高三资料英语课学案

介词(短语)

介词和介词短语是高考每年必考的一个考点。命题形式主要为语篇填空和短文改错，在写作中也会用到该考点。其考点主要涉及常用介词的用法区别，介词与动词、名词、形容词等的常见搭配，介词的固定搭配等。

在语法填空中：当空格后的名词或者动名词不是做主语、表语，也不是做动词的宾语时，特别注意考虑搭配。介词in, with, by 在语法填空中考察频率很高，也极易混淆。可以这样记忆：in+材料；with+具体的工具；by+具体的工具。

eg. 1. I was searching these three Western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. (2018.全国卷III)

2. But my connection with pandas goes back my days on a TV show in the mid 1980s. (2016.全国卷II)

3. Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat their hands. (2016.全国卷III)

4.After school she plans to take a year off to model full time before going to university to get a degree engineering or architecture. (2017.全国卷III)

在短文改错中：如果句子中不缺少主语或者表语，动词后又不缺宾语，则在名词或者代词前常缺少介词。①留心介词遗漏现象。命题人通常利用中英文表达习惯的不同和考生的汉语思维习惯，将不及物动词后面的介词漏掉。如：look (at), listen (to), take care (of)等。

②留心介词冗余。命题人通常利用考生对于及物动词和不及物动词的模糊认识设置介词错误，如不该用介词的短语中用了介词，next year常写成in next year;在及物动词后常故意加一个介词，比如marry sb中间常故意多加一个to, approach sb中间常加一个to, enter the room中间常加一个into, return my book 常错误的写成return back my book.

eg. 1. They have also bought for some gardening tools. (2017.全国卷II)

2.While they chatted, my father would lift my sister and me up ti sit in the top of the fridge. (2016.浙江高考)

3.My uncle says he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time. (2016.全国卷I)

4.Still I was unwilling to play the games sometimes. (2018.全国卷II)

一、部分介词精讲

(1)at:用于表示时刻，时间的某一点。

at noon在午时at night在夜间at present目前

(2) on:用于星期，某天，某一天的上午、下午、晚上(指具体的某一天时，一律用)

on Saturday, on a cold morning, on March 5

(3) in:用于表示周、月、季节、年、泛指上午、下午、晚上。在...之后，表未来时间。

I heard that she would be back in a month.

in 1999 在1999年in November 在11月份in summer 在夏季

(4) against (表示方位)倚靠着……；(表示态度)反对；(表示对比)以……为背景

eg. An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it.(2012•陕西卷)

(5)beyond (表示程度)超出；非……所能及

Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her moving story.

(6) with

(表示关系)和……在一起；(表示状态)具有，带有；(表示方式)用……；凭借…… ；(表示对象)关于……；(表示伴随)随着；(表示原因)由于，因为

The dictionary is what I want, but I don't have enough money with me.(2010•重庆卷)

(7)表示范围的between 和among

between 一般用于两者范围之间。among 常用于三者或者三者以上范围或者数目不确定的事物之间。

eg. 1.They planted a lot of trees between the two buildings.

2. The wild animals usually hide among the trees during the daytime.

(8)表示除...之外的except, besides, except for, apart from

except表示“除...之外(其他的都)”, 其后的宾语是被排除在外的。besides表示“除...之外(其他的也)”, 其后的宾语是被排除在内的。except for 后被排除的内容与主语往往不是同一类的。apart from 意为除...之外，可包括except 和besides 两者含义。

eg. 1. All my friend took part in the exam except John.

2. He has learned German, French besides English.

3. She felt fine except for being a little tired.

4. I ate everything apart from the soup.

(9)表示支持反对的介词

against，意为反对。此外，against还有倚靠、相反、在...的衬托下、与...比赛等意思。for指在观点或者主张与某人采取一致的态度，意为赞成，同意，与in favor of 同义.

eg. Are you for or against this plan?

(10)表示方位的介词through, across, past, over

through和across 都表示穿过。through表示从内部穿过，across表示从内部穿过。past表示从旁边经过。over表示从上方跨过。

eg. 1. walk through the gate 2. drive past a supermarket 3. walk across the square 4. fly over the mountain