阅读理解-猜测词义

Practice: Most women in Ghana ---the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old--- work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. A. well-educated B. poorly-educated C. taught D. poor
3. 从句：定语从句有时起着解释和说明的作用，据此我们可以推断 出所修饰词的含义。有时根据划线部分后的其它从句也能得出。如：
Howling, interestingly, is a contagious behaviour. When one wolf starts to howl, very likely others will follow. This is often seen to occur in the morning, as if wolves were doing w some sort of “roll call”where wolves all howl together to report their presence. 58.“Howling… is a contagious behaviour”(in the last paragraph)means_______. A.howling is a signal for hunting B.howling is a way of communication C.howling aften occurs in the morning D.howling spreads from one to another
间为类比关系。以此可以推断出loquacious词义为“健谈的”。 3. 根据因果关系猜测词义
在句子或段落中，若两个事物、现象之间构成因果关系， 我 们 可 以 根 据 这 种 逻 辑 关 系 推 知 生 词 词 义 。 如 ： Tom is
considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others. 根据原因状语从句的内容，我们可以推断出生词autocratic指 “独断专行的”。
1、细节理解题(questions of details) 2、词义猜测题(questions of guessing words) 3、推理判断题(questions of inference) 4、主旨归纳题(questions of main idea)
高三英语阅读专题指导
The Skills of Guessing the Words
猜词技巧
• 1.(2011湖南卷)“divergence” most probably 对考纲外生词的猜测 means“____________________.” • 2. .(2011辽宁卷）“address” means 对考纲内熟词新义的猜测 “_____________________.” • 3. (2011湖北卷) “Howling…is a contagious 对句义的猜测 behaviour” means __________________. • 4. （2011江西卷）The underline phrase • ”drawing on ”in paragraph1 probably 对文段中的习语、短语 means“________________.”
“使„„陷入危险，危及、危害”。
Practice:
The football player was penalized for his rudeness and the punishment was a good lesson for him. A. called C. paid B. praised D. punished
Practice:
He is a resolute man. Once he makes up his mind to do something, he won’t give it up halfway. A. strange B. firm C. kind D. clever
StrategyⅣ
with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known
as, define, represent等。
2. 同位语：构成同位关系的两部分之间多用 逗号连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分 号、引号和括号等。需要注意的是：同位 语前还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say, i．e. 等副词或短语出现。
猜词是英语阅读的重要技巧，也是高考中常考的题
型。考生要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、定义、对比、
因果、联想、上下文等线索(各种已知信息)确定词义。
就方法来说，主要根据上下文线索和构词法。高考阅读 文章中更侧重前者。
要求猜测词义的词一般为实词(动词、名词、形容词等)。
How to guess the word’s meaning correctly ?
根据构词法来猜测词义
英语单词的构成方法主要有三种，即复合法、派生 法和转化法。英语单词大多是由词根、词头(前缀)、词 尾(后缀)所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词 的基本含义。在词根前头或后头加上前缀或后缀，可以 词头、词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易地猜测所构 成的新词的含义了。中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：
position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize
his future.
作 者 为 避 免 重 复 使 用 endanger 一 词 用 其 同 义 词 jeopardize 来 替 代 它 ， 由 此 推 知 jeopardize 词 义 为
StrategyⅢ
根据上下文及生活常识猜测词义
1. 我们可以根据上下文与生词密切相关的句子，
对生词进行合情合理同时合乎上下文语境的推测。我们
也可以根据生词后举出的有关例子进行适当归纳，猜测 生e periodicals:_The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning.
根据下文举出的英语杂志名称可知，periodicals
是“期刊”之意。
2. 有时仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系无法猜出 词义。这时，就需要运用生活经验和普通常识确 定词义。例如： The snake slithered through the grass. 根据有关蛇的生活习性的知识，我们可以推 断出slither的词义为“爬行”。
His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals.
动物学家
Strategy I
根据定义猜测词义
通过定义、定语从句/词组或同位语从句/词组等来 确定词义。 1. 直接定义：如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定
义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。 如： In slang
4. 根据同义词的替代关系猜测词义
在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根
据语言环境推断生词词义。如： Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt was never able to steal money
from a customer. This would have endangered his
Practice: He had been getting better but during the night his condition deteriorated. A. became better B. got worse C. stayed the same D. did not change
the term jam constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation. 根据上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是 “困境”。 定义句的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal
2. 根据类比关系猜测词义
表示类比关系的词和短语主要有similarly, like, just as, also, as well等。如： Green loves to talk, and his brothers are
similarly loquacious.
该句中副词similarly表明短语loves to talk与生词loquacious之
Practice:
Before long, many dinners stayed open around the clock. In other words people words, were able to eat in a dinner at any time. A. the meals that people have everyday B. the food that people eat in their meals C. the places where people can have dinner/eat D. the people who serve in a restaurant
Strategy Ⅱ
根据逻辑关系猜测词义
1. 根据对比关系猜测词义 在一个句子或段落中，有时对两个事物或现象进行对 比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词来猜测其词义。 英语中表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要是unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 和while 引导的并列 句等。 如： Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest. 该例中supercilious对许多人来说可能是个生词，但是 句 中 短 语 in contrast( 相 对 照 的 ， 相 对 比 的 ) 提 示 我 们 supercilious和后面词组humble and modest(谦卑又谦虚)是 对比关系。分析出这种关系后，我们便能猜出supercilious 意为“目空一切的，傲慢的”。