VIEWLINE Road Show
《自主代客泊车系统总体技术要求》(征求意见稿)
6.1 停车场场地规范 ................................................................ 19 6.1.1 场地分级规范 .............................................................. 19 6.1.2 车场匹配 .................................................................. 21 6.1.3 场地标识规范 .............................................................. 22 6.1.3.1 位置标识 ................................................................ 22 6.1.3.2 跨层标识 ................................................................ 23 6.1.3.3 十字路口处标识 .......................................................... 24 6.1.3.4 丁字路口处标识 .......................................................... 24 6.1.3.5 闸口/收费口标识.......................................................... 25 6.1.3.6 上下车点标识 ............................................................ 25
道路标准英语名称
第2.1.1条道路road供各种车辆和行人等通行的工程设施。
按其使用特点分为公路、城市道路、厂矿道路、林区道路及乡村道路等。
第2.1.2条公路highway联结城市、乡村，主要供汽车行驶的具备一定技术条件和设施的道路。
第2.1.3条城市道路city road；urban road在城市范围内，供车辆及行人通行的具备一定技术条件和设施的道路。
第2.1.4条厂矿道路factories and mines road主要供工厂、矿山运输车辆通行的道路。
第2.1.5条林区道路forest road建在林区，主要供各种林业运输工具通行的道路。
第2.1.6条乡村道路country road建在乡村、农场，主要供行人及各种农业运输工具通行的道路。
第2.1.7条道路工程road engineering以道路为对象而进行的规划、勘测、设计、施工等技术活动的全过程及其所从事的工程实体。
第2.1.8条道路网road network在一定区域内，由各种道路组成的相互联络、交织成网状分布的道路系统。
全部由各级公路组成的称公路网。
在城市范围内由各种道路组成的称城市道路网。
第2.1.9条道路(网)密度density of road network在一定区域内，道路网的总里程与该区域面积的比值。
第2.1.10条道路技术标准technical standard of road根据道路的性质、交通量及其所处地点的自然条件，确定道路应达到的各项技术指标和规定。
第2.1.11条设计车辆design vehicle道路设计所采用的汽车车型，以其外廓尺寸、重量、运转特性等特征作为道路设计的依据第2.1.12条特种车辆special vehicle外廓尺寸、重量等方面超过设计车辆限界的及特殊用途的车辆。
第2.1.13条计算行车速度(设计车速) design speed道路几何设计(包括平曲线半径、纵坡、视距等)所采用的行车速度。
第2.1.14条道路建筑限界boundary line of road construction为保证车辆和行人正常通行，规定在道路的一定宽度和高度范围内不允许有任何设施及障碍物侵入的空间范围。
城间城_Cities_Between_Cities
在深圳与香港的快速城市化及相互融合的进程中，不平衡的地理与经济发展一方面促进了两地之间的多元化交流，另一方面使得受冲击的双方产生了难以调和的矛盾。
但我们相信，深圳与香港在经历了合作与竞争失衡的阶段后，必定能找到共同合作的平衡点。
正如大卫·哈维所指出的，价值创造及其再定义依赖于社会协作和合作而不是某种个体化的达尔文主义的生存竞争。
我们希望跳出现有条件的束缚，以更大的视野为深港两地的合作提供更加宽泛的议题。
在这里，我们给出一个乌托邦的愿景，描述2047年深港两地在共同利益的促使下，将现有的功能单一的口岸设施改造为指向特定问题的“城间城”，包括居城，悟城，迷城和孝城，以解决两地共同面对的跨境居住，教育，贸易和养老问题。
The frenetic pace of urbanization and economic convergence between Shenzhen and Hong Kong has revealed stark contrasts in geographical and social development while also opening up many opportunities for collaboration and constructive exchange.As the prominent sociologist David Harvey and others have observed, broad-based wealth creation depends on social collaboration and cooperation rather than an individualized Darwinian competition for survival. Collaboration in an urban context relies on equally dynamic and adaptable environments, which is why the design and production of space and place are critical. Here, we offer a utopian vision to transform the limited functions of the border port facilities to better serve the common interests of Shenzhen and Hong Kong in the years leading up to the removal of the border in 2047. “Cities between Cities” envisions a Living City, Learning City, Caring City, and a Trading City to address the major challenges of housing, education, pensioner care, and cross-border trade.城间城深港双年展Cities Between Cities Shenzhen & HongkongExhibitors:2013 The 5th Bi-city Biennale of Urbanism\Architecture (UABB)2014 Shenzhen Design Exhibition, Munich 2018 San Etienne BiennaleManaging Partner: Chen Zetao, Su Jinlefu, Lu Zhiwei Project Leader: Zeng Lianggao, Hu TuofuProject team: Wen Jialin, Feng Shijin, Chen Xuedan, Tang Jiajian, Eelke, Matthew, Xu Xiaoxiao, Xie Jie, Long Yufei, Pan Yumo参展：2013 第五届深港城市\建筑双城双年展2014 慕尼黑深圳设计展2018 圣艾蒂安双年展主管合伙人：陈泽涛，苏晋乐夫，卢志伟项目负责人：曾梁高，胡拓夫项目组：温加林，冯诗瑾，陈雪丹，汤嘉健，Eelke，Matthew，许潇啸，谢洁，龙宇飞，潘雨墨20 WORLD ARCHITECTURE REVIEW 坊城设计建筑事务所专辑SPECIAL ISSUE ON FCHA香港已经陷入住房短缺的危机，而边界对面的深圳，房价比香港要低得多，人均居住面积也远高于香港。
河南省周口恒大中学2023-2024学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题
河南省周口恒大中学2023-2024学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题一、阅读理解Costa Rica is home to everything from steamy rainforests and misty cloud forests. And there’s enough action to satisfy the most demanding thrill-seeker. Below, we look at the places you won’t want to miss.La FortunaYou can get up close to its lava-covered lower slopes by taking the Las Coladas trail, one of several unforgettable hikes around V olcán Arenal National Park, about 7km west of La Fortuna.Around 7km east of La Fortuna, there’s horseback riding, mountain biking, along with kayaking on Lake Arenal. The region’s natural hot springs make the perfect place to ease weary muscles.MonteverdeMonteverde’s mist-wreathed cloud forest reserves sit high on the country’s mountainous spine. It’s one of the world’s biodiversity hot spots, with a shocking diversity of plants and animals.For a bird’s eye view of the forest, take a thrilling ride on a zipline(滑索), skimming the canopy at high speed—Sky Trek Monteverde has an automatic braking system, useful for kids and anxious adults.The Nicoya PeninsulaFamed for its postcard-perfect beaches and sweet Pacific swells, Nicoya has something for wave riders of all levels. There’s wildlife too: Grande Beach is a nesting site for leatherback turtles from October to March.Further south, the remote, jungle-backed town of Santa Teresa is now a hip hangout with cool cafes, sushi restaurants and designer boutiques.1．Who are the targeted readers?A．Scientists.B．Travelers.C．Researchers.D．Guides.2．What can people enjoy in both La Fortuna and Monteverde?A．Outdoor activities.B．Local snacks.C．Wildlife watching.D．V olcano views.3．Where can you seek thrill in water?A．La Fortuna and Monteverde.B．La Fortuna and The Nicoya Peninsula.C．The Nicoya Peninsula and Monteverde.D．Santa Teresa and V olcán Arenal National Park.It wasn’t that long ago that TV advertising was the center of big companies with bigger budgets hoping to raise awareness and interest of their brands (品牌).But the explosive (骤增的) growth of Connected TV (CTV) ruined the traditional model. Yes, major well-known names are still booming on television, but new brands of all backgrounds can unlock the benefits of TV, no matter their size or spend. That’s certainly a well-proven story. Still, one important question remains: Who are these brands that are redefining (重新定义) TV advertising?The truth is just about every company can now be a TV advertiser. Brands were often locked out unless they unwillingly accepted late-night programs or struggling networks, well-known names hoping to measure standards that go beyond brand awareness, direct — to consumer (DTC) businesses with TV dreams and a digital advertising budget, or business — to business brands in need of changing.So why are brands pouring to CTV? Because that’s where the audiences are. In fact, eMarketer estimates that 213.7 million viewers are watching CTV every month.Ad dollars are following that viewership (观众人数): 41 of brands are rescheduling their social budgets toward CTV. And as the list of streaming platforms (直播平台) with or planning to include advertising grows (HB) Max, Hulu, Peacock, Disney+, and Netflix, more dollars are likely to follow.But making the jump to CTV isn’t all about budget. Brands have been slow to do it due to a long lack of TV experience, concerns about responsibility, and an uncertainty around how to approach the enormous medium creatively and effectively.There are still a lot of questions surrounding this new range of opportunity. So, let’s get up close and personal with three brands to understand why they’ve made the jump into CTV andfinally, how they became successful CTV advertisers.4．What can we infer from the second paragraph?A．Traditional TV advertising is up-to-date.B．The Connected TV needs famous brands.C．TV advertising cannot support big companies.D．Some brands in TV advertising are questionable.5．Why do brands jump to CTV according to the text?A．High viewer ratings.B．Flexible budget plans.C．Creative trade access.D．Convenient business model.6．What is the author’s attitude towards CTV advertising?A．Neutral.B．Positive.C．Unclear.D．Disapproving 7．What is probably continued with the text?A．Brands which make it.B．Questions to be dealt with.C．Approaches to be explored.D．Media that need transformingHave you ever bought a new car and started noticing the exact color and model of car everywhere? Has that type of car just become popular in your city? Were they there before? Or are you just going crazy?You’re not going crazy. The reason you are now just noticing them is what psychologists call “priming”. Basically, the cars were always there. You just didn’t recognize them consciously. However, when that certain model of car becomes part of your conscious thinking, you start “automatically” recognizing all of the other cars that are the same, because you are already “primed” to do so.The priming effect takes many forms. In one study, students were asked to walk around a room for 5minutes at a rate of 30 steps per minute, which was about one-third their normal pace. After this brief experience, the participants were much quicker to recognize words related to old age, such as forgetful, old, and lonely. Reciprocal priming effects tend to produce a coherent reaction: if you are primed to think of old age, you would tend to act old, and acting old would reinforce the thought of old age. This research shows that the way we think influences the way we act, and the way we act influences the way we think.A similar conclusion was reached by the American psychologist William James a century ago, but he emphasized the effect on feeling. “Actions seem to follow feeling, but really actions and feeling go together; by regulating the action, which is under the more direct control of the will, we can indirectly regulate the feeling, which is not. Thus the path to cheerfulness is to sit up cheerfully and to act and speak as if cheerfulness were already there.”Pleasant thoughts have been proven to produce the chemicals that make us feel happy, particularly thoughts and feelings of gratitude. When we purposefully think about the things we’re grateful for, we are flooding our mind with the “happy chemicals”. Do this every day and we will become consistently happier. This makes up for the momentary happiness we gain from eating chocolate or buying new clothes. Therefore, we can adopt certain priming effects to help make ourselves consistently happier.8．Which of the following is an example of the priming effect?A．Walking much faster after attending a lecture about old age.B．Donating money to the poor after seeing pictures of cute cats.C．Learning about various types of cars after purchasing the first car.D．Completing SOP as SOUP rather than SOAP after seeing the word EAT.9．What does the underlined word “reciprocal” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A．Related.B．Two-way.C．Well-rounded.D．Opposite. 10．What will the author probably agree with?A．Eating or shopping leads to consistent feelings of happiness.B．Our will has greater control over emotions than over actionsC．Happy chemicals make us think about the things we’re grateful for.D．Practicing gratitude frequently prepares us for long-term happiness.11．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A．Prime Yourself to Be HappierB．Share Happiness to Enhance Well-beingC．Why Gratitude Is Important in PsychologyD．How Happy Chemicals Affect People’s ThoughtsFive years ago, a couple found a baby owl, near-death, on their lawn. They consulted withme because of my experience with owls and hawks. Eventually my wife and I undertook the task of treating the owl, Alfie, waiting out a developmental delay (most of her flight feathers came especially late that first summer) , and then we taught her to fly and hunt. Alfie disappeared for a week. Then she chose to return, centering her territory (地盘) on our backyard. I put a nest box on my writing studio.Alfie’s first free-living year— mating, raising her first baby— coincided with the COVID-19 that limited us to our yard. Friends said the birds were singing aloud and happily. From Alfie’s performance, I saw humans’ unrest and worry when facing the unexpected virus. When Alfie and her mate, Plus-One, played in the shade, the daily rhythms and quietness of the owls’ world contrasted with our life.Many cultures view owls as messengers of God. However, Alfie is flesh and feathers: her heart pumps blood red as ours. She has her comforts and fears. She is a very real little being overall. Yet, throughout the isolation to prevent the spread of disease, Alfie loosed herself, living comfortably with her mate in the yard, which certainly inspired me and my family with hope. She is, in reality, a messenger, one conveying the real meaning of life.To be fully present in life and love, so natural for Alfie, remains a work in progress for me. Alfie is the perfect little philosophical master. She enjoys a freedom unpolluted by criticism or doubt, and a liberty as the air flows beneath her wings. Resisting nothing, she is pure presence, here now. Perhaps I’d long labored toward the place where Alfie was effortlessly taking me, a sense of openness, showing what’s possible when we mess up our accustomed boundaries.Alfie remains our magical light of the nighttime backyard. By day she usually stays in a couple of favorite shaded spots. The choice is always hers. Free within limits; that’s the universe for her. It can inspire a life’s work.12．What can we learn about Alfie from the first two paragraphs?A．She had a quick recovery.B．She was first found by the author.C．She set up a family in the backyard.D．She was badly affected by the COVID-19. 13．How does Alfie inspire the author and his family with hope?A．She lives a relaxed life.B．She has no fears at all.C．She has red blood as humans.D．She is viewed as a messenger of God. 14．What does the author mean by describing Alfie’s freedom as “unpolluted by criticism or doubt”in paragraph 4?A．Alfie is not influenced by social development.B．Alfie is free from physical and mental limitations.C．Alfie is completely independent and self-sufficient.D．Alfie is not affected by external judgment or uncertainty.15．What is the text mainly about?A．The author’s successful rescue of an owl.B．The author’s reflection on life through an owl.C．The author’s precious friendship with an owl.D．The author’s fight against a pandemic with an owl.If you are like most international students, you are probably pretty comfortable reading and writing in English. 16 Below are some tips to help you to improve your conversational skills.Make friends with American students. Many international students end up making friends with a lot of, or only other international students instead of native speakers. 17 In fact, hanging out with natives not only naturally pushes you to improve your spoken English, but also helps you pick up cultural and social information.Learn from American friends. Tell your American friends that you are trying to improve your listening and speaking skills, and would like them to help you. If you pronounce a word incorrectly, or misuse an idiom, you ask them to guide you. 18Increase your knowledge. 19 If you have been exposed to topics that are likely to be discussed in conversation, you have a much better chance of understanding people when they talk, and of being able to express yourself well.20 If you have to explain something to someone, you are eager to pronounce everything as well as you can to explain yourself. Finally, this becomes a good habit. Many people have asked me how I learned to speak English fluently, and I owe most of it to my years of being a math teacher in college for years.A．It has a bad impact on improving your spoken English.B．You are likely to make great progress in this way.C．If possible, become a teacher at your school.D．It’s a win-win opportunity for international students.E．Keep up with the latest news and watch popular shows and movies.F．Explaining everything in a different way counts.G．You may have trouble in listening and speaking in the language, however.二、完形填空In a Meigs Academic Magnet School classroom in Nashville, Tennessee, a sign reads, “choose kindness.”Teacher Lisa Shaffer is making the extra 21 to have her sixth graders 22 those words. She 23 her class can learn empathy (同理心). When Shaffer read about someone hiding money around the city, she told her class about it. The students were very 24 .Deciding to take classwork a bit outside the 25 , Shaffer took $5 bills, and the class began to throw out 26 where in the city they should put them.“You’d have to put it somewhere where people would need the 27 ,” said student Thomas Grant.“It needs to be someplace in town where people are maybe 28 ,” added student Cassidy Gambill.The money went in bags with a 29 , which said, “If you need it, please take it and use it for whatever. If you don’t 30 $5, leave it where you want to put it until someone else picks it up. If you find it, please email us.”What six sites were 31 for the money? Two of them were hospitals, another two were near humane organizations and the last two were at sites 32 where people were experiencing homelessness.The class heard one of the bills had been 33 . It was given to the Nashville Humane (人道的) Association. Shaffer said this was 34 . She said maybe the person was encouraged by her class to choose 35 .21．A．risk B．effort C．test D．path22．A．live B．share C．explain D．use 23．A．forces B．asks C．hopes D．allows 24．A．nervous B．thankful C．proud D．excited 25．A．box B．city C．window D．bag 26．A．examples B．goals C．ideas D．rules 27．A．spirit B．advice C．plan D．money 28．A．working B．struggling C．volunteering D．traveling 29．A．report B．notice C．note D．story 30．A．need B．hide C．spend D．check 31．A．visited B．chosen C．shown D．changed 32．A．ready for B．important for C．different to D．close to 33．A．returned B．saved C．found D．marked 34．A．paying it forward B．turning it down C．letting it outD．taking it easy35．A．patience B．kindness C．friendship D．happiness三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Porsche Club Regularity Further Regulations说明书
PHILLIP ISLAND AUTO RACING CLUB LTDABN 90 004 351 446SHANNONS NATIONALS MOTOR RACING CHAMPIONSHIPSRound 3 – 16-17 May 2009PHILLIP ISLAND GRAND PRIX CIRCUITFURTHER SUPPLEMENTARY REGULATIONS SPECIFIC TO PORSCHE REGULARITY COMPETITORSCAMS Permit No: 809/1705/011) INTRODUCTION1. All competitors participating in the Porsche Clubs Regularity event at the Shannons Nationals Motor RacingChampionships, Round 3, MUST read and abide by these regulations in conjunction with the rules detailed in the Series, Supplementary Regulations and Further Supplementary Regulations applicable to the Meeting. The event will be conducted in compliance with the Standing Regulations of Modern Regularity as printed in the CAMS Manual of Motorsport.Please remember that the event is NOT a race, it is a regularity competition.2) EVENT FORMAT & DISTANCE/DURATIONEvent FormatSaturday: Official Practice 15 minutesSunday: Regularity 30 minutes3) SCRUTINY3.1Cars - All cars will be scrutinized at the circuit prior to going onto the track, with this scrutiny commencing at 2 pm in thepaddock area. Cars having a log book must comply with the category specifications as listed in the log book.All competing cars are required to comply with the General Requirements Section, Schedule A & Schedule B of the 2009 CAMS Manual. The minimum requirements for road cars include:-Cars must be in a presentable and roadworthy condition.-Minimum of a three-point harness system.- Fire extinguisher firmly fixed in car while competing. Fire Extinguishers must comply with Schedule H of the CAMS Manual.NOTE: BCF/Halon extinguishers are illegal.-All vehicles must be fitted with two separate fasteners on any front opening panel.-Any cameras must be mounted in accordance with Schedule A and the relevant CAMS Technical document..-Fuel must be in accordance with Schedule G of the CAMS Manual.-Each car must have the car number displayed on each side of the car, on the rear side window.3.1 Headgear - Each driver is required to wear a helmet whilst competing, with the minimum standard being AS1698, inaccordance with Schedule D for Speed Events.3.2 Clothing and Footwear - As detailed in Schedule D for Speed Events, all drivers must be covered from neck to wrists toankles. Clothing of flammable synthetic material, such as nylon, is not acceptable. Notwithstanding, it is stronglyencouraged that “Driving Suits” be worn. Thongs, sandals and high heeled shoes or shoes with synthetic uppers areprohibited.3.3Communications - The only team-to-car communication allowed will be by way of hand held lap boards displayed fromthe pit wall. No other type of communication, telemetry, telecommunication, GPS or personal timing devices will be allowed. The only radio communication permitted at the venue during the event will be that used by event officials.3.4 Timing – timing will be electronic, using a Dorian transmitter in each car. It is the responsibility of each competitor toarrange for their own charged transmitter to be in the car at all times it is on the track. Some transmitters will be available for hire, but this must be arranged prior to the event.4) DRIVERSEach car may only have one driver.A compulsory drivers briefing will be held in the Briefing Shed at 3pm and any driver not attending this briefing may beexcluded from the event unless negated by the Stewards of the Meeting in exceptional circumstances or unless priorapproval is gained from the Clerk of the Course.Minimum level of licence for the driver is a CAMS Level 2S competition licence.Each driver must produce proof that they are a current member of a CAMS-affiliated car club.5) EVENT PROCEDURE AND CLASSIFICATION REQUIREMENTS1. There will be a 15 minute practice session held on Saturday. Times will be taken during this session andavailable from the Race Administration Office in the Control Tower at the end of the session. Each competitormust nominate a lap time that they believe they can comfortably maintain for 10 laps to the Race AdministrationOffice within the half hour following the practice session. No time may be less than 2 minutes, nor longer than 2mins 36 seconds unless these times are varied on the day by way of Bulletin.2. On Sunday morning, the cars will be assembled in the Marshalling Area prior to 9am, then driven along pit laneand around to the track to the Grid on direction from officials.3. From the grid, cars will individually be directed to commence their runs by the showing of a green flag to them,the fastest cars being sent off first.4. The event will continue until all cars have completed 10 laps, not counting cars which are unable to maintaintheir lap times for any reason.5. When all cars have completed the ten laps, a chequered flag will be shown at the Finish line, and all cars willproceed around the track to Turn 4 where they will leave the track and return to the Paddock.6. Results will be calculated by computer in accordance with the Modern Regularity Standing Regulations, andavailable from the Race Administration Office soon after the event is completed. The winner will be thecompetitor losing the least number of points as per the regulations.7. A driver having difficulties at any time may drive into pit lane and stop in order to rectify the problem, then rejointhe event under direction of officials at pit exit.6 Driver ConductIf it is deemed by Race Control that vehicles are “Racing” each other, then they will be shown the black flag and a penalty imposed – ranging from a pit lane drive-through to exclusion from the event.It is the responsibility of all competitors on the track to give each other competition room.Competitors are reminded that it is the responsibility of the driver making a passing manoeuvre to do so safely, and also remind the driver being overtaken that it is their responsibility to not change direction mid corner. It is stronglyrecommended that at this type of event overtaking be done in a straight lineJean Bellenger - Secretary of the Meeting。
湖北省罗田县实验高级中学2023-2024学年高一上学期12月月考英语试题
湖北省罗田县实验高级中学2023-2024学年高一上学期12月月考英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读选择OnX Offroad’s Guide to Ultimate(终极的) Adventure 2023 It’s almost time for Ultimate Adventure 2023! Here’s everything you’ll need to know about this year’s event.What is the Ultimate Adventure?Ultimate Adventure is a yearly private four wheeling event hosted by the staff of Motor Trend that explores off-road worthy locations in the United States. Each year, the event moves to a new place, and participants(参与者) won’t know the route(路线) in advance. Participants are challenged with a roughly one-thousand-mile-long road trip where they are responsible for repairs and things necessary for completing the route with no outside help.OnX Offroad’s Relationship With Ultimate Adventure 2023As a past participant in Ultimate Adventure, OnX Offroad community manager Jake Rosaia knew he wanted the OnX Offroad to be a supporter of Ultimate Adventure in one form or another. So when the opportunity presented itself, the OnX team caught the chance. For 2023, OnX Offroad is once again a proud supporter for the fourth year in a row as the Official Mapping Tool of Ultimate Adventure. During the event, participants will receive route information for the day each morning through the OnX Offroad App.Participant RequirementsAll participants themselves must provide food, fuel and other things, along with having the ability to repair their vehicles.All vehicles must have 35-inch-tall or larger tires(轮胎) with a full-size spare.Ultimate Adventure TimeDates: Sunday, September 24 to Sunday, October 1TEL: 86597782Everybody, be quick to join us!1．What can we know about the Ultimate Adventure?A．It is a team event.B．It is held every four years.the event.2．What is a requirement for the participants?A．They must be self-sufficient.B．They need to be over 35.C．They must be repairmen.D．They need to sign up on September 24. 3．Where is this text probably taken from?A．A textbook.B．A news report.C．A poster.D．A diary.The first visit to a foreign country that I can remember was when I was about seven years old. We live about 5 miles away from the Canadian border(边界). My family and I went to Parc Safari, Quebec, a wonderful place that has animals and rides. We drove down a nice long road. My sister and I sat in the back of the car, and it was a hatchback(有仓门式后背的汽车) so we opened it up. I remember feeding the animals snacks we had bought for ourselves.The time we went we were told there would not be monkeys because they had escaped and had not been found. I remember thinking to myself, how cool it would be to see a monkey in our backyard.Even though the monkeys were not there it was still so much fun. When we reached the area that had camels, giraffes and other animals, I remember one of the camels reached into the car to get our snacks. However, we were a little gross out because the camels seemed to froth(吐白沫) at the mouth and we had camel slobber(口水) all over the car and us.It was one of the best family vacations that I can remember. It was not too far from home, it was in a different country and it was with my family. I cannot remember if we went on the rides or not but seeing many animals was a great time. Now I am grown up and have a son, and I am planning to go there again. He is 7 years old and I think he is at a great age to enjoy a trip like this. I am sure it has changed a lot over the years but it will still be a great family trip.4．Where did the author live when he was 7 years old?A．In Canada B．Near the Canadian borderC．In the central US D．In Parc Safari5．We fed the animals something _____.A．offered by people living there B．we bought for them6．what does the underlined part “gross out” in paragraph 3 probably mean?A．surprised B．excited C．tired D．uncomfortable 7．What does the author intend to do?A．To revisit the place he went to at seven.B．To take his 7-year-old son to a zoo.C．To have a family trip in his own country.D．To have a holiday abroad with hisparents.Due to social events in recent years, the relationship between social media and teenagers mental health has been under heated discussion.On Sept 30 a British court decided that content on social media platforms contributed to the depression of 14-year-old Molly Russell. Russell interacted with 2,100 posts related lo pessimistic, self-harm in the six months, leading up to her depression, reported the Observer website.The correlation has also been proved by science. A study in 2019 showed that the frequent use of social media by teenagers can lead to a decrease in their mental health.So, how can we make sure that teenagers won’t get hurt while using social media? Chan, 18, from the University of Macao shared her experience. Chan said that she once came across short videos romanticizing mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety. She immediately reported them to the platform.But she said that the users’ power to regulate videos is still limited. “It is ultimately the responsibility of the social media platforms to filter out content that is potentially harmful.” She also noticed that the age of social media users has become increasingly younger. Society should pay attention to this, she said. “Since it’s not possible to cut off access to social media for younger users, why not introduce a ‘supervision mode’ with which parents can regulate the content to be viewed by teenagers beforehand?” she said.Wu Chengyu, 18, studies at Tianjin Experimental High School. He said that several years ago he came across a game that lures teenagers to self-abuse and depression. He quickly chose to ignore it so he wouldn’t be influenced. This is the same way he reacts when exposed to negative content on social media.In Wu’s opinion, teenagers today should improve their social media literacy (素养), telling real from fake and good from bad. “Also, everyone can be a content creator on social8．What led to Russell’s depression according to a British court?A．Her interaction with others online.B．Negative information on social media platforms.C．Short videos she watched on the Internet.D．Her addiction to online posts.9．Which of the following statements does Chan probably agree with?A．The number of younger Social media users should be limited.B．Parents should monitor the content to be viewed by teenagers in advance.C．A supervision mode ought to be introduced by parents.D．It is the responsibility of the society to romanticize mental illnesses.10．Who should be ultimately responsible for removing negative content according to Chan?A．Parents.B．Social media platformsC．Content creators.D．Social media platforms.11．What does Wu suggest teenagers should do?A．Use social media wisely.B．Reduce social media usage.C．Stay away from online games.D．Learn more about social media.The release of GPT-4, the latest language model developed by OpenAI, has raised concerns about its potential impact on the job market. In the finance industry, fears around AI disruption are particularly bitter, as many jobs involve the processing of data that could easily be done by machines.This has raised questions about what it means for the CFA Institute, which offers chartered financial analyst qualifications to humans who pay a considerable fee to take the exams. If an AI algorithm can pass the CFA exam, it could threaten the CFA Institute’s revenue model and potentially affect several hundred thousand bank employees.However, recent experiments have shown that GPT-4 is not yet capable of passing the CFA exam. The simulation scored only 8 out of a possible 24 points, demonstrating that faking logical thought is very different from fake reasoning through the application of rules and definitions. Humans still keep an edge in this area.The CFA exam relies heavily on memorization and pattern matching, rather than processing the meaning of each question. This has allowed humans to continue to take theWhile the development of advanced AI may pose a threat to some industries, including finance, it appears that in the case of CFA accreditation, humans still have the upper hand. For now, those working in financial regulations and those responsible for setting exams in this field can breathe a small sigh of relief knowing their jobs are safe – at least for a little while longer.In conclusion, the release of GPT-4 has sparked concerns about its potential to disrupt the job market, especially in finance. However, experiments have demonstrated that AI still has limitations, particularly in areas requiring fake reasoning through memorized answers. While this news may reassure those in the finance industry, there is no denying that AI technology continues to transform many aspects of work and life.12．What is the CFA Institute?A．An organization that develops artificial intelligence algorithms.B．An organization that offers financial analyst qualifications.C．An organization that is threatened by the development of AI in finance.D．An organization responsible for setting exams for bank employees.13．Why are there concerns about GPT-4’s impact on the job market in finance?A．It could potentially replace humans in processing data.B．It is capable of passing the CFA exam and taking over jobs.C．The finance industry has been slow to adopt new technology.D．Bank employees are actively protesting against AI adoption.14．How do humans currently keep an upper hand over advanced AI in passing the CFA exam?A．They are better at memorization and pattern matching.B．They have greater logical reasoning abilities.C．They have access to more resources during the exam.D．They have a deeper understanding of financial regulations.15．How do recent experiments with GPT-4 affect the job market in finance?A．They demonstrate that humans’ jobs are safe for the foreseeable future.B．They suggest that banks will soon be replacing humans with AI.C．They prove that AI has already surpassed humans in financial analysis.D．They have no impact on the job market.Beginning a new course, a new term, life in a new city or country, and a new household can be big adjustments, especially when your housemates may also be adjusting to many new changes too. Finding a balance of living with each other, being sociable, and respecting privacy (隐私) can make a new household even better. 16 .Respect (尊重) others’space17 . Respect their boundaries (边界) by giving them their breathing space when they are in their room, or trying to study. Other people may have different timetables to you, so make sure you follow the “quiet hours ”between 10 p. m. and 7 a. m..18This especially applies to food! Don’t eat anything that you have not bought yourself. Decide on whether you share common household goods like milk, shampoo, and toilet paper. If you haven’t agreed to share, do not touch.Communicate WellLearn your housemates’ needs and preferences and respect them. Are they a clean freak, while you’re happy to let the dishes sit for a few days? 19 , and stick to it. It is important to remember that listening is a large part of communication. When it is your turn to talk, express your needs in a clear and kind way.We’re All In This TogetherSharing houses comes with a lot of benefits. You can share great memories, the stories of your day, maybe share a monthly housemate dinner or share the load of cleaning.20 .A．Never touch others’foodB．Never borrow without askingC．Everyone has their own privacyD．Therefore, you can start a new lifeE．It’s important to reach an agreement earlyF．The following advice is useful if you have a new householdG．Shared living is best when all housemates can think of each other二、完形填空27 from him, he was all for it.I had only been away from my home for three days, but there was an inner 28 going on. Part of me was homesick and doubting whether I really could 29 . The other part of me was ready to 30 to myself and my family that I could do it by myself.On the road, I met another bicyclist who was quite a bit older than I was. He started his journey alone by bike at the southern part of Norway and just finished. I could tell he had a great sense of 31 . It encouraged me not to 32 .As I listened to my favourite artists on my MP4 player, I pedaled with my feet. There was nobody around me for miles. 33 , that wasn’t entirely true. There were millions of mosquitoes (蚊子). My arms were so dotted (布满) with 34 that they looked like a topographical (地形的) map. But however 35 it would be, nothing could stop my advance on the destination. As you know, adventure is in my blood.21．A．package B．party C．lecture D．kit 22．A．trip B．flight C．interview D．experiment 23．A．map B．magazine C．flash card D．credit card 24．A．flying B．cycling C．running D．skiing 25．A．shared B．exchanged C．revised D．complained 26．A．evacuated B．sweated C．hesitated D．agreed 27．A．goal B．story C．spirit D．strategy 28．A．strength B．request C．voice D．battle 29．A．make it B．catch it C．take it easy D．give it a try 30．A．reply B．apply C．prove D．whisper 31．A．balance B．direction C．satisfaction D．admiration 32．A．check out B．give up C．come along D．fall apart 33．A．Firstly B．Eventually C．Actually D．Fortunately 34．A．cuts B．bites C．burns D．injuries三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
全国大学生英语竞赛试题及答案
2003年全国大学生英语竞赛初赛试题2003 National English Contest for College Students（Preliminary）Part I Listening Comprehension（30 minutes，30 points）Section A Dialogues（10 points）Directions：In this section ，you will hear 10 short dialogues．At the end of each dialogue，a question will be asked about what was said．Both the dialogue and the question will be read only once．After each question there will be a pause．during the pause，you must read the four choices marked A，B，C and D，and decide which is the best answer．Then m ark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center．1．A．A sales clerk．B．A police officer．C．A tailor．D．A nurse．2．A．By train．B．She walks．C．By car．D．By bus．3．A．Fish is the only dish left．B．Chicken is the only dish left．C．Vegetarian meals are not offered．D．There aren't any vegetarian meals left．4．A．He starts work next weekend．B．He'll be away．C．He'll be in the mountains．D．He's moving to Florida．5．A．In an elevator．B．At a dress store．C．On the seventh floor．D．At a department store．6．A．They felt it was disorganized．B．They were pleased with its Asian content．C．They felt it lacked Asian content．D．They felt it ignored recent events．7．A．He doesn't have enough time．B．He doesn't have a watch．C．The library doesn't have the articles he wants．D．He can't find the library．8．A．He wants the woman to dine out with them．B．He wants to work tomorrow．C．He wants the woman to finish dinner first．D．He wants to pay for the dinner．9．A．Twice a day．B．Twice a week．C．Once a week．D．Daily．10．A．At two o'clock．B．At four o'clock．C．At three thirty．D．At eight o'clock．Section B News Items（10 points）Directions：In this section，you will hear 10 pieces of short news from BBC or VOA．There will be a question following each piece of news．Write down the answer to each question in no more than 15 words．11．_______________________________________12．_______________________________________13．_______________________________________14．_______________________________________15．_______________________________________16．_______________________________________17．_______________________________________18．_______________________________________19．_______________________________________20．_______________________________________Section C Compound Dictation（10 points）Directions：In this section，you will hear a passage three times．When the passage is read for the first time，you should listen carefully for its general idea．Then listen to the passage again．When the passage is read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 21 to 28 with the exact words you have just heard．For blanks numbered from 29 to 30，you are required to fill in the missing information．You can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words．Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you should check what you have written and rewrite the correct answers on the Answer Sheet．Although general Motors and General Electric are large multinational companies with operations around the globe，there are numerous smaller companies that engage in international trade．Because 95percent of the world's population and two-thirds of its (21)_____ power are located outside the United States，it is important for American (22)_____to be present in foreign markets．However，before we explain the different methods by which a company may (23)_____in international trade，we might first consider some important (24)_____that U.S．companies often fail to study before they sell products in a foreign country．These factors are (25)_____with differences in language，in values and attitudes，and in political (26)_____．When (27)_____Coca-Cola into the Chinese market in 1920，the company used a group of Chinese symbols that，when spoken，sounded like Coca-Cola．However，when read，these symbols meant，“a female horse fattened with wax”．Upon reentering the Chinese market in the 1970s，Coca-Cola used a series of Chinese (28)_____that translates into“happiness in the mouth”．(29)_________________________．Culture is the total pattern of human behavior that is practiced by a particular group of people．(30)_________________________．Part II Vocabulary and Structure（15 minutes，30 points）Section A Multiple Choice（20 points）Directions：Questions 31-50 constitute a complete passage．There are 20blanks in the passage．For each blank there are four choices marked A，B，C and D．Choose the one that best completes the sentence．Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre．31．Senior Metropolitan police officers tried to dismiss the Noting Hill race riots which raged for five nights over the August bank holiday in 1958 as the work of“ruffians，both colored and white”hell-bent on hooliganism ，according to __B___ official files．A．recent revealed B．newly releasedC．previous disclosing D．earlier exposing32．But police eyewitness reports in the secret papers_D___ that they were overwhelmingly the work of a white working class mob out to get the“niggers”．A．contain B．convinceC．consist D．confirm33．The ferocity of the Noting Hill“racial riots”，as the press called them at the time，shocked Britain into_A_C___ for the first time that it was not above the kind of racial conflict then being played out in the American deep south．A．realizing B．witnessingC．watching D．identifying34．The carnival，which will__C___ the streets of west London _____more than 1.5 million people this weekend，was started in 1959 as a direct response to the riots．A．crowd；of B．pour；forC．fill；with D．emerge；in35．While senior officers tried to play down the racial aspects of the riots，the internal Metropolitan police files released this month at the public record office confirm that the disturbances were overwhelmingly _C__A__ by 300 to 400 strong“Keep Britain White”mobs ，many of them Teddy boys armed with iron bars ，butcher's knives and weighted leather belts，who went“nigger-hunting”among the West Indian residents of Noting Hill and Noting Dale．A．erupted B．commencedC．triggered D．inaugurated36．The first night left five black men _A__D__ on the pavements of Noting Hill．A．lying unconscious B．there diedC．feel faint D．serious hurt37．The battles raged over the bank holiday weekend as the black _D____responded in kind with counterattacks by large groups of“men of color”similarly armed．A．column B．armyC．brigade D．community38．Thomas Williams was stopped by the police as he came out of Bluey's Club on Talbot Road，Noting Hill．He __B___a piece of iron down his left trouser leg，a petrol bomb in his right pocket and a razor blade in his inside breast pocket：“I have to protect myself，”he told the arresting officer．A．found to have B．was found to haveC．found having D．was found having39．The _A_B___ files，which were sealed under the 75-year rule but have been released early，show that senior officers tried to convince the then home secretary，“Rab”Butler，that there was not a racial element to the rioting．A．forbidden B．confidentialC．incredible D．strict40．In his official report，Detective Sergeant M.Walters of the Notting Hill police said the national press had been wrong to portray the“widespread series of street disturbances”as“racial”riots：“Whereas there certainly was some __A___ feeling between white and colored residents in this area，it is abundantly clear much of the trouble was caused by ruffians，both colored and white，who seized on this opportunity to indulge in hooliganism．”A．ill B．sickC．painful D．hurt41．But the police witness statements and private statistics __B_D__ ．A．told differently B．interpreted in a different wayC．existed m any differences D．told a different story42．The Met commissioner was told that _C_D___ the 108people who were charged with offences ranging from grievous bodily harm to affray and riot and possessing offensive weapons，72 were white and 36 were “colored”．A．for B．fromC．of D．in43．It is popularly believed that the riot began on the night of Saturday，August 20，when a 400-strong crowd of white men，_B D____“Teds”，attacked houses occupied by West Indians．A．they are all B．many of themC．some were D．most of them belong to44．Among the __C__ was Majbritt Morrison ，a young white Swedish bride of a Jamaican．A．offenders B．riotersC．victims D．residents45．She was pelted with stones，glass and wood，and _B_D___ in the back with an iron bar as she tried to get home．A．bruised B．struckC．patted D．scratched46．The internal police witness statements provide graphic evidence of the motives of the mobs—at one point crowds several thousand strong roamed the streets of Notting Hill，_B____ homes and attacking any West Indian they could find．A．plunging into B．breaking intoC．seeking for D．searching for47．PC Richard Bedford said he had seen a mob of 300 to 400 white people in Bramley Road _C__A__：“We will kill all black bastards．Why don't you send them home？”A．shouting B．to cryC．utter D．announced48．PC Ian McQueen on the same night said he was told：“Mind your own __D___，cops．Keep out of it．We will settle these niggers our way．We'll murder the bastards．”A．matters B．affairC．things D．business49．The disturbances continued night after night until they finally petered out on September 5．At the Old Bailey Judge Salmon later handed down exemplary __D___ of four years each on nine white youths who had gone“nigger hunting”．A．decisions B．statementsC．trials D．sentences50．While those dealt with by the courts were overwhelmingly white ，the large number of black people also arrested and the official _C____ there had not been a racial motive ensured a legacy of black mistrust of the Metropolitan police that has never really been eradicated．A．persistence B．perseveranceC．insistence D．instanceSection B Error Correction（10points）Directions：The following passage contains 9 errors．In each case only one word is involved．You should proofread the passage on the Answer Sheet and correct it in the following way：EXAMPLEOne night，quite late，I was still awake in the room I am shared with 1. ammy husband．I was lying on my right side and can hear a child crying． 2. couldGetting up，I went ∧see if our son was all right． 3. toHe was sleeping soundly，breathing deeply and gently． 4. √The ZipperWhatever did we do before the invention of the zipper？In 1893 the world's first zipper was produced in Chicago．Although the inventor claimed that it was a reliable fasteningfor clothing，this was not the case．The Chicago zipper sprang 51．______open without warning，or jammed shut，and it swiftly lostpopularity．Twenty years ago a Swedish-born engineer called 52．______Sundback solved the problem．He attached tiny cups to thebacks of the interlocked teeth，and this meant that the teeth 53．______could be enmeshed more firmly and reliably．At first zippers were made of metal．They were heavy，andif they got stuck it was difficult to free．Then came nylon 54．______zippers which were lighter and easier to use，and had smallerteeth．The fashion industry liked the new zippers far betterbecause they didn’t distort the line of the garment or weighing 55．______down light fabrics．They were also easier for the machiniststo fit into the garment．Meanwhile a new fastening agent made its appearance atthe end of the twenty century: velcro. Velcro is another product 56．______made from nylon．Nylon is a very tough synthetic fibre firstdeveloped in the 1930s，and bearing a name to mind the wearer 57．______of the two places where it was developed：NY for New York andLON for London．Velcro is made with very small nylon hooks onone side of the fastening which caught tiny looped whiskers on the 58．______other side of the fastening．It is strong and durable．Velcro is used on clothing，luggages and footwear．It is quick 59．______and easy to fasten and unfasten，and has taken a large part ofthe zipper's share of the market．It is also used in ways a zippercannot be used—for instance as an easily changed fastening onplaster casts，and to hold furnishing fabrics in a position．60．______Part III Situational Dialogues（5 minutes，10 points）Directions：Complete the following dialogues by choosing the best answer．Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre．61．Rob：Hey Jill，you're looking great．Jill：Thanks，Rob．____________Rob：Well，you did it．How？Jill：I jog every morning，and I go to aerobics every other day．A．I bought this dress yesterday．Really smart．B．You are looking fine too．C．I'm recovering my strength after the flu．D．My New Year's resolution was to get in shape．62．Bob：Hi Jane．How are you？Jane：____________I didn't sleep a wink last night．The people next door were making a lot of noise again till very late at night．A．I'm feeling a bit out of sorts this morning．B．Fine，thank you．And you？C．I slept like a log and didn't want to get out of bed．D．It seems a bit unusual，you know．63．Ann ：Aah！He's gorgeous！Look at those big，golden paws．When did you get him？Roger：Yesterday．____________Ann ：Oh，right．What kind is she？Roger：A Labrador．A．Susan's got a more beautiful one．B．What's up？C．It's a she actually．D．Isn't it right？64．Tina：Wow，look at all the things on sale．____________Andrew：Yes，look，this shirt is 50 ％off．Tina：And look at these shoes．They are 30 ％off the normal price．A．I'd like to buy a skirt．B．There are some real bargains．C．Are the prices reasonable？D．These shoes are the same as mine．65．Woman：Have you finished the packaging？Man ：____________Woman：Good．Because the truck will be coming soon，this is a rush job．A．Don't hurry m or I'll break the glass．B．Almost．I just have to wrap the glass and put it into boxes．C．No，I haven't．Why didn't you help me with it？D．Yes，I have．What else can I do for you？66．Customs Officer ：________________________Mrs．John son ：No，nothing at all．Customs Officer ：No perfume，alcohol or cigarettes？Mrs．John son ：Well，I have 200 cigarettes；that's all．A．Do you have anything in the bag，ma'am？B．Do you have anything to declare，ma'am？C．Do you want to buy something，ma'am？D．Is there anything I can do for you，ma'am？67．Linda：Hello．I'd like to send this package，please．Clerk：____________________________________Linda：First class．How long will that take？Clerk：About three days．A．How would you like to send it？B．Which class are you in？C．Where do you want to send it to？D．Which class is it in？68．Assistant：Can I help you？Colin ：Yes，it's about this sports shirt．I washed it the other day．The colour ran and it shrank．Assistant：Oh dear，I see．________________________Colin ：I'm afraid not．Assistant：I'm sorry，but I'm not allowed to change anything without a receipt．A．Did you buy it here？B．Would you want to change it？C．Do you have the receipt？D．Could you tell me who sold it to you？69．James：Could I have my bill，please？Can I pay by credit card or eurocheque？Receptionist：____________James：I'll pay by credit card，then．Receptionist：That's fine．I hope you enjoyed your stay here．A．Here's your bill．B．Sorry，we don't take credit card．C．You can pay by eurocheque．D．Yes，we take both．70．Husband：When is our anniversary？Wife：________________________Husband：No，it's just that I bought these flowers for you and I was hoping today was the day．A．Hmm ．．．I can't remember either．Why？B．Hey，are these flowers for me？C．Who cares？Do you want to give me a surprise？D．Are you joking？Have you really forgotten again？Part IV Reading Comprehension（25 minutes，40 points）Section A Multiple Choice（10 points）Directions：There is one reading passage in this part．The passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements．For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D．You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre．Questions 71 to 75 are based on the following passage：Taking a peep at what's going on in your headCARL Filer，18，a star salesman at a B＆Q hardware store in the UK，was called up for promotion within one week of starting work．But，instead of being made supervisor，he was sacked—after his employers saw the results of his psychometric test．You might think that anyone who answers that he“strongly disagrees he is an over-achiever is asking for trouble，but Mr Filer already thought he had proved himself more than capable．This year，nearly half of UK firms—46 percent—will use psychometric tests to select trainees，compared with just 17 percent in 2000，according to a report for GTI，a publisher of graduate career guides．These tests，which rate candidates’ability and gauge their personality，have been used in the UK since the 1980s．But assorted studies have shown most people—graduates in particular—are wholly cynicalabout the idea of their personality being“measured．“People tend to see them as either too silly or too clever，says Clive Fletcher，professor of occupational psychology at University of London．“But all the evidence indicates the tests do have some value．The first personality test as we know it，was developed by the American army in 1917 to filter out weak recruits．But it was not until the 1980s that the tests became popular in Britain．With a rising number of graduates going for a decreasing number of jobs，organizations began to see psychometric testing as a cheap，reliable alternative to the expensive，time-consuming interview．But today the tests are becoming alarmingly sophisticated and are edging towards probing the“dark side：pathology and personality disorders．Increasingly，tests are being used to try to detect promising young graduates who may，later in life，fly off the rails（go crazy）；or to stop psychopaths（having mental disorder）getting recruited．In the future，interviewees could even be given a mouth swab to reveal the genetic and biological markers of personality．“We are heading for the era of genetic screening，”warns Carolyn Jones，of the Institute for Employment Rights．“I think these tests are very flawed．And there are other problems with the tests．For starters，it is possible to fake it—even the test producers agree on this．But they have made it as hard as possible．For example，look at whether you agree or disagree with the following two statements：“New ideas come easily to me and“I find generating new concepts difficult．How long did it take you to realize they both could mean the same thing？The main argument，however，is that the tests are invalid and cannot quantify（put a numerical value on）something as changeable as personality．The golden rule is then，that a psychometric test should never be used as the sole basis of selection，but should always be followed by interviews．71．Most people's attitude towards the psychometric test is ______．A．contemptuous B．favorable C．tolerant D．confounded72．Which of the following is one of the reasons why psychometric testing wins an advantage over interviews？A．It doesn't cost any money．B．It requires no equipment．C．It is time-saving．D．It can be done within seconds．73．Which of the following statements is the author's idea？A．Psychometric tests are defective．B．Psychometric tests should not be the only way to recruit promising young graduates．C．Psychometric tests are invalid and cannot quantify something changeable as personality．D．Psychometric tests are golden rules．74．The test producers make the tests very complicated to ______．A．avoid cheating B．improve genetic screeningC．find out the best ideas D．generate new concepts75．Which of the following is not true according to the passage？A．The American army developed the first personality test to screen out weak recruits．B．In the future，interviewers could give a mouth swab to reveal interviewees’symptoms．C．There are possibilities for starters to cheat in the psychometric tests．D．Interviews still play an important role in evaluating interviewees．Section B Short Answer Questions（30 points）Directions：In this part there are 3 passages with 15 questions or incomplete statements．Read the passages carefully．Then answer the questions in the fewest possible words（not exceeding 10 words）．Remember to rewrite the answers on the Answer Sheet．Questions 76 to 80 are based on the following passage：The 8 Steps of Social Invention1．Get ready to play．Like other types of creativity，social inventiveness flourishes when you begin thinking outside conventional boundaries．Charlie Girsch，a St．Paul，Minnesota-based creativity consultant，suggests that you start by playing with obviously absurd explanations for everyday events．“If traffic is slow，you'll be tem pted to say，‘Hmm．Must be an accident up ahead．’Instead，try saying，‘Must be a family of turtles crossing the highway’or‘I expect there's some kind of alien abduction going on．’You'll be amazed how soon you will be looking at familiar problems in new ways．”Girsch's book，Fanning the Creative Spirit（Creativity Central，1999）has scores of other exercises for limbering up the inventive part of your brain．2．Generate a zillion far-fetched ideas．Concerned about the homeless in your neighborhood？Imagine a Homeless Parliament，a Homeless Circus，homeless families forming an orchestra，a homeless museum ．．．and on and on．Generate like mad with no regard for feasibility in order，as social invention pioneer Nicholas Albery advises，to “overcome e worthy-but-dull ideas．”Eventually the two or three best ideas will begin to stand out．3．Take your wildest idea and bring it down to earth．How about that Homeless Circus？Could it turn into a forum for homeless people to display their creative talents？A performance series about homelessness？A neighborhood carnival with the homeless as guests of honor？Your flakiest idea may have a germ of brilliance that actually makes it more attractive，and thus more feasible（and fundable），than its worthy-but-dull cousins．4．Look for in venations that solve more than one problem．The Slow Food Movement，born in Italy，boosts local farmers and regional cuisine traditions and restaurateurs and the same time that it“feeds”our hunger for authentic tastes，healthy eating，and a more leisurely，saner style of life．5．Accentuate the positive．“A very common question that I get when I work with people in communities is‘Why doesn't anybody care about our problems？’”notes M chael Patterson，a social inventor and activist in Massachusetts．“What a worthless question．‘Why’？questions are for philosophers．Ask‘How’？and‘What’？questions—they are a lot more practical．”For instance，Patterson asks，“What would you do if you knew you couldn't fail？”6．Give it a rest．Walk away from your favorite idea for a while，forget about it，let it sleep．With your conscious mind out of the way，your subconscious gets to fiddle with the concept for a while，and you just might have an unexpected insight or breakthrough．7．Practice“yes and”in stead of“yes but”．No matter how tempted you are to say“Yes，but this will be hard because，”or“Yes，but a million other people are doing this，”shift the conjunction to“and”and see what sort of positive refinement or change emerges．“Yes，and we could concentrate on immigrants．”“Yes，and we can make it open to all ages．”8．Get your idea into the world．This is the tough part．You might seek out the help of activists who will take a shine to your ideas．Orbecome an organizer yourself．Paul Glove，a New York social inventor，coun-sels：“If you have an idea you believe in，write a pamphlet with your phone number on it and post it in Laundromats and bookstores．If three people call you，have lunch with them and call yourselves an organization．If five people call，meet with them and issue a press release．”Presto，you're launched．76．To generate far-fetched ideas helps to ______．77．Michael Patterson wants us to come up with“How”？and“What”？instead of“Why”？questions because he considers they are more practical than ______．78．The purpose to practice“yes and”instead of“yes but”is to make yourself more ______．79．According to the article，when one has difficulty developing his favorite idea，he should ______．80．One should not only generate far-fetched ideas but also ______ because the latter step is the nearest to reality．Questions 81 to 85 are based on the following passage：Thin Slice of TV Has Big MarketIt is too early to write an obituary for bulky picture tubes，which will remain the most affordable TV sets for years to come．But，analysts and industry executives insist that thin screens already have started to become the dominant format for TV sets in the digital era．Sharp price cuts have brought plasma sets and other thin，flat televisions out of high-end electronic boutiques and into thousands of mass-market outlets such as Cosco，a wholesale buying club in the US，best known for offering members bulk items and big discounts．The least expensive plasma sets still cost a hefty US ＄3，000or more ，yet sales are growing so rapidly that many manufacturers are racing to boost production．That increase，combined with expanding production capacity and improved technology，could push the price of plasma sets down by one-third next year，according to analyst Richard Doherty of Envisioneering Group，a US research firm．But manufacturers are not just competing with each other；they are also trying to fend off challenges from competing thin-screen technologies，such as liquid crystal displays（LCD）．The demand for thin screens is fuelled in part by the advent of DVDs and digital TV broadcasts，which offer more detailed pictures and more lifelike colors than conventional analog TV signals．To see the difference，consumers need a set that can pack more information onto the screen than their current TVs can．This sharpness is most vivid on screens that are 40inches diagonal or larger．At that size，however，traditional direct view and projection TVs are so bulky that many consumers have trouble finding a place for them at home．Hence the interest in thin screens—models slender and light enough to hang on a wall．The glass panels at the heart of plasma and LCD sets come mainly from about a dozen companies with factories in Japan，South Korea and，increasingly，China．About 800，000 plasma panels will be shipped this year around the world，analysts say．That is a tiny amount compared with the overall market for TVs，which was about 140 million sets last year．But，industry experts said 2003would be a“breakout year”or plasma because shipments should double．Helping drive the growth are new or expanded manufacturing facilities．For example，Japanese electronics giant NEC last year doubled the capacity of its Japanese factory—reaching 300，000to 400，000 plasma panels．And it plans to double it again in 2003，officials said．As competition has heated up during the last four years，prices have fallen more than 50 percent．According to“NPD Tec world”，the average price of a plasma display sold in the US dropped from US ＄12，700in January 1999 to US ＄6，100in October 2002．The best markets for plasma screens have been in Asia，and about half of the sets have gone to businesses instead of homes．LCD TVs carry a premium price—they can be 10 times as expensive as a comparable tube-driven television—that knocks them out of most buyers’budgets．But LCD panels are quickly taking over the market for computer monitors，and the tens of millions of panels being produced for that segment will help push down prices for LCD TVs，analysts predicted．Sharp Electronics，for one，is betting heavily on LCDs．Its chairman，Toshiaki Urushisako，has predicted that Sharp will switch completely from conventional tube sets to LCD TVs in Japan by 2005．Flat-panel refers to wafer-thin（3 inches or less）TVs，whereas flat-screen may actually describe traditional cathode-ray-tube sets（CRTs）whose glass front lacks the distorting curve that TVs have had for 50 years．Be aware of two things：One，flat-panel technology may not be high-definition TV；for eventual HDTV reception，some of these sets will require a separate HD tuner．Two，some flat-panel TVs are just the panel and lack speakers and sometimes a built-in tuner．Price range：US ＄700－2，000LCD vs plasmaIn general，LCD technology is used for smaller screens because of the enormous number of transistors needed to turn the glasslike liquid crystals into color images．The larger the display，the more transistors，the more chance of failed connections．A plasma screen is found in TV sets larger than 20 inches．Color is comparable to an LCD's．LCDs do not deteriorate over time，while a plasma display averages 30，000 hours（a traditional TV screen can go for 20，000），after which it fades over a period of years．Earlier problems with the quality of plasma's contrast have been addressed，and current screens are cleaner and better defined．Price range：US ＄600－2，800HDTVSimply put，high-definition TV is 10 times as sharp as traditional TV，and the sound is digital，like CD sound，not FM ，which is what traditional TV provides．HD technology achieves its visual clarity with more immage lines on the screen．Where analog TVs have 480 horizontal lines，HDTV has 720 or 1，080lines．Be aware ：m any HDTV sets being sold now are in fact only HDTV monitors ，offering a crisp picture ．To receive genuine high-definition television signals，owners must buy a separate HDTV receiver．Price range：US ＄1，000－6，000LOS ANGELEST IMES81．According to the article，TV sets with _____will still be the most popular in the coming years．82．The factors that stimulate the thin screens to be more and more popular include _____，_____，and_____．83．The rapidly expanding market for LCD panels and their large-scale production will help lower _____．84．When a wealthy customer wants to buy a very large TV，he should select _____and _____according to the passage．85．We can infer from the passage that among all kinds of TV sets _____is of the best quality．。
精益生产之线平衡模式__Line_Balance_Models_(中英文版)
典型的流程环境 中的主要问题
大批量或 反复无常的批量 过多的 WIP 地方利用的差 较低的员工效率 长的/反复无常的周期时间 流程步骤中差的生产平衡和劳动力 传送、备用和启动浪费 无规则的工作地点和元件/供应存储 对于多重的流程中心，需求变化差异大2，如电话中心/流出线
Line Balance – Design Principles
学习目标
如何设计和实施由“线平衡模型”支持的一个流程以确保优化配置： 人 地方 固定资产 材料 知道如何使生产率最大化
What’s in It for Me?
Able to design and implement a balanced process line Understand the issues in a typical process environment and how to impact those issues
线平衡模型
线平衡模型允许用户在一个流程中确定瓶颈问题，并计算产出比率（产能）和Takt Times 。 除此，用户将能直观地看到不平衡的区域和使流程平衡所做的任务。 线平衡 方法与生产互动一样是可行的，如订单进入生产。
Primary Issues in Typical Process Environments
益处
能够设计和实施一个线平衡的生产线 了解典型流程环境中的问题及如何影响那些问题
2024学年江西省上饶市民校考试联盟(婺源紫阳中学高考仿真模拟英语试卷(含解析)
2024学年江西省上饶市民校考试联盟（婺源紫阳中学高考仿真模拟英语试卷注意事项：1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。
2．选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0．5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3．请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。
4．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．we go there by train or by ship makes no difference．The time and the fees are the same．A．Which B．How C．Whether D．Why2．Your red coat looks so good. It stood out clearly ______ the snow.A．across B．againstC．through D．over3．Catherine came home happily, which suggested that she the final exam.A．had passed B．pass C．would pass D．should pass4．--- Is there any chance of my being promoted?--- If you want a promotion, you’d better rather than get your way.A．play the game B．cross your fingersC．raise the red flag D．kill the fatted calf5．But for the metal cage to pull the miners to safety, the miners in Chile ____ in less than twenty-four hours. A．would not be rescued B．would not have been rescuedC．would be rescued D．would have been rescued6．--- I have been working for more than 30 years! I’m going to retire next month.--- Really? You don’t look a day 40!A．over B．byC．with D．for7．A scientist’s attempt to produce the world’s first gene-edited babies _____ are immune to HIV has sparked controversy in academia and the public.A．as B．whoC．whom D．whose8．There is ________ as a free dinner in this world. As the saying goes, “No pains, no gains.”A．no such a good thing B．such no good thingC．no such good thing D．not so a good thing9．________ some leaders and scientists have praised China’s achievement in space technology, others regard China’s progress as a threat.A．Unless B．OnceC．Even though D．Now that10．We are living in an age________ QR codes(二维码)are becoming more and more popular in our daily life. A．why B．thatC．whose D．when11．I need help now! I have to fix a leaking pipe in my bathroom but I’m not sure ______to begin.A．what B．whichC．where D．when12．John once worked in a remote mountain village school, which is ______ only on foot.A．accessible B．acceptable C．available D．appropriate13．Citizens are _____ to exercise their rights, but under no circumstances can they violate other people’s rights. A．on track B．on scheduleC．at ease D．at liberty14．——Y our argument is .I will not let you pass.--Are you kidding?A．sound B．rationalC．liberal D．plain15．Whenever you ________ a present, you should think about it from the receiver’s point of view.A．bought B．have bought C．will buy D．buy16．We’ll build a power station ______ water resources are plentiful.A．where B．in whichC．which D．that17．I shook hands and ________ greetings with the manager, who I impressed a lot.A．conveyed B．swapped C．exchanged D．switched18．Not even when _____through the darkest valley _____be afraid, for you are always close beside me.A．do I walk; will I B．do I walk; I will C．I walk ; I will D．I walk; will I19．The shocking news made me realize ________ terrible problems we would face.A．what B．howC．that D．why20．If the traffic so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o’clock.A．hadn’t been B．wasn’tC．couldn’t be D．hasn’t been第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
你想怎样去旅行英语作文
Traveling is one of the most enriching experiences one can have,and the way we choose to travel can greatly influence the depth and quality of our experiences.Here are some ideas on how I would like to travel,taking into account various aspects such as the mode of transportation,the type of destinations,and the activities I would engage in.Mode of Transportation:1.Train Journeys:I would love to embark on long train journeys,allowing me to witness the gradual change in landscapes and cultures.Trains offer a unique vantage point to observe life from a moving window,and the rhythm of the rails can be quite soothing.2.Cycling Tours:For a more active and ecofriendly approach,cycling through scenic routes would be ideal.It provides the freedom to stop and explore at ones own pace,and the physical exertion can be rewarding.3.Walking Tours:In cities or historical sites,walking tours are the best way to soak in the atmosphere and details that might be missed in a vehicle.Its a great way to interact with locals and discover hidden gems.Type of Destinations:1.Cultural Sites:I am drawn to destinations rich in history and culture.Visiting museums, ancient ruins,and historical landmarks would be a priority,as they offer a glimpse into the past and the stories of civilizations.2.Natural Wonders:From mountain ranges to coral reefs,exploring the worlds natural beauty is a must.Hiking in national parks,snorkeling in crystalclear waters,and camping under the stars are experiences I would cherish.3.Urban Exploration:Big cities offer a different kind of adventure with their bustling streets,diverse food scenes,and vibrant nightlife.I would enjoy exploring the architecture,art,and local customs of urban destinations.Activities:1.Local Cuisine:Trying local food is an integral part of travel for me.I would seek out local markets,street food vendors,and traditional restaurants to taste the flavors of the places I visit.nguage and Cultural Immersion:Learning a few phrases in the local language andunderstanding the customs and etiquette of the place would enrich my interactions and appreciation of the culture.3.Volunteering:If time permits,I would like to engage in volunteer work,such as conservation efforts or community service,to give back to the places I visit and gain a deeper understanding of the local issues.4.Photography:Documenting my travels through photography would be a way to capture memories and share my experiences with others.5.Journaling:Keeping a travel journal to record my thoughts,observations,and experiences would be a valuable way to reflect on my journey and preserve the memories.In conclusion,my ideal way of traveling would be a blend of exploration,cultural immersion,and personal growth,with an emphasis on sustainability and respect for the environments and communities I visit.Each journey would be a story in itself,a collection of experiences that enrich my life and broaden my perspective on the world.。
山西省大同市2023-2024学年高三上学期冬季教学质量检测英语试题含答案
2023—2024学年高三年级冬季教学质量检测英语考生注意：1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将考生号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有2分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A. £19.15.B. £9.18.C. £9.15.答案是C。
1. What time is it now?A. 8:40 am.B. 8:50 am.C. 9:30 am.2. How is the weather now?A. Hot.B. Warm.C. Freezing.3. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a shop.B. In the man’s office.C. At the woman’s home.4. What is Jennifer going to do this Saturday?A. See a doctor.B. Do some shopping.C. Go to the cinema.5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Husband and wife.B. Boss and secretary.C. Interviewer and interviewee.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
Parking Facilities
The Houston Street historic area first developed without the automobile and its streets were designed for pedestrians and horse-drawn conveyance, later fol-lowed by a trolley line. However, the automobile appeared early in the twentieth century and continues to be a major influence on the street. Even so, its visual impacts should be minimized.4. Parking FacilitiesLocation of Parking Facilities4.1Locate a parking facility, particularly a surface lot, inthe interior of a block whenever possible.•This acknowledges the special function of corner properties,as they are generally more visible than interior lots, serve aslandmarks and provide a sense of enclosure to an intersec-tion.4.2Site a parking lot so it will minimize gaps in thecontinuous building wall of a block.•Where a parking lot shares a site with a building, place theparking at the rear of the site or beside the building. In thisway, the architectural continuity of the street can be preserved.New parking facilities should be designed to be attractive, compat-ible additions to the Houston Street historic area. Using high qualitymaterials, providing a sense of scale in architectural details andproviding active uses at the sidewalk edge are methods that canmitigate the potentially negative impacts of new parking facilities.In general, a new parking facility should remain subordinate to thestreet scene.This chapter presents design guidelines for the following parking-related design issues:•Location of parking facilities •Visual impacts of surface parking •Visual impacts of parking structures •Security and pedestrian circulationWhere a parking lot abuts a public sidewalk, provide a buffer.Visual Impacts of Surface Parking4.3Where a parking lot abuts a public sidewalk, providea visual buffer.•This may be a landscaped strip or planter that is a minimum of eight feet in depth.•Consider the use of a wall as screen for the edge of the lot.Materials should be compatible with those of nearby build-ings.•Use a combination of trees and shrubs to create a landscape buffer.4.4To reduce the visual impacts of a large parking lot area, divide it into a number of smaller parkingparcels and separate them with landscaping.•Plant shrubs and small trees to define circulation routes for pedestrians and vehicles.•Divide parking lots into smaller areas with planted buffers be-tween them to minimize the perceived scale of the total field of stalls.Visual Impacts of Parking StructuresParking structures should be designed to enhance the activity of the streetscape on Houston Street. At a minimum, a parking struc-ture should help to animate the street and be compatible with the surrounding historic context. The visual impact of the cars them-selves should be minimized. (Note that these guidelines apply in addition to the General Design Guidelines presented in Chapter Two for the design of an infill building.)4.5Design a parking structure so that it creates a visuallyattractive and active street edge.•When feasible, a parking structure in the area should bewrapped with retail, commercial or an other active use along the street edge to shield the facility from the street and to add activity to the street.•Other methods of accomplishing this include, but are not lim-ited to:- Retail/commercial wrap- Murals or public art- Landscaping- Product display cases Use a combination of trees and shrubsto create a landscape buffer.Minimize the negative visual impact of cars parked on site. Divide parking lotsinto smaller areas with planted buffersbetween them.Design a parking structure so that it creates a visually attractive and activestreet edge.4.6 A parking structure should be compatible withtraditional buildings in the surrounding area.•Respect the regular window pattern and other architectural elements of adjacent historic buildings.•Maintain the alignments and rhythms of architectural elements,as seen along the street.•Continue the use of similar building materials.•Avoid multiple curb cuts. These complicate turning movements and disrupt the sidewalk.•Express the traditional widths of buildings in the area.This parking structure incorporates awrap of retail stores along the streetedge. The storefronts are contemporaryinterpretations of the historic downtowncontext.The ground level of a parking structureshould be wrapped by retail, office orsome other active use along the streetedge.A part of this infill building is a parking structure that is set back from the front and sides of a retail wrap. The openings in the parking section reflect window proportions similar to those seen historically in the area.The context for this parking structure in downtown Boulder, CO, is two-to four-story brick commercial buildings.Security and Pedestrian Circulation4.7Design a parking facility so that pedestrian accessis easy and clearly defined.•Walkways should be clearly defined with graphics, lighting or landscaping.•Direct connections between a parking structure and its sup-porting businesses are desirable.•Interior and exterior lighting should be planned to assure user safety.New parking facilities should be designed to be attractive, compatible additions to the Houston Street historic area. Using high quality materials, providing a sense of scale in architectural details and providing activeuses at the sidewalk edge are methods that can mitigate the potentially negative impacts of new parking facilities.。
去韩国旅行作文英语作文
Traveling to South Korea is an experience that offers a unique blend of modernity and tradition,making it an enticing destination for tourists from around the globe.Heres a detailed English composition about a trip to South Korea:Title:My Journey Through the Land of the Morning CalmAs the plane descended onto the bustling metropolis of Seoul,I was filled with a mixture of excitement and anticipation.South Korea,a country known for its rich history,vibrant culture,and technological advancements,was about to reveal its many facets to me.Day1:Arrival and ExplorationUpon landing,the first thing that struck me was the efficiency of the Incheon International Airport.It was a testament to South Koreas commitment to modern infrastructure.After navigating through the airport,I made my way to the city center, where the towering skyscrapers and neon signs of Gangnam District greeted me.I spent the evening strolling through the streets,marveling at the fusion of hightech gadgets and traditional Korean street food stalls.Day2:Cultural ImmersionThe next day was dedicated to exploring the historical heart of Seoul.I visited Gyeongbokgung Palace,a magnificent architectural wonder that served as the main royal palace for centuries.The intricate details of the palaces design and the surrounding gardens were a feast for the ter,I ventured to Bukchon Hanok Village,where traditional Korean houses,or hanoks,stood as a stark contrast to the citys modern skyline. The village was alive with the sound of traditional music and the aroma of homemade kimchi.Day3:Technological MarvelsSouth Korea is renowned for its technological prowess,and I was eager to witness this firsthand.I visited the Samsung dlight showroom,where the latest gadgets and innovations were on display.The interactive exhibits allowed me to experience the cuttingedge technology that South Korea is famous for.Day4:Natures EmbraceDespite its urban landscape,South Korea boasts breathtaking natural beauty.I took a day trip to Nami Island,made famous by the Korean drama Winter Sonata.The islands lush greenery and tranquil atmosphere provided a peaceful retreat from the citys hustle and bustle.A leisurely bike ride around the island was a highlight of my trip.Day5:Food and NightlifeCulinary delights are a significant part of any travel experience,and South Korea did not disappoint.I indulged in a variety of dishes,from the spicy kick of bibimbap to the comforting warmth of a hot stone pot of bulgogi.The evening was spent in the vibrant nightlife of Hongdae,where live music,street performances,and a lively crowd made for an unforgettable night.Day6:Shopping and SouvenirsBefore my departure,I dedicated a day to shopping.From the highend boutiques of Myeongdong to the quirky stalls of Dongdaemun Market,there was something for every budget and taste.I picked up traditional Korean crafts,skincare products,and of course,a few Kpop albums as souvenirs.ConclusionMy journey through South Korea was a whirlwind of experiences,from the ancient traditions to the modern marvels.The warmth of the Korean people,the flavors of the cuisine,and the beauty of the landscapes will forever hold a special place in my heart.As I boarded the plane back home,I couldnt help but feel a sense of longing to return to the Land of the Morning Calm.This composition captures the essence of a trip to South Korea,highlighting the countrys cultural heritage,technological advancements,natural beauty,and culinary delights.。
走过的英语短语
走过的英语短语走过路过，千万不要错过。
下面就由店铺为大家带来关于走过的英语短语集锦，希望大家能有所收获。
关于走过的相关短语go by;go across;pass bywalk through走过凉亭 Through The Arbor走过教堂 Through the Church ; go past the church走过炎热 Through The Hot走过课桌 walk past the desk关于走过的相关单词traipseperegrinate;walk;关于走过的相关例句1. As she went past there was a gust of strong perfume.她走过时有一股浓烈的香水味。
2. They all walked barefoot across the damp sand to the water's edge.他们全都光着脚走过潮湿的沙地来到水边。
3. The tide was out and they walked among the rock pools.潮水已经退去，他们走过岩石区的潮水潭。
4. I signed in and crunched across the gravel to my room.我签到后嘎吱嘎吱走过石子路来到我的房间。
5. He was frog-marched through the kitchen and out into the yard.他被扭住双臂强推着走过厨房，来到院子里。
6. He shouldered his bike and walked across the finish line.他扛着自行车走过了终点线。
7. She walked across the floor and lay down on the bed.她走过地板躺在了床上。
8. I'd driven both ways down this road but my tracks didn't show.这条路我开车来回都走过了，但是却看不出来车辙在哪。
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Solar Shade Fabrics阳光布
Fabric advantages面料优势
– UV protection- protects furnishings阻挡紫外线，保护家具 – Controls solar heat gain调节光的热能 – Outward visibility (with solar fabrics)- giving day-time privacy透景
Commercial商业场所
– Restaurants, any window receiving fairly large amounts of light.饭店、任何大量光线进入的窗户
Residential住宅
– Family rooms, Living rooms, Foyers 起居室、大厅
5% Openness 5%网空率
Fabric Choices面料选择 Phifer • Sheerweave 4000- 63” and 84” widths, polyester 3G Mermet • E-screen 5%- 98” width, fiberglass • T-screen 5%- 98” width, fiberglass • M-screen 5%- 98” width, fiberglass
Opaque Fabrics Opaque: 3G Mermet • Flocke- 78” width, fiberglass VIEWLINE • No-Lite- 72” width, fiberglass
Opaque Fabric
Decorative Fabrics
Characteristics特征
Overview 概述
Fabric line面料
– – – – Solar阳光布 New “SheerShade” line Light filtering and opaque fabrics不透光布 Decorative fabrics装饰布
Products产品 Motor Solutions电动的解决方案 Motorization and controls自动化和智能化
Anti-bacterial/ Anti-fungal抗菌 Resists dust, easy to clean抵抗灰尘，易于清洗 Fire resistant阻燃
Solar Shade Fabrics阳光布
Constructed of:成分
Vinyl coated polyester聚酯纤维 or或 Vinyl coated fiberglass玻璃纤维
Openness Factors网空率
For Interior Fabrics 用于室内
– – – – – 1% or 99% UV blockage. 3% or 97% UV blockage. 5% or 95% UV blockage. 10% or 90% UV blockage. 20% or 80% UV blockage.
Questions…
What is railroading? AND When do we railroad a fabric?
Residential住宅
– Home theater, Bathrooms, Bedrooms
Light Filtering Fabrics
Light Filtering: 3G Mermet • Obion- 78” width, fiberglass Hexcel • Dimout (NEW!)- 72” width, fiberglass VIEWLINE • TFR (NEW!)- 72” width, fiberglass
Sheerweave 4800- 78” width
Patient Room病房
3% Openness 3%网空率
Characteristics特征
– More outward visibility更多的透景性 – High percentage of UV blockage更好的阻挡紫外线
工程案例
Higher Openness Factors
Characteristics特征
– Most “see-through” visibility of the VIEWLINE line – More decorative look – Great for Northern exposures and rooms that require more light
VIEWLINE Shading Systems
风景线窗饰系统
History历史
Established in 1905- Originally manufactured babbitt metal. Became a distillery in 1932. Became an oil refinery in 1946. Started making window screens in 1954. Entered the solar window treatment market in the late 1960’s to help aid against rising energy costs. Has become an industry leader through automation of Window Treatments manufactured by others. Purchased by Lutron on January 4th, 2000
Commercial商业场所
– Common areas, Waiting rooms, Lobbies
Residential住宅
– Kitchens, Florida rooms/ Sun rooms
10% Openness 10%网空率
Fabric Choices Phifer • Sheerweave 4100- 63” and 84” widths, polyester 3G Mermet • E-screen 10%- 98” width, fiberglass • T-screen 10%- 98” width, fiberglass
Allows more light through the fabric Harder to see through
The darker the color, the better the light control is The darker the color, the better the seethrough visibility is
Fabric Choices: VIEWLINE’s exclusive “SheerShade” fabric line: Diamond (NEW!)- 8% open, fiberglass, 72” width. Waffle (NEW!)- 18% open, fiberglass, 72” width.
Recommended Openness Factors
Picture and data provided by Hexcel Fabrics.
1% Openness Factors 1%网空率
Characteristics特征
– Privacy both at night and during day.白天和夜晚都能保证很好的私 密性 – Has a room darkening effect.使房间变暗 – Maximum UV blockage of any woven fabrics.最大限度的阻挡紫外线
Light Filtering and Opaque Fabrics
Characteristics特征
– Privacy – Excellent solar heat gain properties – Light blockage
Commercial商业场所
– A/V rooms, Training rooms
– – – – Privacy Excellent solar heat gain properties Light blockage Have a “softer” look and will most likely be used in residential applications.
Decorative Fabrics Louvolite Dapple- 72” width, polyester
Commercial商业场所
– Computer rooms, Administrative areas计算机房、行政区域
Residential住宅
– Living areas, Breakfast nook起居室、餐厅
3% Openness 3%网空率
Fabric Choices面料选择 Phifer • Sheerweave 4400- 63” and 84” widths, polyester 3G Mermet • E-screen 3%- 98” width, fiberglass • T-screen 3%- 98” width, fiberglass • M-screen 3%- 98” width, fiberglass
Residential住宅
– Living rooms, dining rooms, dens….anywhere in the house where view and the look of the shade are most important.