passage one
2019年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案：Passage One答案及解析
2019年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案：PassageOne答案及解析Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passageProfessor Stephen Hawking has warned that the creation of powerful artificial intelligence (AI) will be “either the best, or the worst thing, ever to happen to humanity”, and praised the creation of an academic institute dedicated to researching the fut ure of intelligence as “crucial to the future of our civilization and our species.”Hawking was speaking at the opening of the Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence (LCFI) at Cambridge University, a multi-disciplinary institute that will attempt to tackle some of the open-ended questions raised by the rapid pace of development in AI research. “We spend a great deal of time studying history,” Hawking said, “which,let’s face it, is mostly the history of stupidity. So it’s a welcome change that people are studying instead the future of intelligence.”While the world-renowned physicist has often been cautious about AI, raising concerns that humanity could be the architect of its own destruction if it creates a super-intelligence with a will of its own, he was also quick to highlight the positives that AI research can bring. “The potential benefits of creating intelligence are huge,” he said. “We cannot predict what we might achieve when our own minds are amplified by AI. Perhaps with the tools of this newtechnological revolution, we will be able to undo some of the damage done to the natural world by the last one –industrialization. And surely we will aim to finally eradicate disease and poverty. And every aspect of our lives will be transformed. In short, success in creating AI could be the biggest event in the history of our civilization.”Huw Price, the centre’s academic director and the Bertrand Russell professor of philosophy at Cambridge University, where Hawking is also an academic, said that the centre came about partially as a result of the university’s Centre for Existential Risk. That institute examined a wider range of potential problems or humanity, while the LCFI has a narrow focus.AI pioneer Margaret Boden, professor of cognitive science at the University of Sussex, praised the progress of such discussions. As recently as 2009, she said, the topic wasn’t taken seriously, even among AI researchers. “AI is hugely exciting,” she said, “but it has limitations, which present grace dangers given uncritical use.”The academic community is not alone in warning about the potential dangers of AI as well as the potential benefits. A number of pioneers from the technology industry, most famously the entrepreneur Elon Musk, have also expressedtheir concerns about the damage that a super-intelligent AI could do to humanity.46. What did Stephen Hawking think of artificial intelligence?A) It would be vital to the progress of human civilization.B) It might be a blessing or a disaster in the making.C) It might present challenges as well as opportunities.D) It would be a significant expansion of human intelligence.46. B. It might be a blessing or a disaster in the making.【定位】依据题干Stephen Hawking think of artificial intelligence定位到第一段第一句【解析】“either the best, or the worst thing…”，要么是的，要么是最坏的，与选项B对应。
完形突破Passage One
完形突破Passage One作者：来源：《时代英语·高三》2013年第03期There was a boy in India who was sent by his parents to a boarding school. Before being sent away this boy was the 1 student in his class，who was at the top in every 2 .But the boy changed after 3 the boarding school. His grades started 4 and he hated being in a group. He was 5 all the time and there were 6 dark times when he felt like committing suicide （自杀）. It was because he felt 7 and that no one loved him that 8 all of this. Worrying about the boy and not knowing what was wrong with him，the boy’s father decided to travel to the boarding school and 9 with him. They sat on the bank of the lake near the school. The father started asking him casual questions about his classes， 10 and sports. After some time his dad said，“Do you know， son，why I am here today？” The boy answered，“To check my 11 ？”“No， no，” his dad 12 . “I am here to tell you that you are the most important person for me. I want to see you happy. I don’t care about grades 13your feeling and your 14 . You are my life.” 15 into tears，the boy hugged his father and didn’t say anything to each other for a long time. Now the boy has 16 he wants. He knows there is someone on this earth who 17 him deeply. He means the 18 to someone. And today this young man is in 19 at the top of his class and no one has ever seen him sad！Too often we don’t 20 the power of a touch， a smile， a kind word， a listening ear， an honest compliment， or the smallest act of caring， all of which have the potential to turn a life around.1. A. tallest B. brightest C. strongest D. worst2. A. competition B. chance C. place D. month3. A. calling B. visiting C. attending D. leaving4. A. increasing B. disappearing C. improving D. dropping5. A. scared B. lonely C. busy D. confident6. A. specially B. especially C. possibly D. simply7. A. worthless B. hopeful C. pleased D. valuable8. A. replaced B. interrupted C. caused D. resulted9. A. quarrel B. argue C. discuss D. talk10. A. illness B. adventures C. teachers D. mistakes11. A. grades B. homework C. knowledge D. tests12. A. shouted B. replied C. cried D. apologized13. A. then B. and C. but D. or14. A. habit B. future C. success D. happiness15. A. Moved B. Delighted C. Shocked D. Frightened16. A. nothing B. anything C. everything D. something17. A. hates B. loves C. remembers D. recognizes18. A. home B. family C. school D. world19. A. hospital B. college C. village D. church20. A. expect B. enjoy C. realize D. remember。
Passage One 翻译
1 Marva was a striking woman with high cheekbones and strong angular features, which she inherited along with a love of jewelry from a great-grandmother who was a Choctaw Indian. Slender though not willowy, Marva was immediately discernible()可辨别的in a crowd——even without the visibility afforded by her height——for she had acquired a poise（体态，姿态）and sophistication（成熟，有教养的）that gave her appearance a deliberate（深思熟虑的）style. 马文是一个引人注目的女人,她有着高高的颧骨，瘦而强健，这都遗传自她那乔克托印第安人血统的曾祖母。
马文老师瘦削而不软弱，就算她没有那么高，在人群中时还是一眼就能识别出来——因为她有着特别的镇静及教养，这些都使她有了一种严谨的风格。
2 Marva would rarely wear slacks, and she never wore loose-fitting shirts or casually（随意的）assembled（组合的）bloused and skirts. Sloppy （肥大的）dressing showed disrespect（无理）for oneself, for the children, and for the profession（同行）. From the first day of class Marva was teaching that self-respect is the most important thing a person can have. For herself and for the children Marva dressed impeccably（无可挑剔的）, favoring cashmere sweaters, suits, and herring-bone tweeds. Her clothing was tailored（裁制）and stylishly simple, but she usually added an ornamental（装饰的）touch: a carved belt cinched over a sweater, a gold medallion on a chain （链条）, an organdy boutonniere, or perhaps a lace handkerchief fanned in pleats across a pocket and held in place by a beaded lion’s-head brooch. In Marva’s opinion, it was important to have a unique imprint（印记）. She felt she was different from most people and delighted in her difference. It was an attitude often mistaken for arrogance（自大）. 马文很少穿宽松衣服，也决不穿宽大的直筒连衣裙或不正式的短衫及裙子。
英语四级阅读题库含答案解析
t t s英语四级阅读题库含答案解析1.Passage OneGlobal warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century,but regardless of whether it is or isn’ –we won’ do much about it. We will argue overit and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed.Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth, ” as if merely recognizing itcould put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don’t know enough torelieve global warming, and –without major technological breakthroughs —we can’t do much about it.From 2003 to 2050, the world’ population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, totalenergy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. but that’s too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we condemn the world’s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else‘s living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personalfreedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they’re “doing something.” Consider the KyotoProtocol (京都议定书). It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn’t. But ithasn’t reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories (签字国) didn’t adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the onlysolution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development programmight find ways of breaking dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it’s really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don’t solve the engineering problem, we’re helpless.57. What is said about global warming in the first paragraph? A) It may not prove an environmental crisis at all.B) It is an issue requiring world widecommitments.s sC) Serious steps have been taken to avoidor stop it.D) Very little will be done to bring it undercontrol.58. According to the author’ understanding, what is Al Gore’ view on global warming? A) It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of. B) It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences. C) It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized. D) It is an area we actually have little knowledge about.59. Green house emissions will more than double by 2050 because of _______. A) economic growthB) the widening gap between the rich andpoorC) wasteful use of energyD) the rapid advances of science andtechnology60. The author believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, ________. A) politicians have started to do something to better the situation B) few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy useC) reductions in energy consumption have greatly cut back global warmingD) international cooperation has contributed to solving environmental problems 61. What is the message the author intends to convey?A) Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one. B) The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technologyC) The debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthroughs. D) People have to give up certain material comforts to stop global warming. Passage TwoSomeday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan theWebsites you’ve visited. Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your creditcard purchase or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.In fact, it ’s likely some of these things have already happened to you. Who wouldwatch you without your permission? It might be a spouse, a girlfriend, a marketingcompany, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen — the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked.Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it’s important to reveal yourself tofriends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain. Thedigital bread crumbs( 碎 屑 ) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers toreconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. In some cases, a simple” Google search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a worldwhere you simple cannot keep a secret.The key question is: Does that matter?When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned aboutlosing it. A survey found an overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent ofrespondents saying they feel their privacy is “slipping away, and that bothers me.”But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny fraction of Americans changeany behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount attollbooths ( 收费 站 ) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobilemovements. And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards. Privacy economist Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personalinformation like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-offcoupon (优惠券).But privacy does matter – at least sometimes. It’s like health: When you have it, youdon’t notice it. Only when it’s gone do you wish you’d done more to protect it.62. What does the author mean by saying “the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked ”(Lines 3-4, Para.2)?A) People’s personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge. B) In the 21st century people try every means to look into others ’ secrets. C) People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age. D) Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology.63. What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends? A) Friends should open their hearts to each other.B) Friends should always be faithful to each other.C) There should be a distance evenbetween friends.D) There should be fewer disputesbetween friends.64. Why does the author say “we live in a world where you simple cannot keep a secret (Line 5, Para.3)?A) Modern society has finally evolved into an open society. B) People leave traces around when using modern technology. C) There are always people who are curious about others’ affairs. D) Many search engines profit by revealing people’s identities. 65. What do most Americans do with regard to privacy protection?t A) They change behaviors that might disclose their identity.B) They use various loyalty cards for business transactions. C) They rely more and more on electronic devices.D) They talk a lot but hardly do anythingabout it.66. According to the passage, privacy is like health in that ________. A) people will make every effort to keep it B) its importance is rarely understood C) it is something that can easily be lost D) people don’ cherish it until they lose it2.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.If you are a male and you are readingthis,congratulations: you are asurvivor .According to statistics .you are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman ,and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on average five years before awoman.There are many reasons forthis-typically, men take more risks thanwoman and are more likely to drink and smoke but perhaps more importantly, men don’t go to the doctor.“Men aren’t seeing doctors as oftenas they should, ” says Dr. Gullotta, “Thisis particularly so for the over-40s,when diseases tend to strike.”Gullotta says a healthy man shouldvisit the doctor every year or two. Forthose over 45,it should be at least once a year.Two months ago Gullotta saw a50-year-old ma who had delayed doinganything about his smoker’s cough for a year.“When I finally saw him it had alreadyspread and he has since died from lung cancer”he says,“Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him,but it would have prolonged this life”According to a recent survey,95%of women aged between15and early40s see a doctor once a year,compared to 70%of men in the same age group.“A lot of men think they are invincible （不可战胜的）”Gullotta says“They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think”Geez,if it could happen to him.Then there is the ostrich approach,”some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know,”says Dr.Ross Cartmill.“M ost men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,”Cartmill says.He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups.Regular check-ups for men would inevitably place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says.”But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases.Besides,the ultimate cost is far greater:it is called premature death.”57.Why does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage?A.They are more likely to survive serious diseases today.B.Their average life span has been considerably extended.C.They have lived long enough to read this article.D.They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier live.58.What does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier on average than women?A.men drink and smoke much more than womenB.men don’t seek medical care as often as womenC.men aren’t as cautions as women in face of dangerD.men are more likely to suffer from fatal diseases59.Which of the following best completes the sentence“Geez,if it could happen to him…’(line2,para,8)?A.it could happen to me,tooB.I should avoid playing golfC.I should consider myself luckyD.it would be a big misfortune60what does Dr.Ross Cartmill mean by “the ostrich approach”(line q para.9) A.a casual attitude towards one’s health conditionsB.a new therapy for certain psychological problemsC.refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involvedD.unwillingness to find out about one’s disease because of fear61.What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men?A.They may increase public expensesB.They will save money in the long runC.They may cause psychological strains on menD.They will enable men to live as long as womenPassage TwoQuestions62to66are based on the following passage.High-quality customer service is preached(宣扬)by many,but actually keeping customers happy is easier said than doneShoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store,but instead will alert their friends,relatives, co-workers,strangers-and anyone who will listen.Store managers are often the last tohear complaints,and often find out only when their regular customers decide t frequent their competitors,according to a study jointly conducted by Verde group and Wharton school“Storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers,”said Paula Courtney,President of the Verde group.”the store loses the customer,but the shopper must also find a replacement.”On average,every unhappy customer will complain to at least four other,and will no longer visit the specific store for every dissatisfied customer,a store will lose up to three more due to negative reviews.The resulting“snowball effect”can be disastrous to retailers.According to the research,shoppers who purchased clothing encountered the most problems.ranked second and third were grocery and electronics customers.The most common complaints include filled parking lots,cluttered(塞满了的)shelves,overloaded racks, out-of-stock items,long check-out lines, and rude salespeople.During peak shopping hours,some retailers solved the parking problems by getting moonlighting（业余兼职的）local police to work as parking attendants. Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking spaces.This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly,and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space.Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts,pre-stocking sales items,hiring speedy and experienced cashiers,and having sales representatives on hand to answer questions.Most importantly,salespeople shouldbe diplomatic and polite with angry customers.“Retailers who’r e responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so friendly.”said Professor Stephen Hoch.“Maybe something as simple as a greeter at the store entrance would help.”Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaints to the retailer,instead of complaining to the rest of the world.Retailers are hard-pressed to improve when they have no idea what is wrong.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答62.Why are store managers often the last to hear complaints?A Most customers won’t bother to complain even if they have had unhappy experiences.B Customers would rather relate their unhappy experiences to people around them.C Few customers believe the service will be improved.D Customers have no easy access to store managers.63.What does Paula Courtney imply by saying“…the shopper must also find a replacement”(Line2,Para.4)?A New customers are bound to replace old ones.B It is not likely the shopper can find the same products in other stores.C Most stores provide the sameD Not complaining to the manager causes the shopper some trouble too.64.Shop owners often hire moonlighting police as parking attendants so that shoppers_____A can stay longer browsing in the storeB won’t have trouble parking their carsC won’t have any worries about securityD can find their cars easily after shopping65.What contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers?A Manners of the salespeopleB Hiring of efficient employeesC Huge supply of goods for saleD Design of the store layout.66.T o achieve better shopping experiences,customers are advised to _________.A exert pressure on stores to improve their serviceB settle their disputes with stores in a diplomatic wayC voice their dissatisfaction to store managers directlyD shop around and make comparisons between stores3.The January fashion show,called Future Fashion,exemplified how far green design has anized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge,the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time.Several have since made pledges to include organic fabrics in their lines.The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges.Scott Hahn,cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton,says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to fine.“Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren’t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you’re doing and shat your customers are used to,”he says.For example,organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually indistinguishable once woven into a dress.But some popular synthetics,like stretch nylon,still have few eco-friendly equivalents.Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support. Last year the influential trade show Designers&Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs(企业家)who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to designers whose collections are at least25% sustainable.It now counts more than50green designers,up from fewer than a dozen two years ago.This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a( ( s t major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buytransitional 过渡型的) cotton at higher prices , thus helping to expand thesupply of a key sustainable material . “Mainstream is about to occur,”says Hahn.Some analysts 分析师 ) are less sure . Among consumers, only18%are even aware that ecofashion exists, up from 6% four years ago.Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconvertedconsumer, when asked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she replied:“Not that I’m aware of.” Like most consumers, she finds little time toshop, and when she does, she’ on the hunt for“cute stuff that isn’ tooexpensive.” By her own admission, green just isn’t yet on her mind. But–thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers –one day it will be.57. What is said about Future Fashion?A) It inspired many leading designers to start going green.B) It showed that designers using organic fabrics would go far.C) It served as an example of how fashion shows should beorganized.D) It convinced the public that fashionable clothes should be madedurable.58.According to Scott Hahn,one big challenge to designers who will goorganic is that.A)much more time is needed to finisha dress using sustainablematerials.B)they have to create new brands for clothes made of organicmaterials.C)customers have difficultytelling organic from non-organicmaterials.D)quality organic replacements for synthetics are not readilyavailable.59.We learn from Paragraph3that designers who undertake greenfashion.A)can attend various trade shows free.B)are readily recognized by the fashion worldC)can buy organic cotton at favorable prices.D)are gaining more and more support.60.What is Natalie Hormilla’s attitude toward ecofashion?A)She doesn’t seem to care about it.C)She is doubtful of itspractical value.B)She doesn’t think it is sustainable D)She is very muchopposed to the idea61.What does the author think of green fashion?A)Green products will soon go mainstream.B)It has a very promising future.C)Consumers have the final say.D)It will appeal more to young people.Passage TwoQuestions62to66are based on the following passage.Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand(缕)of hair,a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims.The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up in people’s hair.“You’re what you eat and drink,and that’s recorded in you hair,”said Thure Cerling,a geologist at the University of Utah.While U.S diet is relatively identical,water supplies vary.The differences result from weather patterns.The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as raid clouds move.s ( sMost hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable , but traces ofboth elements are also present as heavier isotopes(同位素) . The heaviestraid falls first .As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavierwater to California than to Utah.Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S. By measuring theproportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand ofhair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of haircorresponds to about two months.Cerling’s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities andconstructed a mop of the regional differences. They checked theaccuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65barber shops.They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regionsroughly corresponding to the movement of raid systems.“It’ not good for pinpointing 精确定位),”Cerling said .“It’ goodfor eliminating many possibilities.”Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learnmore about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found nearGreat Salt Lake.The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt andseveral strands of hair.s When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to theresearchers. Chemical testing showed that over the two years before herdeath, she moved about every two months.She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be morespecific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and westernWyoming.“It’ still a substantial area,” Park said“But it narrows it way downfor me.”62. What is the scientists’ new discovery?A) One’s hair growth has to do with the amount of water they drink.B) A person’s hair may reveal where they have lived.C) Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects.D) The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person.63. What does the author mean by “You’re what you eat and drink ”(Line 1, Para.3)?A) Food and drink affect one’s personality development.B) Food and drink preferences vary with individuals.C) Food and drink leave traces in one’s body tissues.D) Food and drink are indispensable to one’s existence.64.What is said about the rainfall in America’s West?A)There is much more rainfall in California than in Utah.B)The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland.C)Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas.D)It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward.65.What did Cerling’s team produce in their research?A)A map showing the regional differences of tap water.B)A collection of hair samples from various barber shops.C)A method to measure the amount of water in human hair.D)A chart illustrating the movement of the rain system.66.What is the practical value of Cerling’s research?A)It helps analyze the quality of water in different regions.B)It helps the police determine where a crime is committed.C)It helps the police narrow down possibilities in detective work.D)It helps identify the drinking habits of the person under investigation.4.Throughout this long,tense election,everyone has focused on thes t presidential candidates and how they’ll change America. Rightly so, butselfishly, I’m more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might beable to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-Americanwoman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world’ attention.And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get upclose and personal with the type of African-American woman they sorarely see.Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. Theprevailing theory seems to be that we ’ re all hot-tempered singlemothers who can’ keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, blackwomen still can’t escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexedfemales raised by our never-married, alcoholic (酗酒的) mothers.These images have helped define the way all women are viewed,including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets the chance to commit toa cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhapsmost complicated duty may be simple to be herself.It won ’t be easy. Because few mainstream publications have donein-depth features on regular African-American women, little is knownabout who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis.For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans whousually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogs( have written about what they ’d like to see Michelle bring to the WhiteHouse —mainly showing the world that a black woman can support herman and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to pleaseeveryone —an impossible task. But for many African-American womenlike me, just a little of her poise 沉着), confidence and intelligence will goa long way in changing an image that’s been around for far too long.57. Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for theauthor?A) She serves as a role model for African women.B) She possesses many admirable qualities becoming a First Lady.C) She will present to the world a new image of African-Americanwomen.D) She will pay closer attention to the interests of African-Americanwomen.58. What is the common stereotype of African-American womenaccording to the author?A) They are victims of violence. B) They are of an inferior violence.C) They use quite a lot of body language. D) They live on charity andsocial welfare.59. What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs?A) Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans.B) How Michelle should behave as a public figure.C)How proud they are to have a black woman in the White House.D)What Michelle should do as wife and mother in the White House.60.What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lady?A)However many fans she has,she should remain modest,B)She shouldn’t disappoint the African-American community.C)However hard she tries,she can’t expect to please everybody.D)She will give priority to African-American women’s concerns.61.What do many African-American women hope Michelle Obama will do?A)Help change the prevailing view about black women.B)Help her husband in the task of changing America.C)Outshine previous First Lady.D)Fully display her fine qualities.Passage TwoQuestions62to66are based on the following passage.When next year’s crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall of2009,they’ll be joined by a new face;Andrew Hamilton,the55-year-old provost(教务长)of Yale,who’l l become Oxford’s vice-chancellor—a position equivalent to university president in America.Hamilton isn’t the only educator crossing the Atlantic.Schools in France,Egypt,Singapore,etc,have also recently made top-level hiresfrom abroad.Higher education has become a big and competitive business nowadays,and like so many businesses,it’s gone global.Yet the talent flow isn’t universal.High-level personnel tend to head in only one direction:outward from America.The chief reason is that American schools don’t tend to seriously consider looking abroad.For example,when the board of the University of Colorado searched for a new president,it wanted a leader familiar with the state government,a major source of the university’s budget.“We didn’t do any global consideration,”says Patricia Hayes,the board’s chair.The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson,a69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist(活动家)who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents:fund-raising. Fund-raising is a distinctively American thing,since U.S.schools rely heavily on donations.The fund-raising ability is largely a product of experience and necessity.Many European universities,meanwhile,are still mostly dependent on government funding.But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student number.The decline in government support has made funding-raising an increasing necessary ability among administrators and has hiring committees hungry for Americans.In the past few years,prominent schools around the world have joined the trend.In2003,when Cambridge University appointed AlisonRichard,another former Yale provost,as its vice-chancellor,the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen“a major strengthening of Yale’s financial position.”Of course,fund-raising isn’t the only skill outsiders offer.The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience of some kind of promote international programs and attract a global student body.Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective on established practices.62.What is the current trend in higher education discussed in the passage?A)Institutions worldwide are hiring administrators from the U.S.B)A lot of political activists are being recruited as administrators.C)American universities are enrolling more international students.D)University presidents are paying more attention to funding-raising.63.What is the chief consideration of American universities when hiring top-level administrators?A)The political correctness.B)Their ability to raise funds.C)Their fame in academic circles.D)Their administrative experience.64.What do we learn about European universities from the passage?A)The tuitions they charge have been rising considerably.B)Their operation is under strict government supervision.。
医学专业英语 阅读一分册 第一,二,三章翻译(passage one).doc
第一章To understand the human body it is necessary to understand how its parts are put together and how they function. The study of the body's structure is called anatomy; the study of the body's function is known as physiology. Other studies of human body include biology, cytology, embryology, histology, endocrinology, hematology, immunology, psychology etc.了解人体各部分的组成及其功能，对于认识人体是必需的。
研究人体结构的科学叫解剖学；研究人体功能的科学叫生理学。
其他研究人体的科学包括生物学、细胞学、胚胎学、组织学、内分泌学、血液学、遗传学、免疫学、心理学等等。
Anatomists find it useful to divide the human body into ten systems, that is, the skeletal system, the muscular system, the circulatory system, the respiratory system, the digestive system, the urinary system, the endocrine system, the nervous system, the reproductive system and the skin. The principal parts of each of these systems are described in this article.解剖学家发现把整个人体分成骨骼、肌肉、循环、呼吸、消化、泌尿、内分泌、神经、生殖系统以及感觉器官的做法是很有帮助的。
大学英语阅读理解练习题-Passageone
大学英语阅读理解练习题Passage oneEarly one morning, more than a hundred years ago, an American inventor called Elias Howe finally fell asleep. He had been working all night on the design of a sewing machine but he had run into a very difficult problem: It seemed impossible to get the thread to run smoothly around the needle.Though he was tired, Howe slept badly. He turned and turned. Then he had a dream. He dreamt that he had been caught by terrible savages whose king wanted to kill him and eat him unless he could build a perfect sewing machine. When he tried to do so, Howe ran into the same problem as before. The thread kept getting caught around the needle.The king flew into the cage and ordered his soldiers to kill Howe. They came up towards him with their spears raised. But suddenly the inventor noticed something. There was a hole in the tip of each spear. The inventor awoke from the dream, realizing that he had just found the answer to the problem. Instead of trying to get the thread to run around the needle, he should make it run through a small hole in the center of the needle. This was the simple idea that finally made Howe design and build the first really practised sewing machine.Elias Howe was not the only one in finding the answer to his problem in this way.Thomas Edison, the inventor of the electric light, said his best ideas came into him in dreams. So did the great physicist Albert Einstein. Charlotte Bronte also drew in her dreams in writing Jane Eyre.To know the value of dreams, you have to understand what happens when you are asleep. Even then, a part of your mind is still working. This unconscious(无意识的), but still active part understands your experiences and goes to work on the problems you have had during the day. It stores all sorts of information that you may have forgotten or never have really noticed. It is only when you fall asleep that this part of the brain can send messages to the part you use when you are awake. However, the unconscious part acts in a special way. It uses strange images which the conscious part may not understand at first. This is why dreams are sometimes called “secret messages to ourselves”.1.According to the passage, Elias Howe was________.A. the first person we know of who solved problems in his sleepB. much more hard-working than other inventorsC. the first person to design a sewing machine that really worked2.The problem Howe was trying to solve was________.A. how to prevent the thread from getting caught around the needleB. how to design a needle which would not breakC. where to put the needle3.Thomas Edison is spoken of because________.A. he also tried to invent a sewing machineB. he got some of his ideas from dreamsC. he was one of Howe’s best friends4.Dreams are sometimes called“secret messages to ourselves” because___.A. strange images are used to communicate ideasB. images which have no meaning are usedC. we can never understand the real meaningPassage twoThe greatest recent changes have been in the lives of women. During the twentieth century there was an unusual shortening of the time of a woman’s life spent in caring for children. A woman marrying at the end of the 19th century would probably have been in her middle twenties, and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were five years old. By the time the youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fifties and would expect to live afurther twenty years, during which custom, chance and health made it unusual for her to get paid work. Today women marry younger and have fewer children. Usually a woman’s youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty-five and is likely to take paid work until retirement at sixty. Even while she has the care of children ,her work is lightened by household appliances（家用电器）and convenience foods.This important change in women’s way of life has only recentlybe gun to have its full effect on women’ s economic position. Even a few years ago most girls left school at the first opportunity and most of them took a full-time job. However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. Today the school-leaving age is sixteen, many girls stay at school after that age ,and though women tend to marry younger ,more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born. Many more after wads, return to full or part-time work. Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with both husband and wife accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfaction of family life, and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money and running the home, according to the abilities and interest of each of them.5.We are told that in an average family about 1990________.A. many children died before they were fiveB. the youngest child would be fifteenC. seven of eight children lived to be more than fiveD. four or five children died when they were five6. When she was over fifty, the late 19th century mother________.A. would expect to work until she dieB. was usually expected to take up paid employmentC. would be healthy enough to take up paid employmentD. was unlikely to find a job even if she is now likely7. Many girls, the passage says, are now likely to ________.A. marry so that they can get a jobB. leave school as soon as they canC. give up their jobs for good after they are marriedD. continue working until they are going to have a baby8. According to the passage, it is now quite usual for women to ________.A. stay at home after leaving schoolB. marry men younger than themselvesC. start working again later in lifeD. marry while still at schoolPassage threeSwimming is one of those activities that can be learned early in life. Little children can learn to swim as soon as they walk. In fact, you need the same skills in walking as in swimming. However, I believe that five is the best age to learn. By five or six, a child knows fear of water, a very important thing to know. It's wise to be afraid, to recognize true danger. Young ones understand that the water can sometimes be very dangerous.To really benefit from swimming, every swimmer should learn, as soon as possible, these four basic strokes; butterfly, backstroke, breastroke, and crawl. I feel that one of these-the breaststroke-is different from the others, since some young swimmers use this stroke naturally, without any training.In swimming there are certain rules every swimmer should follow:1. Never swim alone! No matter how good you are in the water, don't risk drowning by swimming alone. If you swim by yourself , with no life guards or friends with you, you may get into trouble.2. Don't go beyond your abilities. Most swimmers know enough not to swim too far from the bank or the beach, Showing off by doing dangerous tricks is no good.Swim safely and you will continue to swim and alive.3. Don't smoke. Swimming depends on a healthy body; good lungs are part of it.4. Work at any activity that builds muscles.9. Little children can learn to swim as soon as _____.A. they can talkB. they start walkingC. they have no fear of the waterD. they are five or six years old10. The author believes that fear of water is_____.A. stupidB. sensibleC. dangerousD. not smart11. The stroke that some young swimmers use first is_____.A. Picture (1)B. Picture (2)C. Picture (3)D. Picture (4)12. According to the passage, you should not swim alone because_____.A. the water is too coldB. your parents would not be happyC. something in the water might attackD. you might drownPassage fourAmericans spend their free time in various ways.America is a country of sports—of hunting, fishing and swimming, and of team sports like baseball and football. Millions of Americans watch their favorite sports on television. They also like to play in community orchestras(管弦乐队),make their own films or recordings, go camping ,visit museums, attend lectures, travel, garden, read, and join in hundreds of other activities. The people also enjoy building things for their homes, sewing their own clothes, even making their own photographs. They do these things for fun as well as for economy.But as much as Americans enjoy their free time, the country is at the same time a"self-improvement" country. More than 25 million adults continue their education, chiefly by going to school in the evening, during their own free time, at their own expense. Added to the time spent on personal activities, Americans a1so devote a great amount of their time to the varied needs of their communities. Many hospitals, schools, libraries, museums, parks, community centers, and organizations that assist the poor depend on the many hours citizens devote to these activities, often without any pay. Why do they do it?There are several answers. The idea of cooperating and sharing responsibility with one another for the benefit of all is as old as the country itself.When the country was first founded in 1776,it was necessary for the settlers to work together to live. They had crossed dangerous seas and risked all they had in their struggle for political and religious freedom. There remains among many Americans a distrust of central government. People still prefer to do things themselves within their communities, rather than give the government more control.Sometimes people offer their time because they wish to accomplish something for which no money is paid, to do something that will be of benefit to the entire community. It is true that some people use their leisure because they are truly interested in the work; or they are learning from the experience.No matter what the reason is, hundreds of thousands of so called leisure hours are put into hard, unpaid work on one or another community need.13. This passage is mainly about ________ . A. why America is a country of sportsB. how Americans spend their free timeC. why America is a "self-improvement" country14. The writer mentions the foundation of the country in order to indicate ________.A. the early history of AmericaB. the American people's determination to liveC. the reason for Americans' willingness to cooperate and share responsibility15.Which of the following best explains the meaning of the underlined word “leis ure" A. work time B. energy C. spare time16.What can we infer from the textA. The first settlers left their hometown for political and religious reasons.B. Many Americans do n′t trust the central government.C. American people enjoy building things for their homes just for fun.Passage fivePersonal computers and the Internet give people new choices about how to spend their time.Some may use this freedom to share less time with certain friends or family members, but new technology will also let them stay in closer touch with those they care most about. I know this from personal experience.E-mail makes it easy to work at home, which is where I now spend most weekends and evenings. My working hours aren’t necessarily much shorter than they once were but I spend fewer of them at the office. This lets me share more time with my young daughter than I might have if she’d been born before electronic mail became such a practical tool.The Internet also makes it easy to share thoughts with a group of friends. Say you do something fun see a great movie perhaps-and there are four or five friends who might want to hear about it. If you call each one, you may tire of telling the story.With E-mail, you just write one note about your experience, at your convenience, and address it to all the friends you think might be interested. They can read your message when they have time, and read only as much as they want to. They can reply at their convenience, and you can read what they have to say at your convenience.E-mail is also an inexpensive way stay in close touch with people who live far away. More than a few parents use E-mail to keep in touch, even daily touch, with their children off at college.We just have to keep in mind that computers and the Internet offer another way of staying in touch. They don’t take the place of any of the old ways.17.The purpose of this passage is to ________.18.A. explain how to use the InternetB. describe the writer’s joy of keeping up with the latest technologyC. tell the merits(价值) and usefulness of the InternetD. introduce the reader to basic knowledge about personal computers and the Internet18. The use of E-mail has made it possible for the writer to ________.A. spend less time workingB. have more free time with his childC. work at home on weekendsD. work at a speed comfortable to him19. According to the writer, E-mail has an obvious advantage over the telephone because the former helps one ________.A. reach a group of people at one time convenientlyB. keep one’s communication as personal as possibleC. pass on much more information than the laterD. get in touc h with one’s friends faster than the later20.The best title for this passage is ________.21.A. Computer: New Technological AdvancesB. Internet: New Tool to Maintain Good FriendshipC. Computers Have Made Life EasierD. Internet: a Convenient Tool for Communication1.C2.A3.B4.A5.D6.D7.D8.C9.B 10.B 11.A 12.D 13.B 14.C 15.C 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.A 20.D。
Passage one单词
Passage one1 spotn.现场；词组：on the spotV.定位，发现；同义find，locate2 crash into 撞击collision n.撞击hit n.v 击，打3 version n.版本4 orbit n.轨道v.绕行course跑道；课程；v奔流5 rare a.稀少的；嫩的6take care=see to 盯紧，看紧7cure v.(+of)治愈；n.(+for)药；治疗方法8 disease n.疾病9 less A than B A 比B少more A than B A比B多10 heavenly bodies 天体11 nuclear weapons 核武器12 telescope 望远镜Passage two1 an abundance of=a plenty of 许多，大量2 estate n.住宅区，庄园，种植园habitats 栖息地3 construction n.建设，建筑物4 irresponsible a.不负责任的5 conservancy 管理，保护机构conservation n.保存，守恒6 bud n.芽，蓓蕾v.发芽；=buddy 同伴，老兄7 protection n.保护8 forge v.伪造，假冒；打铁，锻造forger 伪造者9 partnership n.合伙，合伙企业10 acre 英亩11 secure a.安全的，牢固的12 attribute n.特性，特质，属性attribute sth to sb /sth把…归因于…13 presence n. 出席，到场；存在14 commitment n.承诺（…to);奉献15 remarkable a.不寻常的，奇特的；值得注意的16 dying out 濒临灭绝的17 shrink 缩水18 branch 分支，部分；办事处Passage three1 participate=take part in=attend=be involved in 参与2 nevertheless(解释说明）然而3 comparable 大致相同的compare v.比较4 In contrast =on contrary 相反的是5 doubt-income 双收入家庭dink 无小孩家庭6 make for 产生7 messed up kids 问题儿童8 negotiate v.谈判，协商商定negotiation n. Negotiable a.9 peer 同龄人peer group 年龄，社会地位相同的一群人10 replace A with B 用B 换A11 convince 信服convince sb of sth ;说服convince sb to do sthConvincing a.有说服力的，使人信服的12 partially ad.部分地13 be ground in to/on 以…为根据，建立在…基础上On the grounds that 由于，根据14 concern about 担忧15 infer 推断16 extracurricular 课外17 switch off =turn off 关闭18 fruitful a.成果丰富的Passage four1 distinction n.差别，不同（+between)Distinct a.明显不同的（+from)2 practice n.方式；练习in practice 实际上，在实践中3 tremendous a.巨大的，强有力的4 barrier n.障碍5 encounter v 遇见6 capture v.夺取，获得7 edit v /n编辑edition n.版本editor n.主编8 persuade v说服persuade sb to do sth /persuade sb into doing sth v 相信，使信服Persuade sb of sth /persuade sb （that)9 raw a.生的，原始状态的10 sound a.完好的，健全的。
成人高等教育学士学位英语真题1 (1)
成人高等教育学士学位英语真题1(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Paper OnePart Ⅰ Dialogue Completion(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Joanna: Don"t you think that"s a good match?George: ______ It goes well with your scarf, too.（分数：1.00）A.No, of course it is.B.Yes, it looks great. √C.No, I don"t think so.D.Yes, glad to hear that.解析：[解析] 根据对话可知，乔安娜在询问乔治她的搭配如何，根据乔治的回答“它和你的围巾也很配”可知，乔治认为她搭配得很好。
四个选项中，只有B项(是的，它看起来很棒)最符合语境。
故选B。
2.Kevin: I am afraid I"ve spilt ink over the table cloth.Tommy: ______（分数：1.00）A.Oh, never mind about that. √B.No, not at all.C.Oh, I never heard of it.D.No, certainly not.解析：[解析] 根据对话可知，凯文在向汤米表示歉意。
情景交际中，在当事人道歉时，另一方应该尽力安慰，表达没有关系。
选项A(没关系，不必对此介意)符合语境。
故选A。
3.Ben: Help yourself to a cigarette.Carlo: No, thank you.（分数：1.00）A.I"m trying to cut down. √B.I owe you one now.C.Have you got a light?D.I"d be glad to.解析：[解析] 本在邀请卡洛抽烟，根据卡洛的回答“不，谢谢你”可知，卡洛在委婉地拒绝。
(完整版)英语四级阅读题库含答案解析
英语四级阅读题库含答案解析1.Passage OneGlobal warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but regardless of whether it is or isn’t –we won’t do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoidit. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely theyare to be observed.Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth,”as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don’t know enough to relieve global warming, and –without major technological breakthroughs—we can’t do much about it.From 2003 to 2050, the world’s population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, totalenergy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. butthat’s too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economicgrowth unless we condemn the world’s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else‘s living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they’re “doing something.”Consider the Kyoto Protocol (京都议定书). It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn’t. But it hasn’t reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories (签字国) didn’t adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem whenit’s really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don’t solve the engineering problem, we’re helpless.57. What is said about global warming in the first paragraph?A) It may not prove an environmental crisis at all. B) It is an issue requiring world wide commitments.C) Serious steps have been taken to avoid or stop it. D) Very little will be done to bring it under control.58. According to the author’s understanding, what is Al Gore’s view on global warming?A) It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of.B) It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences.C) It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized.D) It is an area we actually have little knowledge about.59. Green house emissions will more than double by 2050 because of _______.A) economic growthB) the widening gap between the rich and poor C) wasteful use of energyD) the rapid advances of science and technology60. The author believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, ________.A) politicians have started to do something to better the situationB) few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy useC) reductions in energy consumption have greatly cut back global warmingD) international cooperation has contributed to solving environmental problems61. What is the message the author intends to convey?A) Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one.B) The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technologyC) The debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthroughs.D) People have to give up certain material comforts to stop global warming.Passage TwoSomeday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan the Websites you’ve visited. Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your creditcard purchase or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.In fact, it’s likely some of these things have already happened to you. Who wouldwatch you without your permission? It might be a spouse, a girlfriend, a marketing company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you neverintended to be seen —the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked.Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it’s important to reveal yourself to friends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain. Thedigital bread crumbs(碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. In some cases, a simpleGoogle search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a worldwhere you simple cannot keep a secret.The key question is: Does that matter?When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned aboutlosing it. A survey found an overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is “slipping away, and that bothers me.”But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny fraction of Americans changeany behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount attollbooths(收费站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements. And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards. Privacy economist Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personalinformation like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-offcoupon (优惠券).But privacy does matter –at least sometimes. It’s like health: When you have it, you don’t notice it. Only when it’s gone do you wish you’d done more to protect it.62. What does the author mean by saying “the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked ”(Lines 3-4, Para.2)?A) People’s personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge.B) In the 21st century people try every means to look into others’secrets.C) People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age.D) Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology.63. What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends?A) Friends should open their hearts to each other.B) Friends should always be faithful to each other. C) There should be a distance even between friends.D) There should be fewer disputes between friends.64. Why does the author say “we live in a world where you simple cannot keep a secret”(Line 5, Para.3)?A) Modern society has finally evolved into an open society.B) People leave traces around when using modern technology.C) There are always people who are curious about others’affairs.D) Many search engines profit by revealing people’s identities.65. What do most Americans do with regard to privacy protection?A) They change behaviors that might disclose their identity.B) They use various loyalty cards for business transactions.C) They rely more and more on electronic devices. D) They talk a lot but hardly do anything about it.66. According to the passage, privacy is like health in that ________.A) people will make every effort to keep itB) its importance is rarely understoodC) it is something that can easily be lostD) people don’t cherish it until they lose it2.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.If you are a male and you are readingthis ,congratulations: you are a survivor .According to statistics .you are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman ,and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming youmake it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on average five years before a woman.There are many reasons for this-typically, men take more risks than woman and are more likely to drink and smoke but perhaps more importantly, men don’t go to the doctor.“Men aren’t seeing doctors as oftenas they should, ”says Dr. Gullotta, “This is particularly so for the over-40s,when diseases tend to strike.”Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over 45,it should be at least once a year.Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old ma who had delayed doing anything about his smoker’s cough for a year.“When I finally saw him it had alreadyspread and he has since died from lung cancer”he says, “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but itwould have prolonged this life”According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group.“A lot of men think they are invincible（不可战胜的）”Gullotta says “They only come in when a friend drops dead on thegolf course and they think”Geez, if it could happen to him.Then there is the ostrich approach,”some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know, ”says Dr. Ross Cartmill.“Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,”Cartmill says .He believes most diseases that commonly affect men couldbe addressed by preventive check-ups.Regular check-ups for men would inevitably place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says.”But prevention is cheaperin the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost is far greater: it is called premature death.”57.Why does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage?A. They are more likely to survive serious diseases today.B. Their average life span has been considerably extended.C. They have lived long enough to read this article.D. They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier live.58.What does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier on average than women?A. men drink and smoke much more than womenB. men don’t seek medical care as oftenas womenC. men aren’t as cautions as women in face of dangerD. men are more likely to suffer from fatal diseases59. Which of the following best completesthe sentence “Geez, if it could happen to him…’(line2,para,8)?A. it could happen to me, tooB. I should avoid playing golfC. I should consider myself luckyD. it would be a big misfortune60what does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by “the ostrich approach”(line q para.9)A. a casual attitude towards one’s health conditionsB. a new therapy for certain psychological problemsC. refusal to get medical treatment for fearof the pain involvedD. unwillingness to find out about one’s disease because of fear61. What does Cartmill say about regularcheck-ups for men?A.They may increase public expensesB.They will save money in the long runC.They may cause psychological strains on menD.They will enable men to live as long as womenPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.High-quality customer service is preached(宣扬) by many ,but actually keeping customers happy is easier said than doneShoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers-and anyone who will listen.Store managers are often the last tohear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide t frequent their competitors, according to astudy jointly conducted by Verde group and Wharton school“Storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers,”said Paula Courtney, President of the Verde group.”the store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement.”On average, every unhappy customerwill complain to at least four other, and will no longer visit the specific store for every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to three more due to negative reviews. The resulting “snowball effect”can be disastrous to retailers.According to the research, shoppers who purchased clothing encountered themost problems. ranked second and third were grocery and electronics customers.The most common complaints include filled parking lots, cluttered (塞满了的) shelves, overloaded racks, out-of-stock items, long check-out lines, and rude salespeople.During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved the parking problems by getting moonlighting（业余兼职的）local police to work as parking attendants. Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking spaces. This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space.Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking sales items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers, and having sales representatives on hand to answer questions.Most importantly, salespeople shouldbe diplomatic and polite with angry customers.“Retailers who’re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so friendly.”said Professor Stephen Hoch. “Maybe something as simple as a greeter at the store entrance would help.”Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaintsto the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. Retailers are hard-pressed to improve when they haveno idea what is wrong.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答62. Why are store managers often the lastto hear complaints?A Most customers won’t bother to complain even if they have had unhappy experiences.B Customers would rather relate their unhappy experiences to people around them.C Few customers believe the service will be improved.D Customers have no easy access to store managers.63. What does Paula Courtney imply by saying “…the shopper must also find a replacement”(Line 2, Para. 4)?A New customers are bound to replace old ones.B It is not likely the shopper can find thesame products in other stores.C Most stores provide the sameD Not complaining to the manager causesthe shopper some trouble too.64. Shop owners often hire moonlightingpolice as parking attendants so that shoppers_____A can stay longer browsing in the storeB won’t have trouble parking their carsC won’t have any worries about securityD can find their cars easily after shopping65. What contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers?A Manners of the salespeopleB Hiring of efficient employeesC Huge supply of goods for saleD Design of the store layout.66. To achieve better shopping experiences, customers are advised to _________.A exert pressure on stores to improve their serviceB settle their disputes with stores in a diplomatic wayC voice their dissatisfaction to store managers directlyD shop around and make comparisons between stores3. The January fashion show, called Future Fashion , exemplified howfar green design has come. Organized by the New York-based nonprofitEarth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. Several have since made pledges toinclude organic fabrics in their lines.The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate,which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials canstill be tough to fine . “Most designers with existing labels are findingthere aren’t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you’re doing and shat your customers are used to,”he says. For example, organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually indistinguishable once woven into a dress. But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, stillhave few eco-friendly equivalents.Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support.Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs(企业家) who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gavespecial recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable . It now counts more than 50 green designers, up from fewerthan a dozen two years ago. This week Wal-Mart is set to announce amajor initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buytransitional(过渡型的) cotton at higher prices , thus helping to expand thesupply of a key sustainable material . “Mainstream is about to occur,”says Hahn.Some analysts(分析师) are less sure . Among consumers, only 18%are even aware that ecofashion exists, up from 6% four years ago.Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconverted consumer, when asked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she replied:“Not that I’m aware of.”Like most consumers, she finds little time to shop, and when she does, she’s on the hunt for “cute stuff that isn’t too expensive.”By her own admission, green just isn’t yet on her mind. But–thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers –one day it will be.57. What is said about Future Fashion?A) It inspired many leading designers to start going green.B) It showed that designers using organic fabrics would go far.C) It served as an example of how fashion shows should be organized.D) It convinced the public that fashionable clothes should be madedurable.58. According to Scott Hahn, one big challenge to designers who will goorganic is that .A) much more time is needed to finish a dress using sustainablematerials .B) they have to create new brands for clothes made of organicmaterials .C) customers have difficulty telling organic from non-organicmaterials .D) quality organic replacements for synthetics are not readilyavailable .59. We learn from Paragraph 3 that designers who undertake greenfashion .A) can attend various trade shows free .B) are readily recognized by the fashion worldC) can buy organic cotton at favorable prices .D) are gaining more and more support .60. What is Natalie Hormilla’s attitude toward ecofashion?A) She doesn’t seem to care about it. C) She is doubtful of itspractical value.B) She doesn’t think it is sustainable D) She is very muchopposed to the idea61. What does the author think of green fashion?A) Green products will soon go mainstream.B) It has a very promising future.C) Consumers have the final say.D) It will appeal more to young people.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a personhas lived using a strand(缕) of hair , a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims .The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinkingwater show up in people’s hair.“You’re what you eat and drink, and that’s recorded in you hair,”said Thure Cerling, a geologist at the University of Utah.While U.S diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary. The differences result from weather patterns. The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as raid clouds move.Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable , but traces ofboth elements are also present as heavier isotopes (同位素) . The heaviest raid falls first .As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavierwater to California than to Utah.Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S. By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand ofhair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of hair corresponds to about two months.Cerling’s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a mop of the regional differences. They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65 barber shops.They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regionsroughly corresponding to the movement of raid systems.“It’s not good for pinpointing (精确定位),”Cerling said . “It’s good for eliminating many possibilities.”Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learnmore about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt andseveral strands of hair.When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to the researchers. Chemical testing showed that over the two years before herdeath, she moved about every two months.She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be morespecific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming.“It’s still a substantial area,”Park said “But it narrows it way down for me.”62. What is the scientists’new discovery?A) One’s hair growth has to do with the amount of water they drink.B) A person’s hair may reveal where they have lived.C) Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects.D) The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person.63. What does the author mean by “You’re what you eat and drink”(Line 1, Para.3)?A) Food and drink affect one’s personality development.B) Food and drink preferences vary with individuals.C) Food and drink leave traces in one’s body tissues.D) Food and drink are indispensable to one’s existence.64. What is said about the rainfall in America’s West?A) There is much more rainfall in California than in Utah.B) The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland.C) Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas.D) It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward.65. What did Cerling’s team produce in their research?A) A map showing the regional differences of tap water.B) A collection of hair samples from various barber shops.C) A method to measure the amount of water in human hair.D) A chart illustrating the movement of the rain system.66. What is the practical value of Cerling’s research?A) It helps analyze the quality of water in different regions.B) It helps the police determine where a crime is committed.C) It helps the police narrow down possibilities in detective work.D) It helps identify the drinking habits of the person under investigation.4.Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how they’ll change America. Rightly so, but selfishly, I’m more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might beable to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-Americanwoman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world’s attention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get upclose and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory seems to be that we’re all hot-tempered single mothers who can’t keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black women still can’t escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic (酗酒的) mothers.These images have helped define the way all women are viewed, including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets the chance to commit toa cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhapsmost complicated duty may be simple to be herself.It won’t be easy. Because few mainstream publications have donein-depth features on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis.For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogshave written about what they’d like to see Michelle bring to the White House—mainly showing the world that a black woman can support herman and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to please everyone—an impossible task. But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise (沉着), confidence and intelligence will goa long way in changing an image that’s been around for far too long.57. Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for the author?A) She serves as a role model for African women.B) She possesses many admirable qualities becoming a First Lady.C) She will present to the world a new image of African-American women.D) She will pay closer attention to the interests of African-Americanwomen.58. What is the common stereotype of African-American women according to the author?A) They are victims of violence. B) They are of an inferior violence.C) They use quite a lot of body language. D) They live on charity andsocial welfare.59. What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs?A) Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans.B) How Michelle should behave as a public figure.C) How proud they are to have a black woman in the White House.D) What Michelle should do as wife and mother in the White House.60. What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lady?A) However many fans she has, she should remain modest,B) She shouldn’t disappoint the African-American community.C) However hard she tries, she can’t expect to please everybody.D) She will give priority to African-American women’s concerns.61. What do many African-American women hope Michelle Obamawill do?A) Help change the prevailing view about black women.B) Help her husband in the task of changing America.C) Outshine previous First Lady.D) Fully display her fine qualities.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.When next year’s crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall of 2009, they’ll be joined by a new face; Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old provost (教务长) of Yale, who’ll become Oxford’s vice-chancellor—a position equivalent to university presidentin America.Hamilton isn’t the only educator crossing the Atlantic. Schools in France, Egypt, Singapore, etc, have also recently made top-level hires from abroad. Higher education has become a big and competitive business nowadays, and like so many businesses, it’s gone global. Yet the talent flow isn’t universal. High-level personnel tend to head in onlyone direction: outward from America.The chief reason is that American schools don’t tend to seriously consider looking abroad. For example, when the board of the Universityof Colorado searched for a new president, it wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of the university’s budget. “We didn’t do any global consideration,”says Patricia Hayes, the board’s chair. The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist (活动家) who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents: fund-raising. Fund-raising is a distinctively American thing, since U.S. schools rely heavily on donations. The fund-raising ability is largely a product of experience and necessity.Many European universities, meanwhile, are still mostly dependenton government funding. But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student number. The decline in government support hasmade funding-raising an increasing necessary ability among administrators and has hiring committees hungry for Americans.In the past few years, prominent schools around the world have joined the trend. In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed AlisonRichard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the universitypublicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “a major strengthening of Yale’s financial position.”Of course, fund-raising isn’t the only skill outsiders offer. The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking headswith international experience of some kind of promote international programs and attract a global student body. Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective on established practices.62. What is the current trend in higher education discussed in the passage?A) Institutions worldwide are hiring administrators from the U.S.B) A lot of political activists are being recruited as administrators.C) American universities are enrolling more international students.D) University presidents are paying more attention to funding-raising.63. What is the chief consideration of American universities when hiring top-level administrators?A) The political correctness. B) Their ability to raise funds.C) Their fame in academic circles. D) Their administrative experience.64. What do we learn about European universities from the passage?。
PassageOne英文阅读理解答案
Passage One英文阅读理解答案Passage One英文阅读理解答案小伙伴是否还记得当年的英语听力呢?sectionA到sectionB，还记得有什么题型吗?下面是小编为大家整理的关于sectionB的passage one阅读理解以及相关的答案解析，希望对你们有帮助。
Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D].You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage oneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. T o some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some cases, globalization is a fact of li fe;however, cultural differences are still far from converging.The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.57.According to the passage, which of the following is true?[A]All international managers can learn culture.[B]Business diversity is not necessary.[C]Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.[D]Most people do not know foreign culture well.58.According to the author, the model of Pepsi.[A]is in line with the theories that the business is business the world around[B]is different from the model of McDonald’s[C]shows the reverse of globalization[D]has converged cultural differences59.The two schools of thought.[A]both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures[B]both advocate that different policies be set up in differentcountries[C]admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world[D]both A and B60.This article is supposed to be most useful for those.[A]who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity[B]who have connections to more than one type of culture[C]who want to travel abroad[D]who want to run business on International Scale61.According to Fortune, successful international companies.[A]earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas[B]all have the quality of patience[C]will follow the overseas local cultures[D]adopt the policy of internationalization【全文翻译】文化是国际商业中最具是挑战性的因素之一。
2019年6月大学英语四级仔细阅读(passage one-婚姻与疾病)
2019年6月大学英语四级长篇阅读真题（Passage One-婚姻与疾病）来源：文都教育此时此刻，2019年6月大学英语四级考试已然结束，广大考生应该有切身的感触，今年的阅读理解相对以往稍微困难一些，具体体现在其科学性和时代性。
当下随着社会的不断发展，离婚率在年轻人中越来越高。
同时在中年人群中，由于疾病而引发的离婚也成为关注的对象。
今年的四级阅读真题正是在这样的背景下应运而生。
考生除了掌握相关的阅读解题技巧之外，还需要具备一定的科学素养和批判性思维。
46.What can we learn about marriage vows from the passage?答案：A they may not guarantee a lasting marriage解析：通过marriage vows 可定位到文章第一段，But a new study finds that the risk of divorce among older married couples rises when the wife—but not the husband—becomes seriously ill.说明vows并不能保证长久的婚姻关系。
而且结合下文可以看出在疾病面前，尤其是当妻子生病后，婚姻关系更容易破裂。
其他选项都与这个主题不符合。
所以不选。
47.What did Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham find about elderly husbands?答案：47B They can become increasingly vulnerable to serious illnesses.解析：通过题干可定位至原文第四段：The incidence of new chronic illness onset increased over time as well, with more husbands than wives developing serious health problems.根据句意随着时间的增长，新的慢性病的发病率也随之增高，在患病的夫妻当中，丈夫的数量超过妻子。
passageone阅读理解答案
passageone阅读理解答案passage one阅读理解及答案如下：Passage One (Clinton Is Right)President Clintonrsquo;s decision on Apr.8 to send Chinese Premier Zhu Rongji packing without an agreement on Chinarsquo;s entry into the World Trade Organization seemed to be a massive miscalculation. The President took a drubbing from much of the press, which had breathlessly reported that a deal was in the bag. The Cabinet and Whit House still appeared divided, and business leaders were characterized as furious over the lost opportunity. Zhu charged that Clinton lacked “the courage” to reach an accord. And when Clinton later telephoned the angry Zhu to pledge a renewed effort at negotiations, the gesture was widely portrayed as a flip-flop.In fact, Clinton made the right decision in holding out for a better WTO deal. A lot more horse trading is needed before a final agreement can be reached. And without the Administrationrsquo;s goal of a “bullet-proof agreement” that business lobbyists can enthusiastically sell to a Republican Congress, the whole process will end up in partisan acrimony that could harm relations with China for years.THE HARD PART. Many business lobbyists, while disappointed that the deal was not closed, agree that better terms can still be had. And Treasury Secretary Robert E. Rubin, National Economic Council Director Gene B.Sperling, Commerce Secretary William M. Daley, and top trade negotiator Charlene Barshefsky all advised Clinton that while the Chinese had made a remarkable number of concessions, “wersquo;re not there yet,”according to senior officials.Negotiating with Zhu over the remaining issues may be the easy part. Although Clinton can signal U.S. approval for Chinarsquo;s entry into the WTO himself, he needs Congress to grant Beijing permanentmost-favored-nation status as part of a broad trade accord. And the temptation for meddling on Capital Hill may prove over-whelming. Zhu had barely landed before Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott (R-Miss) declared himself skeptical that China deserved entry into the WTO. And Senators Jesse A. Helms (R-N.C.) and Emest F. Hollings (D-S. C.) promised to introduce a bill requiring congressional approval of any deal.The hidden message from these three textile-state Southerners: Get more protection for the U. S. clothing industry. Hoping to smooth the way, the Administration tried, but failed, to budge Zhu on textiles. Also left in the lurch: Wall Street, Hollywood, and Detroit. Zhu refused to open up much of the lucrative Chinese securities market and insisted on “cultural” restrictions on American movies and music. He also blocked efforts to allow U. S. auto makers to provide fleet financing.BIG JOB. Already, business lobbyists are blanketing Capitol Hill to presale any eventual agreement, but what theyrsquo;ve heard so far isnrsquo;t encouraging. Republicans, including Lott, say that “the time just isnrsquo;t right” for the deal. Translation: Wersquo;re determined to make it look as if Clinton has capitulated to the Chinese and is ignoring human, religious, and labor rights violations; the theft ofnuclear-weapons technology; and the sale of missile parts to Americarsquo;s enemies. Beijingrsquo;s fierce critics within the Democratic Party, such as Senator Paul D. Wellstone of Minnesota and House Minority leader Richard A. Gephardt of Missouri, wonrsquo;t help, either.Just how tough the lobbying job on Capitol Hill will be become clear on Apr. 20, when Rubin lectured 19chief executives on the need to discipline their Republican allies. With business and the White House still trading charges over who is responsible for the defeat of fast-track trade negotiating legislation in 1997, working together wonrsquo;t be easy. And Republicansmdash;with a winkmdash;say that theyrsquo;ll eventually embrace Chinarsquo;s entry into the WTO as a favor to Corporate America. Though not long before they torture Clinton. But Zhu is out on a limb, and if Congress overdoes the criticism, he may be forced by domestic critics to renege. Business must make this much dear to both its GOP allies and the Whit House: This historic deal is too important to risk losing to any more partisan squabbling1.The main idea of this passage is[A]. The Contradiction between the Democratic Party and the Republican Party.[B]. On Chinarsquo;s entry into WTO.[C]. Clinton was right.[D]. Business Lobbyists Control Capitol Hill.2.What does the sentence “Also left in the lurch: Wall Street, Hollywood, Detroit” convey?[A]. Premier Zhu rejected their requirements.[B]. The three places overdid criticism.[C]. They wanted more protection.[D]. They are in trouble.3.What was the attitude of the Republican Party toward Chinarsquo;s entry into the WTO?[A]. Contradictory. [B].Appreciative.[C]. Disapproving. [D]. Detestful.4.Who plays the leading part in the deal in America?[A]. White House . [B]. Republicans.[C]. The Democratic Party. [D]. Businessmen.5.It can be inferred from the passage that[A]. America will make concessions.[B]. America will hold out for a better WTO[C]. Clinton has the right to signal U. S. approval for Chinarsquo;s entry.[D]. Democratic party approve Chinarsquo;s entry into the WTO.Vocabulary1.drubbing 痛打 get/take a drabbing 遭人痛打2.flip-flop=great change suddenly 游说，突然改变，突然反方向。
2023级6月四级英语考试真题第二套
2023级6月四级英语考试真题第二套2023 Level 4 English Exam June Second SetReading ComprehensionPart A:1. Passage OneThe passage discusses the impact of climate change on wildlife. It highlights how rising temperatures and changing ecosystems are affecting habitats and species around the world. The passage also emphasizes the need for conservation efforts to protect endangered animals and preserve biodiversity.2. Passage TwoThis passage explores the benefits of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power. It discusses how these clean energy alternatives can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change. The passage also addresses some of the challenges and limitations of transitioning to a renewable energy economy.3. Passage ThreeIn this passage, the author examines the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) and its implications for society. The passagediscusses how AI is revolutionizing industries such as healthcare, transportation, and finance. It also raises ethical concerns about the impact of AI on jobs, privacy, and human decision-making.Part B:4. Multiple Choice Questions1. Which of the following best describes the main idea of Passage One?A. The importance of protecting endangered species.B. The impact of climate change on wildlife habitats.C. The benefits of renewable energy sources.D. The rise of artificial intelligence in society.2. What is the primary focus of Passage Two?A. The limitations of renewable energy sources.B. The benefits of wind and solar power.C. The challenges of combating climate change.D. The impact of AI on society.3. According to Passage Three, what is a potential downside of artificial intelligence?A. Improved efficiency in industries.B. Increased job opportunities.C. Ethical concerns about privacy.D. Human decision-making.Writing SkillsPart A: Essay WritingWrite an essay discussing the importance of environmental conservation in today's society. Include examples of how climate change is affecting ecosystems and wildlife around the world. Offer solutions for how individuals and governments can help protect the environment and preserve biodiversity for future generations.Part B: Letter WritingWrite a letter to a local government official expressing your concerns about air pollution in your community. Explain the impact of air pollution on public health and the environment. Propose specific actions that can be taken to reduce pollution levels and improve air quality for residents.Overall, the 2023 Level 4 English Exam June Second Set covers a range of important topics related to environmentalconservation, renewable energy, and artificial intelligence. Students are encouraged to carefully read and analyze each passage before answering the comprehension and writing questions. Good luck with your exam!。
2019年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案：PassageOne答案及解析
2019年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案：PassageOne答案及解析2019年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案：PassageOne答案及解析Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passageProfessor Stephen Hawking has warned that the creation of powerful artificial intelligence (AI) will be “either the best, or the worst thing, ever to happen to humanity”, and praised the creation of an academic institute dedicated to researching the fut ure of intelligence as “crucial to the future of our civiliz ation and our species.”Hawking was speaking at the opening of the Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence (LCFI) at Cambridge University, a multi-disciplinary institute that will attempt to tackle some of the open-ended questions raised by the rapid pace of development in AI research. “We spend a great deal of time studying history,” Hawking said, “which,let’s face it, is mostly the history of stupidity. So it’s a welcome change that people are studying instead the future of intelligence.”While the world-renowned physicist has often been cautious about AI, raising concerns that humanity could be the architect of its own destruction if it creates a super-intelligence with a will of its own, he was also quick to highlight the positives that AI rese arch can bring. “The potential benefits of creating intelligence are huge,” he said. “We cannot predict what we might achieve when our own minds are amplified by AI. Perhaps with the tools of this newtechnological revolution, we will be able to undo some of thedamage done to the natural world by the last one –industrialization. And surely we will aim to finally eradicate disease and poverty. And every aspect of our lives will be transformed. In short, success in creating AI could be the biggest event in t he history of our civilization.”Huw Price, the centre’s academic director and the Bertrand Russell professor of philosophy at Cambridge University, where Hawking is also an academic, said that the centre came about partially as a result of the university’s Centre for Existential Risk. That institute examined a wider range of potential problems or humanity, while the LCFI has a narrow focus.AI pioneer Margaret Boden, professor of cognitive science at the University of Sussex, praised the progress of such discussions. As recently as 2009, she said, the topic wasn’t taken seriously, even among AI researchers. “AI is hugely exciting,” she said, “but it has limitations, which present grace dangers given uncritical use.”The academic community is not alone in warning about the potential dangers of AI as well as the potential benefits. A number of pioneers from the technology industry, most famously the entrepreneur Elon Musk, have also expressedtheir concerns about the damage that a super-intelligent AI could do to humanity.46. What did Stephen Hawking think of artificial intelligence?A) It would be vital to the progress of human civilization.B) It might be a blessing or a disaster in the making.C) It might present challenges as well as opportunities.D) It would be a significant expansion of human intelligence.46. B. It might be a blessing or a disaster in the making.【定位】依据题干Stephen Hawking think of artificialintelligence定位到第一段第一句【解析】“either the best, or the worst thing…”，要么是的，要么是最坏的，与选项B对应。
新编商务英语阅读教程(第二版)参考答案
《《新编商务英语阅读教程》(第二版)练习参考答案》来自南京廖华在线阅读本文：《新编商务英语阅读教程》(第二版)练习参考答案《新编商务英语阅读教程》（第二版）练习参考答案Unit OneI.1. 资产C2. 边际变动E3. 市场势力I4. 劳动生产力（率）J5. 经济学A6. 市场失灵G7. 市场经济F8. 机会成本D9. 通货膨胀K10. 外部性H11. 效率B12. 菲利普斯曲线LII.Passage One经济学的研究主要分为两部分：宏观经济学与微观经济学。
宏观经济学着眼于经济全局——一幅宏观的画面。
在宏观经济学中，我们研究国家的政策目标，例如充分就业、抑制通货膨胀、经济增长等，而不考虑个人或者单个团体的利益和行为。
对宏观经济学的关注是为了从总体上认识并改善经济的运行。
微观经济学则关注宏观画面中的细节。
在微观经济学中，我们着眼于实际构成宏观经济的个人、厂商和政府机构。
我们感兴趣的是这些独立经济单位的行为。
他们的目标何在？以有限资源实现目标的途径是什么？如何对各种激励和机会做出反应？宏观经济学主要关注，例如，总消费性支出对总产出、就业及物价的影响。
很少关注消费性支出及其决定因素的实际内涵。
相反，微观经济学关注的是个体消费者具体的支出决策及其影响因素（爱好、物价水平、收入状况）。
宏、微观经济学的区别还反映在关于企业投资的讨论中。
宏观经济学中，我们需要了解决定企业总投资率的因素以及这些投资对一国的总产出、就业及物价水平产生影响的路径。
而微观经济学中，我们关注的是各家企业关于生产率、生产要素的抉择以及具体物品的定价决策。
了解宏、微观经济学的区别并非难事。
在现实社会，宏观经济的表现有赖于微观行为，而微观行为又受宏观经济表现的影响。
因此，人们只有了解了所有经济活动的参与者的行为方式及其成因，才能充分了解整个经济的运作方式。
但是，就如你会开车而不懂发动机的构造原理那样，你能观察到经济运行方式但并不能完全解开其中奥秘。
大学英语18级音体美阅读理解 Section C Passage One试题及参考答案
18级音体美阅读理解Section C Passage One试题试题1Passage One (10%)Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage．The endless debate about“ work—life balance ”often contains a hopeful footnote about stay at home dads．If American society and business won’t make it easier on future female leaders who choose to have children，there is still the ray of hope that increasing numbers of full—time fathers will．But based on today’s socioeconomic trends，this hope is，unfortunately，misguided．It’s true that th e number of men who have left work to do their thing as full—time parents has doubled in a decade，but it’s still very small：only 0.8％of married couples where the stay—at—home father was out of the labor force for a year．Even that percentage is likely inflated by men thrust into their caretaker role by a downsizing．This is simply not a large enough group to reduce the social stigma(污名)and force other adjustments necessary to supporting men in this decision．even if only work more than their family．Even shorter times away from work for working fathers are already difficult．A study found that 85％of new fathers take some time off after the birth of a child—but for all but a few．it’s a week or two at most．Meanwhile，the average for women who take leave is more than lo weeks．Such choices impact who moves up in the organization．While you’re away，someone else is doing your work，making your sales，taking care of your customers．That can’t help you at work．It can only hurt you．Women，of course，face the same issues of returning after a long absence．But with many more women than men choosing to leave the workforce entirely to raise families，returning from an extended parental leave doesn’t raise as many eyebrows as it does for men．Women would make more i f they didn’t break their earning trajectory(轨迹)by leaving the workforce，or if higher-paying professions were more family friendly．In the foreseeable future，Stay at home fathers may make all the difference for individual families. but their presence won’t reduce the numbers of high potential women who are forced to choose between family and career．1. What gives women a ray of hope to achieve work-life balance?A. More men taking an extended parental leave．B. People’s changing attitudes towards family．C. More women entering business management．D. The improvement of their socioeconomic status．2. Why does the author say the hope for more full—time fathers is misguided?A. Women are better at taking care of children．B. Many men value work more than their family．C. Their number is too small to make a difference．D. Not many men have the chance to stay at home．3. Why do few men take a long parental leave?A.A long leave will have a negative impact on their career．B. They just have too many responsibilities to fulfill at work．C. The economic loss will be too much for their family to bear．D. They are likely to get fired if absent from work for too lon9．4. What is the most likely reaction to men returning from an extended parental leave?A. Jealousy.B. SurpriseC. AdmirationD. Sympathy5.What does the author say about high-potential women in the not-too-distant future?A. They will benefit from the trend of more fathers staying at home.B. They will find high-paying professions a bit more family-friendly.C. They are unlikely to break their career trajectory to raise a family.D. They will still face the difficult choice between career and children.试题2Passage One (10%)Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.Shoppers in the UK are spending less money on toilet paper to save money, research has shown.Penny-pinching UK consumers choose cheaper products from discounters such as Alcli and Lidl rather than luxury alternatives.This has wiped 6% off the value of the soft tissue paper market in the UK. It has shrunk from £1.19 billion in 2011 to £ 1.12 billion in 2015, according to a new report from market research company Mintel. Furthermore, the future of the market looks far from rosy, with sales expected to fall further to £.1.11 billion in 2016.In the last year alone, despite an increase in the UK population and a subsequent rise in the number of households, sales of toilet paper fell by 2, with the average household reducing their toilet roll spending from £43 in 2014 to £ 41 in 2015.Overall, almost three in five people say they try to limit their usage of paper-including facial tissue and kitchen roll-to save money. "Strength, softness and thickness remain the leading indicators of toilet paper quality, with just a small proportion of consumers preferring more luxurious alternatives, such as those with flower patterns or perfume," said Mintel analyst Jack Duckett. "These extra features are deemed unnecessary by the majority of shoppers, which probably reflects how these types of products are typically more expensive than regular toilet paper, even when on special offer."While consumers are spending less on toilet paper, they remain fussy-in theory at least-when it comes to paper quality. Top of Britons' toilet paper wish list is softness （57%）followed by strength （45% ）and thickness （36%）.One in 10 buyers rank toilet rolls made from recycled paper among their top considerations, highlighting how overall the environment is much less of a consideration for shoppers than product quality. In a challenge for manufacturers, 81 of paper product users said they would consider buying recycled toilet tissue if it were comparable in quality to standard paper.1. The market sales of toilet paper have decreased because?A ) Britons have cut their spending on it.B ) its prices have gone up over the years.C) its quality has seen marked improvement.D) Britons have developed the habit of saving2. what does the author think of the future of the tissue paper market in the UK?A ) It will expand in time.B ) It will remain gloomy.C ) It will experience ups and downs.D ) It will recover as population grows.3. What does Jack Duckett say about toilet paper?A ) Special offers would promote its sales.B ) Consumers are loyal to certain brands.C) Luxurious features add much to the price.D) Consumers have a variety to choose from.4. What do we learn about Britons concerning toilet paper?A) They are particular about the quality of toilet paper.B ) They emphasize the strength of toilet paper the most.C ) They prefer cheap toilet paper to recycled toilet paper.D) They reject using toilet paper with unnecessary features.5.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A) More and more Britons buy recycled toilet paper to protect the environment.B ) Toilet paper manufacturers are facing a great challenge in promoting its sales.C) Toilet paper manufacturers compete with one another to improve product quality.D) Environmental protection is not much of a concern when Britons buy toilet paper.试题3Passage One (10%)Question 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.Urbanization—migration away from the suburbs to the city center—will be thebiggest real estate trend in 2015, according to a new report.The report says America’s urbanization will continue to be the most significant issue affecting the industry, as cities across the country imitate the walkability and transit-oriented development making cities like New York and San Francisco so successful.As smaller cities copy the model of these “24-hour cities,” more affordable versions of these places will be created. The report refers to this as the coming of the “18-hour city,” and uses the term to refer to cities like Houston, Austin, Charlotte, and Nashville, which are “positioning themselves as highly competitive, in terms of livability, employment offerings, and recreational and cultural facilities.”Another trend that looks significant in 2015 is that America’s largest population group, Millennials（千禧一代）, will continue to put off buying a house. Apartments will retain their appeal for a while for Millennials, haunted by what happened to home-owning parents.This trend will continue into the 2020s, the report projects. After that, survey r espondents disagree over whether this generation will follow in their parents’ footsteps, moving to the suburbs to raise families, or will choose to remain in the city center.Another issue affecting real estate in the coming year will be America’s failing infrastructure. Most roads, bridges, transit, water systems, the electric grid, and communications networks were installed 50 to 100 years ago, and they are largely taken for granted until they fail.The report’s writers state that America’s failure to in vest in infrastructure impacts not only the health of the real-estate market, but also our ability to remain globally competitive.Apart from the specific trends highlighted above, which cause some investors to worry, the report portrays an overall optimism borne by the recent healthy real-estate “up-cycle” and improving economy. Seventy-four percent of the respondents surveyed report a “good to excellent” expectation of real-estate profitability in 2015. While excessive optimism can promote bad investment patterns, resulting in a real-estate “bubble,” the report’s writers downplay that potential outcome in that it has not yet occurred.1. According to the new report, real estate development in 2015 will witness ______.A) an accelerating speed B) a shift to city centersC) a new focus on small cities D) an ever-increasing demand2. What characterizes “24-hour cities” like New York?A) People can live without private cars.B) People are generally more competitive.C) People can enjoy services around the clock.D) People are in harmony with the environment.3. Why are Millennials reluctant to buy a house?A) They can only afford small apartments.B) The house prices are currently too high.C) Their parents’ bad experience still haunts them.D) They feel attached to the suburban environment.4. What might hinder real estate development in the U.S.?A) The continuing economic recession in the country.B) The lack of confidence on the part of investors.C) The fierce global competition.D) The worsening infrastructure.5. How do most of the respondents in the survey feel about the U.S. real-estate market in 2015?A) Pessimistic B) Hopeful C) Cautious D) Uncertain试题4Passage One (10%)Question 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.As a person who writes about food and drink for a living, I couldn’t tell you the first thing about Bill Perry or whether the beers he sells are that great. But I can tell you that I like this guy. That’s because he plans to ban tipping in favor of paying his servers an actual living wage.I hate tipping.I hate it because it’s an obligation disguised as an option．I hate it for the post-dinner math it requires of me. But mostly, I hate tipping because I believe l would be in a better place if pay decisions regarding employees were simply left up to their employers, as is the custom in virtually every other industry.Most of you probably think that you hate tipping, too. Research suggests otherwise. You actually love tipping! You like to feel that you have a voice in how much money your server makes. No matter how the math works out, you persistently view restaurants with voluntary tipping systems as being a better value, which makes it extremely difficult for restaurants and bars to do away with the tipping system.One argument that you tend to hear a lot from the pro-tipping crowd seems logical enough: the service is better when waiters depend on tips, presumably because they see a benefit to successfully veiling their contempt for you. Well, if this were true, we would all be slipping a few l00-dollar bills to our doctors on-the way out their doors, too. But as it turns out, waiters see only a tiny bump in tips when they do an exceptional job compared to a passable one. Waiters, keen observers of humanity that they are, are catching on to this; in one poll, a full 30% said they didn’t believe the job they did had any impact on the tips they received.So come on, folks: get on board with ditching the outdated tip system. Pay a little more upfront for your beer or burger. Support Bill Perry’s pub，and any other bar or restaurant that doesn’t ask you to do drunken math.1. What can we learn about Bill Perry from the passage?A. He runs a pub that serves excellent beer．B. He intends to get rid of the tipping practice．C. He gives his staff a considerable sum for tips．D. He lives comfortably without getting any tips．2. What is the main reason why the author hates tipping?A. It sets a bad example for other industries．B. It adds to the burden of ordinary customers．C. It forces the customer to compensate the waiter．D. It poses a great challenge for customers to do math．3. Why do many people love tipping according to the author?A. They help improve the quality of the restaurants they dine in．B. They believe waiters deserve such rewards for good service．C. They want to preserve a wonderful tradition of the industry．D. They can have some say in how much their servers earn．4. What have some waiters come to realize according to a survey?A. Service quality has little effect on tip size．B. It is in human nature to try to save on tips．C. Tips make it more difficult to please customers．D. Tips benefit the boss rather than the employees．5. What does the author argue for in the passage?A. Restaurants should calculate the tips for customers．B. Customers should pay more tips to help improve service．C. Waiters deserve better than just relying on tips for a living．D. Waiters should be paid by employers instead of customers．试题5Passage one(10%)Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.As Artificial Intelligence(AI) becomes increasingly sophisticated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it’s necessary to translate our morals into AI language.For example, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn’t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values,” said Russell.Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless.The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to so sufficient testing and they’ve produced a system that will break some kind of taboo(禁忌).One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps(嘟嘟声), and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren’t quite sure about a decision，we go and ask somebody else.The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity.1.What does the author say about the threat of robots?A)It may constitute a challenge to computer programmers.B)It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.C)It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.D)It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.2.What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author?A)They are aggressive.B)They are outgoing.C)They are ignorant.D)They are ill-bred.3.How do robots learn human values?A)By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.B)By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.C)By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.D)By imitating the behavior of property brought-up human beings.4.What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation?A)keep a distance from possible dangers.B)Stop to seek advice from a human being.C)Trigger its built-in alarm system at once.D)Do sufficient testing before taking action.5.What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code?A)Determine what is moral and ethical.B)Design some large-scale experiments.C)Set rules for man-machine interaction.D)Develop a more sophisticated program.试题6Passage One(10%)Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.Declining mental function is often seen as a problem of old age, but certain aspects of brain function actually begin their decline in young adulthood, a new study suggests.The study, which followed more than 2,000 healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 60, found that certain mental functions—including measures of abstract reasoning, mental speed and puzzle-solving—started to dull as early as age 27.Dips in memory, meanwhile, generally became apparent around age 37.On the other hand, indicators of a person’s accumulated knowledge—like performance on tests of vocabulary and general knowledge—kept improving with age, according to findings published in the journal Neurobiology of Aging.The results do not mean that young adults need to start worrying about their memories. Most people’s minds function at a high level even in their later years, according to researcher Timothy Salthouse.“These patterns suggest that some types of mental flexibility decrease relatively early in adulthood, but that the amount of knowledge one has, and the effectiveness of integrating it with one’s abilities, may increase throughout all of adulthood if there are no diseases,” Salthouse said in a news release.The study included healthy, educated adults who took standard tests of memory, reasoning and perception at the outset and at some point over the next seven years.The tests are designed to detect subtle (细微的) changes in mental function, and involve solving puzzles, recalling words and details from stories, and identifying patterns in collections of letters and symbols.In general, Salthouse and his colleagues found, certain aspects of cognition (认知能力) generally started to decline in the late 20s to 30s.The findings shed light on normal age-related changes in mental function, which could aid in understanding the process of dementia (痴呆), according to the researchers.“By following individuals over time,” Salthouse said, “we gain insight in cognition changes, and may possibly discover ways to slow the rate of decline.”The researchers are currently analyzing the study participants’ health and lifestyle to see which factors might influence age-related cognitive changes.1. What is the common view of mental function?A)It varies from person to person. B)It weakens in one’s later years.C)It gradually expands with age. D)It indicates one’s health condition.2. What does the new study find about mental functions?A)Some diseases inevitably lead to their decline.B)They reach a peak at the age of 20 for most people.C)They are closely related to physical and mental exercise.D)Some of them begin to decline when people are still young.3. What does Timothy Salthouse say about people’s minds in most cases?A)They tend to decli ne in people’s later years.B)Their flexibility determines one’s abilities.C)They function quite well even in old age.D)Their functioning is still a puzzle to be solved.4. Although people’s minds may function less flexibly as they age, they _____.A)may be better at solving puzzlesB)can memorize things with more easeC)may have greater facility in abstract reasoningD)can put what they have learnt into more effective use5. According to Salthouse, their study may help us_____.A)find ways to slow down our mental declineB)find ways to boost our memoriesC)understand the complex process of mental functioningD)understand the relation between physical and mental health试题7Passage OneQuestions 1 and 5 are based on the following passage.Nobody really knows how big Lagos is. What's indisputable is that it's growing very quickly. Between now and 2050, the urban population of Africa could triple. Yet cities in sub-Saharan Africa are not getting richer the way cities in the rest of the world have. Most urban Africans live in slums (贫民窟); migrants are often not much better off than they were in the countryside. Why?The immediate problem is poverty. Most of Africa is urbanising at a lower level of income than other regions of the world did. That means there's little money around for investment that would make cities liveable and more productive. Without upgrades and new capacity, bridges, roads and power systems are unable to cope with expanding populations. With the exception of South Africa, the only light rail metro system in sub-Saharan Africa is in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Traffic jam leads to expense and unpredictability, things that keep investors away.In other parts of the world, increasing agricultural productivity and industrialisation went together. More productive farmers meant there was a surplus that could feed cities; in turn, that created a pool of labour for factories. But African cities are different. They are too often built around consuming natural resources. Government is concentrated in capitals, so is the money. Most urban Africans work for a small minority of the rich, who tend to be involved in either cronyish (有裙带关系的) businesses or politics. Since African agriculture is still broadly unproductive, food is imported, consuming a portion of revenue.So what can be done? Though African countries are poor, not all African cities are. In Lagos, foreign oil workers can pay as much as $65,000 per year in rent for a modest apartment in a safe part of town. If that income were better taxed, it might provide the revenue for better infrastructure. If city leaders were more accountable to their residents, they might favour projects designed to help them more. Yet even as new roads are built, new people arrive. When a city's population grows by 5% a year,it is difficult to keep up.1. What do we learn from the passage about cities in sub-Saharan Africa?A) They have more slums than other cities in the world.B) They are growing fast without becoming richer.C) They are as modernised as many cities elsewhere.D) They attract migrants who want to be better off.2. What does the author imply about urbanisation in other parts of the world?A) It benefited from the contribution of immigrants.B) It started when people's income was relatively high.C) It benefited from the accelerated rise in productivity.D) It started with the improvement of peopled livelihood.3. Why is sub-Saharan Africa unappealing to investors?A) It lacks adequate transport facilities.B) The living expenses there are too high.C) It is on the whole too densely populated.D) The local governments are corrupted.4. In what way does the author say African cities are different?A) They have attracted huge numbers of farm labourers.B) They still rely heavily on agricultural productivity.C) They have developed at the expense of nature.D) They depend far more on foreign investment.5. What might be a solution to the problems facing African cities?A) Lowering of apartment rent.B) Better education for residents.C) More rational overall planning.D) A more responsible government.试题8Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.For the past several decades, it seems there's been a general consensus on how to get ahead in America: Get a college education, find a reliable job, and buy your own home. But do Americans still believe in that path, and if they do, is it attainable?The most recent National Journal poll asked respondents about the American dream, what it takes to achieve their goals, and whether or not they felt a significant amount of control over their ability to be successful. Overwhelmingly, the results show thattoday，the idea of the American dream—and what it takes to achieve it—looks quite different than it did in the late 20th century.By and large, people felt that their actions and hard work—not outside forces—were the deciding factor in how their lives turned out. But respondents had decidedly mixed feelings about what actions make for a better life in the current economy.In the last seven years, Americans have grown more pessimistic about the power of education to lead to success. Even though they see going to college as a fairly achievable goal, a majority—52 percent—think that young people do not need a four-year college education in order to be successful.Miguel Maeda, 42, who has a master's degree and works in public health, was the first in his family to go to college, which has allowed him to achieve a sense of financial stability his parents and grandparents never did.While some, like Maeda, emphasized the value of the degree rather than the education itself, others still see college as a way to gain new perspectives and life experiences. Sixty-year-old Will Fendley, who had a successful career in the military and never earned a college degree, thinks "personal drive" is far more important than just going to college. To Fendley, a sense of drive and purpose, as well as an effective high-school education, and basic life skills, like balancing a checkbook, are the necessary ingredients for a successful life in America.1. It used to be commonly acknowledged that to succeed in America, one had to have .A) an advanced academic degreeB) an ambition to get aheadC) a firm belief in their dreamD) a sense of drive and purpose2. What is the finding of the latest National Journal poll concerning the American dream?A) More and more Americans are finding it hard to realize.B) It remains alive among the majority of American people.C) Americans' idea of it has changed over the past few decades.D) An increasing number of young Americans are abandoning it.3. What do Americans now think of the role of college education in achieving success?A) It still remains open to debate.B) It has proved to be beyond doubt.C) It is no longer as important as it used to be.D) It is much better understood now than ever.4. How do some people view college education these days?A) It promotes gender equality.B) It needs to be strengthened.C) It adds to cultural diversity.D) It helps broaden their minds.5. What is one factor essential to success in America, according to Will Fendley?A) A desire to learn and to adapt.B) A strong sense of responsibility.C) A willingness to commit oneself.D) A clear aim and high motivation.18级音体美阅读理解Section C Passage One 答案试题1Passage One (10%)1-5: A C A B D试题2Passage One(10%)1-5: A B C A D试题3 (10%)Passage One: 1~5 : BACDB试题4.Passage One(10%): 1~5 : BCDAD试题5Passage one (10%)1. C2. D.3. C.4. D5. A试题6Passage One (10%)1. B2. D3. C4. D5. A试题7Passage One (10%)1. B2. B3. A4. C5. D试题8Passage One (10%)1. A2. C3. C4. D5. D。
2023年3月英语四级听力真题及答案短文1 Passage One(网友版)
短文1 Passage1 Passage OneLove them or hate them, smartphones have become an integral part of our daily lives. But should they be left outoide the classroom?Nick Gibb,Minister for Scloini Standards in England believes schools should ban their pupils from bringing in smartphones.Astrid Natalie, a secondary school math teacher [16]incorporates phones into her classroom.“My school doesnithaye money for tablets.” She says. When students use their phones for research, they learned they have a powerful tool in their hands. If we stop chicej. UsIng phones, we're rejecting something they care about. Meanwhile, Helen Lockhart, a registered nurse working for community education, supports a complete ban. I'm banned from mobile use at work and my phone must be handed in. If I'm caught with it in my pocket. I will be ubiect-to disciplinary procedure,which will impact on my career.[Q17] We need to teach children how to behave like the professionals they're striving to become. Richard Stone, an English teacher thinks there should be a clear separation between school and home. "Students should do things differently in the two en irpments. Children are getting more than enough screen time in their lives [18]without the need to bring their phone into the classroom. The internet is too easy and too unreliable a research tool so let's leave phones and laptops at home and show them a different world in their lessons. one of books and pens”, he says. Question 16 What do we learn about Astrid Natalie,a secondary school math teacher?Question 17 Why does Helen Lockhart, a registered nurse support a complete ban on smartphone use in the classroom?Question 18 What should students do in the classroom? According to Richard Stone, an English teacher.。
(阅读理解12分) Passage oneMovies ar
(阅读理解12分) Passage oneMovies ar Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The dangerous thing about lying is people don't understand how the act changes us,says Dan Ariely,behavioral psychologist at Duke University.Psychologists have documented children lying as early as the age of two.Some experts even consider lying a developmental milestone,like crawling andwalking,because it requires sophisticated planning,attention and the ability to see a situation from someone else's perspective to manipulate them.But,for most people,lying gets limited as we develop a sense of morality and the ability to self-regulate.Harvard cognitive neuroscientist Joshua Greene says.for most of us,lying takes work.In studies,he gave subjects a chance to deceive for monetary gain while examining their brains in a functional MRI machine，which maps blood flow to active parts of the brain.Some people told the truth instantly and instinctively.But others opted to lie,and they showed increased activity in their frontal parietal(颅腔壁的)control network,which is involved in difficult or complexthinking.This suggests that they were deciding between truthand dishonesty and ultimately opting for the latter.For a follow-up analysis,he found that people whose neural(神经的)reward centres were more active when they won money were also more likely to be among the group of liars-suggesting that lying may have to do with the inability to resist temptation.Extremal conditions also matter in terms of when and how often we lie.We are more likely to lie,research shows,when we are able to rationalise it,when we are stressed and fatigued or sec others being dishonest.And we are less likely to lie when we have moral reminders or when we think others are watching."We as a society need to understand that,when we don't punish lying,we increase the probability it will happen again,"Ariely says.In a 2016 study published in the journal Nature Neuroscience,Ariely and colleagues showed how dishonesty alters people's brains,making it easier to tell lies in the future.When people uttered a falsehood,the scientists noticed a burst of activity in their amygdala.The amygdala is a crucial part of the brain that produces fear,anxiety and emotional responses including that sinking,guilty feeling you get when you lie.But when scientists had their subjects play a game-in which they won money by deceiving their partner,they noticedthe negative signals from the amygdala began to decrease.Not only that,but when people faced no consequences for dishonesty,their falsehoods tended to get even more sensational.This means that if you give people multiple opportunities to lie for their own benefit,they start with little lies which get bigger over time.46.Why do some experts consider lying a milestone in a child's development?A)It shows they have the ability to view complex situations from different angles.B)It indicates they have an ability more remarkable than crawling and walking.C)It represents their ability to actively interact with people around them.D)It involves the coordination of both their mental and physical abilities.47.Why does the Harvard neuroscientist say that lying takes work?A)It is hard to choose from several options.B)It is difficult to sound natural or plausible.C)It requires speedy blood flow into one's brain.D)It involves lots of sophisticated mental activity.48.Under what circumstances do people tend to lie?A)When they become too emotional.B)When they face too much peer pressure.C)When the temptation is too strong.D)When the consequences are not imminent.49.When are people less likely to lie?A)When they are worm out and stressed.B)When they are under watchful eyes.C)When they think in a rational way.D)When they have a clear conscience.50.What does the author say will happen when a liar does not get punished?A)They may feel justified.B)They will tell bigger lies.C)They will become complacent.D)They may mix lies and truths.答案：Passage one46.A47.D48.B49.B50.B。
阅读passage新
2006年阅读Passage One （5分）Conflict had existed between Spain and England since the 1570s. England wanted a share of the wealth that Spain had been taking from the lands it had claimed in the Americas.Elizabeth I, Queen of England, encouraged her staunch admiral of the navy, Sir Francis Drake, to raid Spanish shis and towns. Though these raids were on a small scale, Drake achieved dramatic success, adding gold and silver to England’s treasury and dimingishing Spain’s omnipotence.Religious differences also caused conflict between the two countries. Whereas Spain was Roman Catholic, most of England had become Protestant King Philip Ⅱ of Spain wanted to claim the throne and make England a Catholic country again. To satisfy his ambition and also to retaliate against Eng land’s theft of his gold and silver, King Philip began to build his fleet of waships, the Armada, in January 1586.Philip intended his fleet to be addition to building new warships, he marshaled one hundred and thirty sailing vessels of all types and recruited more than ninteen thousand robust soldiers and eight thousand some of his ships lacked guns and others lacked ammunition, Philip was convinced that his Armada could withstand any battle with England.The martial Armada set sail from Lisbon, Portugal, on May 91588,but bad weather orced it back to port. The voyage resumed on July 22 after the weather became more stable.The Spanish fleet met the smaller, faster, and more maneuverable English ships in battle off the coast of Plymouth. England, first on July 31 and again on august 2. The two battles left Spain vulnerable, having lost several ships and with its ammunition depleted. On August 7,while the Armada lay at anchor on the French side of the Stait fo Dover, England sent eight burning ships into the midst of the Spanish fleet to set it on fire. Blocked on one side,the Spanish ships could only drift away, their crews in panic and disorder. Before the Armada could regroup, the English attacked again on August 8.Although the Spaniards made a valiant effort to fight back, the fleet suffered extensive damage. During the eight hours of battle, the Armada drifted perilously close to the rocky coastling. At the moment when it seemed that the Spanish ships would be driven onto the English shore,the wind shifted,and the Armada drifted out into the North Sea. The Spaniards recognized the superiority of the English fleet and returned home,defeated.21. Sir Francis Drake added wealth to the treasury and diminished Spain’s_________.a. unlimited powerb. unrestricted growthc. Territoryd.dreaties22. Philip recruited many_________soldiers and sailors.a. warlikeb. strongc. accomplishedd. timid23. The________Armada set sail on May9, 1588.a. completeb. warlikec. independentd. isolated24. The two battles left the Spanish fleet________.a. open to changeb. triumphantc. open to attackd. defeated25. The Armada was_____________on one side.a. colsed offb. damagedc. aloned. circled。
阅读理解答案句翻译
阅读理解答案句翻译阅读理解答案句翻译:Passage one:56. Hospitals, hoping to curb medical error, have invested heavily to put computers, smartphones and other devices into the hands of medical staff for instant access to patient data, drug information and case studies.为了减少医疗失误，不少医院花费巨资购置电脑、智能手机和其他设备以供医务人员随时获取患者数据、药物信息以及病例研究。
57. But like many cures, this solution has come with an unintended side effect: doctors and nurses can be focused on the screen and not the patient, even during moments of critical care.A poll showed that half of medical technicians had emitted texting during a procedure.然而，与很多解决问题的对策相似，这一措施也带来了意料之外的副作用：医生和护士专注于屏幕而不是病人，甚至在出诊的时候也是如此。
一项调查表明，有一半的医疗技术人员承认曾在手术过程中发短信。
59. The pressure stems from a mantra of modern medicine that patient care must be “data driven”, and informed by the latest, instantly accessible information.这种压力来自一个现代医学理念——患者的看护必须“有数据支持”，并且要接收即时的最新信息。
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prudent:慎重的； 有先见之明的
comparative: 相比较的
Solar. （太阳能 ） 太阳能 concentrate: 集中；聚 boiler: 锅 焦 It is possible to collect solar energy directly 炉 and concentrate it on steam boilers. 可以直接收集太阳能并将其集中到锅炉里生产 热能。
broad:宽的, 阔的; 广的；广泛地
Thermal Sources（热能源） substantial：大量的, 可观的 （热能源）
Coal. （煤 ） 煤 Substantial reserves and the development of reserve:贮藏; 储备 the necessary technology mean that coal is and will continue to be a major energy source. 丰富的煤储备和必要的技术发展预示着煤炭将 成为能源的主要来源。 成为能源的主要来源。 由于煤的储量丰富和所需的采煤技术高度发展， 不但现在，而且在将来，煤依然是主要的能源。
accentuate: v 强 调
A prudent growth in the comparative importance of legitimate:合 this source is expected, along with a legitimate法的 proper concern for the and environment. 随着人们对环境保护日益关心及法律的约束化， 出台一个明智的对核能源利用的方法非常值得 期待。 可以预计，如果依照法律并对环境影响加以适 当的注意，人们对此能源会越来越重视。
Uranium（铀） resources in the U.S. are slightly less than oil and gas reserves. 在美国，铀的储量仅比石油和天然气的储量稍 少一点。
Serious problems relating to environmental concern: n 关注 regulatory: impact have accentuated[æk’sentʃu:,eit 监管的 adj, ] social concern and some legal and regulatory constraints have been placed upon the constraint: 约 development of this resource. 束；限制 它引起的有关环境影响的严重问题引起了社会 的高度关注，而且一些法律规章制度已经用在 这种资源的开发上。 应用此能源对环境所产生的严重影响已经引起 了社会的关注，并在法律上制定了一些规章来 限制此能源的发展。
Passage one : The Production of Electrical Energy
New Words :
thermal nonthermal utilization combustion scarcity fission uranium impact accentuate a. 热的，热量的；由热造成的 a. 非热的 n. 利用 n. 燃烧 n. 缺乏；萧条 n. 分裂；裂变 n. 铀 n. 影响；效果；冲击 vt. 强调；增强
The Production of Electrical Energy Concern: 关 联；涉及 (电能生产 电能生产) 电能生产
Although our concern in this book is with the electrical aspects of power systems, it is important to know what basic energy sources On a large scale: can be 大规模的；大量 used to produce electrical energy on a large scale.的 尽管本书所要讨论的是关于电力系统电能生产 的各个方面，但了解一下都有哪些基本能源可 以用作大规模发电，也是十分重要的。
The major problems are the diffuse nature, unreliability：不 diffuse:扩 可靠 which requires large areas for collection, and 散 the unreliability of atmospheric conditions. atmospheric:大气的 存在的问题是：由于它具有扩散性，因而需占 用大量的土地来收集太阳能，同时，气候条件 也影响了它的可靠性。
Such reactions produce pure energy. The most attractive feature here is that common elements（元素） such as hydrogen（氢） isotopes（同位素） can be used as fuel, making this source essentially（本质上的） inexhaustible（无穷无尽的）. 这种反应生成的最终产物是一种纯能源。令人 感兴趣的是，像氢同位素这样普通的元素可以 作为燃料，成为一种永不枯竭的能源。
我们的车坏了, 不得不把它拖到修车厂去。 2.拆散; 分类 T down into three parts. 这本新出版的小册子分成三部分。 3.衰弱下来 His health has broken down completely. 他的身体已完全垮了。
indicate:指出； 表明
Nuclear Fission from Uranium. (铀的核裂 铀的核裂 fission: （原子的） reactor： 变) 分裂 核反应堆 Since the 1950s fission reactors have been used commercially for the production of electrical power. 自从20世纪50年代开始，核反应堆就已被用于 商业方面来生产电能。 从20世纪50年代以来，已经建起一些商业性的 核裂变反应堆来发电。
Nuclear Fusion（核聚变）. （核聚变） Certain types of nuclear reaction（反应） are possible, where certain light nuclear particles （微粒） can be combined（结合）, or fused （熔合）, into heavier particles. 在某种核反应中，轻核粒子可与重核粒子相结 合，即溶于其中。
At present there are no commercial installations(设施). This source is particularly attractive as no “fuel” is required and because of its non-polluting characteristics. 目前，还没有这样的商业设施。由于利用太阳 能不需要“燃料”、没有污染，它尤其引人注 意。
Oil and Natural Gas. （石油和天然气 ） a trend toward 有……的趋势 utilization： In the 1950s and 1960s there was a trend 利用 toward greater utilization of these fuels because of combustion their superior combustion properties. ([[kəm’bʌstʃən] ]) property: 燃烧性能 在20世纪50年代和60年代有一个走向更大可 利用燃料的趋势，因为他们有优越的燃烧物质。 在20世纪50年代和60年代，有一种大量利用 这两种燃料作为电能源的趋势，因为这两种物 质有着较好的燃烧性能。
geothermal a. 地热的；地温的 subsurface a. 表面下的 biomass n. 生物量 expressly ad. 明显的，明确地；特意地 negligible a. 可以忽略的，微不足道的 garbage n. 垃圾；废料 sewage n. 污水；污物 combustible a. 易燃的；可燃的 noncombustible a. 不易燃烧的 sewer n. 阴沟，排水管 supplementary a. 补充的，增加的
hydro.=hydroelectric a. 水力发电 constrained a. 被强迫的；被约束的 tidal a. 潮汐的 inherently a. 内在的；固有的；生 来的 intermittent a. 间歇的；周期性的 tolerant a. 忍受的，容忍的 kinetic a. 动力学的；运动的；活跃 的；有 力的
Electrical energy sources can be broken down into two broad categories, thermal and alternative: 可供选择 non-thermal. A brief1.损坏, 发生故障 of varying discussion 的 Our car broke down and we had to draw it alternatives follows to a garage. below. 从广义上讲，我们可以把电能源分为两类：热 能源和非热能源。下面简单介绍几种主要的能 源。
The country bought a substantial number of weapons. 这个国家购买了大量武器。
represent:代表, 象征, 表示
Presently coal represents about 45% of total electrical energy sources. 目前，煤炭约占总电力能源的45%。 目前，煤的总发电量占总的45%。 目前，用煤发电占电能源总量的45%。 45%