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Present Perfect Tense
• •
• • • • • •
现在完成时的基本句式是 “have（has）＋过去分词”。
① I have seen that film． ． ② I have already finished the homework . ③ Our teacher has left . 基本构成 1.肯定句： 主语（第一、二人称，第三人称复数）+have +过去分词 过去分词+其他 过去分词 主语（第三人称单数）+has+过去分词 过去分词+其他 过去分词 2.否定句 主语+ have/has +not +过去分词 过去分词+其他 过去分词 3.一般疑问句 Have/Has +主语+过去分词 过去分词+其他？ 过去分词 4.特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+have/has +主语+过去分词 过去分词+其他？ 过去分词
• 他的父亲已经去世了 His father has died. 他的父亲已经去世了. • 他的父亲已经去世三年了. 他的父亲已经去世三年了
His father has been dead for three years. • 她已经入党 团了 She has joined the Party/League. 她已经入党/团了 团了.
She has gone. 她走了. 她走了. She went in the past. She is not here now.
He has cleaned the blackboard. The blackboard is clean now. She has seen the film. She knows the film. Eddie has eaten Tom’s food. Tom has nothing to eat now. I have got a new pen. I have a new pen.
切记有些动词是非延续的， 切记有些动词是非延续的，在此用法中要换成其相对应的延续 性动词： 性动词： 常见的非延续性动词与延续性动词转换如下： be come→ die→ be dead come to→ be in ／at put on→ wear be out go out→ catch a cold→ have a cold leave→ be away get to know→ know begin / start→ on be become a teacher→ be a teacher buy→ have fall asleep→ be asleep borrow→ keep go to sleep→ sleep join→ be a member of /be a…member
注意： 注意： 当在肯定陈述句中含有already或just时， 当在肯定陈述句中含有 或 时 在转换成否定句或疑问句时， 在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的 already或just去掉，在句末加上yet. 或 去掉，在句末加上 . 去掉 I have seen the film already.(否) I haven’t seen the film yet. ● I have done my homework already.(一) Have you done your homework yet? ● Mother has just cleaned the house.(否) Mother hasn’t cleaned the house yet.
[since +表示时间点的词]
since 1985 now(2000)
(for fifteen years) 1985 [for+表示一段时间的词] now(2000)
Exercises. Use “since” or “ for” to fill in the blank. for 1) His mother has been ill ______ a month. since 2) We have had a rest ______ we came back. since 3) They have known each other ______ they were children. for 4) She has taught English in this school _____ about ten years. since 5) He has worked in that hospital ____ he left college. for 6) My mother has been a doctor _____ years. many
规则动词的过去分词的构成方法
动 词 特 征 一般动词 以e结尾 结尾 以“辅音字母+Y”结尾 辅音字母 ” 元音字母+Y 元音字母 以重读闭音节结尾 变 化 例 词
词尾加-ed 词尾加 词尾加-d 词尾加 变y为i，再加 为 ，再加-ed 直接加-ed 直接加
look- looked, looked live- lived, lived hope-hoped,hoped carry-carried,carried play-played,played
• 她已经入党 团两个月了. 她已经入党/团两个月了 团两个月了
She has been in the Party/ League for two months. She has been a Party/ League member for two months. • 电影已经开始了 The film has started/begun. 电影已经开始了.
He borrowed a book two days ago.
He has kept the book for two days.
• 他已借了这本书 He has borrowed the book. 他已借了这本书. • 他借了这本书两周. 他借了这本书两周 He has kept the book for 2 weeks/ since 2 weeks ago. • 她买了那件外套 She has bought the coat. 她买了那件外套. • 她已买那件外套一个月了. 她已买那件外套一个月了 She has had the coat for a month/ since a month ago. • 这家商店已经开业 关闭了 The shop has opened/closed. 这家商店已经开业/关闭了 关闭了. • 这家商店已经开业/关闭半年了 这家商店已经开业 关闭半年了. 关闭半年了 The shop has been open/closed for half a year. • 他们已经离开了家乡 They have left their hometown. 他们已经离开了家乡. • 他们已经离开家乡五年了. 他们已经离开家乡五年了 They have been away from their hometown for 5 years.
present.
People began to use buses in 1935. People have used buses for 73 years. People have used buses since 73 years ago. People have used buses since 1935.
●
现在完成时态的含义(2) 现在完成时态的含义(2)
表示过去开始一直延续到现在的动作.其 表示过去开始一直延续到现在的动作 其 We used the present perfect tense to talk about things that 时间段 the past 主要特征为:时间段 延续性. 时间段,延续性 主要特征为 started in延续性 and continue to the
Байду номын сангаас
现在完成时态的含义(1) 现在完成时态的含义(1)
We use the present perfect tense to talk 表示过去发生的或已完成的动作对现 about the things that 。特点是既涉及过去， 在造成的影响或结果。特点是既涉及过去， 在造成的影响或结果 happened in the past and have connection with the present. 又联系现在.动作是过去发生的，结果是现 又联系现在.动作是过去发生的， 在存在的。 在存在的。
常与already, just, yet, ever, never, before等连用 常与 等连用 . 1. I ___________ (do) my homework already. have done 2. He _________________(not finished) his has not finished homework yet. 3. _______you ever ______ (be) to Haiwaii? Have been 4. We have never seen (see) such an exciting ______ ______ match before. cleaned 5. Mother _____ just _______(clean) the house. has Please don’t come in. 6. They _________________(practice) this have practiced dialogue twice.
延续性动词与非延续性动词在现在完成时中的使用。 延续性动词与非延续性动词在现在完成时中的使用。 在现在完成时中的使用
（1）延续性动词：be，have，know，live， work，study，learn，teach，speak，talk，draw， wait，wear，walk，sleep等，这些动词可以和表示一段时 间的状语连用。例如： Uncle Wang has worked in this factory for ten years． 王伯伯在这家工厂工作十年了。 （2）非延续性动词：come，go，arrive， reach，see，hear，close，leave，begin，start，lose， buy，fall，join，die等，这些动词可用于完成时态， 说明某个动作的结果还存在，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连 用。例如： 【正】The play has begun. 戏开演了。（戏正在演着） 【误】The play has begun for half an hour． 戏开演半小时了。 【正】 The play has been on for half an hour.
一段时间的表达方法有 一段时间的表达方法有 两 种: For : + 一段时间 for a year for three years for two weeks
Since ：过去的某一时刻 since nine since last 过去的某一时刻, week
提问：How long
You have lived in Shenzhen since 1985. You have lived in Shenzhen for fifteen years.
双写最后一个辅音 stop-stopped,stopped 字母，再加-ed plan-planned-planned 字母，再加
• 常与现在完成时连用的副词：already，just， yet，ever，never等。already，just多用于肯定 句中，yet，ever，never多用于疑问句和否定句 中。如： • I have already finished my homework homework． • 我已经做完家庭作业了。 • He has just had his meal．他刚吃过饭。 • They haven‘t started yet．他们还没有动身。 • We have never heard of it．我们从来没有听说 过这件事。
• •
• • • • • •
现在完成时的基本句式是 “have（has）＋过去分词”。
① I have seen that film． ． ② I have already finished the homework . ③ Our teacher has left . 基本构成 1.肯定句： 主语（第一、二人称，第三人称复数）+have +过去分词 过去分词+其他 过去分词 主语（第三人称单数）+has+过去分词 过去分词+其他 过去分词 2.否定句 主语+ have/has +not +过去分词 过去分词+其他 过去分词 3.一般疑问句 Have/Has +主语+过去分词 过去分词+其他？ 过去分词 4.特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+have/has +主语+过去分词 过去分词+其他？ 过去分词
• 他的父亲已经去世了 His father has died. 他的父亲已经去世了. • 他的父亲已经去世三年了. 他的父亲已经去世三年了
His father has been dead for three years. • 她已经入党 团了 She has joined the Party/League. 她已经入党/团了 团了.
She has gone. 她走了. 她走了. She went in the past. She is not here now.
He has cleaned the blackboard. The blackboard is clean now. She has seen the film. She knows the film. Eddie has eaten Tom’s food. Tom has nothing to eat now. I have got a new pen. I have a new pen.
切记有些动词是非延续的， 切记有些动词是非延续的，在此用法中要换成其相对应的延续 性动词： 性动词： 常见的非延续性动词与延续性动词转换如下： be come→ die→ be dead come to→ be in ／at put on→ wear be out go out→ catch a cold→ have a cold leave→ be away get to know→ know begin / start→ on be become a teacher→ be a teacher buy→ have fall asleep→ be asleep borrow→ keep go to sleep→ sleep join→ be a member of /be a…member
注意： 注意： 当在肯定陈述句中含有already或just时， 当在肯定陈述句中含有 或 时 在转换成否定句或疑问句时， 在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的 already或just去掉，在句末加上yet. 或 去掉，在句末加上 . 去掉 I have seen the film already.(否) I haven’t seen the film yet. ● I have done my homework already.(一) Have you done your homework yet? ● Mother has just cleaned the house.(否) Mother hasn’t cleaned the house yet.
[since +表示时间点的词]
since 1985 now(2000)
(for fifteen years) 1985 [for+表示一段时间的词] now(2000)
Exercises. Use “since” or “ for” to fill in the blank. for 1) His mother has been ill ______ a month. since 2) We have had a rest ______ we came back. since 3) They have known each other ______ they were children. for 4) She has taught English in this school _____ about ten years. since 5) He has worked in that hospital ____ he left college. for 6) My mother has been a doctor _____ years. many
规则动词的过去分词的构成方法
动 词 特 征 一般动词 以e结尾 结尾 以“辅音字母+Y”结尾 辅音字母 ” 元音字母+Y 元音字母 以重读闭音节结尾 变 化 例 词
词尾加-ed 词尾加 词尾加-d 词尾加 变y为i，再加 为 ，再加-ed 直接加-ed 直接加
look- looked, looked live- lived, lived hope-hoped,hoped carry-carried,carried play-played,played
• 她已经入党 团两个月了. 她已经入党/团两个月了 团两个月了
She has been in the Party/ League for two months. She has been a Party/ League member for two months. • 电影已经开始了 The film has started/begun. 电影已经开始了.
He borrowed a book two days ago.
He has kept the book for two days.
• 他已借了这本书 He has borrowed the book. 他已借了这本书. • 他借了这本书两周. 他借了这本书两周 He has kept the book for 2 weeks/ since 2 weeks ago. • 她买了那件外套 She has bought the coat. 她买了那件外套. • 她已买那件外套一个月了. 她已买那件外套一个月了 She has had the coat for a month/ since a month ago. • 这家商店已经开业 关闭了 The shop has opened/closed. 这家商店已经开业/关闭了 关闭了. • 这家商店已经开业/关闭半年了 这家商店已经开业 关闭半年了. 关闭半年了 The shop has been open/closed for half a year. • 他们已经离开了家乡 They have left their hometown. 他们已经离开了家乡. • 他们已经离开家乡五年了. 他们已经离开家乡五年了 They have been away from their hometown for 5 years.
present.
People began to use buses in 1935. People have used buses for 73 years. People have used buses since 73 years ago. People have used buses since 1935.
●
现在完成时态的含义(2) 现在完成时态的含义(2)
表示过去开始一直延续到现在的动作.其 表示过去开始一直延续到现在的动作 其 We used the present perfect tense to talk about things that 时间段 the past 主要特征为:时间段 延续性. 时间段,延续性 主要特征为 started in延续性 and continue to the
Байду номын сангаас
现在完成时态的含义(1) 现在完成时态的含义(1)
We use the present perfect tense to talk 表示过去发生的或已完成的动作对现 about the things that 。特点是既涉及过去， 在造成的影响或结果。特点是既涉及过去， 在造成的影响或结果 happened in the past and have connection with the present. 又联系现在.动作是过去发生的，结果是现 又联系现在.动作是过去发生的， 在存在的。 在存在的。
常与already, just, yet, ever, never, before等连用 常与 等连用 . 1. I ___________ (do) my homework already. have done 2. He _________________(not finished) his has not finished homework yet. 3. _______you ever ______ (be) to Haiwaii? Have been 4. We have never seen (see) such an exciting ______ ______ match before. cleaned 5. Mother _____ just _______(clean) the house. has Please don’t come in. 6. They _________________(practice) this have practiced dialogue twice.
延续性动词与非延续性动词在现在完成时中的使用。 延续性动词与非延续性动词在现在完成时中的使用。 在现在完成时中的使用
（1）延续性动词：be，have，know，live， work，study，learn，teach，speak，talk，draw， wait，wear，walk，sleep等，这些动词可以和表示一段时 间的状语连用。例如： Uncle Wang has worked in this factory for ten years． 王伯伯在这家工厂工作十年了。 （2）非延续性动词：come，go，arrive， reach，see，hear，close，leave，begin，start，lose， buy，fall，join，die等，这些动词可用于完成时态， 说明某个动作的结果还存在，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连 用。例如： 【正】The play has begun. 戏开演了。（戏正在演着） 【误】The play has begun for half an hour． 戏开演半小时了。 【正】 The play has been on for half an hour.
一段时间的表达方法有 一段时间的表达方法有 两 种: For : + 一段时间 for a year for three years for two weeks
Since ：过去的某一时刻 since nine since last 过去的某一时刻, week
提问：How long
You have lived in Shenzhen since 1985. You have lived in Shenzhen for fifteen years.
双写最后一个辅音 stop-stopped,stopped 字母，再加-ed plan-planned-planned 字母，再加
• 常与现在完成时连用的副词：already，just， yet，ever，never等。already，just多用于肯定 句中，yet，ever，never多用于疑问句和否定句 中。如： • I have already finished my homework homework． • 我已经做完家庭作业了。 • He has just had his meal．他刚吃过饭。 • They haven‘t started yet．他们还没有动身。 • We have never heard of it．我们从来没有听说 过这件事。