Confessions of a Miseducated Man para.6-7 and Paraphrase
confessions of a miseducated man课件
confessions of a miseducated man课件课件：Confessions of a Miseducated Man教学内容1.理解《Miseducation of a Miseducated Man》的主要观点和论据2.探讨作者反思自身受教育方式的背景和原因3.分析作者表达的教育问题和潜在解决方案教学准备1.电脑或投影仪2.课件PPT3.课本或相关材料教学目标1.理解作者对教育系统的质疑和批评2.分析作者受教育方式的局限性3.探讨如何改进教育体制和个人学习方式设计说明本节课主要通过讨论和分析文本《Confessions of a Miseducated Man》来引导学生思考现代教育的问题及改进方案。
学生将通过阅读文本、提出问题和开展小组讨论来深入理解作者的观点，并能够主动思考如何应对这些教育挑战。
教学过程1.导入 (5分钟)–介绍《Confessions of a Miseducated Man》的背景和作者–引发学生思考并讨论：“教育的目标是什么？是否能够满足每个学生的需求？存在哪些问题？”2.阅读与理解 (15分钟)–学生阅读《Confessions of a Miseducated Man》一文–学生记录关键观点和引起共鸣的论据3.小组讨论 (20分钟)–分成小组，让学生分享他们的关键观点和论据，并互相讨论–引导学生提出问题和思考：作者认为哪些方面导致他受到错误的教育？这些问题是否普遍存在？4.教师讲解 (15分钟)–教师总结学生讨论的观点和问题–分析作者受教育方式的局限性，让学生意识到教育系统的问题5.解决方案探讨 (20分钟)–学生讨论并提出改进教育体制的解决方案–引导学生思考如何改变个人学习方式以适应现代社会的需求6.总结和展望 (5分钟)–教师总结本课程的主要内容和思考点–鼓励学生继续思考教育问题，并提出自己的看法和解决方案课后反思本节课通过阅读、讨论和思考，引导学生深入理解《Confessions of a Miseducated Man》一文所表达的教育问题，并激发学生对教育改革的思考。
Lesson 12-book 2 Confession of a Miseducated Man 现代大学英语第二册课件
16. preference
E.g. Do you have any ~ as to what kind of pizza we should order?
Shawn has a ~ for athletic women. have no strong / particular ~ =not prefer one
a work of great scholarship 3) all the people in a particular group: a magazine
with a readership of 9000 4) used to form particular titles for people: your
ladyship
municate
1) exchange information: ~ by e-mail / ~ with each other using sign language
2) express: She unintentionally ~d her anxiety to her son.
3) understand: Jack and I just are not ~ing anymore.
4) pass (a disease) from one to another: Doctors are doing research into how the virus is ~d.
Communication, communicative, communicable
星系 太阳系 银河 恒星 行星
卫星 彗星 流星雨 星座
5. a bird’s-eye view of the world: a very general view of the world, a view
unit 9词汇_英语学习_外语学习_教育专区
Unit9 Confessions of a Miseducated Man1. (para.1)in the nature ofsimilar to sth; a type of sth; in the style of sth与…类似；…之类；以…风格e.g.His speech was in the nature of apology.他的话也就是道歉★in the nature of things(in the way that things usually happen)理所当然的；自然的e.g. Of course, in the nature of things, and with a lot of drinking going on, people failed to notice.当然了，事出必然，酒酣之间人们没有注意到。
补充:against nature(not natural/moral)有违天性的，不道德的back to nature(to return to a simple kind of life in the country ,away from cities)回归自然，返璞归真★confession①a signed statement by someone in which they admit that they have committed a particular crime. 供状They forced him to sign a confession.他们强迫他签了供状。
②the act of admitting that you have done something that you are ashamed of or embarrassed about. 承认I have a confession to make.我要作个坦白。
③Your beliefs or feelings, you publicly tell people that this is what you believe or feel. (对信念、情感的) 表白Jane's confession of love.塔蒂安娜的爱的表白。
B2-U9 Confessions of a Miseducated Man
7
Confessions of a Miseducated Man
Author
Time
Background
Genre
Culture Tips
8
Author
Norman Cousins
1915-1990
9
Some of his life history possibly related to the essay
What is a confession?
• a formal statement that you’ve done sth. wrong or illegal; • a private statement to a priest about the bad things you’ve done
3
miseducated & uneducated
10
Background
What is world federalism?
• "This is the essence of world federalism: to seek to invest legal and political authority in world institutions to deal with problems which can only be treated at the global level ...." • World Federalism means having democratically accountable political institutions to deal with issues at the most appropriate level, according to the principle of subsidiarity, e.g. Thus local decisions should be taken at local level, national decisions at national level, and global decisions at global level. • (/~ucfbiac/World%20Federalism. htm)
Unit 9教案 Confessions of a Miseducated Man教学文案
U n i t9教案C o n f e s s i o n s o f a M i s e d u c a t e d M a nUnit 9 Confessions of a Miseducated ManTeaching Aims:Students will be able to:1) Knowledge and SkillsDevelop reading skills-understand the main idea，structure of the text， and the skillsof reading for specific information-scanning; all but, not that…but that, rise to, wipe out, instruct sb. in, act on, respond to, etc.2) CultureLearn about relationship and globalization and education; tribalism, regionalism, racism; cultural differences and similarities; common concerns and issues of human being3) EmotionBe well aware of the similarities and differences in all kinds of cultures;Have a critical view of the ideas posed by the author towards “mis-educated”Warming-up Questions: --Understanding of the title1. What is a confession?-----It’s a formal statement that you’ve done sth. wrong or illegal;It’s a private statement to a priest about the bad things you’ve done;2. What’s the difference between being Miseducated and Uneducated?-----A miseducated person is one who has received formal education but is educated in a wrong way. An uneducated person is one who has received no formal school education.3. How do you predict the topic of the essay?4. How would you relate the issue of this essay to that of Another School Year—What For? and The Green Banana?About the Author—Norman Cousins (1915-1990)Some of his life history possibly related to the essay•Born in New Jersey, educated in and graduated from Columbia University Teachers College;•Editor of Saturday Review for 35 yrs;•Lifelong concerns include world peace, world governance, justice, human freedom, health, etc.; Proponent of world federalism and world government;What is world federalism?• World Federalism means having democratically accountable political institutions to deal with issues at the most appropriate level, according to the principle of subsidiary.In the book, Cousins expanded his arguments for world federalism and for a world no longer based on the supremacy of nationalism and other superficial differences as follows: “The new education must be less concerned with sophistication than compassion. It must recognize the hazards of tribalism. It must teach man the most difficult lesson of all—to look at someone anywhere in the world and be able to see the image of himself. The old emphasis upon superficial differences that separate peoples must give way to education for citizenship in the human community. ”Cf. Para. 7And he continued,“With such an education and with such self-understanding, it is possible that some nation or people may come forward with the vital inspiration that men need no less than food. Leadership on this higher level does not require mountains of gold or thundering propaganda. It is concerned with human destiny. Human destiny is the issue. People will respond.”Cf. Para. 11He concluded the book with:“War is an invention of the human mind. The human mind can invent peace with justice.”Background information:1.Globalization and education (全球化与教育)Generally speaking, globalization is the rapid increase in cross-border economic, social, and technological exchange. It is also defined as a process leading to greater interdependence and mutual awareness among economic, political and social units in the world. According to Rosenau, globalization can be described as the emergence of altered global structures and driven by a skill revolution, an organization explosion, and a continuous flow of ideas, money, goods, and people that is rendering long-standing territorial boundaries increasingly obsolete and fostering an extensivedecentralization of authority.Education systems can also be seen as the core of the globalization process. At present, governments are trying to compete on the global markets by placing thefocus of policy on education to produce the “human capital” most appealing to global competition. Rinne(瑞尼) emphasized that educational policy has become an ever more important part than economic, trade, labor and social policy in westerncountries.Genre: ArgumentationThe author’s view:1) To prepare oneself for this new world, we must all be re-educated because so far the education we’ve received only tells us the differences among peoples, which are superficial, one-sided, and misleading. Education about differences may be useful for tourists, but it is useless if we really want to understand other people.2) A proper education should tell us that there are more similarities than differences among peoples. The differences are insignificant whereas the similarities are essential and fundamental. These similarities mean that we have the same needs, face the same problems and poses the same potentialities to solve these problems. We can be equal members of the international community and learn to live happily together with mutual respect.3) Over-emphasis on differences can easily lead to racism, colonialism, and imperialism---all tribalism in its varied forms.Critical View:Para 4 “… that the principal significance of such differences was that they were largely without significance”.---Proper understanding of the differences is extremely important too. Without this, mutual respect is impossible. Differences don’t divide us. It is the wrong attitude toward our differences that turn us into bitter enemies.4) People can learn not only to accept, but also to treasure diversities. They can gradually realize that people can be different but equal. They can learn from each other and benefit from these differences. Without these differences, there would be no point of international communication.Critical view: Mis-educated--→ Half-educatedStructure Analysis:Part I (paras.1-4) In what way was I miseducated?The education I received concentrated on differences and ignored similarities.Part II (paras.5-7) Why was this education inadequate?An education in differences cannot meet the needs of the age we are living in.Part III (paras.8-10) What kind of education do we need?We need an education with emphasis on the common needs of humanity.Part IV (para. 11) What will this new education possibly bring about?A nation may come forward to play a leading role in humanity’s efforts to solve its problems.Text Analysis➢What marks the differences between the world in 1850 and the world now?➢Why is “Asia and Africa” the best place to apply the test?➢What does the author’s education teach him? Give examples.➢Why does he say that his education “protected me against surprise”?➢What does the education fail to teach him? Do you agree with him?Part I (1-4) In what way was I miseducated?Para 2 Question:1) What kind of test does the author suggest?2)Why is “Asia and Africa” the best place to apply the test?Language Focus1.Distinguish between “enough, sufficient, adequate.”adequate 表示足够的程度比enough, sufficient低，表示“刚够，刚好（only just enough）”。
第九单元 课文分析Confession of a Miseducated Man
Part 1 (Paras.
Part 2 (Para. Part 3 (Para.
8 9
):
): However different peoples may be, they
are united in their humanness, in their basic human faculties and gifts.
Confession of miseducated man The test of education The significance of old education The failure of old education The importance of similarities The knowledge of similarities The new education The respect for life and faculties
What had my education failed to do? What is the simplest reality in the world? What is the significance of this simple reality?
In those respects my education had been more than adequate.
Incomplete sentence
as… Adverbial clause of manner
The structure of the paragraph 3
What did the our education prepare to us ?
Key sentence Explanation Exemplification Conclusion
unit12 Confessions of a Miseducated Man说课稿
Confessions of a Miseducated Man的教学说课稿By 杨新如一、An Introduction to the Text：In this article, in order to emphasize the importance of understanding the similarities among peoples, the author deliberately played down the importance of understanding their differences. This really was not necessary. In fact mutual understanding of these differences is absolutely vital for mutual respect. Only by a clear understanding of such differences can we learn to put them in proper context and benefit from each others’ accomplishments.Differences do not divide us. It’s the wrong attitude toward the differences that divides us. The author’s condemnation of tribalism in all its forms as the cause of our misconception is very eloquent. The danger of doing terrible wrongs in the name of nationalism or patriotism cannot be underestimated. But there is also the danger of using globalization as an excuse to encroach upon other countries' sovereign rights. The existence of modern nations is a historical fact. It has to be redefined, yes. But in a world where many nations are still fighting for their basic rights, and indeed, where many peoples still do not have their own nations, to talk about limiting national sovereignty is risky.二、文章结构与内容简介:全文可以分为三个部分。
课文分析ConfessionofaMiseducatedMan课堂
The respect for humanity The concern for human destiny
?
Байду номын сангаас
4
I. Text Analysis
Structure of the Text
The old education focusing on cultural differences should give way to the new one emphasizing the
The respect for the mutual faculties
The respect for humanity The concern for human destiny
?
6
Paragraph one
? These notes are in the nature of confession.
? In the nature of : similar essentially ; similar in nature,
?
kind of
? He is in the nature of a kind man.
7
? repetition : ? to strengthen the rhetorical effect
Confession of miseducated man The test of education The significance of old education The failure of old education The importance of similarities The knowledge of similarities The new education The respect for life and faculties
lesson12_warm-up
Script
WB T L E
To be continued on the next page.
Lesson 12—Confessions of a Miseducated Man
I. Will Globalization Lead the Way to…?
Will globalization lead the way to…?
1. Global wealth doubled from $14 trillion to $28 trillion in one decade. _____ 2. According to the World Bank, this wealth has reduced global poverty. _____ 3. Almost one fourth of the world’s population (1.2 billion people) lives on less than $1 per day, the measure for extreme poverty. _____ 4. Almost 50% of the world’s population lives on less than $2 a day, the measure for poverty. _____
confessions of a miseducated man读后感
confessions of a miseducated man读后感
最近看到很多文章，比如羽然袅袅的《专VS博》，再比如英语课文上的文章《Confessions of a Miseducated Man 》，都是讲关于教育的事情，读完我很有感触，于是就谈一谈我关于我受到的教育的反思。
我的教育并没有让我准备好在这个15亿人口的大国中生活。
学校中的社会很单纯，但是当我高考结束，填报志愿时，我第一次感觉到了无助。
我并不了解各个大学是怎样的情况，不了解专业发展前景。
这让我整个报志愿的过程都极其仓促。
我不是说我受到的教育是失败的。
九年义务教育确实教给我很多知识：历史上的的优秀文章；党的革命道路；上个世纪的科学仪器以及原理——总归不是现在的。
我对于现在的军事、国家的政治可以说是一无所知。
甚至于我最喜欢的画画——我没有专业系统的学习过，但是美术课上老师也没有认真教过我——我也可以说是一无所知的。
我想，对于现在的国情，这样的教育体系从某种程度上还是合适的，“存在即合理”这句话还是有道理的。
那么就需要学生自己在课余时间去主动寻找信息。
可现在我打开手机看到的不是科学的进步，不是国家政治矛盾。
充斥在我手机中的信息80%是娱乐圈中的儿女情长；10%是娱乐圈中某明星作为反面典型、吸毒犯法而依然很红；1%是网友力挺揭露真
相的人；其余的9%是淘宝以及各种各样的优惠券。
我无法和Norman一样提出一个正确的教育方法，我连自己都完善不了。
所以我只能在我的文字中抱怨、反思，然后努力把自己培养成一个全面的人，和一个专业于一些知识的人。
Confessions of a Miseducated Man
Paraphrase
A
8
Give force to
使…更有力，有力地，充分地，有效地 Powerfully，adequately，effectively
❤
A
9
Seek to
• 试图，设法 • To try to do sth • In an attempt to do • Manage to do
• We have to admit and accept these differences, but it isn’t enough. If we don’t go further to explore it, the efforts we spent will be in vain.
❤
A
18
get through
• For the sake of feeling at ease when I was travel any other places in the world, I had to forget the things my education had taught me to keep in mind.
Norman Cousins
Confessions of a Miseducated Man
Group 4
A
1
Paragraph 5
As I write this, I have the feeling that my words fail to give force to the idea they seek to express. Indeed, the idea itself is a truth which all peoples readily accept even if they do not act on it. Let me put it differently, then. In order to be at home anywhere in the world, I had to forget the things I had been taught to remember.
confession-of-a--miseducated-man作者介绍
2021/6/3
7
• Cousins was a tireless advocate(支持者) for
world peace. His books on the subject of peace include Who Speaks for Man?(《谁为人类代 言?》) .
• In his later years ,he devoted much writing and
2021/6/3
Born in West Hoboken（霍博肯） New Jersey（新西泽州)
an American political journalist, author, professor, and world peace advocate
3
2021/6/3
4
Theodore Roosevelt High Schoolcated Man
魏翔宇 2021/6/3 By:
1
The introduction of the author
2021/6/3
2
Norman Cousins
诺曼·卡曾斯
June 24, 1915 – November 30, 1990
Nationality : America
study to the issues of illness and healing from
his own experience,writing some books such as Anatomy of an Illness（《笑退病魔》），The Healing Heart(《爱的治疗力量》) and Heart First:The Biology of Hope(《头脑优先：希望生 物学》)。
第九单元-课文分析Confession-of-a-Miseducated-ManPPT课件
The theme of the passage
.
1
The theme of the passage
Cultural differences ---------------cultural similarities
.
2
The theme of the passage
The respect for the mutual faculties
The respect for humanity The concern for human destiny
.
4
I. Text Analysis
Structure of the Text
The old education focusing on cultural differences should give way to the new one emphasizing the
To prepare ourselves for this new world, we must all be re-educated so that we will be able to understand that there are more similarities than differences among peoples. The differences are superficial and insignificant whereas the similarities are essential and fundamental. Similarities will wipe out all the differences. These similarities enable all of us to be equal members in this global village and to live happily with mutual respect.
现代大学英语精读2Unit 9 confessions of a miseducated man PPT
religion
犹太教Judaism 基督教Christianity 新教Protestant 天主教Catholicism 伊斯兰教Islam 佛教Buddhism 道教Taoism、Daoism 印度教Hinduism
ed to say that sth happens immediately after sth else happens（表示 接连发生）一…就… E.g. :I had scarcely put the phone down when the doorbell rang.
教学相长
• Better untaught than ill taught. 宁可不受教育也强于受坏的教育。
•A teacher affects eternity; he can never tell where his influence stops.
(H . B. Adams, American historian)
Visual : adj. 视力的；视觉பைடு நூலகம் v. To form a picture of sb./sth. in one’s mind 使形象化；想象；构思；构想；设想
Part two Background
•Famous Saying
•Teaching others teaches yourself.
结果； 在…上挑起争论；
考研/CET6/CET4/GRE/TOEFL/IELTS
• Loyalty : n.忠诚，忠实； 忠心； 忠于…感情
CET6/CET4/考研
• Mutuality：n.相互关系，相关
• mutual help互相帮助，mutual love相爱，mutual fund共同基金，mutual exclusion互斥
lesson 12Text A Confessions of a Miseducated Man 教学设计教案
（一）教学设计表（二）课堂教学实录In this article, in order to emphasize the importance of understanding the similarities among peoples, the author deliberately played down the importance of understanding their differences. This really was not necessary. In fact mutual understanding of these differences is absolutely vital for mutual respect. Only by a clear understanding of such differences can we learn to put them in proper context and benefit from each others’ accomplishments.Differences do not divide us. It’s the wrong attitude toward the differences that divides us. The author’s condemnation of tribalism i n all its forms as the cause of our misconception is very eloquent. The danger of doing terrible wrongs in the name of nationalism or patriotism cannot be underestimated. But there is also the danger of using globalization as an excuse to encroach upon other countries' sovereign rights. The existence of modern nations is a historical fact. It has to be redefined, yes. But in a world where many nations are still fighting for their basic rights, and indeed, where many peoples still do not have their own nations, to talk about limiting national sovereignty is risky.第一节课1.Pre-class activities:1) Students discuss in groups: Globalization: Threat or Opportunity (5分钟)2) Ss’ presentation on the topic: Globalization: Threat or Opportunity （5分钟）blanks.）(5分钟)2. T’s leading in to the text:1) Introduction of the text: (2分钟)3）Text appreciation (15分钟)a. The theme of the textb. Global reading of Text A第二节课4）The structure of the text. Students work in pairs to give the main idea of each part.（15分钟)5）Students skim and scan the text and try to retell the text.（20分钟）6） Background information. ( 3分钟)3． Home assignments: (2分钟 )。
confessions of a miseducated man Introduction
Theme Comprehension
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences to grasp the main ideas of the article. differences 2. The ___________ the traditional education has emphasized are not important today. Today it is the similarities ________ that we ought to know. But our education has failed to teach us that. 3. The reason why the seminaries should also be emphasized is simple. The world has become one little community ____________. We remote or separated are no longer so ______________ from each other. We have more and more in common. If we do not understand this, today’s problems we will not be able to deal with _____________, and we will live in it not be able to _______. Our greatest threat today is tribalism ___________ in all its disguised forms.
Theme Comprehension
篇章翻译Confessions
篇章翻译Confessions of a Miseducated Man 英汉对照These notes are in the nature of a confession. It is the confessionof a miseducated man.下⾯的这段⽂字是⼀篇⾃⽩，是⼀个受到错误教育的⼈的⾃⽩。
I have become most aware of my lack of a proper education wheneverI have had the chance to put it to the test. The test is a simpleone: am I prepared to live in and comprehend a world in which thereare 3 billion people? Not the world as it was in 1850 or 1900, forwhich my education might have been adequate; but the world today.And the best place to apply that test is outside the country -especially Asia orAfrica.每当我有机会检验我所受到的教育，我都会异常清醒地认识到它的不当之处。
测验很简单：在这个有三⼗多亿⼈⼝的世界上⽣存并理解它，我真的准备好了吗？是今天这个世界，⽽不是1850年或1900年的那个世界；我受到的教育对那时的世界可能已经⾜够。
实⾏这项测验的最佳地点是在国外——尤其是在亚洲或⾮洲。
Not that my education was a complete failure. It prepared mesuperbly for a bird's-eye view of the world. It taught me how torecognize easily and instantly the things that differentiate oneplace or one people from another. Geography had instructed me indifferences of terrain, resources, and productivity. Comparativeculture had instructed me in the differences of background andgroup interests. Anthropology had instructed me in the differencesof facial bone structure, skin pigmentation, and general physicalaspect. In short, my education protected me against surprise. I wasnot surprised at the fact that some people lived in mud huts andothers in bamboo cottages on stilts; or that some used peat forfuel and others dung; or that some enjoyed music with a five-notescale and others with twelve; or that some people were vegetarianby religion and others by preference.我的意思不是说我所受的教育彻底的失败了。
Confessions of a Miseducated Man
e.g.
• The film compresses several years into half an hour .这 电影将几年的事压缩到半小时内。
bear/have some /no ~ to sth 与某物有关/无关 In/with reference to sb/sth 关于某人某事 without reference to sb/sth 不考虑某人 For future reference 以供日后参考
V. refer :a .~ to sb /sth 提到 涉及某人某事 b. ~to sth /sb 像某物某人咨询 refer to a dictionary ,an expert 查字典 询问专家 c. ~sb / sth to sb/sth 将某人/某物交给某人/某物以寻求帮助
有以前的雇主写的很好的证明书。 He made pointed references to the recent scandal. 他 有针对性地提到最近的丑闻。 This has no reference to what we were discussing.这与我
们所讨论的无关
6
specific
(b) shared by two or more people 共同的，共享的 1. our mutual friend 我们共同的朋友 2. a mutual admriation
Society 一个相互吹捧的社会 adv . mutually
e.g.
The idea of family, mutuality, the sharing of benefits and burdens for the good of all. 这就是家庭、共同性、为所有人的利益分享收益，分 担负担。
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tribalism
[英] [ˌtraɪbəlɪzəm] [美] [ˌtraɪbəˌlɪzəm] n. the state of living together in tribes 部落制，部落的特征，部落文化； 派性 The loyalties they create, evoke, or reflect are steeped in humanity's characteristic tribalism. 它们所创造 、 唤起或者表现出的忠诚都深深地扎根 于人类特有的部落文化.
Voice
The cat ate the fish. The fish was eaten by the cat.
active passive
Some verbs cannot be used in passive form. For example: arrive, come, cry, die, go, sleep and
remoteness
[英] [rɪˌməʊtnəs] [美] [rɪˌməʊtnəs] n.the property of being remote 遥远 Despite its remoteness, the museum attracted 79305 visitors in 1997. 该博物馆虽然地点偏僻，但年内仍吸引游人79305 人次。
Clauses
E.g
Motorcycle racing is a dangerous sport. It is enjoyed by many young people. Motorcycle racing is a dangerous sport which is enjoyed by many young people. The cat loved a mouse. The mouse was beautiful. The cat loved a mouse that was beautiful.
Synonyms
More than half of the women who attended the oneday meeting were in business with their spouses(丈 夫).
The majority of the women who went to the one-day conference were in business with their husbands.
refine
[英] [rɪˌfaɪn] [美] [rɪˌfaɪn] 提炼； 改善； 使高雅 v. improve or perfect by pruning or polishing We shall have to refine on our methods of advertising. 我们得进一步改进做广告的方法。
Words Practice
far-flung overnight
persists refine compressed comprehend
Fill out the blanks with the given words.
1. She failed to __________ the seriousness of the comprehend situation.
Long and wordy: Researchers conducted an investigation into the problem. Better: Researchers investigated the problem. Make the sentence short!
Conjunctions
comprehend
[英] [ˌkɒmprɪˌhend] [美] [ˌkɑmprɪˌhɛnd verb.(often used in negative sentences 常用于否定句 )(formal) to understand sth fully 理解；领悟；懂 She could not comprehend how someone would risk people's lives in that way. 她不明白怎么会有人竟拿人们的生命那样去冒险。
Practice
Paraphrase the following sentences. For tribalism had persisted from earlier times, though it had taken refined forms.
这种部落主义源自远古时代，直到现在也依然存在，尽管 形式上有种种新的包装。 Tribalism emerged from earlier times, and existed till now. The form of tribalism has varied with the time.
Practice
Paraphrase the following sentences.
But it wasn’t the type of knowledge you had to live by and build on.
但是这种知识并不是人们的行为准则和行动的出发点。
But such knowledge you possess wasn’t the thing you can depend on to make a living and develop your own life.
very quickly; suddenly a mention of an occurrence or situation remove impurities or unwanted elements the act or process of trying to achieve equal rights and status. distant or remote; widely distributed being far away from other places or people grasp mentally; understand the state of being organized in, or advocating for, a tribe or tribes. recognition of one's own self condition or state of reciprocity or sharing.
2. Our success is not won _________. overnight 3. Thanksgiving, the third Thursday in November, is time for ___________ families to join around a far-flung common table. 4. Reading good books helps to _______ one’s refine speech. persists 5.On the top of very high mountains snow ________ throughout the year. compressed 6.They __________ two-month’s work into one.
walk.
Have a try
My mother washes the floor every Saturday. The floor was washed by mother every Saturday.
Nominalization
Long and wordy: You have to give us your decision by tomorrow. Better: You have to decide by tomorrow.
E.g The students went to school. They did not want to go to school. The students went to school but they did not want to. Subordinate conjunctions words after, although, as, as if, because, before, even if, even though for, if, if only, rather than, since, that, though, unless, until, when, where, whereas, wherever, whether, which, while
relative pronouns
which, that or who.
Definitiict(裁决，判决) surprised everyone in the courtroom. 法官在法庭上的判决使每个人都感到惊讶。
The judge’s final decision surprised everyone in the courtroom.
refrence
[英] [ˌrefrəns] [美] [ˌrɛfərəns, ˌrɛfrəns] n.1.a book to which you can refer for authoritative facts;参 考书 3.the act of referring or consulting;提及，涉及 v.refer to;引用； 参照 We spent days going through all related reference material. 我们花了好多天功夫查阅所有有关的参考资料。 he referenced his colleagues' work. 他提及到他同事的工作。 for future reference 以供日后参考 terms of reference 委托范围；委托权限 with (或 in) reference to 关于，就…而论