15—16学年上学期高二期末考试英语试题(附答案)(14)

2015-2016第一学期高二质检英语试卷第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上该项涂黑。

（A）Eating too much fatty food, exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease. But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately: the air you breathe.Previous studies have linked high exposure (暴露）to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problem, but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke (中风）within as little as a few hours after exposure. In one review of the research, scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants (污染物）were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure. A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers to be of “moderate” (良好）quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure.The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure. However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices. So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.21. The text mainly discusses the relationship between ______ .A. heart problems and air qualityB. heart problems and exercisingC. heart problems and smokingD. heart problems and fatty food22. The und erlined word “modest” in Paragraph 3 most probably means ______ .A. relatively highB. extremely lowC. relatively lowD. extremely high23. The author’s purpose of writing the text is most likely to _______.A.describeB. persuadeC. informD. entertain（B）Deserts are found where there is little rainfall or where rain for a whole year falls in only a few weeks' time. Ten inches of rain may be enough for many plants to survive (存活)if the rain is spread throughout the year, If it falls within one or two months and the rest of the year is dry, those plants may die and a desert may form.Sand begins as tiny pieces of rock that get smaller and smaller as wind and weather wear them down. Sand dunes (沙丘) are formed as winds move the sand across the desert. Bit by bit, the dunes grow over the years, always moving with the winds and changing the shape. Most of them are only a few feet tall, but they can grow to be several hundred feet high.There is, however, much more to a desert than sand. In the deserts of the southwestern United States, cliffs (悬崖) and deep valleys were formed from thick mud that once lay beneath a sea more than millions of years ago. Over the centuries, the water dried up. Wind, sand, rain, heat and cold all wore away at the remaining rocks. The faces of the desert mountains are always changing –-very, very slowly ---as these forces of nature continue to work on the rock.Most deserts have a surprising variety of life. There are plants, animals and insects that have adapted to life in the desert. During the heat of the day a visitor may see very few signs of living things, but as the air begins to cool in the evening, the desert comes to life. As the sun begins to rise again in the sky, the desert once again becomes quiet and lonely.24. Many plants may survive in deserts when__________________.A. it is dry all the year roundB. the rain falls only in a few weeksC. there is little rain in a yearD. the rain is spread out in a year25. Sand dunes are formed when___________________.A. sand piles up graduallyB. there is plenty of rain in a yearC. the sea has dried up over the yearsD. pieces of rock get smaller26. The underlined sentence in the third paragraph probably means that in a desert thereis____________.A. too much sandB. more sand than beforeC. nothing except sandD. something else besides sand27 It can be learned from the text that in a desert____________.A. there is no rainfall throughout the yearB. life exists in rough conditionsC. all sand dunes are a few feet highD. rocks are worn away only by wind and heat（C）International Studies (BA)Key features国际社会)ons with practical researchAbout the courseThe course gives you chances to know great power politics between nation states. It will provide more space to study particular issues such as relationship among countries in the European Union, third world debt, local and international disagreement, and the work of such international bodies as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, and the World Bank.The course puts theories into the working of the international system with close attention to particular countries. You will also have a better knowledge of methods of solving the international problems.Related (相关的) courses●BA (Hons) Community Management ● BA (Hons) Public Policy and Management Employment possibilities●International organizations ● International businessEarth Science (BSc)Key features实地考察)About the courseThe demand for natural resources is becoming an increasingly serious problem for the future of mankind. Graduates in Earth Science will play an important role in meeting this demand, and in knowing the meaning of using the natural resources.The course covers geography and geology. You will carry out fieldwork in the UK and possibly overseas, and a research in an area of interest to you in the final year.Related coursesBSc (Hons) Geography; BSc (Hons) GeologyEmployment possibilitiesMineral , oil, water or other related engineering industries.28. International Studies is a course in _______A. international politicsB. international businessC. international systemsD. international bodies29. After taking the course of International Studies, the students will _______.A. become practical and open-mindedB. have a greater ability to discuss theoriesC. know how to settle international problemsD. have good jobs in any international organizations30. Earth Science, as described in the second text, ______.A. is attractive because of the chances for fieldworkB. pays more attention to practical skills than theoriesC. is built on important courses and the results of recent studiesD. encourages students to play a role in using natural resources31. It can be inferred that the above two texts are written for the students who _______.A. enjoy research workB. plan to choose coursesC. study in the UKD. are interested in overseas fieldwork（D）Thinking is something you choose to do as a fish choose to live in water. To be human is to think. But thinking may come naturally without your knowing how you do it. Thinking about thinking is the key to critical（判断性的）thinking. When you think critically, you take control of your thinking processes(过程). Otherwise, you might be controlled by the ideas of others. Indeed, critical thinking is at the heart of education.The word “critical” here has a special meaning. It does not mean taking one view against another view, as when someone criticizes another person for doing something wrong. The nature of critical thinking is thinking beyond the easily seen—beyond the pictures on TV, the untrue reports in the newspapers, and the faulty reasoning.Critical thinking is an attitude as much as an activity. If you are curious about life and desire to dig deeper into it, you are a critical thinker. If you find pleasure in deep thinking about different ideas, characters, and facts, you are a critical thinker.Activities of the mind and higher-order reasoning are processes of deep and careful consideration. They take time, and do not go hand in hand with the fast speed in today’s world: fast foods, instant coffee, and self-developing film. If you are among the people who believe that speed is a measure of intelligence（智力）, you may learn something new from a story about Albert Einstein. The first time Banesh Hoffman, a scientist, was to discuss his work with Albert Einstein, Hoffman was too nervous to speak. But Einstein immediately put Hoffman at ease by saying, “Please go slowly. I don’t understand things quickly.”32. Critical thinking is important to us because if we do not think critically, ______.A. it will be hard for us to think naturally and fastB. we might be controlled by oth er people’s ideasC. we will follow the ideas of others naturallyD. we might be fooled by other people’s ideas33. If you are a critical thinker, you will ______.A. think deeply about different ideasB. trust the reports in the newspapersC. take one view against another viewD. criticize other people for their mistakes34. In the last paragraph, “something new” suggests that ______A.the smarter you are , the faster you do thingsB.the faster you do things, the smarter you becomeC.speed can improve intelligenceD.intelligence is not decided by speed35. What would be the best title for the passage?A. Thinking and Critical ThinkingB. Understanding Critical ThinkingC. Thinking is Natural and HumanD. Thinking Fast Means Intelligence第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。