英语专业八级阅读考试试题及答案
专业英语八级阅读附答案
专业英语八级阅读附答案专业英语八级阅读精选附答案Reputation is often got without merit and lost without fault.以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的专业英语八级阅读精选附答案，希望能给大家带来帮助!Passage 8 (Equality of opportunity in the twentieth Century Has Not Destroyed the Class System)These days we hear a lot of nonsense about the ‘great classless society'. The idea that the twentieth century is the age of the common man has become one of the great clichés of our time. The same old arguments are put forward in evidence. Here are some of them: monarchy as a system of government has been completely discredited. The monarchies that survive have been deprived of all political power. Inherited wealth has been savagely reduced by taxation and, in time, the great fortunes will disappear altogether. In a number of countries the victory has been complete. The people rule; the great millennium has become a political reality. But has it? Close examination doesn't bear out the claim.It is a fallacy to suppose that all men are equal and that society will be leveled out if you provide everybody with the same educational opportunities. (It is debatable whether you can ever provide everyone with the same educational opportunities, but that is another question.) The fact is that nature dispenses brains and ability with a total disregard for the principle of equality. The old rules of the jungle, ‘survival of the fittest', and ‘might is right' are still with us. The spread of education has destroyed the old class system and created a new one. Rewards are based on merit. For ‘aristocracy' read ‘meritocracy'; inother respects, society remains unaltered: the class system is rigidly maintained.Genuine ability, animal cunning, skill, the knack of seizing opportunities, all bring material rewards. And what is the first thing people do when they become rich? They use their wealth to secure the best possible opportunities for their children, to give them ‘a good start in life'. For all the lip service we pay to the idea of equality, we do not consider this wrong in the western world. Private schools which offer unfair advantages over state schools are not banned because one of the principles in a democracy is that people should be free to choose how they will educate their children. In this way, the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent: an able child from a wealthy home can succeed far more rapidly than his poorer counterpart. Wealth is also used indiscriminately to further political ends. It would be almost impossible to become the leader of a democracy without massive financial backing. Money is as powerful a weapon as ever it was.In societies wholly dedicated to the principle of social equality, privileged private education is forbidden. But even here people are rewarded according to their abilities. In fact, so great is the need for skilled workers that the least able may be neglected. Bright children are carefully and expensively trained to become future rulers. In the end, all political ideologies boil down to the same thing: class divisions persist whether you are ruled by a feudal king or an educated peasant.1. What is the main idea of this passage?[A] Equality of opportunity in the twentieth century has not destroyed the class system.[B] Equality means money.[C] There is no such society as classless society.[D] Nature can't give you a classless society.2. According to the author, the same educational opportunities can't get rid of inequality because ___________[A] the principle ‘survival of the fi ttest' exists.[B] Nature ignores equality in dispensing brains and ability.[C] Material rewards are for genuine ability.[D] People have the freedom how to educate their children.3. Who can obtain more rapid success ___________[A] those with wealth.[B] Those with the best brains.[C] Those with the best opportunities.[D] Those who have the ability to catch at opportunities.4. Why does the author say the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent? Because ___________[A] money decides everything.[B] Private schools offer advantages over state schools.[C] People are free to choose the way of educating their children.[D] Wealth is used for political ends.5. According to the author, class divisions' refers to ___________[A] the rich and the poor.[B] Different opportunities for people.[C] Oppressor and the oppressed.[D] Genius and stupidity.Vocabulary1. discredit 损害，破坏，败坏(某人的名声)，不可信2. monarch 国王，女皇，君主政体3. millennium 千年the millennium 千僖年4. bear out 证实5. level out (升跌之后)呈平稳状态6. meritocracy 英才管理，英才教育，能人统治7. knack 技巧，诀窍8. perpetuate 使永久，永存或持续9. indiscriminate 不加鉴别的，不加分析的，任意的10. boil down 归结为……难句译注1. Close examination doesn't bear out the claim.【参考译文】深入探索证实此断言不确。
英语专业八级阅读及参考答案
Most earthquakes occur within the upper 15 miles of the earth's surface. But earthquakes can and d o occur at all depths to about 460 miles. Their number decreases as the depth increases. At about 460 miles one earthquake occurs only every few years. Near the surface earthquakes may run as hi gh as 100 in a month, but the yearly average does not vary much. In comparison with the total nu mber of earthquakes each year, the number of disastrous earthquakes is very small.The extent of the disaster in an earthquake depends on many factors. If you carefully build a t oy house with an erect set, it will still stand no matter how much you shake the table. But if you build a toy house with a pack of cards, a slight shake of the table will make it fall. An earthqua ke in Agadir, Morocco, was not strong enough to be recorded on distant instruments, but it comple tely destroyed the city. Many stronger earthquakes have done comparatively little damage. If a build ing is well constructed and built on solid ground, it will resist an earthquake. Most deaths in earth quakes have been due to faulty building construction or poor building sites. A third and very seriou s factor is panic. When people rush out into narrow streets, more deaths will result.The United Nations has played an important part in reducing the damage done by earthquakes. It has sent a team of experts to all countries known to be affected by earthquakes. Working with local geologists and engineers, the experts have studied the nature of the ground and the type of m ost practical building code for the local area. If followed, these suggestions will make disastrous ear thquakes almost a thing of the past.There is one type of earthquake disaster that little can be done about. This is the disaster caus ed by seismic sea waves, or tsunamis. (These are often called tidal waves, but the name is incorrec t. They have nothing to do with tides.) In certain areas, earthquakes take place beneath the sea. Th ese submarine earthquakes sometimes give rise to seismic sea waves. The waves are not noticeable out at sea because of their long wave length. But when they roll into harbors, they pile up into walls of water 6 to 60 feet high. The Japanese call them "tsunamis", meaning "harbor waves", becaus e they reach a sizable height only in harbors.Tsunamis travel fairly slowly, at speeds up to 500 miles an hour. An adequate warning system is in use to warn all shores likely to be reached by the waves. But this only enables people to le ave the threatened shores for higher ground. There is no way to stop the oncoming wave.1. Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the passage?A. The number of earthquakes is closely related to depth.B. Roughly the same number of earthquakes occur each year.C. Earthquakes are impossible at depths over 460 miles.D. Earthquakes are most likely to occur near the surfaces.2. The destruction of Agadir is an example of ______.A. faulty building constructionB. an earthquake's strengthC. widespread panic in earthquakesD. ineffective instruments3. The United Nations' experts are supposed to______.A. construct strong buildingsB. put forward proposalsC. detect disastrous earthquakesD. monitor earthquakes4. The significance of the slow speed of tsunamis is that people may______.A. notice them out at seaB. find ways to stop themC. be warned early enoughD. develop warning systems参考答案：1~4 C A B C 1~5 ADBDC 6~10 ADBCA。
英语专八阅读理解练习附答案
英语专八阅读理解练习附答案英语专八阅读理解练习附答案篇一Racket, din clamor, noise, whatever you want to call it, unwanted sound is America’s most widespread nuisance. But noise is more than just a nuisance. It constitutes a real and present danger topeople’s health. Day and night, at home, at work, and at play, noise can produce serious physical and psychological stress. No one is immune to this stress. Though we seem to adjust to noise by ignoring it, the ear, in fact, never closes and the body still responds—sometimes with extreme tension, as to a strange sound in the night. The annoyance we feel when faced with noise is the most common outward symptom of the stress building up inside→← us. Indeed, because irritability is so apparent, legislators have made public annoyance the basis of many noise abatement programs. The more subtle and more serious health hazards associated with stress caused by noise traditionally have been given much less attention. Nevertheless, when we are annoyed or made irritable by noise, we should consider these symptoms fair warning that other thing may be happening to us, some of which may be damaging to our health.Of many health hazards to noise, hearing loss is the most clearly observable and measurable by health professionals. The other hazards are harder to pin down. For many of us, there may be a risk that exposure to the stress of noise increases susceptibility to disease and infection. The more susceptible among us may experience noise as a complicating factor in heart problems and other diseases. Noisethat causes annoyance and irritability in health persons may have serious consequences for these already ill in mind or body.Noise affects us throughout our lives. For example, there areindications of effects on the unborn child when mothers are exposedto industrial and environmental noise. During infancy and childhood, youngsters exposed to high noise levels may have trouble falling asleep and obtaining necessary amounts of rest.Why, then, is there not greater alarm about these dangers? Perhaps it is because the link between noise and many disabilities or diseases has not yet been conclusively demonstrated. Perhaps it is because we tend to dismiss annoyance as a price to pay for living in the modern world. It may also be because we still think of hearing loss as only an occupational hazard.1.In Paragraph 1, the phrase immune to are used to mean ___.A.unaffected byB.hurt byC.unlikely to be seen byD.unknown by2.The author’s attitude toward noise would best be described as ___.A.unrealisticB.traditionalC.concernedD.hysterical3.Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?A.Noise is a major problem; most people recognize its importance.B.Although noise can be annoying, it is not a major problem.C.Noise is a major problem and has not yet been recognized as such.D.Noise is a major problem about which nothing can be done.4.The author condemns noise essentially because it ___.A.is against the lawB.can make some people irritableC.is a nuisanceD.in a ganger to people’s health5.The author would probably consider research about the effects noise has on people to be ___.possible.C.a waste of moneyD.essential答案：ACCDD英语专八阅读理解练习附答案篇二Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent? It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, asnoted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universe sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. For example, facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies (or friends) in the absence of language.Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in a people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged from European college studentsto members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands. All groups including the Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions. The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues morerecently obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions. The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense.Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. Infact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also work in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles ("feedback") are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person's facial expression can influence that person's emotional state.ConsiderDarwin's words: "The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the otherhand, the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions." Can smiling giverise to feelings of good will, for example, and frowning to anger?Psychological research has given rise to some interestingfindings concerning the facial-feedback hypothesis. Causing participants in experiments to smile, for example, leads them to report morepositive feelings and to rate cartoons (humorous drawingsof people or situations) as being morehumorous. When they are caused to frown, they rate cartoons as being more aggressive.What are the possible links between facial expressions and emotion? One link is arousal, which is the level of activity or preparedness for activity in an organism. Intense contraction of facial muscles,such as those used in signifying fear, heightens arousal. Self-perception of heightened arousal then leads to heightened emotional activity. Other links may involve changes in brain temperature and the release of neurotransmitters (substances that transmit nerve impulses.) The contraction of facial muscles both influences the internal emotional state and reflects it. Ekman has found that theso-called Duchenne smile, which is characterized by "crow's feet" wrinkles around the eyes and asubtle drop in the eye cover fold so that the skin above the eye moves down slightly toward theeyeball, can lead to pleasant feelings.Ekman's observation may be relevant to the British expression "keep a stiff upper lip" as are commendation for handling stress. It might be that a "stiff" lip suppresses emotional response-as long as the lip is not quivering with fear or tension. But when the emotion that leads to stiffening the lip is more intense, and involves strong muscle tension, facial feedback may heighten emotional response.1. The word despondent in the passage is closest in meaning toA curiousB unhappyC thoughtfulD uncertain2. The author mentions "Baring the teeth in a hostile way" in order toA differentiate one possible meaning of a particular facial expression from other meanings of itB upport Darwin's theory of evolutionC provide an example of a facial expression whose meaning is widely understoodD contrast a facial expression that is easily understood with other facial expressions3. The word concur in the passage is closest in meaning toA estimateB agreeC expectD understand4. According to paragraph 2, which of the following was true of the Fore people ofNew Guinea?A They did not want to be shown photographs.B They were famous for their story-telling skills.C They knew very little about Western culture.D They did not encourage the expression of emotions.5. According to the passage, what did Darwin believe would happen to human emotions that werenot expressed?A They would become less intense.B They would last longer than usual.C They would cause problems later.D They would become more negative.参考答案：B C B C A。
【7A文】英语专业八级考试阅读试题及答案
英语专业八级考试阅读试题及答案PARTIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION(30MIN)Inthissectiontherearefourreadingpassagesfollowedbyatotalof20multiple -choicequestions.Readthepassagesandthenmarkyouranswersonyourcolo uredanswersheet.TeGtATheUniversityinTransformation,editedbyAustralianfuturistsSohailInayatul lahandJenniferGidley,presentssome20highlyvariedoutlooksontomorrow ’suniversitiesbywritersrepresentingbothWesternandnon-Westernpersp ectives.Theiressaysraiseabroadrangeofissues,questioningnearlyeverykey assumptionwehaveabouthighereducationtoday.ThemostwidelydiscussedalternativetothetraditionalcampusistheInternet University—avoluntarycommunitytoscholars/teachersphysicallyscattere dthroughoutacountryoraroundtheworldbutalllinkedincyberspace.Acomp uterizeduniversitycouldhavemanyadvantages,suchaseasyscheduling,effic ientdeliveryoflecturestothousandsorevenmillionsofstudentsatonce,andr eadyaccessforstudentseverywheretotheresourcesofalltheworld’sgreatli braries.YettheInternetUniversityposesdangers,too.ForeGample,alineoffranchise dcourseware,producedbyafewsuperstarteachers,marketedunderthebran dnameofafamousinstitution,andheavilyadvertised,mighteventuallycomet odominatetheglobaleducationmarket,warnssociologyprofessorPeterMa nicasoftheUniversityofHawaiiatManoa.Besidesenforcingarigidlystandardi zedcurriculum,sucha“collegeeducationinaboG”couldunderselltheofferi ngsofmanytraditionalbrickandmortarinstitutions,effectivelydrivingthemo utofbusinessandthrowingthousandsofcareeracademicsoutofwork,noteA ustraliancommunicationsprofessorsDavidRooneyandGregHearn.Ontheotherhand,whileglobalconnectivityseemshighlylikelytoplaysomesi gnificantroleinfuturehighereducation,thatdoesnotmeangreateruniformit yincoursecontent—orotherdangers—willnecessarilyfollow.Counter-mov ementsarealsoatwork.Manyinacademia,includingscholarscontributingtothisvolume,arequestio ningthefundamentalmissionofuniversityeducation.Whatif,forinstance,ins teadofreceivingprimarilytechnicaltrainingandbuildingtheirindividualcare ers,universitystudentsandprofessorscouldfocustheirlearningandresearch effortsoneGistingproblemsintheirlocalcommunitiesandtheworld?Feminis tscholarIvanaMilojevicdarestodreamwhatauniversitymightbecome“ifwebelievedthatchildcareworkersandteachersinearlychildhoodeducationsho uldbeoneofthehighest(ratherthanlowest)paidprofessionals?”Co-editorJenniferGidleyshowshowtomorrow‘suniversityfaculty,insteadofgivinglecturesandconductingindependentr esearch,maytakeonthreenewroles.Somewouldactasbrokers,assemblingc ustomizeddegree-creditprogrammesforindividualstudentsbymiGingand matchingthebestcourseofferingsavailablefrominstitutionsallaroundthew orld.Asecondgroup,mentors,wouldfunctionmuchliketoday’sfacultyadvi sers,butarelikelytobeworkingwithmanymorestudentsoutsidetheirownaca demicspecialty.Thiswouldrequirethemtoconstantlybelearningfromtheirst udentsaswellasinstructingthem.Athirdnewroleforfaculty,andinGidley’sviewthemostchallengingandrewa rdingofall,wouldbeasmeaning-makers:charismaticsagesandpractitionersl eadinggroupsofstudents/colleaguesincollaborativeeffortstofindspiritual aswellasrationalandtechnologicalsolutionstospecificreal-worldproblems.Moreover,thereseemslittlereasontosupposethatanyoneformofuniversity mustnecessarilydriveoutallotheroptions.Studentsmaybe“enrolled”inco ursesofferedatvirtualcampusesontheInternet,between—orevenduring—sessionsatarealworldproblemfocusedinstitution.Asco-editorSohailInayatullahpointsoutinhisintroduction,nofutureisinevit able,andtheveryactofimaginingandthinkingthroughalternativepossibiliti escandirectlyaffecthowthoughtfully,creativelyandurgentlyevenadominan ttechnologyisadaptedandapplied.Eveninacademia,thefuturebelongstoth osewhocareenoughtoworktheirvisionsintopractical,sustainablerealities.11.WhenthebookreviewerdiscussestheInternetUniversity,[A]heisinfavourofit.[B]hisviewisbalanced.[C]heisslightlycriticalofit.[D]heisstronglycriticalofit.12.WhichofthefollowingisNOTseenasapotentialdangeroftheInternetUniv ersity?[B]Teachersintraditionalinstitutionsmaylosetheirjobs.[D]TheInternetUniversitymayproduceteacherswithalotofpublicity.13.Accordingtothereview,whatisthefundamentalmissionoftraditionaluniv ersityeducation?[A]Knowledgelearningandcareerbuilding.[B]LearninghowtosolveeGistingsocialproblems.[C]Researchingintosolutionstocurrentworldproblems.[D]Combiningresearcheffortsofteachersandstudentsinlearning.culty,universityteachers[A]arerequiredtoconductmoreindependentresearch.[B]arerequiredtooffermorecoursestotheirstudents.[C]aresupposedtoassumemoredemandingduties.[D]aresupposedtosupervisemorestudentsintheirspecialty.15.Whichcategoryofwritingdoesthereviewbelongto?[A]Narration.[B]Description.[C]Persuasion.[D]EGposition.TeGtBEverystreethadastory,everybuildingamemory.Thoseblessedwithwonderf ulchildhoodscandrivethestreetsoftheirhometownsandhappilyrollbackthe years.Therestarepulledhomebydutyandleaveassoonaspossible.AfterRayAtleehadbeeninClanton(hishometown)forfifteenminuteshewasanGioustog etout.Thetownhadchanged,butthenithadn’t.Onthehighwaysleadingin,theche apmetalbuildingsandmobilehomesweregatheringastightlyaspossibleneG ttotheroadsformaGimumvisibility.Thistownhadnozoningwhatsoever.Alan downercouldbuildanythingwithnopermit,noinspection,nonoticetoadjoini nglandowners,nothing.Onlyhogfarmsandnuclearreactorsrequiredapprov alsandpaperwork.Theresultwasaslash-and-buildclutterthatgotuglierbyth eyear.Butintheoldersections,nearerthesquare,thetownhadnotchangedatall.Thel ongshadedstreetswereascleanandneataswhenRayroamedthemonhisbike .Mostofthehouseswerestillownedbypeopleheknew,orifthosefolkshadpas sedonthenewownerskeptthelawnsclippedandtheshutterspainted.Onlyaf ewwerebeingneglected.Ahandfulhadbeenabandoned.ThisdeepinBiblecountry,itwasstillanunwrittenruleinthetownthatlittlewasd oneonSundayseGceptgotochurch,sitonporches,visitneighbors,restandrel aGthewayGodintended.Itwascloudy,quitecoolforMay,andashetouredhisoldturf,killingtimeuntiltheappointedhourforthefamilymeeting,hetriedtodwellonthegoodmemorie sfromClanton.TherewasDizzyDeanParkwherehehadplayedLittleLeaguefo rthePirates,andtherewasthepublicpoolhe’dswumineverysummere Gcept 1969whenthecitycloseditratherthanadmitblackchildren.Therewerethechu rches—Baptist,Methodist,andPresbyterian—facingeachotherattheinterse ctionofSecondandElmlikewarysentries,theirsteeplescompetingforheight. Theywereemptynow,butinanhourorsothemorefaithfulwouldgatherforeve ningservices.Thesquarewasaslifelessasthestreetsleadingtoit.Witheightthousandpeopl e,Clantonwasjustlargeenoughtohaveattractedthediscountstoresthathad wipedoutsomanysmalltowns.Butherethepeoplehadbeenfaithfultotheirdo wntownmerchants,andtherewasn’tasingleemptyorboarded-upbuilding aroundthesquare—nosmallmiracle.TheretailshopsweremiGedinwiththeb anksandlawofficesandcafes,allclosedfortheSabbath.HeinchedthroughthecemeteryandsurveyedtheAtleesectionintheoldpart, wherethetombstonesweregrander.Someofhisancestorshadbuiltmonume ntsfor theirdead.Rayhadalwaysassumedthatthefamilymoneyhe’dnevers eenmusthavebeenburiedinthosegraves.Heparkedandwalkedtohismother ’sgrave,somethinghehadn’tdoneinyears.ShewasburiedamongtheAtle es,atthefaredgeofthefamilyplotbecauseshehadbarelybelonged.Soon,inlesstha nanhour,hewouldbesittinginhisfather’sstudy,sippingbadi nstantteaandreceivinginstructionsoneGactlyhowhisfatherwouldbelaidtor est.Manyorderswereabouttobegiven,manydecreesanddirections,because hisfather(whousedtobeajudge)wasagreatmanandcareddeeplyabouthow hewastoberemembered.Movingagain,Raypassedthewatertowerhe’dclimbedtwice,thesecondtim ewiththepolicewaitingbelow.Hegrimacedathisoldhighschool,aplacehe’dnevervisitedsincehe’dleftit.Behinditwasthefootballfieldwherehisbroth erForresthadrompedoveropponentsandalmostbecamefamousbeforeget tingbouncedofftheteam.Itwastwentyminutesbeforefive,Sunday,May7.Timeforthefamilymeeting.16.Fromthefirstparagraph,wegettheimpressionthat[A]Raycherishedhischildhoodmemories.[B]Rayhadsomethingurgenttotakecareof.[C]Raymaynothaveahappychildhood.[D]Raycannotrememberhischildhooddays.17.WhichofthefollowingadjectivesdoesNOTdescribeRay’shometown?[A]Lifeless.[B]Religious.[C]Traditional.[D]Quiet.18.FromthepassagewecaninferthattherelationshipbetweenRayandhispar entswas[A]close.[B]remote.[C]tense.[D]impossibletotell.19.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatRay’sfatherwasallE GCEPT[A]considerate.[B]punctual.[C]thrifty.[D]dominant.TeGtCCampaigningontheIndianfrontierisaneGperiencebyitself.Neitherthelands capenorthepeoplefindtheircounterpartsinanyotherportionoftheglobe.Va lleywallsrisesteeplyfiveorsiGthousandfeetoneveryside.Thecolumnscrawlt hroughamazeofgiantcorridorsdownwhichfiercesnow-fedtorrentsfoamun derskiesofbrass.Amidthesescenesofsavagebrilliancytheredwellsaracewh osequalitiesseemtoharmonizewiththeirenvironment.EGceptatharvesttim e,whenself-preservationrequiresatemporarytruce,thePathantribesarealw aysengagedinprivateorpublicwar.Everymanisawarrior,apoliticianandathe ologian.Everylargehouseisarealfeudalfortressmade,itistrue,onlyofsun-ba kedclay,butwithbattlements,turrets,loopholes,drawbridges,plete.Everyvillagehasitsdefence.Everyfamilycultivatesitsvendetta;everyclan,itsf eud.Thenumeroustribesandcombinationsoftribesallhavetheiraccountsto settlewithoneanother.Nothingiseverforgotten,andveryfewdebtsareleftun paid.Forthepurposesofsociallife,inadditiontotheconventionaboutharvest -time,amostelaboratecodeofhonourhasbeenestablishedandisonthewhol efaithfullyobserved.Amanwhoknewitandobserveditfaultlesslymightpassu narmedfromoneendofthefrontiertoanother.Theslightesttechnicalslipwou ld,however,befatal.ThelifeofthePathanisthusfullofinterest;andhisvalleys,n ourishedalikebyendlesssunshineandabundantwater,arefertileenoughtoyi eldwithlittlelabourthemodestmaterialrequirementsofasparsepopulation.Intothishappyworldthenineteenthcenturybroughttwonewfacts:theriflean dtheBritishGovernment.ThefirstwasanenormousluGuryandblessing;these cond,anunmitigatednuisance.Theconvenienceoftheriflewasnowheremor eappreciatedthanintheIndianhighlands.Aweaponwhichwouldkillwithaccu racyatfifteenhundredyardsopenedawholenewvistaofdelightstoeveryfami lyorclanwhichcouldacquireit.Onecouldactuallyremaininone’sownhouse andfireatone’sneighbournearlyamileaway.Onecouldlieinwaitonsomehi ghcrag,andathithertounheardofrangeshitahorsemanfarbelow.Evenvillag escouldfireateachotherwithoutthetroubleofgoingfarfromhome.Fabulous priceswerethereforeofferedforthesegloriousproductsofscience.Rifle-thie vesscouredallIndiatoreinforcetheeffortsofthehonestsmuggler.Asteadyflo wofthecovetedweaponsspreaditsgenialinfluencethroughoutthefrontier,andtherespectwhichthePathantribesmenentertainedforChristiancivilizatio nwasvastlyenhanced.TheactionoftheBritishGovernmentontheotherhandwasentirelyunsatisfact ory.Thegreatorganizing,advancing,absorbingpowertothesouthwardseem edtobelittlebetterthanamonstrousspoil-sport.IfthePathanmadeforaysint otheplains,notonlyweretheydrivenback(whichafterallwasnomorethanfair) ,butawholeseriesofsubsequentinterferencestookplace,followedatinterval sbyeGpeditionswhichtoiledlaboriouslythroughthevalleys,scoldingthetrib esmenandeGactingfinesforanydamagewhichtheyhaddone.Noonewould havemindedtheseeGpeditionsiftheyhadsimplycome,hadafightandtheng oneawayagain.Inmanycasesthiswastheirpracticeunderwhatwascalledthe “butcherandboltpolicy”towhichtheGovernmentofIndialongadhered.Bu ttowardstheendofthenineteenthcenturytheseintrudersbegantomakeroa dsthroughmanyofthevalleys,andinparticularthegreatroadtoChitral.Theys oughttoensurethesafetyoftheseroadsbythreats,byfortsandbysubsidies.T herewasnoobjectiontothelastmethodsofarasitwent.Butthewholeofthiste ndencytoroad-makingwasregardedbythePathanswithprofounddistaste.A llalongtheroadpeoplewereeGpectedtokeepquiet,nottoshootoneanother, andaboveallnottoshootattravellersalongtheroad.Itwastoomuchtoask,and awholeseriesofquarrelstooktheiroriginfromthissource.20.Theworddebtsin“veryfewdebtsareleftunpaid”inthefirstparagraphm eans[A]loans.[B]accounts.[C]killings.[D]bargains.21.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthegeographicalfactsabouttheIndian frontier?[A]Meltingsnows.[B]Largepopulation.[C]Steephillsides.[D]Fertilevalleys.22.Accordingtothepassage,thePathanswelcomed[A]theintroductionoftherifle.[B]thespreadofBritishrule.[C]theeGtensionofluGuries.[D]thespreadoftrade.23.BuildingroadsbytheBritish[A]putanendtoawholeseriesofquarrels.[B]preventedthePathansfromcarryingonfeuds.[C]lessenedthesubsidiespaidtothePathans.[D]gavethePathansamuchquieterlife.24.Asuitabletitleforthepassagewouldbe[A]CampaigningontheIndianFrontier.[B]WhythePathansResentedtheBritishRule.[C]ThePopularityofRiflesamongthePathans.[D]ThePathansatWar.TeGtD“Museum”isaslipperyword.Itfirstmeant(inGreek)anythingconsecratedt otheMuses:ahill,ashrine,agarden,afestivalorevenateGhtheGreeksalreadycollecteddetachedworksofart,manytemples—notablyt hatofHeraatOlympia(beforewhichtheOlympicflameisstilllit)—hadcollectiaintingsandsculpturesintheAleGandrianMuseumwereincidentaltoitsmain purpose.TheRomansalsocollectedandeGhibitedartfromdisbandedtemples,aswella smineralspecimens,eGoticplants,animals;andtheyplunderedsculpturesan dpaintings(mostlyGreek)foreGhibition.Meanwhile,theGreekwordhadslip pedintoLatinbytransliteration(thoughnottosignifypicturegalleries,which werecalledpinacothecae)andmuseumstillmoreorlessmeant“Muses-shri ne”.Theinspirationalcollectionsofpreciousandsemi-preciousobjectswerekepti nlargerchurchesandmonasteries—whichfocusedonthegold-enshrined,be jewelledrelicsofsaintsandmartyrs.Princes,andlatermerchants,hadsimilarc ollections,whichbecamethedepositsofnaturalcuriosities:largelumpsofam berorcoral,irregularpearls,unicornhorns,ostricheggs,fossilbonesandsoon. Theyalsoincludedcoinsandgems—oftenantiqueengravedones—aswellas, increasingly,paintingsandsculptures.AstheymultipliedandeGpanded,tosu pplementthem,theskillofthefakersgrewincreasinglyrefined.Atthesametime,visitorscouldadmiretheverygrandestpaintingsandsculptu resinthechurches,palacesandcastles;theywerenot“collected”either,but “site-specific”,andwereconsideredanintegralpartbothofthefabricofthe buildingsandofthewayoflifewhichwentoninsidethem—andmostofthebuil dingswerepublicones.However,duringtherevivalofantiquityinthefifteenth century,fragmentsofantiquesculptureweregivenhigherstatusthanthewor kofanycontemporary,sothatdisplaysofantiquitieswouldinspireartiststoimi tation,orevenbetter,toemulation;andsocouldbeconsideredMuses-shrines intheformersense.TheMedicigardennearSanMarcoinFlorence,theBelvede reandtheCapitolinRomewerethemostfamousofsuchearly“inspirational”collections.Soontheymultiplied,and,gradually,eG emplary“modern”wor kswerealsoaddedtosuchgalleries.Intheseventeenthcentury,scientificandprestigecollectingbecamesowides preadthatthreeorfourcollectorsindependentlypublisheddirectoriestomus eumsallovertheknownworld.Butitwastheageofrevolutionsandindustrywhi chproducedtheneGtsharpshiftinthewaytheinstitutionwasperceived:thefu ryagainstroyalandchurchmonumentspromptedantiquarianstoshelterthe minasylum-galleries,ofwhichtheMuseedesMonumentsFrancaiswasthem ostfamous.Then,inthefirsthalfofthenineteenthcentury,museumfundingto okoff,alliedtotheriseofnewwealth:LondonacquiredtheNationalGalleryand theBritishMuseum,theLouvrewasorganized,theMuseum-Inselwasbeguni nBerlin,andtheMunichgallerieswerebuilt.InVienna,thehugeKunsthistorisc hesandNaturhistorischesMuseumstookovermuchoftheimperialtreasure. Meanwhile,thedeclineofcraftsmanship(andofpublictastewithit)inspiredth ecreationof“improving”collections.TheVictoriaandAlbertMuseuminLo ndonwasthemostfamous,aswellasperhapsthelargestofthem.25.The sentence“Museumisaslipperyword”inthefirstparagraphmeansth at[A]themeaningoftheworddidn’tchangeuntilafterthe15thcentury.[B]themeaningofthewordhadchangedovertheyears.[C]theGreekshelddifferentconceptsfromtheRomans.[D]princesandmerchantsaddedpaintingstotheircollections.26.Theideathatmuseumcouldmeanamountainoranobjectoriginatesfrom[A]theRomans.[B]Florence.[C]Olympia.[D]Greek.27.“...theskillofthefakersgrewincreasinglyrefined”inthethirdparagraph meansthat[A]therewasagreatdemandforfakers.[B]fakersgrewrapidlyinnumber.[C]fakersbecamemoreskillful.[D]fakersbecamemorepolite.28.Paintingsandsculpturesondisplayinchurchesinthe15thcenturywere[A]collectedfromelsewhere.[B]madepartofthebuildings.[C]donatedbypeople.[D]boughtbychurches.29.ModernmuseumscameintoeGistenceinorderto[A]protectroyalandchurchtreasures.[B]improveeGistingcollections.[C]stimulatepublicinterest.[D]raisemorefunds.30.Whichisthemainideaofthepassage?[A]Collectionandcollectors.[B]Theevolutionofmuseums.[C]Modernmuseumsandtheirfunctions.[D]Thebirthofmuseums.TeGtA短文大意本文主要介绍了澳大利亚未来预测家SohailInayatullah和JenniferGidley 共同编撰的《转型中的大学》一书的主要内容。
英语专业八级（阅读理解）练习试题及答案
英语专业八级（阅读理解）练习试题及答案一、问答题（共7题，共70分）1.As Gilbert White，Darwin ， and others observed long ago，all species appear to have theinnate capacity to increase their numbers from generation to generation. The task forecologistsis to untangle the environmentaand biologicalfactorsthat hold this intrinsiccapacity for poppation growth in check over the long run. The great variety of dynamicbehaviorsexhibitedby differentpoppationmakes thistaskmore difficpt：sompoppations remain roughly constant from year to year; others exhibit regpar cycles ofabundance and scarcity; still others vary wildly， with outbreaks and crashes that arein some cases plainly correlated with the weather， and in other cases not.To impose some order on this kaleidoscopeof patterns ， one school of thought proposespiding poppations into two groups. These ecologists posit that the relatively steadypoppations havedensity-dependent growth parameters; that is， rates ofbirth ， death ，and migrationwhich depend strongly on poppation density. The highly varying poppationshave density-independent growth parameters， with vital rates buffeted by environmentalevents ;these rates fluctuate in a way that is wholly independent of poppationdensity.This dichotomy has its uses， but it can cause problems if taken too literally. Forone thing ， no poppation can be driven entirely by density-independent factors all thetime. No matter how severely or unpredictably birth， death ， and migration rates may befluctuatingaroundtheirlong-termaverages ， ifthere were nodensity-dependenteffects ，the poppationwopd ， in the long run ， eitherincrease or decrease without bound (barringa miracle by which gains and losses canceled exactly)。
2024年英语专八练习阅读测试题及答案
[D] it’s desirable for good men to keep away from evil
[D] 好人应该远离邪恶
2. According to the author, if a person is found guilty of a crime,_____________.
[B]小城镇的人坚守老的纪律和标准
[C] today’s society lacks sympathy for people in difficulty
[C]现代社会缺少对于困境中的人的同情
[D] people in disadvantaged circumstances are engaged in criminal activities
[C] 罪犯本人应该为此负责
[D] the standards of living should be improved
[D] 生活水平应该提高
3. Compared with those in small towns, people in large cities have________.
3. 和小城镇相比，大城市的人________。
[C] 对人们的行为应该加以更多控制
[D] more people should accept the value of accountability
[D] 更多人应该接受“责任感”这一价值观
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[A] 学校和家庭中应该保持更严格的纪律
[B] more good examples should be set for people to follow
[B] 应该为人们树立更多学习榜样
英语专业八级考试阅读试题及答案详解
英语专业八级考试阅读试题及答案详解英语专业八级考试阅读试题及答案详解The Result of the Falling US DollarLike a ticking time bomb, the falling dollar has grabbed the attention of Japan and West Germany, forcing them to consider adopting economic polices the United States advocates. The U.S. gover____ent wants the dollar to fall because as the dollar declines in value against the yen and Deutsche mark, U.S. good bees cheaper. U.S. panies then sell more at home and abroad, and U.S. trade deficit declines. Cries for trade protection abate, and the global free-trade system is preserved.Then, the cheaper dollar makes it cheaper for many foreign investors to snap up U.S. stocks. That prompts heavy buying from abroad—especially from Japan. Also, if the trade picture is improving, that means U.S. panies eventually will be more petitive. Consequently, many investors are buying shares of export-orientedU.S. panies in anticipation of better profits in the next year or so. But that is a rather faddish notion right now; if corporate earnings are disappointing in interest rates, the stock market rally could stall.Improving U.S. petitiveness means a decline in another’s petitiveness.Japan and West Germany are verging on recession. Their export-oriented economies are facing major problems. Japan is worried about the damage the strong yen will do to Japanese trade. West Germany is also worried. Share prices in Frankfurt plummeted this past week. Bonn is thought to be considering a cut in interest rates to boost its economy.1. What is the main idea of this passage?[A] The impression of the falling U.S. dollar.[B] The result of the U.S. falling dollar.[C] The side effect of U.S. falling dollar.[D] Japan and West Germany are worried about U.S. falling dollar.2. What does the word “rally” mean.[A] prosperity. [B] decline. [C] richness. [D] import.3. Why are Japan and West Germany worried aboutthe falling dollar?[A] Because the falling dollar may cause inflation in their countries.[B] Because it may force them to sell a lot of U.S, stocks.[C] Because it may do damage to their trade.[D] Because it may make Japanese pany lesspetitive.4. If dollar-falling got out of hand, and the U.S. Federal Reserve might step in , what would happen?[A] The prosperity of the U.S. economy would disappear.[B] The U.S. economy might face serious problems.[C] Investors might lose confidence in U.S. investments.[D] Inflation could flare up.答案详解：1. B.美元下跌的结果。
专业英语八级(阅读)练习试卷7(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（阅读）练习试卷7(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 2. READING COMPREHENSIONPART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.My mother told me a story every evening while we waited for father to close the shop and come home. The shop remained open till midnight. Bullock carts in long caravans arrived late in the evening from distant villages, loaded with coconut, rice, and other commodities for the market. The animals were unyoked under the big tamarind tree for the night, and the cartmen drifted in twos and threes to the shop, for a chat or to ask for things to eat or smoke. How my father loved to discuss with them the price of grain, rainfall, harvest, and the state of irrigation channels! Or they talked about old litigations. One heard repeated references to magistrates, affidavits, witnesses in the case, and appeals, punctuated with roars of laughters—possibly the memory of some absurd legality or loophole tickled them. My father ignored food and sleep when he had company. My mother sent me out several times to see if he could be made to turn in. He was a man of uncertain temper and one could not really guess how he would react to interruptions, and so my mother coached me to go up, watch his mood, and gently remind him of food and home. I stood under the shop —awning, coughing and clearing my throat, hoping to catch his eyes. But the talk was all-absorbing and he would not glance in my direction, and I got absorbed in their talk, although I did not understand a word of it. After a while my mother’s voice came gently on the night air, calling, “Raju, Raju”and my father interrupted his activities to look at me and say, “Tell your mother not to wait for me. Tell her to place a handful of toffee and buttermilk in a bowl, with just one piece of lime pickle, and keep it in the oven for me. I’ll come in later. “ It was almost a formula with him five days in week. He always added, “Not that I’m really hungry tonight. “And then I believe he went on to discuss health problems with his cronies. But I didn’t stop to hear further. I made a quick dash back home. There was a dark patch between the light from the shop and the dim lantern shedding its light on our threshold, a matter of about ten yards, I suppose, but the passage through it gave me a cold sweat. I expected wild animals and supernatural creatures to emerge and grab me. My mother waited on the doorstop to receive me and said, “Not hungry, I suppose ! That’ll give him an excuse to talk to the village folk all night, and then come in for an hour’s sleep and get up with the crowing of that foolish cock somewhere. He will spoil his health. “I followed her into the kitchen. She placed my plate and hers side by side on the floor, drew the ricepot within reach, and served me and herself simultaneously, and we finished our dinner by the sooty tin lamp, stuck on a nail in the wall. Sheunrolled a mat for me in the front room, and I lay down to sleep. She sat at my side, awaiting father’s return. Her presence gave me a feeling of inexplicable coziness. I felt I ought to put her proximity to good use, and complained, “Something is bothering my hair,” and she ran her fingers through my hair, and scratched the nape of my neck. And then I commanded, “A story. “Immediately she began, “Once upon a time there was a man called Devaka. “I heard his name mentioned almost every night. He was a hermit, saint, or something of the kind. I never learned fully what he did or why, sleep overcoming me before my mother was through even the preamble.1．What can we infer from the conversation between the uriter’s father and the cartmen?A．One might find unfavorable faults in the legal code in lawsuits.B．There were times when the cronies came to foolish decisions.C．The magistrates were serious and punctilious.D．Matters related to farming were of great interest to them.正确答案：D解析：细节题。
专业英语八级(阅读)练习试卷1(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（阅读）练习试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.44% required hospitalization. Based on that data, published in PLoS Medicine, Lipsitch anticipates far fewer deaths from 2009 H1N1than was initially believed. By the end of the flu season in the spring of 2010, Lipsitch predicts, anywhere from 6,000 to 45,000 people will have died from H1N1 in the U.S., with the number most likely to end up between 10,000 and 15,000. Those estimates are far below the death toll of the 1957 flu, which killed 69,800 people in the U.S., according to government figures, and smaller also than the early predictions for the2009 H1N1 flu deaths, which ranged from 30,000 to 90,000. It is not clear, however, that past pandemics are an appropriate gauge for evaluating the current flu or that the new projections are based on complete data. The eventual death toll of 2009 H1N1 may be less grim than the outcomes of previous pandemics, but it should be noted that 90 years ago, and even 40 years ago, health officials lacked the antiviral therapies and nationwide vaccination capabilities that are available today. That may have contributed to pandemics having a more devastating effect on the health of past populations. The new estimates are also less alarming than those provided—also by Lipsitch—to the President’s Council of Advisers on Science and Technology last summer near the start of the pandemic. At the time, researchers had only patchy data on the number of people infected by, and seeking treatment for, the new flu. The initially bleak prediction of the impact of H1N1—with up to 50% of the U.S. population becoming infected in the fall and winter of 2009, resulting in as many as 90,000 deaths—was based on modeling of previous pandemics. Fortunately, the worst case scenario did not come to pass. “The worst case consistent with the data we have now is a lot milder than the worst case consistent with the data we had in the summer or spring,”Lipsitch says. Still, Lipsitch and other health officials acknowledge that the 2009 H1N1 pandemic is not over. What worries health officials most is that as both seasonal and H1N1 flu viruses circulate among the population, the two strains could recombine into a more virulent and aggressive version that could cause more widespread illness and even death. How viruses behave once they nestle into a host is completely unpredictable, but scientists know that in a lab dish, seasonal and H1N1 flu strains mix and match readily. “I’m thinking we may have dodged a bullet here if in fact we don’t get a more severe wave coming on the heels of the current wave,”says Redlener. “But we’ll see what happens.” A second wave could still prove more deadly than the seasonal flu, especially for young children. To date, 189 children have died of influenza in the U.S., the majority of them related to H1N1 infection, and that number is already higher than the total number of pediatric deaths attributed to flu in 2008. Lipsitch says that if current trends hold,H1N1 may end up causing as many influenza deaths, if not more, than the seasonal flu, which kills about 36,000 Americans each year. Instead of hitting the elderly the hardest, though, most of the deaths may be among young children and infants.6．What can be inferred from the passage?A．It is not as severe as experts expected.B．It is likely to have a second wave of H1N1.C．It is not likely to have a second wave of H1N1.D．No one knows for sure whether there will be a second wave of H1N1.正确答案：D解析：此题是推理判断题。
专八英语考试阅读理解试题附答案
专八英语考试阅读理解试题附答案Can electricity cause cancer? In a society that literally runs on electric power, the very idea seems preposterous. But for more than a decade, a growing band of scientists and journalists has pointed to studies that seem to link exposure to electromagnetic fields with increased risk of leukemia and other malignancies. The implications are unsettling, to say the least, since everyone comes into contact with such fields, which are generated by everything electrical, from power lines and antennas to personal computers and micro-wave ovens. Because evidence on the subject is inconclusive and often contradictory, it has been hard to decide whether concern about the health effects of electricity is legitimate—or the worst kind of paranoia.Now the alarmists have gained some qualified support from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In the executive summary of a new scientific review, released in draft form late last week, the EPA has put forward what amounts to the most serious government warning to date. The agency tentatively concludes that scientific evidence “suggests a casual link” between extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields—those having very longwave-lengths—and leukemia, lymphoma and brain cancer, While the report falls short of classifying ELF fields as probable carcinogens, it does identify the common 60-hertz magneticfield as “a possible, but not proven, cause of cancer in humans.”The report is no reason to panic—or even to lost sleep. If there is a cancer risk, it is a small one. The evidence is still so controversial that the draft stirred a great deal of debate within the Bush Administration, and the EPA released it over strong objections from the Pentagon and the Whit House. But now no one can deny that the issue must be taken seriously and that much more research is needed.At the heart of the debate is a simple and well-understood physical phenomenon: When an electric current passes through a wire, tit generates an electromagnetic field that exerts forces on surrounding objects, For many years, scientists dismissed any suggestion that such forces might be harmful, primarily because they are so extraordinarily weak. The ELF magnetic field generated by a video terminal measures only a few milligauss, or about one-hundredth the strength of the earth’s own magnetic field, The electric fields surrounding a power line can be as high as 10 kilovolts per meter, but the corresponding field inducedin human cells will be only about 1 millivolt per meter. This is far less than the electric fields that the cells themselves generate.How could such minuscule forces pose a health danger? The consensus used to be that they could not, and for decades scientists concentrated on more powerful kinds of radiation, like X-rays, that pack sufficient wallop to knock electrons out of the molecules that make up the human body. Such “ionizing” radiations have been clearly linked to increased cancer risks and there are regulations to control emissions.But epidemiological studies, which find statistical associations between sets of data, do not prove cause and effect. Though there is a body of laboratory work showing that exposure to ELF fields can have biological effects on animal tissues, a mechanism by which those effects could lead to cancerous growths has never been found.The Pentagon is for from persuaded. In a blistering 33-page critique of the EPA report, Air Force scientists charge its authors with having “biased the entire document” toward proving a link. “Our reviewers are convinced that there is no suggestion that (electromagnetic fields) present in the environment induce or promote cancer,” the Air Force concludes. “It is astonishing that the EPA would lend its imprimatur on this report.” Then Pentagon’s concern is understandable. There is hardly a unit of the modern military that does not depend on the heavy use of some kind of electronic equipment, from huge ground-based radar towers to the defense systems built into every warship and plane.1. The main idea of this passage is ___________[A]. studies on the cause of cancer[B]. controversial view-points in the cause of cancer[C]. the relationship between electricity and cancer.[D]. different ideas about the effect of electricity on caner.2. The view-point of the EPA is ___________[A]. there is casual link between electricity and cancer.[B]. electricity really affects cancer.[C]. controversial.[D].low frequency electromagnetic field is a possible cause of cancer3. Why did the Pentagon and Whit House object to the release of the report? Because ___________[A]. it may stir a great deal of debate among the Bush Administration.[B]. every unit of the modern military has depended on the heavy use of some kind of electronic equipment.[C]. the P entagon’s concern was understandable.[D]. they had different arguments.4. It can be inferred from physical phenomenon ___________[A]. the force of the electromagnetic field is too weak to be harmful.[B]. the force of the electromagnetic field is weaker than the electric field that the cells generate.[C]. electromagnetic field may affect health.[D]. only more powerful radiation can knock electron out of human body.5. What do you think ordinary citizens may do after reading the different arguments?[A].They are indifferent. [B]. They are worried very much.[C]. The may exercise prudent avoidance. [C]. They are shocked.Vocabulary1. preposterous 反常的，十分荒谬的，乖戾的2. leukemia 白血病3. malignancy 恶性肿瘤4. legitimate 合法的，合理的5. paranoia 偏执狂，妄想狂。
英语专八完整试题及答案
英语专八完整试题及答案一、听力理解（Part I Listening Comprehension）Section A: Mini-Lecture1. The speaker mentioned several benefits of learning a second language. What are they?- A. Improved cognitive abilities- B. Enhanced job prospects- C. Increased cultural understanding- D. All of the above2. According to the lecture, what is the most challenging aspect of learning a new language?- A. Vocabulary acquisition- B. Grammar rules- C. Pronunciation- D. Cultural nuancesSection B: Interview3. What is the main topic of the interview?- A. The impact of technology on education- B. The role of arts in society- C. The importance of environmental conservation- D. The future of space exploration4. What does the interviewee suggest as a solution to thediscussed issue?- A. Government intervention- B. Public awareness campaigns- C. International collaboration- D. Technological innovation二、阅读理解（Part II Reading Comprehension）Passage 15. What is the main idea of the passage?- A. The history of the English language- B. The evolution of English literature- C. The influence of English on global communication- D. The development of English as a global lingua franca6. The author uses which of the following to support their argument?- A. Historical events- B. Personal anecdotes- C. Scientific studies- D. Survey resultsPassage 27. What is the author's purpose in writing this passage?- A. To persuade readers to adopt a healthier lifestyle- B. To inform readers about the latest health trends- C. To critique the current state of healthcare- D. To provide a comprehensive review of a health-related topic8. What is the author's stance on the topic discussed?- A. Skeptical- B. Supportive- C. Neutral- D. Critical三、语言知识（Part III Language Knowledge）9. Which of the following is the correct form of the verb "to be" in the past tense for the third person singular?- A. am- B. is- C. are- D. was10. The word "irrespective" is closest in meaning to:- A. regardless- B. respective- C. perspective- D. prospective四、翻译（Part IV Translation）Section A: English to Chinese11. Translate the following sentence into Chinese:- "The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in our daily lives."Section B: Chinese to English12. Translate the following sentence into English:- "随着全球化的不断深入，跨文化交流变得越来越重要。
专业英语八级(阅读)练习试卷20(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（阅读）练习试卷20(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 2. READING COMPREHENSIONPART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.Lately, everybody from industrial designers to city planners claims to be looking after our aesthetic interests, and there is ample anecdotal evidence that, on the margin, people do put a higher premium on the look and feel of things than they once did. That is to be expected as society grows richer. But aesthetics is not the only value -- trade-offs must be made -- and aesthetic value is hard to measure. What is “it,” after all? Aesthetics doesn’t come in neat units like microprocessor speed, calories, or tons of steel. Style is qualitative. The value of qualitative improvements poses tricky problems for economists. It is a major challenge to tease out how much consumers value each individual attribute that comes bundled in a given good or service. If you pay $2.99 for a toothbrush, how much of that is for the cleaning ability? How much for the feel of the handle? How much for the durability? How much for the packaging? How much for the convenient distribution to your comer drugstore? How much for the color? Economists use statistical techniques called “hedonic pricing” to try to separate the implicit prices of various characteristics. Essentially, they look at how prices go up or down as features are added or subtracted and try to figure out how consumers value the individual features. How much will consumers pay for an extra megahertz of computing speed, for instance? Not every characteristic is as easily measured as megahertz. The trickier the measurement, the more difficult the problem. For aesthetics, economists generally don’t even try. It’s just too hard. How do you account for the restaurant d écor or subtle enhancements in the taste of the food? How do you measure the increased value of a typeset resume, memo or client newsletter -- the result of ubiquitous word processors -- over an old-fashioned typed document? That sort of detail is simply lost in crude economic statistics. Many product characteristics -- from convenience to snob appeal to aesthetics -- are hard to quantify and so tend to be undercounted. The result is that the standard of living can change for the better without much notice. That is especially likely if products improve without becoming more expensive. Consumers are happier, but if they aren’t spending more money, no revenue increase shows up in the productivity statistics. This isn’t unusual in competitive markets. Shopping malls redecorate, and newspapers adopt color printing just to keep up with the competition. They aren’t able to charge more. They are just able to stay in business. When thinking about new products, producers face two challenges. First, they need to offer something whose value to the consumer is greater than its cost to produce and distribute. Increasing the surplus ofvalue minus cost is where both higher living standards and higher profits come from. It is the measure of real economic improvement. The second challenge is, of course, to price the offering to maximize profit. As a general matter, aesthetics sells. But “as a general matter” obscures all the specifics that make or break a product: What exact design will you use? How will you manufacture it? What will you charge? And, given those decisions, how will customers respond? The answers can’t be found through a blackboard exercise. Price theory is a useful tool, but we can’t know in advance how much people will value the characteristics of a product they haven’t yet seen or compared with real alternatives. Even market research, while helpful, cannot duplicate real-life choices. Although we all have fun predicting and second-guessing business ideas, the only way to find out is through trial and error. Market competition is a discovery process that subjects business hypotheses to unsentimental testing. Some managers are better than others at identifying promising new sources of value, and some companies are better than others at operations and pricing -- the skills that determine whether a product that consumers do value will in fact be profitable. Market competition tests these theories and skills. And, like all competitions, this one has its failures, some of them beautiful. Not every attempt at improvement works out. Sometimes value does not exceed cost. Sometimes it does, but managers fall in love with their product, price it too high and drive away potential customers. Sometimes the coolest of the cool just can’t survive the heat. With 20/20 hindsight, it is easy to see that the pricey Cube was doomed. But nobody knew that a year ago.1．The passage is mainly concerned with ______.A．adding aesthetics to productsB．increasing surplus of value minus costC．quantifying product characteristicsD．putting business ideas to market testing正确答案：C解析：本文主要讨论了如何对产品的抽象属性进行价格定位这一问题。
专八英语考试阅读试题及答案
专八英语考试阅读试题及答案On a nondescript block south of New York's Union Square’ up a dreary staircase and through a black-barred gate, there is a long, narrow room that might be mistaken for a very small museum of literary counterculture. On one wall hangs two rows of iconic posters：a print of Che Guevara's proud head; a photograph of the authors Jean Genet, William S. Burroughs, and Allen Ginsberg marching at the 1968 Democratic National Convention ;a portrait of Bobby Kennedy. Ixiose-leaf binders of correspondence with groundbreaking authors line floor-to-ceiling bookshelves. Beside the bookcases, Samuel Beckett peers out of a black-and-white photograph with a fierce crow's gaze. Next to him in the picture stands a shorter, milder-looking man named Barney Rosset.Rosset's publishing house, Grove Press, was a tiny pany operating out of the ground floor of Rosset's brownstone when it published an obscure play called Waiting for Godot in 1954. By the time Beckett had won the Nobel Prize in 1969 ’ Grove had e a force that cha llenged and changed literature and American culture in deep and lasting ways. Its impact is still evident——from the Che Guevara posters adorning college dorms to the canonical status of the house's once controversial authors. Rosset is less well known— but late in his life he is achieving some wider recognition.“Hie story of Rossel's life is essentially one of creative destruction. He found writers who wanted to break new paths, and then he picked up a sledge-hammer to help ihem whale away at the existing order.Rosset saw many crises. He or his pany was forever going broke, being attacked, breaking the law. In his legal battles, Rosset made his most enduring impact. Before Rosset challenged federal and slate obscenity laws, censorship was an accepted feature of publishing. His victories in high courts helped to change that. Rosset believed that it was impossible to represent life in the streets and in the dark recesses of the heart and mind honestly without using language that in ihe mid-20th century was considered “ obscene"— and therefore illegal to sell or mail. To a significant extent, the books he published convinced others that this was true.Rosset wasn't the only publisher who took risks, but he was one of the most visible and promising. Not everything he published was high-minded. Some of it aimed below the belt, and he was promising about that too. His stubbornness made his achievements possible, bul it also helped to undo him. At the end of the 60s, Grove moved into fancy offices, into film, and, to some extent, away from books. The repression of the 50s and freewheeling openness of the 60s were over, and other houses, now free from fear of censorship, took more chances. The left splintered. The feminist movemenl attacked him. Grove began to drift. But Rosset, asalways, kept doing what he wanted, everything else be damned.1.Which of the following statements contains a metaphor? [A]。
(完整版)英语专业八级阅读及参考答案
Most earthquakes occur within the upper 15 miles of the earth's surface. But earthquakes can and d o occur at all depths to about 460 miles. Their number decreases as the depth increases. At about 460 miles one earthquake occurs only every few years. Near the surface earthquakes may run as hi gh as 100 in a month, but the yearly average does not vary much. In comparison with the total nu mber of earthquakes each year, the number of disastrous earthquakes is very small.The extent of the disaster in an earthquake depends on many factors. If you carefully build a t oy house with an erect set, it will still stand no matter how much you shake the table. But if you build a toy house with a pack of cards, a slight shake of the table will make it fall. An earthqua ke in Agadir, Morocco, was not strong enough to be recorded on distant instruments, but it comple tely destroyed the city. Many stronger earthquakes have done comparatively little damage. If a build ing is well constructed and built on solid ground, it will resist an earthquake. Most deaths in earth quakes have been due to faulty building construction or poor building sites. A third and very seriou s factor is panic. When people rush out into narrow streets, more deaths will result.The United Nations has played an important part in reducing the damage done by earthquakes. It has sent a team of experts to all countries known to be affected by earthquakes. Working with local geologists and engineers, the experts have studied the nature of the ground and the type of m ost practical building code for the local area. If followed, these suggestions will make disastrous ear thquakes almost a thing of the past.There is one type of earthquake disaster that little can be done about. This is the disaster caus ed by seismic sea waves, or tsunamis. (These are often called tidal waves, but the name is incorrec t. They have nothing to do with tides.) In certain areas, earthquakes take place beneath the sea. Th ese submarine earthquakes sometimes give rise to seismic sea waves. The waves are not noticeable out at sea because of their long wave length. But when they roll into harbors, they pile up into walls of water 6 to 60 feet high. The Japanese call them "tsunamis", meaning "harbor waves", becaus e they reach a sizable height only in harbors.Tsunamis travel fairly slowly, at speeds up to 500 miles an hour. An adequate warning system is in use to warn all shores likely to be reached by the waves. But this only enables people to le ave the threatened shores for higher ground. There is no way to stop the oncoming wave.1. Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the passage?A. The number of earthquakes is closely related to depth.B. Roughly the same number of earthquakes occur each year.C. Earthquakes are impossible at depths over 460 miles.D. Earthquakes are most likely to occur near the surfaces.2. The destruction of Agadir is an example of ______.A. faulty building constructionB. an earthquake's strengthC. widespread panic in earthquakesD. ineffective instruments3. The United Nations' experts are supposed to______.A. construct strong buildingsB. put forward proposalsC. detect disastrous earthquakesD. monitor earthquakes4. The significance of the slow speed of tsunamis is that people may______.A. notice them out at seaB. find ways to stop themC. be warned early enoughD. develop warning systems参考答案：1~4 C A B C 1~5 ADBDC 6~10 ADBCA。
英语专业八级考试阅读理解试题带答案
英语专业八级考试阅读理解试题带答案Cryptic ColoringCryptic coloring is by far the commonest use of color in the struggle for existence. It is employed for the purpose of attack (aggressive resemblance or anticryptic coloring ) as well as of defense (protective resemblance or procryptic coloring ). The fact that the same method concealment, may be used both for attack and defense has beenwell explained by T.Belt who suggests as an illustration the rapidity of movement which is also made use of by both pursuer and pursued, which is similarly raised to a maximum in both by the gradual dying out of the slowest through a series of generations.Cryptic coloring is commonly associated with other aids in the struggle for life. Thus well-concealed mammals and birds, when discovered, will generally endeavor to escape by speed and will often attempt to defend themselves actively. On the other hand, small animals which have no means of active defense, such as large, numbers of insects, frequently depend upon concealment alone. Protective resemblance is far commoner among animals than aggressive resemblance, in correspondence with the fact that predaceous forms are as a rule much larger and much less numerous than their prey. In the case of insectivorous Vertebrata and their prey such differences exist in an exaggerated form.Cryptic coloring, whether used for defense of attack, may be either general or special. In general resemblance the animal, in consequence of its coloring, produces the same effect as its environment, but the conditions do not require any special adaptation of shape and outline. General resemblance is especially common among the animal inhabiting some uniformly colored expanse of the earth’s surface, such as an ocean or a desert. In the former, animals of all shapes are frequently protected by their transparent blue color, on the latter, equally diverse forms are defended by their sandy appearance. The effect of a uniform appearance may be produced by a combination of tints in startling contrast. Thus the black and white stripes of the zebra blend together at a little distance, and “their proportion is such as exactly to match the pale tint which arid ground possesses when seen by moonlight.” Special resemblance is far commoner than general and is theform which is usually met with on the diversified surface of the earth, on the shores, and in shallow water, as well as on the floating massesof algae on the surface of the ocean, such as the Sargasso Sea. In these environments the cryptic coloring of animals is usually aided by special modifications of shape, and by the instinct which leads them to assume particular attitudes. Complete stillness and the assumption of a certain attitude play an essential part in general resemblance on land; but in special resemblance the attitude is often highly specialized, and perhaps more important than any other element in the complex method by which concealment is effected.In special resemblance the combination of coloring, shape, and attitude is such as to produce a more or less exact resemblance to some one of the objects in the environment, such as a leaf of twig, a patchof lichen, a flake of bark. In all cases the resemblance is to some object which is of no interest to the enemy or prey respectively. The animal is not hidden from view by becoming indistinguishable from its background as in the case of general resemblance, but it is mistaken for some well-know object.seeking the interpretation of these most interesting and elaborate adaptations, attempts have been made along two lines. Thefirst seeks to explain the effect as a result of the direct influence of the environment upon the individual (G.L.L.Buffon), or by the inherited effects of efforts and the use and disuse of parts (marck). The second believes that natural selection produced the result andafterwards maintained it by the survival of the best concealed in each generation.The former suggestion breaks down when the complex nature of numerous special resemblances is appreciated. Thus the arrangement of colors of many kinds into an appropriate pattern requires thecooperation of a suitable shape and the rigidly exact adoption of a certain elaborate attitude. The latter is instinctive and thus dependson the central nervous system. The cryptic effect is due to the exact cooperation of all these factors; and in the present state of science, the only possible hole of an interpretation lies in the theory ofnatural selection, which can accumulate any and every variation which tends toward survival. A few of the chief types of methods by which concealment is effected may be briefly described. The colors of large numbers of vertebrate animals are darkest on the back and become gradually lighter on the sides, passing into white on the belly. Abbot H.Thayer has suggested that this gradation obliterates the appearance of solidity, which is due to shadow.The color harmony, which is also essential to concealment, is produced because the back is of the same tint as the environment (e. g. earth), bathed in the cold blue-white of the sky, while the belly, being cold blue-white and bathed in shadow and yellow earth reflections produces the same effects. This method of neutralizing shadow for the purpose of concealment by increased lightness of tint was first suggested by E.B.Poulton in the case of a larva and a pupa, but he did not appreciate the great importance of the principle. In an analogous method an animal in front of a background of dark shadow may have part of its body obliterated by the existence of a dark tint, the remainder resembling, e.g., a part of a leaf. This method of rendering invisible any part which would interfere with the resemblance is well know in mimicry.1. The black and white stripes of the zebra are most useful form[A] hunters. [B] nocturnal predators[C] lions and tigers. [C] insectivorous Vertrbrata2. Aggressive resemblance occurs when[A] a predaceous attitude is assumed.[B] special resemblance is utilized.[C] an animal relies on speed.[D] an animal blends in with its background.3. Special resemblance differs from general resemblance in that the animal relies on[A] its ability to frighten its adversary. [B] speed.[C] its ability to assume an attitude. [D] mistaken identify4. The title below that best expresses the ides of this passage is[A] Cryptic coloration for Protection. [B] How Animals Survive.[C] The uses of Mimicry in Nature. [D] Resemblances of Animals.5. Of the following which is the least common?[A] protective resemblance. [B] General resemblance.[C] Aggressive resemblance. [D] Special resemblance.答案详解：1. B. 夜间活动的`食肉动物。
专业英语八级(阅读)练习试卷11(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（阅读）练习试卷11(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.5%. Regulators do not expect big changes in either country. Indeed, some advocates of liberalisation worry that open postal markets will fail to attraet new entrants and that elimi- nating the reserved area will not guarantee competition. The debate over market opening is an opportunity to find out what people really want from their postal services and a chance to rethink how they work, says Michael Critelli, the boss of Pitney Bowes, a company that makes postal equipment and software. Some people might, for example, choose to have domestic mail delivered to their offices on weekdays, he suggests. But such innovations will happen only if national governments can be discouraged from stamping the commission’s proposals “return to sender”.6．The phrase “chipped away at” in the first paragraph probably meansA．appealed.B．repealed.C．aggravated.D．consolidated.正确答案：B解析：语义题。
英语八级阅读试题及答案
英语八级阅读试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
AIn recent years, the popularity of online learning has surged as more people seek flexible and convenient ways to acquire new skills and knowledge. According to a report by the National Center for Education Statistics, the number of students enrolled in online courses has increased by 400% in the past decade.1. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The increase in online learning.B) The benefits of flexible learning.C) The statistics of education enrollment.D) The drawbacks of traditional learning.2. What does the passage indicate about the trend in online learning?A) It has decreased.B) It is stable.C) It is growing.D) It is uncertain.BThe article discusses the environmental impact of plastic waste, highlighting the need for more sustainable alternatives. It suggests that biodegradable materials could be a viable solution to the problem of plastic pollution.3. What is the main concern of the article?A) The cost of biodegradable materials.B) The environmental impact of plastic waste.C) The production process of plastics.D) The benefits of plastic products.4. What solution does the article propose?A) Reducing plastic production.B) Recycling plastic waste.C) Using biodegradable materials.D) Ignoring the problem.CThe following is an excerpt from a book review about a novel that explores the complexities of human relationships and the search for identity.5. What is the main focus of the book being reviewed?A) The simplicity of human relationships.B) The complexities of human relationships.C) The ease of finding one's identity.D) The lack of depth in modern literature.6. What can be inferred about the novel?A) It is a simple read.B) It is a complex narrative.C) It is a light-hearted comedy.D) It lacks depth.答案：1-4 A C B B5-6 B B二、快速阅读（共15分）快速阅读下列短文，然后回答问题。
英语专业八级阅读及答案
Most earthquakes occur within the upper 15 miles of the earth's surface. But earthquakes can and d o occur at all depths to about 460 miles. Their number decreases as the depth increases. At about 460 miles one earthquake occurs only every few years. Near the surface earthquakes may run as hi gh as 100 in a month, but the yearly average does not vary much. In comparison with the total nu mber of earthquakes each year, the number of disastrous earthquakes is very small.The extent of the disaster in an earthquake depends on many factors. If you carefully build a t oy house with an erect set, it will still stand no matter how much you shake the table. But if you build a toy house with a pack of cards, a slight shake of the table will make it fall. An earthqua ke in Agadir, Morocco, was not strong enough to be recorded on distant instruments, but it comple tely destroyed the city. Many stronger earthquakes have done comparatively little damage. If a build ing is well constructed and built on solid ground, it will resist an earthquake. Most deaths in earth quakes have been due to faulty building construction or poor building sites. A third and very seriou s factor is panic. When people rush out into narrow streets, more deaths will result.The United Nations has played an important part in reducing the damage done by earthquakes. It has sent a team of experts to all countries known to be affected by earthquakes. Working with local geologists and engineers, the experts have studied the nature of the ground and the type of m ost practical building code for the local area. If followed, these suggestions will make disastrous ear thquakes almost a thing of the past.There is one type of earthquake disaster that little can be done about. This is the disaster caus ed by seismic sea waves, or tsunamis. (These are often called tidal waves, but the name is incorrec t. They have nothing to do with tides.) In certain areas, earthquakes take place beneath the sea. Th ese submarine earthquakes sometimes give rise to seismic sea waves. The waves are not noticeable out at sea because of their long wave length. But when they roll into harbors, they pile up into wa lls of water 6 to 60 feet high. The Japanese c all them "tsunamis", meaning "harbor waves", becaus e they reach a sizable height only in harbors.Tsunamis travel fairly slowly, at speeds up to 500 miles an hour. An adequate warning system is in use to warn all shores likely to be reached by the waves. But this only enables people to le ave the threatened shores for higher ground. There is no way to stop the oncoming wave.1. Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the passageA. The number of earthquakes is closely related to depth.B. Roughly the same number of earthquakes occur each year.C. Earthquakes are impossible at depths over 460 miles.D. Earthquakes are most likely to occur near the surfaces.2. The destruction of Agadir is an example of ______.A. faulty building constructionB. an earthquake's strengthC. widespread panic in earthquakesD. ineffective instruments3. The United Nations' experts are supposed to______.A. construct strong buildingsB. put forward proposalsC. detect disastrous earthquakesD. monitor earthquakes4. The significance of the slow speed of tsunamis is that people may______.A. notice them out at seaB. find ways to stop themC. be warned early enoughD. develop warning systems参考答案：1~4 C A B C 1~5 ADBDC 6~10 ADBCA。
专业英语八级(阅读)练习试卷25(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（阅读）练习试卷25(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 2. READING COMPREHENSIONPART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.To Get on the Same Page Sami Adwan is the very model of a soft-spoken professor. He measures his words, and listens carefully to what others have said. Yet while pursuing a Ph.D. at the University of San Francisco in the 1980s, Adwan not only refused to listen to Jewish students, he says but he dropped out of classes if he knew they included Jews. A Palestinian born in the village of Surif, near Hebron, Adwan had grown up under the shadow of the Israeli occupation, hearing tales from his father and grandfather of how Jews had seized the family’s orange groves and wheat fields in 1948. Returning to his homeland with his degree, Adwan joined the then outlawed Fatah Party and was thrown into an Israeli jail in 1993. That was his real education. While awaiting charges, Adwan overheard two Israeli soldiers arguing over whether he should be made to sign a document in Hebrew that he couldn’t read. Shocked to hear one of his enemies defending his rights, Adwan decided that he had some things to learn about the Jewish nation. So much of the gulf in understanding that plagues the Middle East has to do with the willful disregard for the other’s point of view. Israelis refer to the 1948 conflict that gave birth to their nation as the War of Independence; Palestinians know it as the Nakba, or Catastrophe. What Israelis call “the riots of 1920”—when Palestinians attacked Jewish neighborhoods around Jerusalem and Jaffa—are termed “the popular uprisings”by the other side. Adwan, a lecturer at Bethlehem University, has spent much of his professional career trying to bridge this gap. Together with Dan Bar-On, a social psychologist at Ben Gurion University in southern Israel, he now co-directs the Peace Research Institute in the Middle East (PRIME). Since 2002 the group has produced three booklets to use in Palestinian and Israeli high schools that force each side to confront a contradictory vision of history. Each page is divided into three: the Palestinian and Israeli narratives and a third section left blank for the pupil to fill in. “The idea is not to legitimize or accept the other’s narrative but to recognize it,”Adwan says. “The [historical] dates may be the same, but the interpretation of each side is very different.”Side by side, the divergent world views are striking. Zionism is described in the Israeli column as “a result of... the continuation of anti-Semitism [in Europe], the inspiration of other national movements, and the continual connection of the people of Israel to the land of Israel.”It bears little resemblance to the “imperialist political movement that bestowed a nationalist characteristic to the Jews”known to Palestinians. Educators in otherconflict-ridden societies are taking notice. Last year the Center for Human Rights and Conflict Resolution at Skopje University in Macedonia published their own parallel Macedonian-Albanian narratives based on PRIME’s model. “If the Israeli and Palestinian teachers managed to overcome the incredible gap between themselves, we can do it here,” says Skopje University professor Violeta Petroska- Beska. In France, Which suffers from its own tensions between Muslims and non- Muslims, the PRIME booklet “Learning the Other’s Narrative” has sold more than 23,000 copies. It’s also been translated into English, Spanish, Italian, Catalan and Basque, and later this year will be produced in German. American educators in Virginia and Philadelphia have expressed interest in introducing the narratives into classes on conflict resolution. Closer to home, however, the text has had a harder time. “When we established PRIME in 1998, we thought peace was around the corner,” says Adwan. “Today both Dan and I know it was a wishful thinking.” Shortly after the beginning of the second Palestinian intifada in 2000, Bar-On and Adwan found themselves stand on different sides of an Israeli checkpoint near Bethlehem, begging soldiers to let them shift a couple of yards closer to each other so they could discuss the project. In 2004, right- wing Israeli Education Minister Limor Livnat threatened teachers with disciplinary action if they used the booklet. One West Bank teacher has given lessons in her house for fear of reprisal and another, from a refugee camp near Jerusalem, was threatened by colleagues and parents for teaching what they called “normalization under occupation.”Asked whether the booklets will ever be a part of the local school curriculum, Adwan shakes his head slowly, shrugs and looks out his office window. From there he has a fine view of the wall that snakes between Jerusalem and Bethlehem, dividing Israel from the West Bank.1．According to the passage, Adwan’s real education took place ______.A．in an Israeli jailB．in the village of SurifC．at Bethlehem UniversityD．at the University of San Francisco正确答案：A解析：由第一和第二段可知，爱德万在以色列监狱时，偶尔听到了两名以色列士兵的对话，改变了他对以色列人的看法。
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英语专业八级阅读考试试题及答案2018年英语专业八级阅读考试试题及答案A man may lead a horse to the water, but he cannot make him drink.以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的2018年英语专业八级阅读考试试题及答案，希望能给大家带来帮助!Federal Government's HelpFederal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960’s when the Small Business Administration (SBA) began making federally guaranteed loans and government-sponsored management and technical assistance available to minority business enterprises. While this program enabled many minority entrepreneurs to form new businesses, the results were disappointing, since managerial inexperience, unfavorable locations, and capital shortages led to high failure rates. Even 15 years after the program was implemented, minority business receipts were not quite two percent of the national economy’s total receipts.Recently federal policymakers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the minority business sector by moving away from directly aiding small minority enterprises and toward supporting large, growth-oriented minority firms through intermediary companies. In this approach, large corporations participate in the development of successful and stable minority businesses by making use of government-sponsored venture capital. The capital is used by a participating company to establish a Minority Enterprise Small Businesses that have potential to become future suppliers of customers of the sponsoring company.MESBIC’s are the result of the belief that pr ovidingestablished firms with easier access to relevant management techniques and more job-specific experience, as well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available. Further, since potential markets for the minority businesses already exist through the sponsoring companies, the minority businesses face considerably less risk in terms of location and market fluctuation. Following early financial and operating problems, sponsoring corporations began to capitalize MESBIC’s far above the legal minimum of $500,000 in order to generate sufficient income and to sustain the quality of management needed. MES BIC’s are now emerging as increasingly important financing sources for minority enterprises.Ironically, MESBIC staffs, which usually consist of Hispanic and Black professionals, tend to approach investments in minority firms more pragmatically than do many MESBIC directors, who are usually senior managers from sponsoring corporations. The latter often still think mainly in terms of the ‘social responsibility approach’ and thus seem to prefer deals that are riskier and less attractive than normal investment criteria would warrant. Such differences in viewpoint have produced uneasiness among many minority staff members, who feel that minority entrepreneurs and businesses should be judged by established business considerations. These staff members believe their point of view is closer to the original philosophy of MESBIC’s and they are concerned that, unless a more prudent course if followed, MESBIC directors may revert to policies likely to re-create the disappointing results of the original SBAapproach.1. Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage?[A] The use of MESBIC’s for aiding minority entrepreneurs seems to have greater potential for success than does the original SBA approach.[B] There is a crucial difference in point of view between the staff and directors of some MESBIC’s.[C] After initial problems with management and marketing, minority businesses have begun to expand at a steady rate.[D] Minority entrepreneurs wishing to form new businesses now have several equally successful federal programs on which to rely.2. According to the passage, the MESBIC approach differ s from the SBA approach in that MESBIC’s[A] seek federal contracts to provide market for minority businesses.[B] Encourage minority businesses to provide markets for other minority businesses.[C] Attempt to maintain a specified rate of growth in the minority business sector.[D] Rely on the participation of large corporations to finance minority businesses.3. Which of the following statements about the SBA program can be inferred from the passage?[A] The maximum term for loans made to recipient businesses was 15 years.[B] Business loans were considered to be more useful to recipient businesses than was management and technical assistance.[C] The anticipated failure rate for recipient businesses was significantly lower than the rate that actually resulted.[D] Recipient businesses were encouraged to relocate to areas more favorable for business development.4. The author refers to the ‘financial and operati ng problems’ encountered by MESBIC’s primarily in order to[A] broaden the scope of the discussion to include the legal considerations of funding MESBIC’s through sponsoring companies.[B] call attention to the fact that MESBIC’s must receive adequate funding in order to function effectively.[C] show that sponsoring companies were willing to invest only $500,000 of government-sponsored venture capital in the original MESBIC’s.[D] Compare SBA and MESBIC limits on minimum funding.5. It can be inferred from the passage that the attitude of some MESBIC staff member toward the investments preferred by some MESBIC directors can be best described as[A] disappointing.[B] Indifferent.[C] Shocked.[D] Defensive.答案详解：1. A 运用MESBIC来帮助少数民族企业似乎比原来SBA的方法更具成功的可能性。