高考语法词法动词

高考语法词法、词类辨析动词动词和动词短语是考查的重点。

通常考查：动词的辨异、动词的不规则变化、某些动词的习惯用法和动词短语等。

一、动词的基本形式1．第三人称单数形式 2．过去式 3．过去分词 4．现在分词（同学们应在课下将各个词的形式熟记。

）二、形状相似的动词的误用这类动词的误用主要是由于其拼法相似、词根同或在不规则变化中因某些相似而引起。

1．lie与lay的区别lie ---- lay ---- lain ---- lying lie ---- lied ---- lied ---- lyinglay ---- laid ---- laid ---- laying2．hang（悬挂）与hang（绞死、吊死）的区别hang ---- hung ---- hung ---- hanginghang ---- hanged ---- hanged ---- hanging3．rise与raiserise ---- rose ---- risen (vi.) raise ---- raised ---- raised (vt.) 4．experience（v. & n. 经历 n. 经验）与experiment（n. & v. 实验）5．loose（松开、解开）与lose（丢失）6．insist on（坚持）与stick to（坚持）7．effect（n. 效果 v. 使有效）与affect（v. 影响），effort三、动词与其它词因词形相似而引起的误用常见的词有：accept ---- expert ---- except ---- expectadvise ---- advice / practice ---- practicebath ---- bathe / breath ---- breathechoose ---- choicepass ---- passed ---- pastsucceed ---- success ---- successful ---- successfully四、常用动词的词义与搭配HAVE1.have sth. done have sb. (sth.) doing have sb. dohave sb. (sth.) done / doing … / do …用在否定句中have可表示“允许、忍受、容忍”。

e.g. We’ll not have you tell him what to do.（不允许）They can’t have that sort of thing happening.（容忍）I’ve never had anything said against her.（不容忍）2.表示“有”时带不定式做定语表“将来”，带分词做定语表“正在进行”【比较】He has a lot of work to do. （带to的不定式做定语，逻辑主语是句子主语，to do与work之间是动宾关系且不定式为及物动词或相当于及物动词（vi.+介）的主动式） I’ll go to the post office; do you have a letter to be posted?（post 不是由句子主语执行，故用及物或相当于及物动词的被动式）MAKE1．句型：make + 宾语，make + 双宾语，make + 宾语 + 名词，make + 宾语 + adj.，make + it + adj. / n. +to do sth. / that-clause，make sb. / sth. do，make sth. / oneself done2．短语：make an apology to …；make a face；make a living；make a mistake；make a speech（作演讲）；make friends with；make fun of；make room for；make use of；make the best of（尽量利用、善用）；make preparations for；make sentences with；make repairs；make great / rapid progress；make trouble（引起麻烦）；make one’s way（前进、行进）；make up one’s mind；make up（构成、弥补、虚构、打扮）；make sure / certain；make a bed（铺床）；make a decision；make a discovery；make a journey；make a plan for；make an effort（努力）；make difference（区别）；make laws（制订法律）；make tea（沏茶）；make a record（录制唱片）；make money；make a choice （进行选择）；make a suggestion（提建议），make war（开战）DO注意do和make：一般说来，“do”含有“进行某项活动”的意思，而“make”含有“造出新东西”的意思。

do business（做买卖），do sb. a favour，do some / much / my cooking，do wrong，do sb. good / harm / wrong(do good to sb.)（对……有益/有害/冤枉），do the room（整理房间），do away with（取消、废除），do copies（复制），do one’s hair（做头发），do one’s duty，do the opposite（做相反的事）,do the deed（生效）GOgo upstairs，go to prison，go to sea （去航海），go to the sea（去海滨），go to the cinema / movie / pictures，go shopping，be gone（（人）不在、走了；（物）丢失、用完了），go hungry，go by（（时间）过去；经过（地点）），go down（下去；（船等的）下沉），go on（（时间）过去、流逝（相当于go by）；继续），go out（出去；（灯或火的）熄灭），go over，go on doing sth.，go on to do sth.，go on with sth.，go for a walk，go a visit to，go to collegeSUPPOSE1．表“认为、猜想”时否定、疑问、回答的方式。

e.g. I suppose he’ll trouble you again, won’t he? He doesn’t suppose you are right, does he?简略答语常说：I suppose so / I don’t suppose so (I suppose not.)具备这种用法的词还有：think, imagine, believe注意：常说I hope so (not), I’m afraid so (not), I fear so (not), I’m sure so (not).2．作插入语 e.g. Who do you suppose telephoned me yesterday?3．接复合宾语用to be做补足语，不用to do结构，但有时可用完成式或进行式。

e.g.I suppose him to be fifty. She was supposed to have left home / to be writing. 4．be (not) supposed to do “应当（不应该）”e.g. He was supposed to arrive there an hour ago.（是否到不知道，表示按道理应该……） He should have come an hour ago.（表责备，说明没有按时到）比较：1）He is supposed to be a student.2）He is supposed to come early.5．提出建议，请求 Suppose we go / went for a walk? = What about us going fora walk?（用went语气更婉转）6．假设Suppose / Supposing that he comes, what shall we do?CONSIDER1．consider + 宾语（名词、代词、从句、动名词或不定式的疑问式）考虑2．consider + 宾语 + 宾补（名词、形容词、不定式to be或to have done）认为3．consider it + 名词或形容词 + to do sth.4．consider … as …比较：take … as …与take … for …五、常用动词的词义与搭配CATCH1．抓住 catch sb. by the arm，catch sb. by surprise（乘其不备抓住……）2．钩住、挂住 She caught her dress on the nail. = Her dress got caught on the nail.3．染（患）上；搭（赶）上（交通工具）；听（懂、清）catch a cold，catch the bus，catch what you said，catch up with4．偶然（突然）撞见、发觉；偶然碰上（风雨等），常用被动结构。

catch sb. stealing money，be / get caught in / by the stormGIVEgive a concert，give lessons to，give a lecture，give sb. advice on …，givesb. a message，give sb. a ring，give a report to sb.（向……汇报），give birth to（产仔），give medical care to（对……进行治疗），give out（耗尽），give of （发出（光、热等）），give up，give away（泄露），give one’s life for（为……而献身），give inTAKEtake pictures / photographs / photos，take a seat，take aim（瞄准），take an interest in（对……发生兴趣），take notes（记笔记），take notice（注意），take one’s chance （抓住机会），take one’s leave（告辞），take office，take pity on（怜悯），take steps（采取措施），take the chair（主持开会），take it easy（别着急），take sides in（站在……一边），take one’s time（不急），take turns to do sth.，take one’s temperature，take one’s place，take … for example，take charge of，take pride in，take an action（采取行动），take off，take away，take up，take hold of，takea message for，take great trouble to do sth.，take examinations，take it for grantedthat …（认为……当然），take sth. by mistake（错拿某物）CALLcall at ( some place )，call on sb. / call on sb. to do sth.，call for，call in (a doctor)，call out，call up，call for help，call / draw one’s attention to（引起某人注意某事）COME1．come toe.g. When I came to cooking, he showed great interest. （谈到）We came to know this. (get to know = begin to know)He came to see you. (=came and saw)Finally it came to (itself). （苏醒）The book came to how to learn English. （涉及）It comes to the same thing. （结果是）The number comes to 1000. （达到）2．其它短语：come after（跟着……、为找……而来），come out（出来、（花）开、出版），come at =jump upon（扑向），come up to sb.，come on / upon = come across，come down（下来、减少），come into power（上台），come into being（形成），come into use（使用起来），come true，come along（一起走、快点）GETget out of = get away from = escape（躲避、逃避），get along / on (well / badly) with，get on the bus，get in（进来），get in the crops，get in touch with，getinto trouble，get into the habit of，get off = start off（离去、动身），get off the boot，get off work（下班），get off a good start（起了个好头），get over the difficulties（克服困难），get over the river，get rid of，get round = get about （传开），get through the work（做完工作），get through the test，get sb. through to（给某人接通电话），get down on one’s knees，get down = write down，get to doing sth.（开始做），get down to，get back to sth.（重新做……、重谈……），get sth.back，get sb. to do sth.，get the car goingTURNturn against，turn over，turn in，turn up，turn to sb. for help，turn doctor，turn greenLOOKlook through the book（浏览），look on the book（与某人同看），look into（看里面、调查），look up（查阅、仰视），look about（看四周），look down upon / on，look upon / on … as，look out，look over（看过一遍），look forward toPUTput away（放好），put off（推迟），put on（穿上、上演），put out（发行、熄灭），put down（放下、记下、镇压），put up（张贴、举起、建立），put … into …（送入、输入、把……翻译成……），put sb. to bed（哄某人睡觉），put forward（提出），put one’s heart into………，put up with（容忍、忍受）六、需注意的常用动词的习惯搭配1．有些动词常跟双宾语。