华中科技大学生殖医学2019年考博真题试卷

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华中科技大学2019年博士学位研究生招生简章--计划生育研究所

计划生育研究所一、院系简介华中科技大学同济医学院计划生育研究所的前身是1964年成立的武汉医学院第一研究室。

1979年3月17日，由卫生部批准成立武汉医学院计划生育研究所。

研究所是原卫生部批准的我国第一家生殖医学中心，是妇产科学国家重点学科成员单位；设有教育部生殖健康教学平台，卫生部批准的湖北省人类精子库，国家食品药品监督管理局批准的“生殖健康与不孕症”药物临床研究机构；有湖北省人口和计划生育委员会与华中科技大学共建的湖北省人口和计划生育科研所；是药理学湖北省重点学科成员单位；有湖北省科技厅批准的湖北省男性不育临床研究中心，湖北省发改委批准的湖北省避孕节育工程实验室，武汉市科技局批准的武汉市避孕节育工程技术研究中心。

2014年还获批“国家妇产疾病临床医学研究中心”成员单位。

2015年获国家发改委批准“避孕节育新技术国家地方联合工程实验室”。

研究所是我国第一批计划生育医学博士、硕士学位授予点；现还有妇产科学博士后流动站。

经过三十多年的发展，形成的主要研究方向包括：生殖调控研究（生育调节药物和药具的研究与开发），生殖生物学研究（精子发生、发育与成熟机制研究；卵子成熟与衰老的机制研究），生殖疾病研究（男女性不孕不育的病因、发生机制及无创性诊断研究），生殖免疫学研究（子痫前期、复发性流产、反复着床失败的免疫学病因和机制研究），生殖健康研究（老龄化人群生殖健康研究，环境污染与出生缺陷研究），干细胞研究（体外诱导成体干细胞为生殖细胞的研究）。

研究所现设有3个研究室（生殖生物与遗传研究室、生殖药理与生殖内分泌研究室和生殖免疫与流行病研究室）和1所具备正式运行全部人类辅助生殖技术资质（夫精、供精人工授精、常规IVF、ICSI）的生殖医学中心。

2005年建立的生殖医学中心集教学、科研、临床于一体，以研究所的专业技术人员为医院各科室的技术骨干和中坚力量，是研究所硕士、博士研究生的临床培养基地，为“生殖健康与不孕症”国家药物临床研究项目提供医疗保障和研究平台，为计划生育、生殖医学科研提供实践窗口，为湖北省计划生育基层技术骨干培训提供临床见习基地。

华中科技大学生理学2002 + 答案年考博真题试卷

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呼吸机本体感受器反射的影响：由于气道加长→气道阻力增加→呼吸机肌梭的兴奋性增加→脊髓运动神经元兴奋性增加→呼吸机运动增强。由于呼吸阻力增加，呼吸频率可能变慢。 3.试述神经-肌肉（横纹肌）接头处兴奋的传递过程，并说明哪些因素影响传递的过程？（25 分） [答案] 神经-肌接头的传递过程：动作电位以局部电流的形式传导到神经末梢→Ca2+通道开放，进入轴突末梢，中和膜内表面和囊泡表面的负电荷，降低末梢内轴浆黏度，激活某些收缩蛋白，促使囊泡向接头前膜移动、融合、破裂并量子式释放递质 Ach→Ach 经接头间隙扩散到终板膜→与终板膜上上 N2 受体结合→该受体本身属化学门控离子通道，开放后使得终板膜 Na+内流大于 K+外流→终板电位去极化而爆发动作电位→终板电位刺激邻近的肌膜去极化达阈电位→肌膜上电压门控钠通道开放，Na+内流而产生肌膜动作电位，从而完成了兴奋在神经-肌肉接头处的传递过程。 Ach 的消除：Ach 发挥作用后迅速被附近的胆碱脂酶水解而失活。影响兴奋传递的因素主要有：1.影响 Ach 的释放：细胞外镁离子浓度或细胞外钙离子浓度降低均能影响 Ach 的释放，其作用机制为：Mg++与 Ca++竞争，使得钙离子内流减少，递质释放减少；钙离子内流减少，递质释放量减少。影响递质与受体的结合:例如肉毒中毒，其会抑制递质的释放；肌无力综合征，其自身免疫力抗体会破坏神经末梢的钙离子通道；重症肌无力，其自身免疫性抗体破坏了终板膜上的 N2 受体与通道。影响 Ach 的降解：例如筒箭毒会阻断终板膜上的 N2 受体与 Ach 结合；而新斯的明和有机磷中毒均抑制胆碱酯酶活性。 4、一正常人一次大量出汗（约 1000Ml）而没有饮水，问其尿量、渗透压有何变化？并分析其变化机制（20 分） [答案] 汗为低渗溶液，大量出汗而饮水过少时，尿液排出量减少，其渗透压升高。大量出汗：（1）组织液晶体渗透压升高，水的渗透作用使血浆晶体渗透压也升高，下丘脑渗透压感受器兴奋。（2）血容量减少，心房及胸内大静脉血管的容积感受器对视上核和旁室核的抑制作用减弱。上述两种途径均使视

华科考博分子生物学历年真题汇总

华中科技大学同济医学院考博分子生物学（专业基础）简答题历年试题汇总1.顺式作用元件有哪些，并加以解释。

2015，2012考2.人类基因组计划的4张图，各自的意义是什么？3.癌基因激活的主要途径？问答：1.什么是基因治疗，基因治疗的主要策略是什么？基因治疗的技术及主要内容，2015，2014，2013考问答2.蛋白质组学的主要技术有哪些并解释？2015，2012考2014简问答题1.PCR原理，步骤，写出6种PCR衍生技术 2013，2014，2009考2.何谓基因克隆？简述其基本过程。

09年3.重组DNA技术，问答题20分，14年考4.举例说明基因表达的调控机制。

题目太大，原核调控，真核调控？13年问答5.人类基因定位的常用方法及原理。

12年，09年考简问6.简述反式作用因子的结构特点及作用方式 09年简问7.简述逆转录病毒的结构特点 09年考问答：真核细胞中基因表达的特异性转录调控因子是指什么？根据他们的结构特征可以分为哪些类型？它们和DNA相互识别的原理是什么？2013年考问答：试述大肠杆菌中表达蛋白质产物的步骤。

2013年考试比较克隆载体、原核载体和真核载体的特点 2012年考2016年真题英译中名词解释（20分）反义RNA；操纵子；限制性核酸内切酶；选择性剪切；抑癌基因；基因诊断；RNA 干扰；质粒；gene maping；管家基因简答题。

真核基因组的结构和功能特点20分人类基因组的结构特征15分原癌基因的特点15分蛋白质组研究常用技术有那些，简介其作用。

15分当前基因治疗技术面临的技术问题有哪些？15分以下为2001-2004年试题及网上答案基因工程是在分子水平上对基因进行操作的复杂技术，是将外源基因通过体外重组后导入受体细胞内，使这个基因能在受体细胞内复制、转录、翻译表达的操作，又叫分子克隆，DNA 重组技术。

1. 在GENBANK中检索IL-2的mRNA序列；在genecard里检索IL-2高表达的组织；同时检索一下有关文献；2. 如果考虑使用原核表达系统（通常是大肠杆菌表达系统），将IL-2的成熟肽的基因序列找出（呵呵，我没有检索，不清楚是否有信号肽）进行分析；3. 根据表达载体，设计含有合适酶切位点的、对应成熟肽编码区的引物；4. 提取IL-2高表达的组织的mRNA，RT-PCR，T载体克隆或直接酶切克隆至表达载体中、测序。

华中科技大学历年的考博真题整理 1

同济医科大学2006年麻醉学（博士)一、名词解释1.2相阻滞2.V AS评分3.间歇指令通气（IMV）4.前负荷5.霍夫曼消除6.PCA7.CO2排除综合征8.MODS二、问答题1.全麻术后苏醒延迟的原因。

2.简述低流量吸入麻醉的优点和存在的问题。

3.简述肌松药的类型及肌松药作用的监测。

4.简述目前疼痛治疗的方法。

5.肺动脉高压的原因及处理6.急性肺损伤和ARDS的病因及其诊断标准。

2.同济医科大学组织胚胎学（博士）[Re: 0分会员] Copy to clipboardPosted by: 0分会员Posted on: 2008-01-22 17:38同济医科大学2004年组织胚胎学（博士）一、名解：1.神经干细胞2.凋亡3.胚泡4.抗原提呈细胞5.小强荧光细胞二、问答：1. 丘脑的结构、功能和功能的调控2. 大脑皮质的神经元种类、皮质分层和神经纤维联络3. 球旁复合体的结构和功能4. 胃肠内分泌细胞的种类、特点和功能5. 已知一种HAP1蛋白在下丘脑高水平表达，但不知道其功能。

请你进行课题设计以揭示HAP1的功能。

简述实课题研究目的、研究内容、实验方案。

并简要说明所用实验技术的基本原理。

注：名解是用英文出的。

3.同济医科大学神经解剖学（博士）[Re: 0分会员] Copy to clipboardPosted by: 0分会员Posted on: 2008-01-22 17:39同济医科大学2006年神经解剖学（博士）一、名词解释：1、皮质2、神经节3、纤维束4、internal capsule5、corpus striatum6、medial lemniscus7、？8、broca区9、锥体系10记不起来了，也很简单二、问答题：1.小脑的分叶及纤维联系2.尺神经损伤的表现及原因3.交感神经节前纤维及节后纤维的走向4.脑干一般内脏运动核的功能及纤维联系5.？6.？4.同济医科大学肿瘤学（博士）[Re: 0分会员] Copy to clipboardPosted by: 0分会员Posted on: 2008-01-22 17:40同济医科大学2006年肿瘤学（博士）一、名解（4*5）20分1 IGRT2 GCP3 VEGF4 TBI5 NCCN二、问答题80分1.简述肿瘤基因治疗的策略？152.简述霍杰金淋巴瘤的临床分期及治疗原则？153.WHO疼痛治疗原则？154.论述化疗药物机制和细胞周期的关系？155.鼻咽癌TNM分期，临床分期，治疗原则和技术？205.同济医科大学考博历年真题感染专业2005年试题[Re: 0分会员] Copy to clipboard Posted by: 0分会员Posted on: 2008-01-22 17:40同济医科大学考博历年真题感染专业2005年试题一、名词解释（每题5分）1.incudation period2.septicemia3.rabies4.nosocomial infection5.cholera二、问答题（每题20分）1.肝性脑病的发病机制及治疗原则2.HIV的治疗原则和临床表现3.丙型肝炎的基因分型及抗病毒治疗方案三、选答题（二选一）（15分）1.试述肝相关干细胞研究的现状及展望2.简述细菌对抗菌药产生耐药的发病机制6.同济医科大学细胞生物学（博士）[Re: 0分会员] Copy to clipboardPosted by: 0分会员Posted on: 2008-01-22 17:41同济医科大学2003年细胞生物学（博士）一、名词解释（共10小题，每题4分，共40分）1.nuclear skeleton2.kinetochore3.Signal Sequence4.stem cell5.molecular chaperon6.cyclin7.核孔复合体核篮模型8.膜泡运输9.微丝结合蛋白10.蛋白酶体二、综合题（共60分）1.试述溶酶体的形态结构、化学组成、形成的主要途径及功能。

医学考博2019真题

Listening ：无Vocabulary ：Section A31. According to the Geneva ______no prisoners of war shall be subject to abuse.A. CustomsB. CongressesC. ConventionsD. Routines 32. Environmental officials insist that something be done to ______acid rain.A. curbB. sueC. detoxifyD. condemn33. It is impossible to say how it will take place, because it will happen______, and itwill not be a long process.A. spontaneouslyB. simultaneouslyC. principallyD. approximately34. Diabetes is one of the most______ and potentially dangerous disease in the world.A. crucialB. virulentC. colossalD. prevalent35. Rheumatologist advises that those with ongoing aches and pains first seek medicalhelp to ______the problem.A. affiliateB. alleviateC. aggravateD. accelerate36. How is it possible that such______ deception has come to take place right underour noses?A. obviousB. significantC. necessaryD. widespread37. Now a paper in Science argues that organic chemicals in the rock come mostly from______on earth rather than bacteria on Mars.A. configurationB. constitutionC. condemnationD. contamination38. Chronic high-dose intake of vitamin A has been shown to have ______effects onbones.A. adverseB. prevalentC. instantD. purposeful39. Generally, vaccine makers _____ the virus in fertilized chicken eggs in a processthat can take four to six months.A. penetrateB. designateC. generateD. exaggerate40. We are much quicker to respond, and we respond far too quickly by giving ______to our anger.A. ventB. impulseC. temperD. offenceSection B41. The patient's condition has worsened since last night.A. improvedB. returnedC. deterioratedD. changed42. Beijing Television-Station Transmitting Tower really looks magnificent at nightwhen it ’s lit up.A. decoratedB. illustratedC. illuminatedD. entertained43. Attempts to restrict parking in the city centre have further aggravated the problemof traffic congestion.A. amelioratedB. aggregatedC. deterioratedD. duplicated44. The applications of genetic engineering are abundant and choosing oneappropriate for this case can be rather difficult.A. sufficientB. plentifulC. adequateD. countable45. The defect occurs in the first eight weeks of pregnancy, though no one understandswhy.A. deficitB. deviationC. draw backD. discrepancy46. He has been on hormone alternate therapy for four years and looks fantastic.A. successorB. replacementC. surrogateD. choice47. It had over 2,000 apartment complexes, a great market, a large number ofindustrial workshops, an administrative center, a number of massive religious edifices,and a regular grid pattern of streets and buildings.A. ancientB. carefullyC. very largeD. carefully protected48. When patients spend extended periods in hospital, they tend to become overlydependent and lose interest in taking care of themselves.A. extremelyB. exclusivelyC. exactlyD. explicitly49. The anxious parent was vigilant over the injured child in spite of a full array ofemergency room of doctors and nurses.A. preoccupiedB. unwaryC. watchfulD. dozing50. The doctor vacillated so frequently on disease-preventiontechniques that hiscolleagues accused him of inconsistency.A. waveredB. instigatedC. experimentedD. reliedClozeWe spend a lot of time looking at the eyes of others for social 51 —it helpsus understand a person ’emotions, and make decisions about how to respond to them. We also know that adults avoid eye contact when anxious. But researchers have knownfar 52 about eye gazing patterns in children.According to new research by Kalina Michalska, assistant professor of psychologyat the University of California, Riverside, we now, know that anxious children tend toavoid making eye contact, and this has consequences for how they experience fear. The53 and less frequently they look at the eyes of others, the more likely they are to beafraid of them, even when there may be no reason to be. Her study, “Anxiety Sympand Children's Eye Gaze During Fear Leaming”w,as published in the journal TheJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry."Looking at someone ’s eyes helps us understand whether a person is feeling sad, angry, fearful, or surprised. As adults, we then make decisions about how to respondand what to do next. But, we know much less about eye patterns in children —so,understanding those patterns can help us learn more about the development of sociallearning, ”Michalska said.Michalska and the team of researchersshowed 82 children, 9 to 13 years old,images of two women ’s faces on a computer screen. The computer was equipped withan eye tracking device that allowed them to measure54 on the screen children werelooking, and for how long. The participants were originally shown each of the twowomen a total of four times. Next, one of the images was55 with a loud scream anda fearful expression, and the other one was not. At the end, children saw both facesagain without any sound or scream.The following three conclusions can be drawn from the study:1. All children spent more time looking at the eyes of a face that was paired withthe loud scream t han the face that was not paired with the scream, 56 they payattention to potential threats even in the absence of outward cues.2. Children who were more anxious avoided eye contact during all three phases of the experiment, for both kinds of faces. This had consequences for how afraid they wereof the faces.3. The more children avoided eye conta；cthe more afraid they were 57 the faces.The conclusions suggest that children spend more time looking at the eyes of aface when previously paired with something frightening suggesting they pay moreattention to potentially threatening information as a way to learn more about thesituation and plan what to do next.However, anxious children tend to avoid making eye contact, which leads togreater 58 experience. Even though avoiding eye contact may reduce anxiety59 , the study finds that — over time — children may be m i s s6i n0g_ o i m u p t ortantsocial information. This includes that a person may no longer be threatening or scary,and yet the child continues feeling fearful of that person.51. A. environment B. cues C. relations D. answers52. A. less B. more C. enough D. beyond53. A. longer B. more anxious C. shorter D. more54. A. where B. when C. how D. what55. A. followed B. recorded C. paired D. marked56. A. suggest B. suggesting C. suggests D. being suggested57. A. to B. of C.at D. about58. A. fear B. surprise C. sad D. angry59. A. in the long run B. for a long timeC. in the short timeD. in a long time60. A. with B. without C. of D. onReading ComprehensionPassage OneThe British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parentsduring the sensitive “attachment p”e riod from birth to three may scar a child ’s personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life.Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby' s work that children shouldnot be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separationit entails, and many people do believe this. It has been argued that an infant under threewho is cared for outside the home may suffer because of the separation from his parents. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.But traditional societies are so different from modem societies that comparisonsbased on just one factor are hard to interpret. Firstly, anthropologists point out that theinsulated love affair between children and parents found in modem societies does notusually exist in traditional societies. For example, in some tribal societies, such as theNgoni, the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone —far from i Certainty, Bowlby ’s analysis raises the possibilities that early day care had delayedeffects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime15 or 20 years later can only explored by the use of statistics. However, statisticalstudies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the resultswould certainly be complicated and controversial. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents, care-takers found children hadproblems with it. Thirdly, in the last decade, t here have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have uniformly reported that care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on children ’s development.Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effectsdifficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parentsand show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children findthe transition to nursery eas，yand this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter, then, is far from clear-cut, though experienceand available evidence indicate early care is reasonable for infants.61. According to the passage, the consequence of parental separation________.A. still needs more statistical studiesB. has been found negative is more seriousC. is obviousD. in modem times62. The author thinks that John Bowlby ’s concern___________.A. is relevant and justifiableB. is too strong to RelieveC. is utterly groundlessD. has something that deserve our attention63. What ’s the result of American studies of children in day care in the last decade?A. The children ’s unhappiness and protest was due to the day care the children received.B. The bad effects of parental separation were hard to deal with.C. The effect of day care was not necessarily negative on children ’s development.D. Early care was reasonable for babies since it ’p sracti c ed by so many peoplenowadays.64. According to the passage, which of the following is probably a reason forparents to send their children under three to day care?A. They don ’t know about day care ’s negative effect.B. They are too busy to care fortheir children.C. They want their children to be independent as early as possible.D. They want to facilitate their children to adapt to nursery at the age of about three.65. What ’s the author ’s attitude to people who have drawn the conclusion fromBowlby’s work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age ofthree?A. He supports most of their belief because Bowlby's proposition is well-grounded.B. He is sympathetic for them, for he thinks they have been misled by Bowlby.C. He doesn't totally agree with them, since the long-term effect of day care still needsfurther study.D. He doesn't quite understand them, as they are contradictory in themselves.Passage TwoBy the end of this century, the average world temperature is expected to increasebetween one and four degrees, with widespread effects on rainfall, sea levels and animalhabitats. But in the Arctic, where the effects of climate change are most intense, the risein temperature could be twice as much.Understanding how Arctic warming will affect the people, animals, plant andmarine life and economic activity in Canada’N sort h are important to the country's future, says Kent Moore, an atmospheric physicist at University of Toronto Mississaugawho is participating in a long-term, international study of the marine ecosystem alongthe Beaufort Sea, from Alaska to the Mackenzie delta.The study will add to our knowledge of everything from the extent of sea ice inthe region to how fish stocks will change to which areas could become targets for oiland gas exploration to the impact on the indigenous people who call this part of thecountry home.Moore, who has worked in the Arctic for more than 20 years, says his research hasalready found that thinning sea ice and changes in wind patterns are causing animportant change in the marine food chain: phytoplankton（淳游植物） is blooming two to three weeks earlier. Manyanimals time their annual migration to the Arctic forwhen food is plentiful, and have not adapted to the earlier bloom. " ' Animals' behaviorcan evolve over a long time, but these climate changes are happening in the space of adecade, r ather than hundreds of years, ”says Moore, " Animals can't change theirbehavior that quickly. ”A warmer Arctic is expected to have important effects on human activity in theregion, as the Northwest Passage becomes navigable during the summer, and resourceextraction becomes more feasible. Information gained from the study will helpgovernment, industry and communities make decisions about resource management,economic development and environmental protection.Moore says the study — which involves Canadian, American and Europeanresearchersand government agencies will also use a novel technology to gatheratmospheric data: remotely piloted drones. "The drones have the capability of a largeresearch aircraft，and they ’re easier to deploy, ” he says, showing the researchers to gather information on a more regular basis than they would be able to with pilotedaircraft.66. By the end of this century, according to the author, global warming will ______.A. start to bring about extreme weather events to humans and animalsB. increase the average world temperature by four degreesC. cause more damages to the whole world than expectedD. affect the Arctic more than any other parts of the earth67. To help understand the destructive mechanism of Arctic warming, as indicatedby the passage, the international study ______.A. is conducted with every single discipline of University of TorontoB. pioneers in pursuing the widespread effects of climate changeC. involves so many countries for different investigationsD. is intended to deal with various aspects in research68. When he ways, “Animals can ’t change their behavior that quickly, ”what doesMoore mean by that quickly?A. The migration of the animals to the Arctic.B. The widespread effects of global warming.C. The rate of the climate change in the Arctic.D. The phytoplankton within the marine ecosystem.69. According to the author, to carry out proper human activities in theArctic______.A. becomes more difficult than ever beforeB. is likely to build a novel economy in the regionC. will surely lower the average world temperatureD. needs the research-based supporting information70. With the drones deployed, as Moore predicts, the researchers will _______.A. involve more collaborating countries than they do nowB. get more data to be required for their researchC. use more novel technologies in researchD. conduct their research at a regular basisPassage ThreeHaving too much caffeine during pregnancy may impair baby ’s liver development and increase the risk of liver disease in adulthood, according to a study published in theJournal of Endocrinology. Pregnant rats given caffeine had offspring with lower birth weights, altered growth and stress hormonelevels and impaired liver development. Thestudy findings indicate that consumption of caffeine equivalent to 2-3 cups of coffee may alter stress and growth hormone levels in a manner that can impair growth and development, and increase the risk of liver disease in adulthood.Previous studies have indicated that prenatal caffeine intake of 300 mg/day ormore in women, which is approximately 2 to 3 cups coffee per day, can result in lower birth weights of their children. Animalstudies have further suggestedthat prenatalcaffeine consumption may have more detrimental long-term effects on liverdevelopment with an increased susceptibility to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, adebilitating condition normally associated w ith obesity and diabetes. However, theunderlying link between prenatal caffeine exposure and impaired liver developmentremains poorly understood. A better understanding of how caffeine mediates theseeffects could help prevent these health issues in people in the future.In this study, Prof Hui Wang and colleagues at Wuhan University in China,investigated the effects of low (equivalent to 2-3 cups of coffee) and high dose(equivalent of 6-9 cups of coffee) caffeine, given to pregnant rats, on liver function andhormone levels of their offspring. Offspring exposed to prenatal caffeine had lower levels of the liver hormone, insulin likegrowth factor (IGF-1), and higher levels of thestress hormone, corticosteroid at birth. However, liver development after birth showed a compensatory 'catch up' phase, characterised by increased levels of IGF-1, which is important for growth.Dr. Yinxian Wen, study co-author, says, “Our results indicate that prenatal caffeine causes an excess of stress hormone activity in the mother, which inhibits IGF-1 activityfor liver development before birth. However, compensatory mechanisms do occur after birth to accelerate growth and restore normalliver function, as IGF-1 activity increasesand stress hormone signalling decreases. The increased risk of fatty liver disease causedby prenatal caffeine exposure is most likely a consequence of this enhanced,compensatory postnatal IGF-1 activity. ”These findings not only confirm that prenatal caffeine exposure leads to lowerbirth weight and impaired liver development before birth but also expand our currentunderstanding of the hormonal changes underlying these changes and suggest thepotential mechanism for increased risk of liver disease in the future. However, theseanimal findings need to be confirmed in humans.Dr. Wen comments, "Our work suggeststhat prenatal caffeine is not good for babies and although these findingsstill need to be confirmed in people, I wouldrecommend that women avoid caffeine during pregnancy."71. Which of the following is NOT the problem of baby rats of pregnant rats givencaffeine?A. Lower birth weight.B. Smaller stress.C. Liver development problem.D. Growth problem.72. If a pregnant woman takes 3 cups of coffee, what will probably happen?A. Her weight will get lower and lower.B. The weight of her baby will get lower and lower.C. She will suffer from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a long run.D. Her baby will be more vulnerable to obesity and diabetes because of liver problem.73. Which of following is not correct according to the passage?A. A better understanding of the relationship between caffeine and effects has beenachieved.B. 4-5 cups of coffee could be categorized as medium-dose intake.C. Liver development problem may be remedied after birth by increased growth factor.D. The study is mainly conducted on the rats instead of human.74. What is the relationship between stress hormone and liver development whentaking in prenatal caffeine?A. Lower stress hormone, lower birth weight before birth.B. Higher stress hormone, lower growth hormone before birth.C. Higher stress hormone, more accelerated growth of weight after birth.D. Lower stress hormone, less accelerated growth of liver after birth.75. What can be the best summary of the last paragraph?A. The research hasn ’t been done on humans so pregnant women can ignore the results.B. The compensatory mechanism for liver growth makes prenatal caffeine intake safe.C. Experts suggest pregnant women should still avoid caffeine.D. We have known enough about the hormone changes underlying the healthPassage FourThe bizarre antics of sleepwalkers have puzzled police, perplexed scientists, and fascinated writers for centuries. There is an endless supply of stories about sleepwalkers.Persons have been said to climb on steep roofs, solve mathematical problems, composemusic, walk through plate-glass windows, and commit murder in their sleepHow many of these stories have a basis in fact, and how many are pure fakery?No one knows, but if some of the most sensational stories should be taken with a barrelof salt, others are a matter of record.In Revere, Massachusetts, a hundred policemen combed a waterfrontneighborhood for a lost boy who left his home in his sleep and woke up five hours lateron a strange sofa in a strange living room, with no idea how he had got there.There is an early medical record of a somnambulist who wrote a novel in his sleep.And the great French writer V oltaire knew a sleepwalker who once got out of bed,dressed himself, made a polite bow, danced a minuet, and then undressed and went backto bed.At the University of Iowa, a student was reported to have the habit of getting upin the middle of the night and walking three-quarters of a mile to the Iowa River. He would take a swim and then go back tohis room to bed.The world's champion sleepwalker was supposed to have been an Indian, PanditRamrakha, who walked sixteen miles along a dangerous road without realizing that hehad left his bed. Second in line for the title is probably either a Vienna housewife or a British farmer. The woman did all her shopping on busy streets in her sleep. The farmer,in his sleep, visited a veterinarian miles away.The leading expert on sleep in America claims that he has never seen a sleepwalker.He is Dr. Nathaniel Kleitman, a physiologist at the University of Chicago. He is said toknow more about sleep than any other living man, and during the last thirty-five yearshad lost a lot of sleep watching people sleep. Says he, "Of course, I know that there are sleepwalkers becauseI have read about them in the newspapers. B ut none of mysleepers ever walked, and if I were to advertise for sleepwalkers for an experiment, Idoubt that I'd get many takers."Sleepwalking, nevertheless, is a scientific reality. Like hypnosis, it is one of thosedramatic, eerie, awe-inspiring phenomena that sometimes border on the fantastic. Itlends itself to controversy and misconceptions, what is certain about sleepwalking isthat it is a symptom of emotional disturbance, and that the only way to cure it is to remove the worries and anxieties that cause it. Doctors say that somnambulism is muchmore common than is generally supposed.Some have estimated that there are fourmillion somnambulists in the United States. Others set the figure even higher. Manysleepwalkers do not seek help and so are never put on record, which means that anaccurate count can never be made.The simplest explanation of sleepwalking is that it is the acting out of a vividdream. The dream usually comes from guilt, worry, nervousness, o r some otheremotional conflict. The classic sleepwalker is Shakespeare ’L asdy Macbeth. Hernightly wanderings were caused by her guilty conscience at having committed murder. Shakespeare said of her, “The eyes are open but their sense is shut. ”The age-old question is: Is the sleepwalker actually awake or asleep. Scientists have decided that he is about half-and-half. Like Lady Macbeth, he has weightyproblems on his mind. Dr. Zeida Teplitz, who made a ten-year study of the subject, says, “Some people stay awake all night worrying about t heir problems. The sleepwalker thrashes them out in his sleep. He is awake in the muscular area, partially asleep in the sensory area." In other words, a person can walk in his sleep, move around, and do other things, but he does not think about what he is doing.76. The second sentence in the second paragraph means that_________.A. no one knows, but certainly all the sleep walking stories have something incredibleB. the sleepwalking stories are like salt adding flavor to people ’s lifeC. sleepwalking stories that are most fantastic should be sorted out from ordinary storiesD. the most fantastic sleepwalking stories may be just fictions, yet there are stilltruthfully recorded stories77. ________was supposed to be the world's champion sleepwalker.A. The student habitually walked to the Iowa River and swam in his sleepB. The man danced a minuet in his sleepC. The man walker sixteen miles along a dangerous roadD. The boy walked five hours in his sleep78. Sleepwalking is the result of ______ according to the passage.A. emotional disorderB. a vivid dreamC. lack of sleep and great anxietyD. insanity79. Dr. Zeida Teplitz seemed to_________.A. agree that sleepwalking sometimes leads to dangerous actsB. conclude that sleepwalkers are awake in their sensory areaC. disagree with the belief that sleep walkers are immune to injuryD. think that sleepwalking can turn into madness80. The writer makes it obvious that_________.A. sleepwalkers are often awakened by dangersB. most sleepwalkers can find ways to avoid self-injuryC. it is important to find out the underlying cause of sleepwalkingD. sleepwalking is actually a kind of hypnosisPassage FiveBeyond the basic animal instincts to seek food and avoid pain, Freud identifiedtwo sources of psychic energy, which he called "drives ”: aggression and libido. The keto his theory is that these were unconscious drives, shaping our behavior without themediation of our waking minds; they surface, heavily disguised, only in our dreams.The work of the past half-century in psychology and neuroscience has been to downplaythe role of unconscious universal drives, focusing instead on rational processesinconscious life. But researchers have found evidence that Freud s drives really do exist,and they have their roots in the limbic system, a primitive part of the brain that operatesmostly below the horizon of consciousness.Now more commonly referred to as emotions, the modem suite of drives comprises five: rage, panic, separation distress,lust and a variation on libido sometimes called seeking.The seeking drive is proving a particularly fruitful subject for researchers.Although like the others it originates in the limbic system, it also involves parts of theforebrain, the seat of higher mental functions. In the 1980s, Jaak Panksepp, aneurobiologist at Bowling Green State University in Ohio, became interested in a placenear the cortex known as the ventraltegmental area, which in humans lies just abovethe hairline. When Panksepp stimulated the corresponding region in a mouse, theanimal would sniff the air and walk around, as though it were looking for something.Was it hungry? No. The mouse would walk right by a plate of food, or for that matterany other object Panksepp could think of. This brain tissue seemed to cause a generaldesire for something new. “What I was seeing, ” he says, “was the urge to do stuff.Panksepp called this seeking.To neuropsychologist Mark Solms of University College in London, that soundsvery much like libido. “Freud needed some sort of general, appetitive desire to seekpleasure in the world of objects, ” says Solms. "Panksepp discovered as a neuroscientist what Freud discovered psychologically. ” Solms studied the same region of the brain forhis work on dreams. Since the 1970s, neurologists have known that dreaming takesplace during a particular form of sleep known as REM — rapid eye movement — whichis associated with a primitive part of the brain known as the pons. Accordingly, they regarded dreaming as a low-level phenomenon of no great psychological interest. WhenSolms looked into it, though, it turned out that the key structure involved in dreaming was actually the ventral tegmental, the same structure that Panksepp had identified as the seat of the “”s e e m k i o n t g i o n. Dreams, it seemed, originate with the libid—o which is just what Freud had believed.Freud's psychological map may have been flawed in many ways, but it alsohappensto be the most coherent and, from the standpoint of individual experience,meaningful theory of the mind. “Freud should be placed in the same category as Darwin,who lived before the discovery of genes, ” says Panksepp. “Freud gave us a vision ofmental apparatus. We need to talk about it, develop it, test it. ” Perhaps it ’sof proving Freud wrong or right, but of finishing the job.。

华中科技大学生殖医学2016,2019年考博初试真题

2019年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：生殖医学
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释
体
2.性激素
3.精子变形
4.卵巢早衰
5.紧急避孕
二、简答题
1.无精子症的分类及睾丸病理特征
2.女性不孕的常见原因
3.睾丸中支持细胞的作用
4.简述辅助生殖技术有哪几种常用技术
5、Asthenospermia
二、简答题（70分）
1、简述精原细胞的有丝分裂过程。
2、简述GnRH的功能特点及机制。
3、简述影响附睾精子运动的因素。
4、简述免疫避孕的定义及研究靶点。
5、简述氧自由基对生殖系统的影响。
6、交配实验法，设计药物雄性抗生育试验（药物A，雄鼠，雌鼠，显微镜，手术器械）。
华中科技大学同济医学院
华中科技大学
2016年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：生殖医学
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释（30分）
1、primordial follicle
2、Hyperprolactinemia
3、Y chromosome microdeletion
4、PGD
三、英文翻译成中文一段
关于卵细胞减数分裂，被捕获直到，排卵，完成减数分裂之类。
四、实验设计题
比较简单

华中科技大学生理学考博试题汇总带答案版

华中科技大学生理学考博试题汇总带答案版华中科技大学同济医学院生理学考博2001 年试述神经-肌肉接头处兴奋的传递过程，并分析影响兴奋传递的因素（20分）[答案] 神经-肌接头的传递过程：动作电位以局部电流的形式传导到神经末梢→Ca2+通道开放，进入轴突末梢，中和膜内表面和囊泡表面的负电荷，降低末梢内轴浆黏度，激活某些收缩蛋白，促使囊泡向接头前膜移动、融合、破裂并量子式释放递质Ach→Ach经接头间隙扩散到终板膜→与终板膜上上N2受体结合→该受体本身属化学门控离子通道，开放后使得终板膜Na+内流大于K+外流→终板电位去极化而爆发动作电位→终板电位刺激邻近的肌膜去极化达阈电位→肌膜上电压门控钠通道开放，Na+内流而产生肌膜动作电位，从而完成了兴奋在神经-肌肉接头处的传递过程。

Ach的消除：Ach发挥作用后迅速被附近的胆碱脂酶水解而失活。

影响兴奋传递的因素主要有：1.影响Ach的释放：细胞外镁离子浓度或细胞外钙离子浓度降低均能影响Ach的释放，其作用机制为：Mg++与Ca++竞争，使得钙离子内流减少，递质释放减少；钙离子内流减少，递质释放量减少。

影响递质与受体的结合:例如肉毒中毒，其会抑制递质的释放；肌无力综合征，其自身免疫力抗体会破坏神经末梢的钙离子通道；重症肌无力，其自身免疫性抗体破坏了终板膜上的N2受体与通道。

影响Ach的降解：例如筒箭毒会阻断终板膜上的N2受体与Ach结合；而新斯的明和有机磷中毒均抑制胆碱酯酶活性。

二、以左心为例，试述心脏将血液泵入动脉的过程，并试述泵血过程中心室内压力、容积、瓣膜开关和血流的变化。

（20分）（在每个心动周期中心脏的压力、容积、瓣膜启闭和血流方向各有何变化？）[答案]在每一个心动周期中，包括收缩和舒张两个时期，每个时期又可分为若干时相。

以心房开始收缩作为描述一个心动周期的起点。

⑴心房收缩期：心房开始收缩之前，心脏正处于全心舒张期，心房和心室内压都比较低。

但心房压相对高于心室压，房室瓣处于开启状态，而心室内压远比动脉压为低，故半月瓣处于关闭状态。

华中科技大学历年的考博真题整理2.

华中科技大学历年的考博真题整理2.同济医科大学 2001年泌尿外科(博士一、必答题(15*21 试述创伤的代谢变化及其临床意义2 溶血反应的发病机理及病理变化二选答题(每人必选一题,但是不能选本专业试题,否则没有分数10分 /题1 胃癌淋巴转移途径2 试述开放性骨折的处理原则3 阴囊内肿块常见于哪些疾病?如何诊治?4 急性颅脑损伤的诊治处理原则5 张力性气胸的处理原则6 试述施行活体供脏器移植的基本条件和要求二、专业题(一名词解释 (4分 /题1 尿失禁2 肾积脓3 石街4 精索静脉曲张5 鞘膜积液(二问答题1 试述前列腺癌的诊断和治疗(15分2 试述上尿路结石的诊断及治疗新进展(12分3 试述肾盂癌的诊断和处理原则(13分同济医科大学 2002年泌尿外科(博士一、必答题(30分(一名词解释(3分 /题1 脑再灌注损伤2 中厚皮片(二问答题(12分 /题1创伤后组织修复过程分为哪几个阶段?各阶段的主要特点是什么?2 试述肿瘤浸润与转移过程中的相关因素专业题一、名词解释(3分 /题1 尿频2 PSA3 少尿 /无尿4 肾积水5 皮质醇症二、问答题1简述尿失禁的分类及常见原因(10分2 男性前尿道损伤的治疗原则(15分3 膀胱移行细胞癌的临床分期?表浅膀胱癌的治疗原则(15分4 良性前列腺增生的诊断和鉴别诊断(15分同济医科大学 2003年泌尿外科(博士一、必答题(30分(一名词解释(5*21 成人型呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS2全身性炎症反应综合征(SIRS3 痈4 海绵状血管瘤5 负氮平衡(二问答题(5*61 灭菌与消毒有何区别?2 高钾血症的原因有哪些?如何诊断和处理?3 简述肠外营养有哪些常见的并发症?如何处理?4 简述外科如何选择和使用抗菌药物?5 创伤后组织修复分几个阶段?简述其修复过程?二、专业题(一名词解释(4*31 膀胱破裂的导尿实验2 K抗原3 前列腺痛4 肾皮质结核(二问答题(8*61 什么叫尿频,引起尿频的原因有哪些?2 叙述多囊肾的病因及分类3 叙述分段尿及前列腺培养检查方法4 叙述双侧上尿路结石的手术原则5 叙述膀胱镜下各期膀胱肿瘤的肉眼特征6 叙述肾积水的常见原因7 原发性醛固酮增多症有那些临床表现?8 叙述精索静脉曲张的发病机理同济医科大学 2005年泌尿外科(博士公共部分:一、名解SIADH SIRS二、问答:1、成分输血的种类及适应症2、肠源性感染的发病机制3、代酸的分型及常见原因泌外:一、名解肾积脓浅表性膀胱肿瘤Cushing`s syndrome Peyronie disease二、问答1、简述 BPH 的病生特、各自引起的临床症状和治疗方案2、上尿路结石的微创方法及适应症3、前列腺癌的治疗4、肾结核的鉴别诊断同济医科大学 2006年泌尿外科(博士外科公共部分名词解释 :基因诊断条件性感染CARS问答 :1、肠内营养的适应症2、自体输血的适应症及禁忌症泌尿外科部分名词解释 :肾后性肾功衰微创泌尿外科充盈性尿失禁尿崩症问答 :1、输尿管反流的原因危害及处理2、泌尿系感染与妇科生理变化的关系3、 KUB 的作用4、膀胱造瘘的并发症及预防27. 同济医科大学分子生物学(博士[Re: 0分会员] Copy to clipboard Posted by: 0分会员Posted on: 2008-01-22 17:57同济医科大学 2001年分子生物学(博士一、英汉互译下列名词,并加以解释 (30分1、 transposable element2、 restriction enzyme3、 derepression4、 gene therapy5、 calmo dulin6、操纵子7、反式作用因子8、基因组9、原癌基因10、多克隆位点二、试述反式作用因子的结构特征及作用方式 (20分三、试述 2型限制酶的功能与特性 (20分四、试述影响原核基因转录的因素 (20分五、试述病毒核酸的结构特点 (10分华中科技大学同济医学院 2002年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目:分子生物学(基础课科目代码:811一名词解释并写出对应的英文名词(共10小题,每小题5分,共50分1. 克隆载体2. 表达载体3. 假基因4. 微卫星序列5. 回文结构6. 启动子7. 癌基因 8. 多克隆位点 9. 增强子 10. 开放阅读框架二问答题(共 3小题,每小题 10分,共 30分1. 若要获得 IL-2的基因工程产品,你应该怎么做?2. 真核细胞中基因表达的特异性转录调控因子是指什么?根据它们的结构特征可以分为哪些类型?它们和 DNA 相互识别的原理是什么?3. 简述细胞内癌基因激活的方式?三选答题(任选 2小题,每小题 10分,共 20分1. 简述基因治疗中转移外源基因至体内的非病毒和病毒途径的主要原理2. 请你评价一下人类基因组计划(HGMP 完成的意义(蒲А⒕ ? 济和社会的??BR>3.分子生物学实验中所涉及的引物有哪几种,各有什么用途和特点?4. 简述 3~4种 PCR 衍生技术及其应用同济医科大学 2003年分子生物学(博士一名词解释并写出对应的英文名词(共10小题,每小题5分,共50分1. 克隆载体2. 表达载体3. 断裂基因4. 双脱氧核苷酸(简单5. 多克隆位点6. 启动子7. 癌基因8. 核糖体结合位点(简单9. 增强子10. 开放阅读框架二问答题(共3小题,每小题10分,共30分1. 什么是分子克隆技术?它的主要步骤是什么?2. 真核细胞和原核细胞基因表达在转录水平上调控的特点。

华中科技大学生理学考博试题汇总带答案版

华中科技大学同济医学院生理学考博2001 年试述神经-肌肉接头处兴奋得传递过程，并分析影响兴奋传递得因素（20分）[答案] 神经-肌接头得传递过程：动作电位以局部电流得形式传导到神经末梢→Ca2+通道开放，进入轴突末梢，中与膜内表面与囊泡表面得负电荷，降低末梢内轴浆黏度，激活某些收缩蛋白，促使囊泡向接头前膜移动、融合、破裂并量子式释放递质Ach→Ach经接头间隙扩散到终板膜→与终板膜上上N2受体结合→该受体本身属化学门控离子通道，开放后使得终板膜Na+内流大于K+外流→终板电位去极化而爆发动作电位→终板电位刺激邻近得肌膜去极化达阈电位→肌膜上电压门控钠通道开放，Na+内流而产生肌膜动作电位，从而完成了兴奋在神经-肌肉接头处得传递过程。

Ach得消除：Ach发挥作用后迅速被附近得胆碱脂酶水解而失活。

影响兴奋传递得因素主要有：1、影响Ach得释放：细胞外镁离子浓度或细胞外钙离子浓度降低均能影响Ach得释放，其作用机制为：Mg++与Ca++竞争，使得钙离子内流减少，递质释放减少；钙离子内流减少，递质释放量减少。

影响递质与受体得结合:例如肉毒中毒，其会抑制递质得释放；肌无力综合征，其自身免疫力抗体会破坏神经末梢得钙离子通道；重症肌无力，其自身免疫性抗体破坏了终板膜上得N2受体与通道。

影响Ach得降解：例如筒箭毒会阻断终板膜上得N2受体与Ach结合；而新斯得明与有机磷中毒均抑制胆碱酯酶活性。

二、以左心为例，试述心脏将血液泵入动脉得过程，并试述泵血过程中心室内压力、容积、瓣膜开关与血流得变化。

（20分）（在每个心动周期中心脏得压力、容积、瓣膜启闭与血流方向各有何变化？）[答案]在每一个心动周期中，包括收缩与舒张两个时期，每个时期又可分为若干时相。

以心房开始收缩作为描述一个心动周期得起点。

⑴心房收缩期：心房开始收缩之前，心脏正处于全心舒张期，心房与心室内压都比较低。

但心房压相对高于心室压，房室瓣处于开启状态，而心室内压远比动脉压为低，故半月瓣处于关闭状态。

华中科技大学医学免疫学2019年考博真题试卷

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华中科技大学
医学考博真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷华中科技 Nhomakorabea学同济医学院
2019年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：医学免疫学（专基）注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
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一、名词解释 1克隆选择学说 2.固有免疫 3.超抗原 4.PAMP 5.GRHV 6.沉淀反应 7.先天性胸腺发育不良 8.中枢耐受 9.单克隆抗体 10.粘附因子二、问答题 1.MHC I类抗原和II类抗原的分子结构和组织分布 2.T细胞的表面标志和作用 3.TD抗原进入机体，B细胞活化的条件有哪些？ 4.CD8Tc细胞发挥免疫应答的机制和特点 5.II型超敏反应的机制 6.肿瘤细胞如何逃逸免疫系统

华科考博历年病理考题1990-2021

华科考博历年病理考题1990-2021华中科技大学同济医学院考博病理学试题（1990-2021年）华中科技大学同济医学院病理考题1990（1） 1 凋落 2 血栓再通 3 化生 4 浓性卡他 5 非典型增生问答：1 修复过程中组织再生受哪些因素影响？2 试述肺动脉栓塞的原因及后果。

3 何谓吞噬作用？扼要说明吞噬过程。

4 试述肿瘤增生与非肿瘤增生的区别。

华中科技大学同济医学院病理考题1990（2）一名词解释 1淤血 2渗出 3肿瘤 4葡萄胎5炎性息肉 6坏死7栓塞 8肿瘤的异型性 9单核吞噬细胞系统 10 动脉粥样硬化二简述细胞与组织常见损伤原因三试述良性高血压时心和肾的病理变化四试述脓肿的病因，病理变化和结局五原发肺结核与继发肺结核的病理变化有何不同？华中科技大学同济医学院病理考题1991（1）1 试述凝固性坏死、液化性坏死、干酪样坏死和脂肪坏死的形态学特点及其相互区别。

2 试述畸胎瘤和癌肉瘤的异同点。

3 何谓肉芽肿性炎？常见病因。

各举两例说明其形态结构和结局。

4 纤维素性炎发生与哪些器官？哪些疾病（至少两种以上）？形态学有何特点？华中科技大学同济医学院病理考题1991（2）一名词解释1吞噬溶酶体 2蜂窝织炎 3液化性坏死 4血栓形成 5梗死6免疫缺陷病 7结核结节 8尘肺 9肿瘤的异型性 10慢性萎缩性肾炎二举例说明恶性肿瘤的扩散途径三试述血吸虫性肝硬变的病变特征和临床表现四试述细菌性肺炎的病变特征华中科技大学同济医学院病理考题1992 一名词解释1细胞水变性 2微血栓 3蜂窝织炎 4缩窄性心包炎 5结核病 6原位癌 7浆液性炎症8粥瘤 9固缩坏死（凋落） 10交界性肿瘤二何谓坏疽？坏疽分哪几种类型？各型病变有何特征？三简述急性炎症和结局四试述急性（普通型）病理型肝炎的病理变化及临床联系五简述弥漫性新月体肾炎的病理变化及临床病理联系华中科技大学同济医学院病理考题1993 一名词解释1瘢痕组织 2风湿小节 3肠上皮化生 4混合血栓 5化脓性炎症6肿瘤的转移 7脑软化 8硅（矽）结节 9肝细胞碎片状坏死 10脓毒血症二试述肿瘤的生长方式及其临床意义三试述支气管炎的病理变化及其主要临床症状与病变的关系四简述结核病基本病变的转化规律五试述血栓对机体的影响，并各举一例加以说明同济医科大学一九九三年攻读博士学位研究生入学试题基础课：病理学一．解释常用病理学名词（每小题4分，共40分） 1、肿瘤的异型性 2、毛玻璃样肝细胞 3、干酪样坏死4、栓塞 5、化生心肌梗死 6、嗜神经细胞现象 7、脂肪变性 8、 organization 9、 tuberculoma 10、二．何谓癌前病变？列举各种类型癌前病变并简要说明之。

华中科技大学流行病学基础(2815)2011,2014--2016,2019年考博初试真题+复试

8 Global Cancer Policy全球癌症政策
9 outcome variable结局变量（队列研究终点）
10 Hanthorne effect霍森效应（实验研究）
二、问答题10*4分
1结合你熟悉的实例，病例对照和队列研究的优势和局限性
2近30年恶性肿瘤在我国及全球流行特征趋势
3新发流行病爆发流行的应急控制措施
二、简答题
3.经呼吸道传播疾病的流行病学特征
4.传染病传播途径
5.影响人群易感性的因素
6.简述康泰乙肝疫苗疑似致死事件经过及你的看法
华中科技大学
2015年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：流行病学基础
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释3*10分
1 public health emergence information system公共卫生应急信息系统
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释
1.意向性分析
2.gwas
3.出生队列
4.幸存者偏倚
5.现场实验
6.宏基因组
7.免疫规划
8.受试者工作曲线
9.主动监测
10.生态学谬误
二、简答题
1.流行病学中病因学的概念。
2.队列研究优缺点。
3.流行病学中混杂偏倚如何控制。
一、名词解释3*10分
1.Iatrogenic transmission
2.Immunization schedules
3.Capture-mark-recapture
4.Behavior epidemiology
5.Gold Standard

华中科技大学医学免疫学2019年考博真题考博试卷

攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
医学考博真题试卷
华中科技大学同济医学院
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2019 年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：医学免疫学（专基）注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释 1 克隆选择学说 2.固有免疫 3.超抗原 4.PAMP 5.GRHV 6.沉淀反应 7.先天性胸腺发育不良 8.中枢耐受 9.单克隆抗体 10.粘附因子
二、问答题 1.MHC I 类抗原和 II 类抗原的分子结构和组织分布 2.T 细胞的表面标志和作用 3.TD 抗原进入机体，B 细胞活化的条件有哪些？ 4.CD8Tc 细胞发挥免疫应答的机制和特点 5.II 型超敏反应的机制 6.肿瘤细胞如何逃逸免疫系统
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பைடு நூலகம்

华中科技大学同济医学院生殖健康研究所2020年博士申请考核制材料审核情况公示

妇产科学妇产科学妇产科学妇产科学妇产科学妇产科学妇产科学妇产科学妇产科学妇产科学妇产科学妇产科学
周立全研究员黄东晖副教授余波澜研究员颜炜群教授苏萍副教授赵玲俐副教授董武子教授吴新华教授黄东晖副教授李康生教授戴建锋教授
张玲教授
李磊研究员王凤丽副教授陈敦金教授陈琼华教授周立全研究员
生殖健康研究所2020年博士申请考核制材料审核情况公示
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华中科技大学外科学(器官移植)2018年考博真题考博试卷

攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
医学考博真题试卷
华中科技大学
2018 年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
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考试科目：外科学（器官移植）注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。总论部分一、名词解释（每题 4 分，共 16 分） 1.SIRS 2.GVHR 3.迟发型溶血反应 4.丹毒二、问答题（每题 6 分，共 24 分） 1.简述成分输血类型及适应证。 2.简述围手术期发症。 4.试述高钾血症临床表现、诊断及处理方法。
外科学（器官移植）部分一、名词解释 1. 热缺血时间 2. complement-dependent 3. cytoxity assay 4. HLA sensitization 二、论述题 1. 肾移植中的亚临床急性排斥反应。 2. 免疫耐受和诱导，移植免疫耐受的诱导方法。
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