构词法 (一)
英语单词构词法举例(初稿) (1).
英语单词构词法举例世界上的语言种类繁多，丰富多彩，可谓争奇斗艳，百家争鸣。
有法国人自以为最美的法语，全世界最通用的英语，最具文化底蕴和历史内涵的汉语，听起来像跑步机一般的西班牙语，舌头打滚的俄语，等等。
随着改革开放的脚步，中国在现代化建设的过程中，随着对外交流的日益增加，外语的学习已成为了每个学生的必修课，甚至列入了高考。
而英语是我国普及面最广，学习人数最多的外语。
在大家学习的过程中，常常会听到这样的抱怨：“英语单词太多！”“英语单词怎么背都记不住”。
甚至有人丧失了学习的信心，说：“我没有语言天赋”。
作为一名电大的商务英语系学生，我对英语有着浓厚的兴趣，并很乐意在这里和大家探讨一下英语单词奇妙有趣的一面，揭开它神秘的面纱，相信你看完后一定会觉得，原来，不同语言之间竟存在着如此惊人的相似之处，英语单词也可以像汉字那样记忆，它并没有想象中那么深奥难学。
话不多说，让我为大家逐一道来。
首当其冲——前缀其实，单词也有偏旁部首。
有同学一定要问了，单词不就是26个字母嘛，难道单词也有偏旁部首吗？没错，汉字有，单词亦有。
一般来说，一个英语单词可以分成三个部分：前缀（prefix），词根（stem）及后缀（suffix），而位于词根前面的部分就是前缀了。
前缀的作用可不小，它往往决定单词的意义偏向。
不信，我们一起来瞧一瞧。
从种类上来看的话，常见的前缀有以下几类：第一类：表示正负（或增减）un-（表示否定）in-（表示不）non-（表示否定）dis-（表示下降）anti-（表示负）第二类：表示尺寸mini-（迷你）semi-（半）micro-（微）macro-（巨大）mega-（大）第三类：表示位置关系inter-（内）ex-（出）sub-（下）super-（上方）trans-（横穿，通过）第四类：表示时间和次序ante-（早于，在前）pre-（先于）prime-（事先）post-（在后）retro-（向后）第五类：表示数字semi-（半）mono-（单一）bi-（双）tri-（三个，三倍）multi-（多种的，多）接下来，让我们一起细看一下前缀及它的例子：一：表示否定的前缀dis-加在名词、形容词，动词之前。
考研英语语法：构词法(一)
考研英语语法：构词法（一）词是构成任何语言的基本单位，而单词毫无疑问是构成英语的基本单位。
英语单词的构成有一定的规律，这个规律就是构词法，掌握构词法知识对我们更好地理解词义、认识新词和扩大词汇量有着极其重要的意义。
英语的构词法主要有三种：合成法、转化法和派生法。
本章将逐一论述。
合成法(Compounding)合成法是指一个新词由两个或两个以上的词合成，这种单词之间可以用连字符连接，也可直接连在一起。
下面着重讲述四种词性的合成。
(一)合成名词dress shirt(礼服衬衫)draw bridge(吊桥)flash flood(暴涨的洪水)echo sounder(回声探测器)lotus eater(贪图享乐的人) sky surfing(空中冲浪)power point(电源插座) driving licence(驾驶证)(二)合成形容词trust worthy(值得信赖的)quick change(瞬变的)pug nosed(狮子鼻的)on stage(在舞台上的)mouth watering(令人垂涎的)strike bound(因罢工而停顿的)run of the mill(普通的)stand up(站立的，单口相声的)(三)合成动词rum mage(搜寻)tip toe(踮着脚走)proof read(校对)counter act(抵抗)sight read(即兴演奏乐曲)over haul(大修，仔细检查)short change(少找钱，亏待)cat nap(打盹)(四)合成副词straight way(立刻，马上)like wise(同样地)never the less(尽管如此)there fore(因此)not with standing(尽管，还是)sky high(极高地)scot free(免受惩罚，免受伤害)some how(以某种方式)转化法(Conversion)转化法是指单词词形不变，而词性却由一种词性转化为另一种词性，转化后的词义与转化前相比有时有联系，有时差异很大。
十大词性之构词法(1)
易成教育个性化辅导讲义教师姓名瞿芳学科英语上课时间讲义序号学生姓名年级组长签字日期课题名称十大词性之构词法（1）教学目标认知构词法的分类掌握常见的词缀教学重点难点熟记常见的词缀合成课前检查作业完成情况：优□良□中□差□建议__________________________________________教学过程词汇是学习语言的基础，理解和掌握构词法可以提高记忆单词的效率，有助于我们扩大词汇量。
英语构词法主要有：合成转化法、派生法、混成法，截短法和首字母缩略法，其中前三种最重要。
一、合成（Compounding）由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连词符号“一”连接，有的直接连写在一起。
合成法主要有：（1）合成名词：①n+n→nclassroom, schoolyard, spaceship, newspaper,postman, housewife, 等。
②adj +n→nmainland, blackboard,gentleman, newcomer(新来者),best-seller(畅销书),shorthand( 速记)③v+n→npickpocket(扒手),breakwater(防水堤), runway(跑道),rush-hour(高峰时间)，rubstone(磨刀石)④-ing+n→ nreading-room, waiting-room, sleeping-pill(安眼药), writing desk⑤adv / prep +n →nafternoon, onlooker(旁观者)⑥n+ing→nhandwriting(书法),sightseeing, horse riding, sun—bathing（日光浴）⑦n+adv→npasser-by (过路人) breakthrough(重大突破)get-together, turn-off(断开), ,breakdown(衰落)⑧adv+v→noutbreak(爆发), output(输出),input, downfall(垮台)⑨n+介词短语→nfather-in-law(岳父),son-in-law(女婿),command-in-chief(总司令),comrade-in-arms(战友)（2）合成形容词①adj / 数词+ n+-ed →adjone-eyed (独眼的),three-legged②adj+-ing →adjgood-looking (相貌好看的),easy-going(随和的),English-speaking,③adj+n→adjlow-price, high-class(高级的),second-hand(旧的),everyday,large-scale(大规模)④n+adj→adjlifelong(终生的),nationwide(全国性的),worldwide, world-famous,color-blind(色盲的),airsick(晕飞机的)⑤n+ 分词→adjman-made, state-owned(国有的), radio-equipped, sunburned(晒黑的)peace-loving(热爱和平的)fun-loving(爱开玩笑的)⑥adv+分词→adjwell-known, widespread (分布广的),well-informed(消息灵通的),hard-working(勤劳的) Far-reaching（深远的）long-lasting（耐用的）(3)合成动词①adv +v→voverthrow(推翻),undergo(经历),uphold(高举), overhear(无意),output(输出),input,②n+v→vsleep-walk(梦游),daydream(做白日梦),spoonfeed(填鸭式灌输),sun-bathe, mess-produce (大规模生产)③adj+v→vwhitewash(粉刷),blacklist(列入黑名单),dry-salt(干腌), deep-freeze(冷藏)(4)合成副词①adv+adv→advhowever, whenever, moreover(而且), therefore,②adj+adv→adveverywhere, nowhere, somewhere, anywhere,③n+adv→advheadfirst(头朝下),daylong(整天),nightlong(通宵)④adv+n→advdownstairs, upstairs, downhill, inside, westward, upward,(5)合成代词some, any, every, no 可与-thing –one, -body 合成代词，代词宾格(物主代词)+self(selves):something, everything, anyone nobody, yourselves, himself,二、转化（ conversion ）由一种词类转化成另一种或几种词类1．n→advLet‘s go hand in handPlease hand in your exercise books after classwater:水→浇水 place:地方→放置 land:土地→着陆design:图案→设计 seat:座位→使就座 book:书→预定2．adj→vHer room is clean and tidyShe cleans her room every dayquiet:安静的→使…静 slow:慢的→使慢下来back:后面的→支持，使后退 warm:暖和的→使暖和3．adv→vPlease sit downThe government easily downed(打倒)riot.near:附近地→靠岸 up:向上→抬起， out:在外→赶出further:更进一步地→促进4.v→nHe visited the summer palace yesterdayWe paid a visit to the scientist last weektaste:：尝起来→味道 use:：使用→用处 fly：飞行→苍蝇:cause：引起→起因 show：显示→节目 guess：猜→猜想:5.adj→nWe are very youngThe cow took good care of her young( 幼畜 )right: 正确的→权利 native:本地的→本地人major:主要的→主修科目fat:肥胖的→脂肪三、派生（derivation）由一个词根加上前缀和（或）后缀构成另一个词。
构词法(一)
有a-的词
• • • • • • • formal 正式的 typical 特别的 Moral 遵守规则的 Social社交的 Phasic 局面的 septic腐败性的 Tonal 有声调的 +a非正式的 +a 普通的 +a不遵守规则的 +a不善于交际的 +a失语的 +a防腐剂 +a无声调的
前缀dis• Dis-与动词结合，构成新的动词，描述对原 与动词结合，构成新的动词， 与动词结合 动词行为具有相反影响或起相反作用的动 作。 • 例如：disobey某人，表示不作某人叫你做 例如： 某人， 某人 的事。Obey只服从于别人加上具有相反意 的事。 只服从于别人加上具有相反意 思的dis-只不服从于某人。 只不服从于某人。 思的 只不服从于某人
有dis-的词 的词
• • • • • • • Agree 赞同 +dis表示反对 Continue继续 +dis 表示暂停 Like表示喜欢 +dis 表示不喜欢 Belive相信 +dis表示不相信 Place 固定的位置 +dis表示移动后的位置 Please请求 +dis表示让人生气的 Prove进步 +dis落后，退步
构词法（一）
Word Formation
前缀a前缀
• a- 具有 具有not表示否定，without没有或 表示否定， 表示否定 没有或 opposite相反的等一些含意，起作用是否 相反的等一些含意， 相反的等一些含意 定原词词义或表示原词词义的反面。 定原词词义或表示原词词义的反面。 • 例如：说某人apolitical只对政治感兴趣的在前面加 关心， 只对政治感兴趣的在前面加 改变词义， 上a改变词义，只对政治毫不关心的。 改变词义 只对政治毫不关心的。
学生版 构词法(一)词根补充阅读introduction and root
构词法——简介和词源那些没讲完的故事，不要让他们blowing in the wind!例6：disaster 天灾，灾难 dis（不正，偏离）+aster（星位）当时希腊人认为，星位不正便是灾难。
disastrous→灾难性的disastrously→灾难性地例7：administration 行政管理ad（表示加强）+ministr（小人，仆人）+ation（名词尾），mini—小的minister 小人，仆人古罗马大臣朝拜君主时自称为小人、仆人、奴婢（minister），其实，这些“小人”都是些大臣，部长。
所以现在的部长称“minister”，部长工作的部门为“ministry”foreign ministry→外交部ministerial→部长的部长所做的工作是为人民，为国家服务，所以有了“ministration”ministration→服务ministrant→服务员国家为了搞好管理，这种服务“ministration”需强化，所以在“ministration”之前，增加个前缀ad-（表示加强）以得政手段来加强管理，就成了“administration”。
administration 行政管理administration building 行政管理大楼例8：report 报告，汇报re（带回）+port（拿，送），把外面的消息，情总值直接带回来，报告上级reportage→新闻报道，报告文学reported→据说，传说，根据告发例9：hotel 酒店，来源于hos(house)+tele-mark（远处可以看到的标志），取其字头ho+tel=hotel, host主人，过去在主人住的房子为hos，将hos用来做旅馆，在房子前面要树一个标志，这个标志称tele-mark。
于是有了hotel，后来延续下来，hotel成为酒店。
酒店装修得都很豪华，有钱人住的地方装修的象酒店一样豪华，也称hotel（豪宅，公馆）。
三种英语基本构词法(派生、合成、转化)
英语基本构词方法一：派生法：在一个单词的前面或后面加上词缀构成新词的方法,称为派生法。
派生构词有三大要素: 词根, 前缀和后缀。
也有人称之为两大要素: 自由词素和粘附词素。
派生法的结构是:粘着词素+自由词素+粘着词素。
(一)英语词缀分成前缀和后缀两种。
前缀是加在词根或单词前面的部分。
它具有一定的含义。
同一词根或单词加上不同的前缀,即可构成不同的新词。
pre—(前):prewar (战前的) post—(后):postwar(战后的)im—(入):import (输入)前缀可以增加,改变或加强一个词根或单词的意义,也可以改变一个单词的词类。
如:增加意义:hemi-(半)→hemisphere(半球)改变意义:un-(不)→unhappy(不快乐的)加强意义:de-→describe(描写)改变词类:en-（使）→enlarge(扩大)前缀的意义主要有这几种:1)表示否定意义。
如：anti-: anticancer抗癌剂2)表示数目和数量。
如：multi-: multicolored五彩的3)表示时间、空间和程度。
如：a-: aboard在船上4)表示特殊意义。
如：auto-: autobiography自传后缀是加在词根或单词后面的部份。
后缀有四种,即:名词后缀、形容词后缀、动词后缀和副词后缀。
后缀不仅改变词的意义,而且使单词由一种词类转化成另一种词类。
1)名词后缀,它有许多种,如:表示人：-er: worker工人;teacher教师-ist: artist艺术家;chemist药剂师表示物：-or: tractor拖拉机;generator发电机-ant: disinfectant消毒剂; dependant依附物表示抽象名词: -hood: childhood童年;neighborhood邻居关系-ship: friendship友谊;horsemanship骑马术表示集合名词：-ry: peasantry农民总称;citizenry公民总称-age: mileage英里数;teenage十几岁的时期表示场所地点: -ery: piggery养猪场;greenery花房,温室-ern: saltern制盐场;cavern洞穴表示疾病: -oma: trachoma沙眼症; neuroma神经瘤-itis: bronchitis支气管炎;arthritis关节炎表示……学:：-logy: zoology动物学;anthropology人类学-ics: electronics电子学;statistics统计学2)形容词后缀表示一种事物具有或属于某种性质或状态。
英语构词法(1)
英语构词法(版权所有：吴耀武) 1.表示否定或反义的常用词缀:2.表示时间的常用词缀：3.表示数字的常用词缀:4.动词化常用词缀:5.名词化常用词缀:6.形容词化常用词缀：7.表示属性的常用词缀:8.表示方向、位置的常用词缀:9. 表示程度的常用词缀：10.其他常用词缀词根:阅读难点关键句200句（以包括译文）1. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centred on the child'sideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement.2. But it will be the driver's responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing a seat belt of some kind.3. However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing your vehicle; or you are making a localdelivery or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it.4. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it.5. Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could he slowed down.6. With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.7. Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect （智能）and emotion, and determine the human character.8. Contraction of front and side parts as cells die off was observed in some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty and seventy-year-olds.9. The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns.10. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant.11. We know that you have a high opinion of the kind of learning taught in your colleges, and that the costs of living of our young men, while with you, would be very expensive to you.12. But you must know that different nations have different ways of looking at things, and you will therefore not be offended if our ideas of this kind of education happen not to be the same as yours. 13. We are, however, not the less obliged by your kind offer, though we refuse to accept it; and, to show our grateful sense of it, if the gentlemen of Virginia will send us a dozen of their sons, we will take care of their education, teach them in all we know , and make men of them.14. In what now seems like the prehistoric times of computer history, the earth's postwar era, there was quite a wide-spread concern that computers would take over the world from man one day.15. Already today, less than forty years later, as computers are relieving us of more and more of the routine tasks in business and in our personal lives. We are faced with a less dramatic but also less foreseen problem.16. Obviously, there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to check all its answers, but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone wrong.17. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.18. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travellers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it , let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface.19. The first time that the question " What is at the bottom of the oceans?" had to be answered with anycommercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed.20. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.1、老师注重错误没错，但是如果他更注重孩子的思想的话，他失望的表现会使孩子有提高的动力。
(完整版)英语基本构词法
英语基本构词法英语最基本的构词法（word formation）有三种：派生（derivation）、合成（compounding）和转化（conversion）。
利用构词法记忆单词，可以记忆成串，举一反三。
Ⅰ.派生法派生词缀和词根结合，或者粘着词根和粘着词根结合构成单词的方法，叫做派生法(derivation)，也称作缀词法。
用派生法构成的词叫做派生词（derivative）。
派生词的词缀法是英语构词法中最活跃的一种,在英语构词的历史上发挥极其重要的作用。
另外,这种构词法也是我们可以发挥能动性借以扩大词汇量的一种构词法。
词缀分为前缀和后缀两种。
A.前缀1．表示“否定”、“相反”意义的前缀：de- decrease减少；decentralize分散；degrade降级，降低……的地位；dis- dislike不喜欢；disagree不同意；distrust不信任；disappear消失；il- illegal不合法的；illogical不合逻辑的；illegalize宣布……为非法；im- impossible不可能的；immoral不道德的；impractical不现实的；un- unwilling 不情愿的；unbelievable 难以置信的；unnecessary 不必要的等等。
2．表示时间先后的前缀ex- ex-husband前夫；ex-president前总统；fore- foretell语言；foresight先见之明，预见；foresee预见，预知；mid- midterm其中的；midnight午夜；post- postwar战后的；postgraduate研究生；postdoctoral博士后的等等。
3．表示方向位置的前缀ex- export出口；exclude把……排斥在外；external外部的；in- input输入；indoor室内的；inrush涌入；incoming进来的等等。
构词法(转换法、合成法、派生法)_定义和实例
十、构词法英语主要有三种构词法.即转化法、合成法和派生法。
（一）转化法把一个词从一种词类转化为另一种的方法称作转化法。
1．由名词转化成动词.例如：care n.照顾.当心 ------ v. 关心.担心.照顾cook n.炊事员 ------v. 烹调water n.水------v. 浇水2．由形容词转化成动词.例如：empty adj.空的------v. 使空、变空free adj. 自由的------v. 使自由right adj. 正确的------v. 改正warm adj. 温暖的------v. 热起来；使温暖wet adj. 潮湿的------v. 使潮湿3．由形容词转化成名词.例如：right adj. 正确的------n. 正确.正义.公正wrong adj错误的------n. 错误4．有一些同形异类的双音节词.作动词时重音在后.作名词时重音在前.例如:record v. [ri’k C:d] 记录.录音；record n. [’ r ek C:d] 记录.唱片有个别词.作形容词时重音在前.作动词时重音在后.例如：perfect adj. [’p∂:f ikt] 完美的；perfect v. [p∂’fekt] 使完善5．有些词.因词尾有清辅音和浊辅音的差别而属不同词类。
一般说来.词尾发清辅音的多为名词.发浊辅音的多为动词。
词尾读音不同.拼法也常不一样。
但s和th既可读作清辅音.又可读作浊辅音.因而有时没有拼法的变化。
例如：advice [∂d’v ais] n. ; advise [∂d’v aiz] v.excuse [iks’kju:s] n. ; excuse [iks’kju:z] v.use [ju:s] ; use [ju:z] v.个别词拼法稍有差别.但读音相同.例如：practice n.; practise v.还有一些词在转变为另一词类时.元音和拼法同时发生变化.例如：food [fu:d]食物 n. ; feed[fi:d]喂养.给以食物 v.有些词既可作形容词又可作动词.词形不变而读音不同.例如：live adj. [laiv]活的.活泼的; v. [liv] 活着. 生活（二）合成法两个或两个以上的词结合成一个新词的方法称作合成法。
[英语构词法(一),英语前缀] 英语构词法
![[英语构词法(一),英语前缀] 英语构词法](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/b00d25ff951ea76e58fafab069dc5022aaea46aa.png)
nti- 表示 反对，相反 po- 表示 离开，远离
he多
uto- 表示 自动、自已 bi- 表示 二个, 两
hypo- 表示 下面，次等
第1页共1页
本文格式为 Word 版，下载可任意编辑，页眉双击删除即可。
il-, ir- 辅音重复表示 不，无
non- 表示 不，非
本文格式为 Word 版，下载可任意编辑，页眉双击删除即可。
[英语构词法（一），英语前缀] 英语构词法
co- 表示 共同 ，一起 col-, cor- 在同辅音词根前, 表示 共同
- 可以说，把握了构词法英语单词就好记多了，而且碰到生疏单词也 不会一脸懵逼，以下，由我来带着你走出这个迷茫区。
b-, bs- 加在词根前,表示 相反，变坏，离去 等 b-, c-, d-, f-, g-, n-, p-, r-, s-, t- 等加在同辅音字母词根 前，表示 一再 等加强意 d- 加在单词或词根前, 表示 做....., 加强...... mphi- 表示 两个、两种 n- 在词根前, 表示 不，无 nte- 表示 前面，先
micro- 表示 微，小
milli- 表示 千，千分之一
mini- 表示 小
mis- 表示 错误，坏
multi- 表示 多，许多
neo- 表示 新的
第1页共1页
il-,ir- 表示 使.....成为，进入
ob- 表示 逆，倒，加强意义
im-, in- 表示 不，无，非
inter- 表示 在..... 之间，互相
intr- 表示 在内，内部
intro- 表示 向内，入内
kilo- 表示 一千
mcro- 表示 宏传， 大
ml-; mle 表示 坏，恶
英语中的构词法(1)
英语中的构词法摘要：word-formation or word-building is an important means of vocabulary enlargement .The expansion of the vocabulary is a common and natural pheonmenon of any language,including the English language.The English language has increased its resources not only though the adoption of words from other languages,but also through the formation of new words with the material available in the language.关键词：词素词根词干构词法一、词素（morpheme）什么是单词？单词就是可以最小独立存在。
Work是一个单词，worker也是一个单词，但是在拼写结构上是不同的，work不可以再分成更小的单词了，但worker可以被分为work和er。
再比如books desks可以在被分为语法意义上的两个元素。
这些最小的语法上的独立体叫做词素。
词素根据他们的特点可被分为自由词素和粘着词素，自由词素就是可以独立存在的单词。
如：changable。
粘着词素就是必须依附在自由词素上才可以存在。
如：national。
根据他们的语法和词汇关系可以被分为词汇词素和语法词素。
词汇词素是词素用于组成新单词作为合成词，如：blackbird。
语法词素是单词和它的语境之间的语法关系。
如：books、studied。
词素还可以被分为派生词素和曲折词素，派生词素指的是词缀类似于语法词素，曲折词素包括名词复数，所有格，时态。
二、词根(root)词根是去掉了派生词和曲折词后的部分，aer(o) = air空气 aerial空气的 / aeroplane飞机alt = high高 altitude高度anim = life生命 animal动物/ animate使…生机勃勃 / unanimous一致的 annu(enni) = year年anniversary周年纪念 / annual年度的arch(y) = rule统治anarchy无政府状态 / monarchy君主政体astro(aster) = star星astrology占星术 / astronomy天文学audi(audit) = hear听 audience听众 / audit旁听、审计aut-(auto-) = self自我autocrat专制者 / autograph亲笔/ automobile 汽车bio(bi) = life生命 biology生物学 / biotic生命的、生物的cardi = heart心cardiac心脏的 / cardinal衷心的ced(ceed,cess) = go行走 precede领先 / exceed超过 / process过程cert = certain确定的certify证实 / certificate证明书三、词基（base）词基是一个词内能够对其添加词缀的任一部分。
01 构词法要点呈现与讲解-备战2023年中考英语一轮复习语法知识+语篇能力双清(通用版)
后缀
例词
useless无用的；careless粗心的；meaningless无 less
意义的
friendly友好的；deadly致命的；weekly每星期 ly
的
dangerous危险的；glorious光荣的；famous著 ous/ious
名的
ward downward向下的；backward向后的
newborn新生的
构成方式
例词
副词＋现 hardworking勤劳的；farreaching意义深远 在分词 的
名词＋现 peaceloving热爱和平的；epochmaking划时 在分词 代的
名词＋过 stateowned国有的；heartfelt由衷的； 去分词 radioequipped装备有无线电的
在……下，次于， subway地(下)道，地铁；
sub
低于
submarine潜水艇Fra bibliotekinter
相互，之间
international国际的；interact 相互作用
前缀
含义
例词
semi
半 semifinal半决赛；semicircle半圆
multi kilo centi
multinational多国的；multi多，多种
构成方式
例词
形容词＋名 kindhearted心肠好的；coldblooded冷血的；
词＋ed
nobleminded高尚的
形容词＋现 goodlooking好看的；easygoing脾气随和的；
在分词
finesounding动听的
形容词＋过 readymade现成的；highborn出身高贵的；
(完整版)六大英语构词法详解
英语构词通常包括六种方法：转化法、派生法、合成法、混合法、截短法和首尾字母结合法。
一、【派生法】英语构词法中在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀，从而构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词的方法叫作派生法。
1.前缀除少数英语前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性；英语后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化。
(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。
例如：agree同意→disagree不同意fair公平的→unfair不公平的possible可能的→impossible不可能的understand理解→misunderstand误解(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a-(多构成表语形容词), anti- (反对；抵抗), auto- (自动), co- (共同), en- (使), inter- (互相), re- (再；又), sub- (下面的；次；小), tele- (强调距离)等。
例如：co-worker 同事，帮手enlarge 使变大cooperate 合作rewrite 重写subway 地铁2.后缀给单词加后缀也是英语构词的一种重要方法。
后缀通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。
下面仅作简单介绍。
(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence，-(e)r/ -or (从事某事的人),-ese (某地人)，-ess (雌性)，-ian (精通……的人)，-ist (专业人员)，-ment (性质；状态)，-ness (性质；状态)，-tion(动作；过程)等。
例如：differ不同于→difference区别write写→writer作家China中国→Chinese中国人act表演→actress女演员music音乐→musician音乐家(2)构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n (多用于形容词之后)，-fy (使……化)，-ize (使……成为)。
英语构词法(1) 方法
英语构词法英语构词方法主要有三种：即合成法、派生法和转化法。
1、合成法将两个或两个以上的单词合成在一起而构成的新词，叫做合成词。
（1）合成形容词①名词+现在分词例：English-speaking 讲英语的，south-facing 朝南的②名词+过去分词例：man-made 人造的，water-covered 被水覆盖的③名词+形容词例：snow-white 雪白的，day-long 整天的④形容词+名词+-ed 例：warm-hearted 热情的，kind-hearted 好心肠的⑤形容词/副词+现在分词例：good-looking 好看的 funny-looking 滑稽的⑥副词+过去分词例：well-known 出名的,deep-set(眼睛）深陷的⑦副词/形容词+名词例：right-hand 右手的，full-time 专职的⑧数词+名词例：100-meter 100米的，million-pound 百万英镑的⑨数词+名词+形容词例：180-foot-high 180英寸高的，10-year-old 10岁的⑩数词+名词+-ed 例：four-footed/legged 四脚的，one-eyed 独眼龙的（2）合成名词①名词+名词例：weekend 周末，classroom 教室，bookshop 书店②形容词/介词+名词例：gentleman 绅士，loudspeaker 扬声器③动词+名词例：typewriter 打字机，cookbook 烹调书④名词+动词例：daybreak 破晓，toothpick 牙签⑤动词-ing形式+名词例：reading-room 阅览室，sleeping-car 卧车车厢⑥副词+动词例：outbreak 爆发，downpour 倾盆大雨⑦名词+动名词例：handwriting 笔迹，sun-bathing 日光浴⑧名词+in/to0+名词例：mother-in-law 岳母，brother-in-law 姐夫（3）合成动词①副词+动词例：overthrow 推翻，understand 理解②形容词+动词例：broadcast 广播，whitewash 粉刷③名词+动词例：typewrite 打字，sleepwalk 梦游（4）合成副词①介词+名词例：underfoot 脚下，beforehand 事先②形容词+名词例：hotfoot 匆忙地，someday 有朝一日③形容词+副词例：anywhere 任何地方，outwards 向外（5）合成介词：within在……之内，without没有，inside在……里边，into进入（6）合成代词：myself我自己，ourselves我们自己，anyone任何人，nobody没有人nothing 没东西，somebody有人。
7种英语构词法(英语量化记忆法)
英语量化记忆法之7种英语构词法7种英语构词法目录7种英语构词法 (2)一、派生法 (2)二、转化法 (3)三、合成法 (6)四、逆成法 (8)五、混成法 (8)六、截短法 (9)七、首尾字母缩略法 (9)7种英语构词法一、派生法派生法：在一个单词的前面或后面加上词缀构成新词的方法，称为派生法。
派生构词有三大要素：词根、前缀和后缀。
也有人称之为两大要素：自由词素和粘附词素。
派生法的结构是：粘着词素+自由词素+粘着词素。
(一)英语词缀分成前缀和后缀两种。
前缀是加在词根或单词前面的部分。
它具有一定的含义。
同一词根或单词加上不同的前缀，即可构成不同的新词。
pre—(前)：prewar (战前的)post—(后)：postwar(战后的)im—(入)：import (输入)前缀可以增加、改变或加强一个词根或单词的意义，也可以改变一个单词的词类。
如：增加意义：hemi-(半)→ hemisphere(半球)改变意义：un-(不)→ unhappy(不快乐的)加强意义：de-→ describe(描写)改变词类：en-（使）→ enlarge(扩大)前缀的意义主要有这几种：1、表示否定意义，如：anti-: anticancer抗癌剂2、表示数目和数量，如：multi-: multicolored多彩的3、表示时间、空间和程度，如：a-: aboard在船上4、表示特殊意义，如：auto-: autobiography自传后缀是加在词根或单词后面的部份。
后缀有四种，即：名词后缀、形容词后缀、动词后缀和副词后缀。
后缀不仅改变词的意义，而且使单词由一种词类转化成另一种词类。
1、名词后缀，如：表示人：-er: worker工人; teacher教师-ist: artist艺术家; chemist药剂师表示物：-or: tractor拖拉机; generator发电机-ant: disinfectant消毒剂; dependant依附物表示抽象名词：-hood: childhood童年; neighborhood邻居关系-ship: friendship友谊; horsemanship骑马术表示集合名词：-ry: peasantry农民总称; citizenry公民总称-age: mileage英里数; teenage十几岁的时期表示场所地点：-ery: piggery养猪场; greenery花房,温室-ern: saltern制盐场; cavern洞穴表示疾病：-oma: trachoma沙眼症; neuroma神经瘤-itis: bronchitis支气管炎; arthritis关节炎表示……学：-logy: zoology动物学; anthropology人类学-ics: electronics电子学; statistics统计学2、形容词后缀：表示一种事物具有或属于某种性质或状态。
构词法(易)
构词法练习（1）（易）1.I wrote him a letter to show my ________( appreciate )of his thoughtfulness.2.The first tomb was built at the _____(begin) of the 15th century.3.Painting is a ______(create) process.4.For our homework tonight, we have to write a _____( describe) of the street where we live.5.The _____ (discover) of gold on their land made the people rapidly rich.6.I’d just like to ____(emphasis) how important it is for people to learn foreign languages.7.My grandfather is as __(energy) as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing at all.8.The first lesson was very _______(enjoy)----I liked it a lot!9.These discoveries proved the ______(exist)of a human species who lived in the area between 700,000 and 200,000 years ago.10. A smile is the universal ___________(face) expression---it is intended to put people at ease.11. Those who change mobile phones frequently will pay a heavy price for being________________(fashion).12. The committee is discussing the problem right now. It will _______(hope) have been solvedby the end of next week.13. The accused man proved his __________(innocent)of the crime.14. The government’s new scheme is designed to help the _________(job).15. The days start to __________(long) in March.16. __________(L uck), Peter didn’t get the job.17. The old man had no child so he suffered a lot from _________(lonely)18. Stop your ______________(mean) chatter, boys. You are wasting time.19. How lucky he was! He won the lottery(彩票) and now he is a __________(million).20. They had the ___________(fortune) to be hit by a violent storm.21. He lives in a __________ (mountain) district，where traffic is extremely inconvenient.22. I am so full that I couldn’t eat another ____________(mouth).23. We must pay special attention to the ___________(mystery) stranger.24. Try to act ____________(nature) , even if you are tense.25. Public spending ___________(necessary) affects the economy.26. After the race, I felt my heart beating ___________(violence).27. The baby was sleeping __________(peace).28. He showed us ___________(person) around the factory.29. It gives me great _________(please) to welcome our speaker.30. _________(Polite) costs nothing and gains everything.31. The ____________(popular) of professional sports has been increasing steadily.32. You’ll have a ____________(profession) photographer with you to take photographs.33. She has the right ____________(qualify) for the job.34. Large ___________(quantity) of fish have been caught.35. We shouldn’t have __________(race) discrimination.36. The price of this dress is ____________(reason). I can’t afford it.37. Easter is an important __________(region) and social festival in Christian countries.38. It goes without ________(say) that the proposal will be accepted.39. I left eleven years later, with my school leaving certificate, and a _(scholar) to study at Oxford.40. During _________(science) experiments, she explains exactly what is happening and as aresult my work is improving.41. There is no __________(similar) between Tom and me.42. His bad behavior cost his mother many __________(sleep) nights.43. Anger left him __________(speech).44. It was a race against time to stop people dying from ___________ (starve).45. Difficulties __________(strong) the mind, as labor does the body.46. A positive outlook is vital to dealing _________(success) with the crisis in adolescence andold age in our life.47. It is a colorless, odorless and ________ (taste) gas, slightly heavier than air.48. He knew he had behaved badly and he seemed ________ (true) sorry.49. This wounded soldier was ___________ (conscious) from his loss of blood50. It's_________ (believe)that the event repeated itself years later in the same place.51. Overpopulation is a ________(universe) problem.52. More and more people choose to shop in a supermarket as it offers a great ___(vary) of goods.53. The _______(arrive)of migrant workers into the capital had seen Beijing’s population reach17.4 million.54..Besides, many newspapers are printed daily and can offer the readers__(rely)information.55. Girls make up only a small_____(percent) of students in computer science classes.56. I live in Hollywood. You may think people in such an________(attract), fun-filled place arehappier than others. Maybe that is because you haven’t noticed the _________(happy)they’ve concealed from you.57. Ma also accepted a pair of pandas from China. In 2006, Taipei Zoo applied (申请) to host thepandas, Tuantuan and Yuanyuan, from the mainland. But the Taiwan government didn't allow their____________(apply).58. Firstly, it _________(able)the Chinese people to know more about the outside world andpromote ___________(friend)and mutual understanding.59. Loss and ___(separate)are often what you find behind a child acting out in school.60. By saving money, people give themselves more__________(secure).61. Star sapphires and other ___________(value) jewels worth a total of one million dollars are onshow behind glass.62. .If time could be turned back, allow me to take you back to December 26, 2004. ___________(tradition), it is a time for family gathering, a time for ___________(celebrate).63. Because of the __________(popular) of TV and computers, they are getting much lessexercise than before.64. “I would have no _________(object),” said the wolf, “if I could only get a place.” 65. Somepeople have the feeling that nothing can be done about their poor reading ________(able).65.An ounce of luck is better than a pound of__________(wise).66. Researchers in Italy examined the tail wagging ___________(behave)of 30 dogs, catchingtheir responses to a range of stimuli(刺激物) with video cameras.67. Another_______________(convenience) feature of the EoL is that you’ll be able to pick thelevel of detail you want to see to match your interests, age, and knowledge.68. Health problems are ________(close)connected with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise.69. You may _______(like)some types of food because they do not look, smell or taste very nice.70. What is more, it is true that computers can make________(decide), but they need detailedinstructions and programs prepared by humans to operate.71. Then they chose three Broadway tunes that focused on race, ________(equal)and social justice,the themes of the book.72. As I lined up for the start I glanced at the flag. It moved ______(gentle)now.73. Some people have the feeling that nothing can be done about their poor reading ability (能力).They feel ________(hope)about it.74. An important new study into teenage attitudes surprisingly shows that their family life ismore_________(harmony) than it has ever been in the past.75. The____________(inform)gained helped up in determining where special attention should bepaid in our course.76. In the following account, she recalls the job that challenged her ___________(imagine))andskill but left her flying high.77. A thousand words will not leave so deep an ___________(impress)as one deed.78. And I included only those books over a hundred pages in_________(long).79. Keep your eyes wide open before____________(marry), and half shut afterwards.80. Reading comprehension can’t be ____(dependent)from the knowledge of writing.81. ______________(music)often called him Pops, as a sign of respect for his influence (影响) onthe world of music.82. The northern city of Turin passed a law in April to give pet ________(own)fines of up to＄598 if they do not walk their dogs three times a day.83. So far, scientists have named about 1.8 million living species(物种),and that’s just a s mallnumber of what ___________(probable)exists on Earth.84. Men can do nothing without its____________(permit), and it fastens its young round people'swrists so that everywhere men go they are still under its control.85. The best __________(prepare)for good work tomorrow is to do good work today.86. He answered me ____________(rude)and said he would not come back.87. As his university was aware of the _________(significant)of his work, they gave him free timeto do this research.88. Cuzco is a lively city where both Indian and __(Spain)culture and art can be seen.89. The best time to visit NZ is from November to April---summer time in the________(south)hemisphere.90. Jo went to New York and became __________(succeed)in her writing and had the____________(satisfy)of seeing her work published there.91. _________(like)other camp programs that include horses as a small part of their program, atShadow Ridge horses ARE the program!92. The smell is, as usual, almost_________(bear), being a mixture of sweat, seal oil fat, and dirty underwear.构词法练习1（易）自查答案：1. appreciation2. beginning3. creative4. description5.discovery6. emphasize7. energetic8. enjoyable9. existence 10. facial 11. fashionable 12. hopefully 13. innocence 14. jobless 15. lengthen 16. unluckily17. loneliness 18. meaningless 19. millionaire 20. misfortune 21. mountainous 22. mouthful23. mysterious24. naturally 25. necessarily 26. violently 27. peacefully 28. personally 29. pleasure 30. Politeness 31. popularity32. professional 33. qualification 34. quantities 35. racial 36. unreasonable 37. religious38. saying39. scholarship40. scientific 41. similarity 42. sleepless 43. speechless 44. starvation 45. strengthen 46. successfully 47. tasteless 48. truly 49. unconscious 50. unbelievable 51. universal 52. variety 53. arrival 54. reliable 55. percentage56. attractive / happiness 57. applications 58. enables /friendship 59. separation60. security 61. valuable 62.Traditionally / celebrations 63. popularity 64. objection / ability 65. wisdom 66. behaviour 67. convenient 68.closely 69.dislike 70.decisions71.equality72. gently 73. hopeless 74.harmonious rmation 76.imagination 77. impression 78. length 79. marriage 80. independent 81.Musicians 82.owners 83. probably 84.permission85.preparation 86.rudely 87.significance 88.Spanish 89.southern 90.successful 91.Unlike 92.unbearable。
构词法(经典)
构词法一．合成法词汇是英语学习者的主要障碍之一。
英语构词法可以帮助我们正确辨认单词的词形、词性和理解词意, 并迅速扩大词汇量, 是学习英语的有效途径。
合成法：两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词的构词方法称为合成法。
1. 复合名词的主要构成方式有：(1)名词+名词如：newspaper报纸teamwork 协作(2)形容词+名词如：blackboard 黑板highway 公路(3)副词+名词如：overcoat大衣underground 地铁(4)名词+介词短语如：father-in-law岳父mother-in-law 岳母2. 复合动词的主要构成方式：(1)副词+动词如：update更新overlook 忽视(2)名词+动词如：sun-bathe日光浴proof-read 校对3. 复合代词的主要构成方式：(1)代词宾格或物主代词+self/selves如: ourselves , itself(2)某些不定代词+body/ thing / one如: nobody, everything.4. 复合形容词的主要构成方式：(1)名词+形容词如：colour-blind色盲的(2)副词+形容词如：over-sensitive过敏的(3)名词+分词如：hand-made手工制作的(4) 形容词+名词如：good-looking好看的(5) 副词+分词如：well-meant好意的outstanding 出色的(6) 形容词+名词如：gentleman 绅士greengrocer 水果商(7)形容词+名词+ -ed如：ill-mannered 不礼貌的(8)数词+名词+(-ed)如：two-faced两面派的one-sided 片面的(9)名词+名词+-ed如：iron-willed有钢铁意志的5. 复合副词的主要构成方式：(1)名词+名词, 如：sideways向旁边(2)名词+副词, 如：headfirst头朝下(3)形容词+名词, 如：meanwhile同时(4)介词+名词, 如：beforehand事先一、请找出下列句中的合成词, 并说明构成的类型并指出其意义。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
• 2). 合成形容词 • man-made, blue-eyed, up-to-date, middle-aged, three-legged, warm-hearted, five-year-old • 3). 合成动词 • broadcast, overthrow • 4). 合成副词 • everywhere, whenever, somewhere, however • 5). 合成代词 • something, anything, nobody, somebody, himself, anyone
• 2.转化 • 单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性或几种 词性，而词形不变 • A, 名词转化为动词 • hand, 手， 递交 • smoke, 烟，吸烟 • face, 脸，面对 • ship, 轮船，船运
• • • • • • • • • •
2). 形容词转化为动词 clean, 干净的， 打扫 empty, 空的， 倒空 calm, 平静的， 使····平静 · · lower, 较低的， 降低 3).动词转化为名词 love, 爱， 爱 smell, 嗅，气味 answer, 回答，答案 taste, 尝，味道
构词法 （一）
• 很多英语单词的构成有一定的规律，这种 规律称为构词法
• 在英语中，词的构成方法主要有三种：合 成、转化和派生 • 1. 合成 • 由两个或多个词合成一个词，有的合成词 用连字符“—”连接，有点直接连写在一起， 还有的由分开的两个词构成
• 1). 合成名词 • bedroom, blackboard, bookshop, boyfriend, daytime, football, hometown, homework, cellphone, footprint, playground, teapot. • reading-room, passer-by, self-improvement • post office, writing desk, bus driver