An Introduction to Lean Six Sigma
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Dr. Mikel Harry 美国迈克哈里
Process Improvement过程改进
1. Initial Perception of problem感知问题 2. Clarify Problem澄清问题
3. Locate Point of Cause 定位问题的原因
4. Root Cause Analysis 根本原因分析 5. Design Solutions 设计解决方案 6. Measure Effectiveness测量效果
工业行业在发生一些改变-从大规模生产向柔性化,多品种小批量的方式转变 (人们想要更多的色彩、不同的外观、更多的形状等)
• •
Taiichi Ohno was inspired by 3 observations on a trip to America 大野耐一通过在一次美国的访问中观察到的3点受到了鼓舞和启发:
Lean Six Sigma Timeline 精益六西格玛发展史
英国黑啤 Guinness Brewery 休哈特控制图 Shewhart Introduces SPC 戴明14条 Deming •14 Points •7 Deadly Diseases
1900
Ford Assembly Line 福特流水线
Focus聚焦
Assumptions Non-Value added steps exit 假定 非增值步骤排除 Results结果 Reduced cycle time降低周期时间
Waste Defined浪费定义
Wastes
Transport 搬运的浪费
1. 2.
3.
Healthcare Examples以医疗保健来举例
Asking the patient the same questions multiple times 多次问病人同样的问题 Unnecessary carbon copying 不必要的打印和复印 Batch printing patient labels 批量打印病人标签 Hospital-acquired illness - 在医院感染了疾病 Wrong-site surgeries – 错误的现场护理 Medication errors- 用药错误 Dealing with service complaints - 处理服务的投诉和抱怨 Illegible, handwritten information - 难以辨认的,手写信息 Collection of incorrect patient information - 收集了病人错误的信息 Not using people’s mental, creative, and physical abilities 不使用人们的智力, 创造性,和身体能力 Staff not involved in redesigning processes in their workplace 在他们的工作 场所,员工不参与重新设计过程 Nurses and Doctors spending time locating equipment and supplies 护士和医 生花时间定位(寻找)设备和用品 Staff rework due to system failures 由于系统故障,造成的员工返工
1930
Gilbreth, Inc. •Management Theory •Industrial Engineering
1950
Toyota Production System 丰田生产系统
管理理论和工业工程
Lean Six Sigma Timeline 精益六西格玛发展史
SPC和全面质量 摩托罗拉引入6SQ
1.
2. 3.
Motion 多余的动作
1.
2.
Waiting 等待的浪费
1. 2. 3.
Waste Defined浪费定义
Wastes
Over-Production 过量生产的浪费
1. 2. 3. 4.
Healthcare Examples以医疗保健来举例
Multiple signature requirements 多个人员签名的要求 Extra copies of forms 多份表单的副本 Multiple information systems entries 多个信息系统的输入 Printing hard copy of report when digital is sufficient 当电子版本是有效时, 依然打印
快速切换(快速换模)
– The American Grocery Store – led to the Pull system – material use signals when and how stock needs to be replenished 美国杂货店式存储-拉动式生产-关于材料何时需要补充及补充多少的预警信号
– Henry Ford’s assembly line inspired the principle of flow (keep products moving because no value is added while it is sitting still) 福特的装配线遵循了流动的原则(保持产品流动,因为当生产线静止的时候是不增值) – The Indy 500 – Rapid Changeover
我们不可能去做我们所不知道的事情。 除非我们去探索否则我们永远无法知道我们不知道的东西。
We won’t search for what we don’t question. 我们不会去探索我们没有疑问的事情。 We don’t question what we don’t measure. 我们不会对我们没有测量的东西存在疑问。 Hence, we just don’t know.” 因此,我们就是不知道。
An Introduction to Lean Six Sigma 精益六西格玛介绍
“We don’t know what we don’t know. 我们不知道自己不知道什么。 We can’t act on what we don’t know. We won’t know until we search.
– identifying and removing the causes of defects (errors) and variation.g sources of waste within the process识别和消除在过程中导致浪费的根源 – Focusing on outputs that are critical to customers聚焦
Green Belt content plus advanced data analysis 绿带基础上加上先进的数据分析
Black belt content plus program management, leadership skills, some advanced tools 黑带基础上加上项目管理、领导力技术和一些先进的工具 应用
Idle equipment/people 闲置设备和人员 Early admissions for procedures later in the day 过早的准入 Waiting for internal transport between departments 在科室之间的周转的等 待
Inventory 库存的浪费
于客户的关键输出
Define 定义 Control 控制 Measure 测量
Improve 改进
Analyze 分析
• LSS is a management philosophy that seeks to drive a quality culture change through a multi-level based program精益六西格玛是一种管理哲学,旨在一个 通过多层级的管理计划来推动质量文化的改变。
7. Standardize
标准化
Lean Six Sigma Process Improvement 精益六西格玛改进
• Lean Six Sigma Seeks to improve the quality of manufacturing and business process by:
精益六西格玛是在寻找改善制造和业务过程的方法
SPC
TQM
Motorola Introduces Six Sigma
联合信号和通用电气,在业 务流程中引入LSS AlliedSIgnal GE Adapt LSS to Business Processes
1980
Just – in–Time
准时生产
1990
Lean Mfg.
精益生产
2000
Background on Lean 精益生产的背景
Path To Lean 精益生产的路径
Theory原理 Application 请求 Waste is Deadly 浪费是致命的 1.Define Value – act on what is important to the customer 定义价值-基于客户认为最重要和关心的问题去执行 2.Identify Value Stream – understand what steps in the process add value and which don’t定义价值流-了解那些可以增加价值的过程步骤和不能 创造价值的部分 3.Make it flow – keep the work moving at all times and eliminate waste that creates delay流程化-确保在任何时间工作都能够按序进行并且消 除因为延误而导致的浪费。 4.Let customer pull -- Avoid making more or ordering more inputs for customer demand you don’t have客户拉动-避免生产超过客户需求的产 品; 5.Pursue perfection -- there is no optimum level of performance追求完美永远没有最适宜的业绩 Flow Focused 流程聚焦
Level等级
Green Belt 绿带
Lean Six Sigma Process Improvement 精益六西格玛改进
Training培训
LSS Methodology and basic tool set 精益六西格玛的理论和基础工具应用
Black Belt 黑带
Master Black Belt 黑带大师
Moving patients from room to room 将病人从这间病房转到另一间病房。 Poor workplace layouts, for patient services 给病人服务时间,不好的工作 场地的布局, Moving equipment in and out of procedure room or operating room 从设 备从工作间或是手术室搬进搬出 Overstocked medications on units/floors or in pharmacy 在药房储存过多的 药品 Physician orders building up to be entered 已经输入过的订单,又再次输入 Unnecessary instruments contained in operating kits 在手术过程中不必要 的操作仪器设备 Leaving patient rooms to: • Get supplies or record 离开病房后去拿取日用品或者记录; • Documents care provided 已经提供的文件 Large reach/walk distance to complete a process step 完成一个处理步骤,有一个较大的走动距离
• • Lean comes out of the industrial engineering world. 精益生产是从工业工程学演变而来。 Taiichi Ohno – Toyota Production System.大野耐一—丰田生产系统
– 1940s-1950s company was on verge of bankruptcy 1940s-1950s 公司濒临破产 – Dynamics of industry were changing – moving from mass production to more flexible, shorter, varied batch runs (people wanted more colors, different features, more models, etc).
Process Improvement过程改进
1. Initial Perception of problem感知问题 2. Clarify Problem澄清问题
3. Locate Point of Cause 定位问题的原因
4. Root Cause Analysis 根本原因分析 5. Design Solutions 设计解决方案 6. Measure Effectiveness测量效果
工业行业在发生一些改变-从大规模生产向柔性化,多品种小批量的方式转变 (人们想要更多的色彩、不同的外观、更多的形状等)
• •
Taiichi Ohno was inspired by 3 observations on a trip to America 大野耐一通过在一次美国的访问中观察到的3点受到了鼓舞和启发:
Lean Six Sigma Timeline 精益六西格玛发展史
英国黑啤 Guinness Brewery 休哈特控制图 Shewhart Introduces SPC 戴明14条 Deming •14 Points •7 Deadly Diseases
1900
Ford Assembly Line 福特流水线
Focus聚焦
Assumptions Non-Value added steps exit 假定 非增值步骤排除 Results结果 Reduced cycle time降低周期时间
Waste Defined浪费定义
Wastes
Transport 搬运的浪费
1. 2.
3.
Healthcare Examples以医疗保健来举例
Asking the patient the same questions multiple times 多次问病人同样的问题 Unnecessary carbon copying 不必要的打印和复印 Batch printing patient labels 批量打印病人标签 Hospital-acquired illness - 在医院感染了疾病 Wrong-site surgeries – 错误的现场护理 Medication errors- 用药错误 Dealing with service complaints - 处理服务的投诉和抱怨 Illegible, handwritten information - 难以辨认的,手写信息 Collection of incorrect patient information - 收集了病人错误的信息 Not using people’s mental, creative, and physical abilities 不使用人们的智力, 创造性,和身体能力 Staff not involved in redesigning processes in their workplace 在他们的工作 场所,员工不参与重新设计过程 Nurses and Doctors spending time locating equipment and supplies 护士和医 生花时间定位(寻找)设备和用品 Staff rework due to system failures 由于系统故障,造成的员工返工
1930
Gilbreth, Inc. •Management Theory •Industrial Engineering
1950
Toyota Production System 丰田生产系统
管理理论和工业工程
Lean Six Sigma Timeline 精益六西格玛发展史
SPC和全面质量 摩托罗拉引入6SQ
1.
2. 3.
Motion 多余的动作
1.
2.
Waiting 等待的浪费
1. 2. 3.
Waste Defined浪费定义
Wastes
Over-Production 过量生产的浪费
1. 2. 3. 4.
Healthcare Examples以医疗保健来举例
Multiple signature requirements 多个人员签名的要求 Extra copies of forms 多份表单的副本 Multiple information systems entries 多个信息系统的输入 Printing hard copy of report when digital is sufficient 当电子版本是有效时, 依然打印
快速切换(快速换模)
– The American Grocery Store – led to the Pull system – material use signals when and how stock needs to be replenished 美国杂货店式存储-拉动式生产-关于材料何时需要补充及补充多少的预警信号
– Henry Ford’s assembly line inspired the principle of flow (keep products moving because no value is added while it is sitting still) 福特的装配线遵循了流动的原则(保持产品流动,因为当生产线静止的时候是不增值) – The Indy 500 – Rapid Changeover
我们不可能去做我们所不知道的事情。 除非我们去探索否则我们永远无法知道我们不知道的东西。
We won’t search for what we don’t question. 我们不会去探索我们没有疑问的事情。 We don’t question what we don’t measure. 我们不会对我们没有测量的东西存在疑问。 Hence, we just don’t know.” 因此,我们就是不知道。
An Introduction to Lean Six Sigma 精益六西格玛介绍
“We don’t know what we don’t know. 我们不知道自己不知道什么。 We can’t act on what we don’t know. We won’t know until we search.
– identifying and removing the causes of defects (errors) and variation.g sources of waste within the process识别和消除在过程中导致浪费的根源 – Focusing on outputs that are critical to customers聚焦
Green Belt content plus advanced data analysis 绿带基础上加上先进的数据分析
Black belt content plus program management, leadership skills, some advanced tools 黑带基础上加上项目管理、领导力技术和一些先进的工具 应用
Idle equipment/people 闲置设备和人员 Early admissions for procedures later in the day 过早的准入 Waiting for internal transport between departments 在科室之间的周转的等 待
Inventory 库存的浪费
于客户的关键输出
Define 定义 Control 控制 Measure 测量
Improve 改进
Analyze 分析
• LSS is a management philosophy that seeks to drive a quality culture change through a multi-level based program精益六西格玛是一种管理哲学,旨在一个 通过多层级的管理计划来推动质量文化的改变。
7. Standardize
标准化
Lean Six Sigma Process Improvement 精益六西格玛改进
• Lean Six Sigma Seeks to improve the quality of manufacturing and business process by:
精益六西格玛是在寻找改善制造和业务过程的方法
SPC
TQM
Motorola Introduces Six Sigma
联合信号和通用电气,在业 务流程中引入LSS AlliedSIgnal GE Adapt LSS to Business Processes
1980
Just – in–Time
准时生产
1990
Lean Mfg.
精益生产
2000
Background on Lean 精益生产的背景
Path To Lean 精益生产的路径
Theory原理 Application 请求 Waste is Deadly 浪费是致命的 1.Define Value – act on what is important to the customer 定义价值-基于客户认为最重要和关心的问题去执行 2.Identify Value Stream – understand what steps in the process add value and which don’t定义价值流-了解那些可以增加价值的过程步骤和不能 创造价值的部分 3.Make it flow – keep the work moving at all times and eliminate waste that creates delay流程化-确保在任何时间工作都能够按序进行并且消 除因为延误而导致的浪费。 4.Let customer pull -- Avoid making more or ordering more inputs for customer demand you don’t have客户拉动-避免生产超过客户需求的产 品; 5.Pursue perfection -- there is no optimum level of performance追求完美永远没有最适宜的业绩 Flow Focused 流程聚焦
Level等级
Green Belt 绿带
Lean Six Sigma Process Improvement 精益六西格玛改进
Training培训
LSS Methodology and basic tool set 精益六西格玛的理论和基础工具应用
Black Belt 黑带
Master Black Belt 黑带大师
Moving patients from room to room 将病人从这间病房转到另一间病房。 Poor workplace layouts, for patient services 给病人服务时间,不好的工作 场地的布局, Moving equipment in and out of procedure room or operating room 从设 备从工作间或是手术室搬进搬出 Overstocked medications on units/floors or in pharmacy 在药房储存过多的 药品 Physician orders building up to be entered 已经输入过的订单,又再次输入 Unnecessary instruments contained in operating kits 在手术过程中不必要 的操作仪器设备 Leaving patient rooms to: • Get supplies or record 离开病房后去拿取日用品或者记录; • Documents care provided 已经提供的文件 Large reach/walk distance to complete a process step 完成一个处理步骤,有一个较大的走动距离
• • Lean comes out of the industrial engineering world. 精益生产是从工业工程学演变而来。 Taiichi Ohno – Toyota Production System.大野耐一—丰田生产系统
– 1940s-1950s company was on verge of bankruptcy 1940s-1950s 公司濒临破产 – Dynamics of industry were changing – moving from mass production to more flexible, shorter, varied batch runs (people wanted more colors, different features, more models, etc).