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• Although Churchill's role in the Second World War had generated much support for him amongst the British population, he was defeated in the 1945 election. Many reasons for this have been given, key among them being that a desire for post-war reform was widespread amongst the population and that the man who had led Britain in war was not seen as the man to lead the nation in peace.
Military service
• After Churchill left Harrow in 1893, he applied to attend the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. It took three attempts before he passed the entrance exam; he applied for cavalry（骑兵）rather than infantry（步兵） because the grade requirement was lower and did not require him to learn mathematics, which he disliked. He graduated eighth out of a class of 150 in December 1894, and although he could now have transferred to an infantry regiment as his father had wished, chose to remain with the cavalry and was commissioned as a Cornet(Second Lieutenant) in the 4th Queen's Own Hussars （第四女王私人轻骑兵队）on 20 February 1895.In 1941, he received the honour of being appointed Colonel of the Hussars.
Cultivating a Hobby
Group Members: Duan Chen-xi He Yao Li Ang Liu Chun-xiao Sun Chan
Introduction of Winston Churchill
• Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was a British politician and statesman known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during the Second World War.He is widely regarded as one of the great wartime leaders. He served as prime minister twice (1940–45 and 1951–55). A noted statesman and orator, Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, a historian, writer, and an artist. To date, he is the only British prime minister to have received the Nobel Prize in Literature, and the first person to be recognised as an honorary citizen of the United States.
The Second World War ends
• In June 1944, the Allied Forces（盟军） invaded Normandy and pushed the Nazi forces back into Germany on a broad front over the coming year. After being attacked on three fronts by the Allies, Germany was eventually defeated. On 7 May 1945 at the SHAEF（盟国远征军最高统帅部） headquarters in Rheims（兰斯，法国东北部城市） the Allies accepted Germany's surrender. On the same day in a BBC news flash John Snagge announced that 8 May would be Victory in Europe Day.[173] On Victory in Europe Day, Churchill broadcast to the nation that Germany had surrendered and that a final cease fire on all fronts in Europe would come into effect at one minute past midnight that night.
Political isolation
• The Conservative government was defeated in the 1929 General Election. Churchill did not seek election to the Conservative Business Committee, the official leadership of the Conservative MPs. Over the next two years, Churchill became estranged from the Conservative leadership over the issues of protective tariffs（保护性关 税） and Indian Home Rule and by his political views and by his friendships with press barons（报业巨头）, financiers and people whose characters were seen as dubious. When Ramsay MacDonald formed theNational Government in 1931, Churchill was not invited to join the Cabinet. He was at the low point in his career, in a period known as "the wilderness years".
• He spent much of the next few years concentrating on his writing, including Marlborough: His Life and Times—a biography of his ancestor John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough—and A History of the English Speaking Peoples，Great Contemporaries and many newspaper articles and collections of speeches. He was one of the best paid writers of his time.His political views, set forth in his 1930 Romanes Election and published as Parliamentary Government and the Economic Problem (republished in 1932 in his collection of essays "Thoughts and Adventures") involved abandoning universal suffrage（普选权）, a return to a property franchise, proportional representation （比例代表制）for the major cities and an economic sub parliament'
First term as prime minister
• "Winston is back" • After the outbreak of the Second World War, on 3 September 1939 the day Britain declared war on Germany, Churchill was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty and a member of the War Cabinet（战时内 阁）, just as he had been during the first part of the First World War. When they were informed, the Board of the Admiralty sent a signal to the Fleet: "Winston is back". In this job, he proved to be one of the highest-profile ministers during the so-called "Phoney War"（静坐战）, when the only noticeable action was at sea. Churchill advocated the pre-emptive occupation of the neutral Norwegian iron-ore port of Narvik and the iron mines in Kiruna, Sweden, early in the war. However, Chamberlain （张伯伦） and the rest of the War Cabinet disagreed, and the operation was delayed until the successful German invasion of Norway.