考研管理类联考数学答案32018年管理类联考论说文真题解析42018考研管综写作真题52018考研管理类联考综合能力真题：初数单选题1-4题62018考研管理类联考综合能力真题：初数单选题8-10题72018考研管理类联考综合能力真题：初数单选题11-13题82018考研管理类联考综合能力真题：初数单选题15题出国留学网考研频道整理小编精心为您推荐：2018年34所自划线高校分数线汇总2018全国考研复试信息汇总2018考研分数线信息汇总2018考研成绩查询信息汇总2018考研国家线信息汇总2018全国考研调剂信息汇总考研英语真题考研数学真题政治真题专业课真题英语一真题英语二真题数学一真题数学二真题数学三真题数农真题考研英语答案考研数学答案政治答案专业课答案英语一答案英语二答案数学一答案数学二答案数学三答案数农答案。
2017年中山大学外国语学院241英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2017年中山大学外国语学院241英语考研真题及详解Section Ⅰ Use of English (10 points)Directions: Read the following text Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.The list of ills attributable to obesity keeps growing: Last week, obese people were accused of causing global warming.This (1) _____ comes from Sheldon Jacobson of the University of Illinois, US, and a doctoral student, Laura McLay. Their study (2) _____ how much extra gasoline is needed to haul fat Americans around. The answer, they say, is a billion gallons of gas per year. It (3) _____ an extra 11 million tons of carbon dioxide.There have been (4) _____ for taxes on junk food in recent years. US economist Martin Schmidt suggests a tax on fast food (5) _____to people’s cars. “We tax cigarettes partly because of their health cost,’’ Sc hmidt said. “Similarly, leading a lazy lifestyle will end (6) _____ costing taxpayers more.”US political scientist Eric Oliver said his first (7) _____ was to laugh at these gas and fast food arguments. But such (8) _____ are getting attention.At the US Obesity Society’s annual meeting, one person (9) _____ obesity with car accident deaths, and another correlated obesity with suicides. No one asked (10)_____ there was really a cause-and-effect relationship. “The funny thing was that everyone took it (11) _____” Oliver said.In a 1960s study, children were (12) _____ drawings of children with disabilities and without them, and a drawing of an obese child. They were asked (13) _____ they would want for a friend. The obese child was picked (14) _____.Three researchers recently repeated the study (15) _____ college students. Once again, (16) _____ no one, not even obese people, liked the obese person.But, researchers say, getting (17) _____ is not like quitting smoking. People struggle to stop smoking, and, in the end, many succeed. Obesity is (18) _____. Science has shown that they have (19) _____ personal control over their weight. Genes also (20) _____ a part.1. A. conclusionB. studyC. projectD. experiment2. A. doubtsB. calculatesC. reportsD. reviews3. A. turnsB. saysC. costsD. means4. A. criesB. soundsC. callsD. noises5. A. paidB. deliveredC. spentD. collected6. A. upB. inC. withD. by7. A. talkB. limitC. sightD. instinct8. A. answersB. claimsC. talksD. laughs9. A. mixedB. connectedC. contactedD. involved10. A. soB. whatC. whetherD. whereas11. A. wellB. hardC. greatlyD. seriously12. A. boughtB. capturedC. shownD. made13. A. whatB. whichC. whereD. why14. A. lastB. firstC. foremostD. furthermore15. A. usingB. seeingC. helpingD. surveying16. A. aboutB. almostC. asD. like17. A. thinB. criticalC. tallD. confident18. A. similarB. the sameC. differentD. close19. A. sufficientB. enoughC. strongD. limited20. A. decideB. produceC. useD. play【答案与解析】1. A 由第一段可知，由肥胖引起的疾病越来越多，上周，有人谴责肥胖的人是导致全球变暖的原因之一。
2018考研英语一真题word版
2018考研英语一真题word版IntroductionThe 2018 English subject test for the postgraduate entrance examination, commonly known as the "Gaokao," was conducted in a word format. This article aims to analyze and discuss the content and structure of the 2018 English subject test.Part A: Reading ComprehensionIn this section, candidates were required to read several passages and answer questions based on the information provided. The passages covered a wide range of topics, including history, science, and literature. The questions tested the candidates' ability to comprehend the main ideas, infer information, and make logical deductions. This section was designed to evaluate the reading comprehension and critical thinking skills of the candidates.Part B: Vocabulary and GrammarThe vocabulary and grammar section assessed the candidates' understanding and usage of English vocabulary and grammatical structures. It included questions such as completing sentences with appropriate vocabulary words or selecting the correct grammatical structures to fill in the blanks. This section aimed to assess the candidates' proficiency in English language usage and their ability to apply vocabulary and grammar rules accurately.Part C: TranslationThe translation section required candidates to translate sentences or short paragraphs from Chinese to English. This section tested the candidates' translation skills and their ability to accurately convey the original meaning of the text into English. It also challenged their knowledge of vocabulary, grammar, and idiomatic expressions in both languages.Part D: WritingThe writing section evaluated the candidates' ability to express their thoughts and ideas in English in a coherent and organized manner. The candidates were given a topic and were required to write an essay. The topics covered a wide range of subjects, such as environmental protection, social issues, and education. This section assessed the candidates' writing skills, including their ability to develop a persuasive argument, use appropriate vocabulary and grammar, and structure their essays effectively.ConclusionThe 2018 English subject test for the postgraduate entrance examination was conducted in a word format, comprising sections on reading comprehension, vocabulary and grammar, translation, and writing. This format aimed to assess the candidates' overall English language proficiency, including their reading and comprehension skills, vocabulary and grammar usage, translation skills, and writing abilities.The test provided a comprehensive evaluation of the candidates' English language abilities, which are crucial qualifications for pursuing postgraduate studies. Understanding the structure and content of the test is essential for candidates to adequately prepare and achieve success in the examination.。