Lean-古德里奇培训资料9

3
Time Observation 作业观察
Definition 定义
Time Observation is a method of documenting reality.作业观察是记录实际情况的一种方法。
It means to go to the place where a process occurs and record the description and time of each work step to produce one unit of output by a single operator 这意味着到流程发生现场，记录 操作员在生产单位产品时每个工 作和步骤作业时间
What we think happens 我们想像发生的
What is supposed to happen 我们认为应该发生的
SCIF -- Time Observation
THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO THE CONTROLS AND RESTRICTIONS ON THE FIRST PAGE
SCIF -- Time Observation
THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO THE CONTROLS AND RESTRICTIONS ON THE FIRST PAGE
14
Time Observation 作业观察
Using the “Time Observation Form 用“作业观察表”
Equipment is a sunk cost 设备是已支付的成本 Depreciates 会贬值 Wears out 会磨损 Becomes obsolete 会过时 People are an ongoing resource人力资源是一种得持续支付的资源 Appreciates over time 随着时间的推移不断加增
现有的文档不准确或不完整
Tribal knowledge varies from employee to employee 员工对作业的知识参差不齐 Computer reports contain misleading or useless information
电脑文档内容有误导性或无用的信息
First, observe the employee; don’t be concerned about time or elements 首先，观察员工；不要过分注意时间或单元工序
Is there a pattern of consistency? 工作方式是否有重复性?
If no repetitiveness, instruct the employee to follow a specific routine as a starting point 如果没有重复性，指示员工开始例行工序 Now, we can observe and record the elements of the cycle in the task description column 现在，我们可以开始观察，并记录单元工序说明栏 和单元周期
Focus on the employee, not part flow or machine/equipment cycle time 注意员工（工作方式），而非物流或机器、设备的周期时间 Completely fill out header information at the top of each sheet把表格顶部的标题信息填写完整
Gain skill可获得技能
Gain knowledge可获得知识
Observing the employee will lead to bigger opportunities 观察员工会导致更多机会
SCIF -- Time Observation
THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO THE CONTROLS AND RESTRICTIONS ON THE FIRST PAGE
wenku.baidu.com
2
Time Observation 作业观察
Learning Objectives 学习目标
At the end of this lesson the students shall: 在本课程结束时，学生能够: Know the purpose of documenting reality 明白记录实际情况的目的
Actual workplace conditions are always different from our perceptions
现场工作环境和我们的认知有出入
SCIF -- Time Observation
THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO THE CONTROLS AND RESTRICTIONS ON THE FIRST PAGE
Time Observation 作业观察
Goodrich Continuous Improvement
持续改善
SCIF -- Time Observation
1
Time Observation 作业观察
Time Observation 作业观察
SCIF -- Time Observation
THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO THE CONTROLS AND RESTRICTIONS ON THE FIRST PAGE
SCIF -- Time Observation 4
THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO THE CONTROLS AND RESTRICTIONS ON THE FIRST PAGE
Time Observation 作业观察
Types of documenting reality 实情记录的类型
10
Time Observation 作业观察
Multiple Observation Form 多次作业观察表
SCIF -- Time Observation
THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO THE CONTROLS AND RESTRICTIONS ON THE FIRST PAGE
8
Time Observation 作业观察
Total Cost
12%
Direct Labor
All Other
88%
Focusing on what the employee is doing will in turn expose the balance of the total cost 专注员工的作业方式,将会曝露总成本的余额
SCIF -- Time Observation
THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO THE CONTROLS AND RESTRICTIONS ON THE FIRST PAGE
13
Time Observation 作业观察
Prior to performing time observations 在作业观察开始前
THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO THE CONTROLS AND RESTRICTIONS ON THE FIRST PAGE
5
Time Observation 作业观察
Why document reality? 为何要记录实情?
Existing written documents are either inaccurate or incomplete
7
Time Observation 作业观察
Time Observation - most detailed tool for documenting reality 作业观察 –最详细的记录实情工具
Direct observation and recording the information of a task/activity while it is happening will allow documentation of the facts. It will not be: 直接观察，并记录作业、活动的发生，可以让我们记录 到实情。不是:
11
Time Observation 作业观察
Single Observation Form 单次作业观察表
PROCESS OBSERVED TIME OBSERVATION Filter Change FORM FOR LONG CYCLES TASK DESCRIPTION STEP (Describe what the Mechanic does in every day language ) DATE: TIME: Time PAGE ____ OF ____ OBSERVER(S): POINTS OBSERVED
SCIF -- Time Observation
THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO THE CONTROLS AND RESTRICTIONS ON THE FIRST PAGE
9
Time Observation 作业观察
Why focus on people instead of equipment? 为什么要注重人力资源，而不是设备呢?
TIME FOR ONE CYCLE
SCIF -- Time Observation
THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO THE CONTROLS AND RESTRICTIONS ON THE FIRST PAGE
12
Time Observation 作业观察
Time Observation Form Guidelines 作业观察表使用指南
6
Time Observation 作业观察
We do not see things as they are,
WE SEE THINGS AS WE ARE
我们看不到事物的本质，
只看到我们认为的事实
SCIF -- Time Observation
THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO THE CONTROLS AND RESTRICTIONS ON THE FIRST PAGE
Inform the employee and appropriate supervision what you will be doing 通知员工及其相应的管理员你要进行作业观察
Introduce yourself to the operator 对操作员自我介绍 Explain the event/activity and location of the meeting place 解释项目、活动和会面的地点 Communicate that you are observing to identify waste and simplify the task 传达您的观察是用来标识浪费和简化工作 Instruct the operator to perform the job as usual; as if you were not there 指示操作员如常工作；正如你要不在现场一样
One set of time observation forms per employee 每位员工（观察对象）使用一份时间观察表 Two observers per employee 两名观察员观察一位员工
One operates the time piece 一人操作秒表 One records the information 一人记录信息
Time Observation 作业观察
Standard Work 标准作业
Percent Loading 工作载荷百分比 Process Mapping 流程图析 5S Evaluation 5S评估 EH&S Evaluation EH&S评估
SCIF -- Time Observation
Know how to perform time observation 知道如何执行作业观察
Know what level of detail to record 知道记录所需的详细度
SCIF -- Time Observation
THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO THE CONTROLS AND RESTRICTIONS ON THE FIRST PAGE