国际贸易学理论与政策 试题

《国际贸易理论与政策》试题及答案第一套一、Explain the following nouns:（15 points）1.International borrowing and lending2.Consumer surplus3. Import-biased growth4.Home import demand5.Price discrimination二、Choose the one that best completes the sentence: （10 points）1. Internal economies of scale occur when the cost of per unit of goods depends on the size of a （）A、firmB、individualC、industryD、monopoly2. International transfers of income may affect a country’s （）by shifting the world relative demand curve.A、patterns of tradeB、terms of tradeC、balance of tradeD、quantity of trade3. The essential point of Ricardo’s model is that gains from trade depend on （）A、comparative advantageB、absolute advantageC、balance of tradeD、quantity of trade4. The most common form of price discrimination in international trade is （）A、dumpingB、reciprocal dumpingC、pure monopolyD、monopoly5. In a perfectly competitive market, firms are （）A、patterns of tradeB、terms of tradeC、price takersD、price setters三、Answer the following questions chiefly: （30 points）1.What does the relationship between MR and price depends on？2.What are the failings of the Recardian Model？3.How is trade based on external economies in its effects on national welfare？4.What benefits and costs does an export subsidy bring for the exporting country？5.In 1986, the price of oil on world markets dropped sharply. Since the UnitedStates is an oil-importing country, this was widely regarded as good for the U.S.economy. Yet, in Texas and Louisiana 1986 was a year of economic decline.Why？6.What do factor movements include？四、Justify true or false: （10 points）1.International factor movements can sometimes substitute for trade. （）2.Economic growth means an inward shift in a country’s production possibilityfrontier. （）3. In reality, we can observe complete factor price equalization. （）4.Foreign tariffs are always bad for a country and foreign export subsidies alwaysbeneficial. （）5.The distinctive feature of direct foreign investment is that it involves only atransfer of resources. （）五、Calculate the following questions: （20 points）1、Home has 1200 units of labor available. It can produce two goods, and bananas.The unit labor requirement in apple production is 3, while in banana production it is 2.a、G raph Home’s production possibility frontier.b、What is the opportunity cost of apples in terms of bananas？c、I n the absence of trade, what would the price of apples in terms of bananas be？Why？2、The nation of American is “small,”unable to affect world prices. It importspeanuts at the price of ＄10 per bag. The demand curve isD=400-10P.The supply curve isS=50+5P.Determine the free trade equilibrium. Then calculate the following effects of an import quota that limits imports to 50 bags.a、T he increase in the domestic price.b、The quota rents.c、T he consumption distortion loss.d、The production distortion loss.六、Translate the following passage into Chinese: （15 points）1、As a country seeks to employ more labor on a given amount of land, it must move to increasingly labor-intensive techniques of production, and this will normally become increasingly difficult the further the substitution of labor for land goes.2、The fixed cost in a linear cost function gives rise to economies of scale, because the larger the firm’s output, the less is the fixed cost per unit.3、There is no good economic justification for regarding dumping as particularly harmful, but U.S. trade law prohibits foreign firms from dumping in our market and automatically imposes tariffs when such dumping is discovered.4、an economy’s productive capacity is described by its PPF, the differences in PPF br ing out trade. Production possibilities determine a country’s RS. World equilibrium is determined by RD W and a RS W that is between the nations’ RS.5、International trade plays a crucial role: It makes it possible for each country to produce a restricted range of goods and to take advantage of economies of scale without sacrificing variety in consumption.答案一、Explain the following nouns: （15 points）1.International borrowing and lending can be viewed as a kind of internationaltrade, but one that involves trade of present consumption for future consumption rather than trade of one good for another.2.Consumer surplus is the difference between the price a consumer actually paysand the price he would have been willing to pay.3.Import-biased growth is the growth that biased toward the good a countryimports.4.Home import demand means that Home consumers demand is more than Homeproducers supply.5.In general, the practice of charging different customers different prices is calledprice discrimination.二、Choose the one that best completes the sentence: （10 points）A B A A C三、Answering the following questions chiefly: （30 points）1、The relationship between MR and price depends on two things：Firstly, it depends on how much output the firm is already selling.Secondly, it depends on the slope of the demand curve.2、The failings of the Recardian Model：(1) It has neglected the effects of inter- national trade on the income distribution within countries, and predicted countries as a whole could always gain from trade. In fact, some organized political opposition is much more important than the gains from trade.(2) It predicts an extreme degree of specialization but not observed in the real world.(3) It has neglected trade system(4) It has not taken scale economy into the model, and this has weakened its explaining force on the large trade flows between apparently similar nations.(5) It has omitted the costs of labor movements among the industries.3、Trade based on external economies is ambiguous in its effects on national welfare. On one hand, it may make a country better off; on the other hand, it may also make a country worse off.4、In the exporting country, consumers lose, producers gain, and the government loses because it must expend money on the subsidy.5、Texas and Louisiana are states with large oil-producing sectors. The real wage of oil-producing factors of production in terms of other goods falls when the price of oil falls relative to the price of other goods. This was the source of economic decline in these states in 1986.6、Factor movements include labor migration, the transfer of capital via international borrowing and lending, and the subtle international linkages involved in the formation of multination corporations.四、Justify true or false: （10 points）√⨯⨯⨯⨯五、Calculate the following questions:（20 points）1、a、the apple400(1200/3)Home’s PPF600( 1200/2) the bananab、The opportunity cost of apples in terms of bananas is 3÷2=1.5.c、Labor mobility ensures a common wage in each sector and competitionensures the price of goods equals their cost of production. Thus, the relative price equals the relative costs, which equals the wage times the unit labor requirement for apples divided by the wage times the unit labor requirement for bananas. Since wages are equal across sectors, the price ratio equals the ratio of the unit labor requirement, which is 3 apples per 2 bananas.2、At a price of ＄10 per bag of peanuts, American imports 200 bags of peanuts. A quota limiting the import of peanuts to 50 bags has the following effects:a、T he price of peanuts rises to ＄20 per bag.b、The quota rents are （＄20-＄10）×50=＄500.c、T he consumption distortion loss is 5×100 bags×＄10 per bag=＄500.d、The production distortion loss is 5×50 bags×＄10 per bag=＄250.六、Translate the following passage into Chinese: （15 points）1.一国要在给定土地上雇佣更多劳动力就必须移向劳动密集型技术的生产。