Course Language Turkish Compulsory or Elective Elective Instructor

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《流畅英语口语教程》教案

Inside outContentsUnit 1 Me (2)Unit 3 Couples (9)Unit 5 Review 1 (14)Unit 7 Job (18)Unit 8 Rich (23)Unit 10 Review 2 (27)Unit 14 Call (32)Unit 18 Weird (38)Unit 1 MeObjectives:Help students learn sth. about English names and choose their own favorite English name Help students learn how to improve memoryHelp students learn to describe personsHelp students learn sth. about taboo topics of American cultureOutline: ( a brief description of your teaching plan)Part 1. Name: make students know how do western people choose name for their children and make students choose their favorite English name based on Appendix A and B Part 2. How to remember people’s names? : test students’ memorial ability by doing exercise I never forget a face and make them discuss advice provided in Reading exercise ofpage 6Part 3. How to describe a person: make students familiar with two sentence patterns and learn to use them to describe the 6 persons in pictures; make students do a guessing persongame to practice their descriptive skillPart 4. Taboo topics in American culture: through doing exercise 3 and 4 on page 8 and reading Appendix E students can get to know about some private and sensitive topicsof western peopleFocuses:Help students learn sth. about English names and choose their own favorite English name Help students learn to describe personsPart I: ( 1st class)Words and expressions:1. fashionable adj. : following a style that is currently popular2. psychologist n. expert in psychology3. embarrassing adj. making sb. feel embarrassed4. original adj. newly created or formedActivity 1. Listen to the monologue of Susan. (2 mins)Activity 2. Talk about different names that people call you. (5 mins)Familiy members(parents, siblings, cousins, aunt, uncle, grandparents):Friends:Classmates:Activity 3. How did your parents choose your name? (10 mins)Step 1. Let students read Name Game.Step 2. Explain key information of the article.Step 3. Group discussion: Divide students into several groups and make them discuss thereasons why their parents chose this name for them.because it sounds good because it’s fashionablebecause it’s unusual or origina l because it’s the name of a placebecause it’s the name of a famous personbecause it’s the name of another member of the familyActivity 4: English name consists of 3 parts: (1 min)First name + middle name + family name (surname)George W. BushActivity 5. Let students discuss the meaning of all kinds of English names and choose their favorite English name with the additional material.(5 mins)Part 2 (2nd class) How to describe a personWords and expressions:1. visualize v. Form a mental picture of sb./sth.2. association n. mental connection between ideasActivity 1. Let students look at the pictures of 6 persons, study these names and faces for 30 seconds, then turn to p.124 and see which they can remember. (5 mins)Activity 2.Step 1. Read this advice for improving your memory. Find an appropriate heading for each paragraph. (5 mins)Step 2. Let students discuss the following questions and the additional material. (12 mins)1) Which technique have you used for remembering names?2) Which technique could help you to remember new English words and expressions?3) What other ways can you think of to help remember and learn new English words and expressions?Part 3. How to describe a personWords and expressions:1. Stressed out: under so much stress and pressure that you barely make it2. An au pair is a girl without any dependents who comes to the UK to learn English and to live as part of an English speaking family.Activity 1. Explanation: Sentence pattern (2 mins)a)He/ She looks + adj.b)He/ She looks like + n.Activity 2. Let students divide words and expressions in the frame into two groups and choose proper words and expressions to describe 6 persons in pictures.(9 mins)He/ She looks + adj./ num.Friendly , intelligent, shy, very young,middle-aged, stressed out, intelligent, about sixty,fit, a bit tired, richHe/ She looks like + n.a banker, a typical mum, a doctor, Greek, a waiter,a Swedish au pair, a student, a retired police officerActivity 3. Guessing game: Let one student describe a student in the class and make others guess who the student is. (9 mins)Part 4. Group work (4 students per group)Activity 1.Let students rewrite the questions of Exercise 3 of Close up and discuss in what situations is it okay to ask these questions. (10 mins)Questions: sensitive and private topics1)How old are you?2)Do you believe in life after death?3)How much do you weigh?4)Have you ever stolen anything?5)How much money do you earn?6)How many partners have you had?Activity 2. Let students read additional material What the Americans Don’t Talk About and make them know the taboo topics in American culture. (10 mins)♦Age♦Weight♦Income♦Matters of the Heart♦Is It Real?Optional: English song Stand by me (5 mins)Appendix A: 女子英文名释义ALICE : 一个年轻的梦想者喜欢热闹有着不受束缚的灵魂。

语言学精品课胡壮麟版ppt课件

language.
2. Scopes of linguistics
☺General linguistics—studies linguistics as a whole.
☺ Phonetics—study of sounds ☺ Phonology--study of the system of
sounds, how they are combined ☺ Morphology—study of the structure and
language development, more practical than written form, hard to record • writing : • permanent, can be recorded
• ngue and parole • —by the Swiss linguist F. de Saussure
• descriptive –describes and analyzes the language people are currently speaking. It deals with “what people actually say”
• 3.2 synchronic vs. diachronic • synchronic—description of a language at
• 2.1.4. Language is symbolic. • 2.1.5. Language is human –specific. • 2.1.6. Language is used for
communication
2.2. Design features of language
• 2.2.1. arbitrariness • 2.2.2. productivity • 2.2.3. duality • 2.2.4. displacement • 2.2.5. cultural transmission

教师资格认定考试初级中学英语模拟题24

教师资格认定考试初级中学英语模拟题24一、单项选择题在每小题列出的四个备选项中选择一个最佳答案。

1. In English if a word begins with a [l] or a [r], t（江南博哥）hen the next sound must be a vowel. This is a(n)______.A.assimilation ruleB.sequential ruleC.deletion ruleD.grammar rule正确答案：B[解析] 考查音系规则。

序列规则指支配音素水平组合的音系规则。

2. English consonants can be classified into stops, fricatives, nasals, etc. in terms of ______.A.manner of articulationB.openness of mouthC.place of articulationD.voicing正确答案：A[解析] 考查辅音的分类。

辅音根据发音方式(manner of articulation)的不同可以分为爆破音、摩擦音、鼻音、滑音、边音和塞擦音。

3. Operations which left patients ______ and in need of long periods of discovery time now leave them feelingrelaxed and comfortable.A.exhaustedB.unhealthyC.upsetD.fearful正确答案：A[解析] exhausted“精疲力竭的”；unhealthy“不健康的”；upset“苦恼的、不适的”；fearful“担心的、可怕的”。

结合句意“以前病人手术后精疲力竭，需长时间才能恢复，现在手术后的病人却感到既轻松又舒适。

”可知答案为A。

Turkish Turkic Language

Turkish Turkic LanguageThe Turkish Turkic language, also known as the Turkic language, is a branch of the Turkic language family spoken by the Turkish people. It is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, with over 75 million native speakers in Turkey and smaller communities in other countries. The language has a rich history and has evolved over centuries, influenced by various cultures and languages. However, like many languages, Turkish Turkic faces several challenges and issues that impact its use and preservation.One of the primary problems facing the Turkish Turkic language is the impact of globalization and modernization. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, English has emerged as the dominant global language for business, technology, and communication. This has led to a growing trend of Turkish people, especially the younger generation, using English in their daily lives, which can potentially lead to a decline in the use of Turkish Turkic. This shift towards English can also be attributed to the influence of Western media and pop culture, which often leads to the adoption of English phrases and expressions in Turkish Turkic conversations.Another challenge for the Turkish Turkic language is the issue of dialectal variation and standardization. The language has several dialects spoken in different regions of Turkey, each with its unique vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammatical structures. While dialectal diversity is a natural part of any language, it can pose challenges for standardization and language education. The lack of a standardized form of the language can lead to difficulties in communication and can hinder efforts to promote the language in educational institutions and official settings.Furthermore, the Turkish Turkic language is also facing pressure from the dominance of the Latin script. In 1928, Turkey adopted the Latin alphabet to replace the Arabic script, which had been used for centuries. While this move was intended to modernize the language and promote literacy, it also led to a disconnect with the historical and cultural heritage of the language. Additionally, the use of the Latin script has made it challenging for older generations to read and write in the new script, leading to a potential loss of traditional texts and documents written in the Arabic script.In addition to external pressures, the Turkish Turkic language also faces internal challenges related to language policy and education. While Turkish is the official language of Turkey, there are several minority languages spoken in the country, such as Kurdish, Arabic, and Greek. The government has historically implemented policies aimed at promoting the use of Turkish as the primary language, which has sometimes led to tensions with minority language speakers. This has led to a lack of support for the preservation and promotion of minority languages, including Turkish Turkic, which can impact the linguistic diversity and cultural heritage of the country.Despite these challenges, there are efforts being made to preserve and promote the Turkish Turkic language. Organizations and institutions are working to develop language education programs, create language resources, and support research on the language's history and linguistic features. Additionally, there is a growing interest among the Turkish diaspora in promoting the use of Turkish Turkic in their communities abroad, which can help to preserve the language and its cultural significance.In conclusion, the Turkish Turkic language faces several challenges that impact its use and preservation. From the impact of globalization and modernization to issues related to dialectal variation, script, and language policy, there are various factors that contribute to the complexities of maintaining the language's vitality. However, with concerted efforts to promote language education, preserve cultural heritage, and support linguistic diversity, there is hope for the Turkish Turkic language to thrive and continue to be an essential part of Turkey's rich linguistic landscape.。

高中英语冀教版必修第三册Unit3TheStoryofSuccess课后练习、课时练习

一、根据首字母填写单词(单词拼写)1. F__________ in 1945, the United Nations aims to promote peace and cooperation between the countries for the common good of human beings. (根据首字母单词拼写)2. T________ in the building with fire totally out of control, people hung on the windows, signing for help. (根据首字母单词拼写)3. C________ with difficulty, we need to keep calm first and then take effective measures to deal with it. （根据首字母单词拼写）二、根据汉语意思填写单词(单词拼写)4. __________ (装饰) with colorful lights and stripes, the pine tree in the corner is very beautiful. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）5. ________(给……留下深刻印象)by the beautiful scenery, I forgot to go back home in time. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）6. ________(咬) by the fierce dog, the postman refused to enter the village again. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)三、根据中英文提示填写单词(单词拼写)7. F________________(害怕) by smoke and noise, the child hides under a bed and is later found dead. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)8. E________ (配备) with air conditioning, the classroom is cool to stay in in summer. （根据中英文提示填空）四、完成句子9. 这座城市位于河畔，以风景闻名并吸引了许多游客。

Lecture 2(a)_Describing language__ ability

2. Defining language test construct
• Cronbach & Meehl (1955)
– A postulated attribute of people, assumed to be reflected in test performance.
– A quality or feature of people
3.2 Models of communicative language ability
• Hymes’s L2 construct saw its implementation in the work of Morrow (1977), B. J. Carroll (1978), and Munby (1978), Canale and Swain (1980). – Morrow (1977):
3.1 language ability models
• Traditional approach
– Language knowledge (grammar, vocabulary, phonology / graphology)
• The skills and components model (Lado & Carroll)
• Carroll (1987)
– A construct of ‘mental ability’ is a particular set of mental tasks that an individual is required to perform on a given test.
– Mental tasks
3. Development of theories of L2 construct

Turkish LVCSR Database preparation and Language Modeling for an Agglutinative Language

Turkish LVCSR:Database Preparation and Language Modeling for anAgglutinative LanguageErhan Mengusoglu,Olivier DerooFacult´e Polytechnique de Mons,TCTS Lab,Mons,Belgiummengus,deroo@tcts.fpms.ac.beAbstractTurkish language is an agglutinative language.It is pos-sible to produce a very high number of words from thesame root with sufﬁxes[1].Language modeling for ag-glutinative languages needs to be different than model-ing of languages like English.Such languages also haveinﬂections but not as many as an agglutinative language.Techniques which can be used for modeling agglutinativelanguages are presented in this work.Turkish is one of the least studied language for speechrecognition.For this reason theﬁrst step for Turkishspeech recognition is preparing a database.The texts torecord the database were selected from television pro-grams and newspaper articles.Selection criterion was tocover various subject and to create a phonetically bal-anced corpus.Additionally it is important to include asmany different word as possible.The Speech Training and Recognition Uniﬁed Tool(STRUT)1has been used for training and testing systems for preliminary recogni-tion experiments.1.IntroductionSpeech recognition has been one of the most studied ﬁelds in the past decades.Since current speech recog-nition systems for Large V ocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition(LVCSR)tasks are not very accurate,there is an increasing interest and research to improve the ac-curacy of the systems.Researches on speech recognition are very differ-ent from each other.Some researchers are interested in acoustic analysis while others are interested in language modeling.The ultimate objective is to convert speech acoustic signal to the corresponding word sequence.The best results for automatic speech recognition are obtained by applying statistical modeling techniques. Statistical modeling can be used for both acoustic anal-ysis and language modeling in speech recognition.For modeling the speech acoustic signal it is common to use Hidden Markov Models(HMM)[8].A typical HMM-based speech recognition system uses typically HMMs for each phoneme or for each where is the likelihood of acoustic data X given model M,is the prior probability of the model which can by obtained by a Language Model(LM)and is the prior probability of the acoustic data which can be calculated from training data.To create a language model we need a large text in-cluding ideally all possible word sequences in the lan-guage.A classical n-gram language model tries toﬁnd the probability of a word sequence of length n for the language[10].For agglutinative languages it is very dif-ﬁcult to obtain a sufﬁciently large text because of the ex-tremely large number of words.The language model will suffer from data sparseness and will not be reliable.So it is necessary toﬁnd a method more suitable than classical n-gram language modeling.The paper is organized as follows:section2de-scribes the Turkish morphology.Section3describes the Turkish database we collected.Section4gives some re-sults obtained using the Speech Training and Recogni-tion Uniﬁed Toolkit(STRUT)on the Turkish database we prepared.Section5gives some conclusions and fu-ture works.2.Turkish MorphologyTurkish has an agglutinative morphology with productive inﬂectional and derivational sufﬁxations.It is a memberof the Altaic family of languages.The number of wordsis very high because of productive sufﬁxations.Accord-ing to[1]the number of distinct words in a corpus of10million words is greater than400,000.This work also mentioned the data sparseness problem for such a large corpus.Since there are so many words in the language,ifwe use a large vocabulary continuous speech recognition system for Turkish language,it is unlikely that the lexi-con for speech recognition contains all the words.Conse-quently,the number of Out of V ocabulary(OOV)wordswill be large.There are some words that may not be ap-pear in a very large text because of rare usage.An exam-ple for such a word is[2]:OSMAN LILAS¸TIRAMAYAB˙ILECEKLER˙I-M˙IZDENM˙IS¸S˙IN˙IZCES˙INEand its production obtained by breaking it down into its root and morphemes:OSMAN+LI+LAS¸+TIR+AMA+YAB˙IL+ECEK+LER+˙IM˙IZ +DEN+M˙IS¸+S˙IN˙IZ+CES˙INEThe meaning of this word is“as if you were of those whom we might consider not converting into an Ot-toman”.As can be seen it is possible to say a sentence bya single word.The sufﬁxes have derivational and inﬂec-tional effects on the root words.For the example above,the derivational sufﬁxes change the meaning of the wordas follows:OSMAN:NameOSMANLI:(the region)in which there areOsmans,Ottoman OSMANLILAS¸MAK:Being Ottoman.(-MAK forinﬁnitive form of the verb) OSMANLILAS¸TIRMAK:Converting into an Ottoman. ...For more information on Turkish morphology there isa study for the description of Turkish morphology byﬁ-nite state approach[2].In this work morphological rulesof Turkish language are redeﬁned with aﬁnite state ap-proach.The phonemes in the Turkish language are equivalent to letters.That means for each of the letters:V owels:a eıi o¨o u¨uConsonants:b c c¸d f g˘g h j k l m n p r s s¸t v y zthere is a phoneme.Turkish morphology exhibits vowel harmony.Sufﬁx-ation is subject to vowel harmony.Theﬁrst vowel of thesufﬁx depends on the last vowel of the stem.Stem is the word without the sufﬁx.Stem is different than the root word while stems may include sufﬁxes.A stem ending with a back vowel(a,ı,o,u)takes a sufﬁx starting with a back vowel,a stem ending with a front vowel(e,i,¨o,¨u) takes a sufﬁx starting with a front vowel.2.1.Morphology based language modeling Language modeling for agglutinative languages need to be different than language modeling of languages like English.Such languages also have inﬂections but not as many as an agglutinative ing the part-of-speech tags[6]that can be assigned to the words for language modeling might be a solution.But it is not use-ful since it causes loss of information for intermediate derivations.Because these derivations can contain mark-ers for syntactic relationship between words.One approach for modeling agglutinative languages is proposed by[3].In this work,the roots and the endings of words are considered as language model entries.The procedure is:1.Identify all possible endings for a language by us-ing a vocabulary.2.Extract the endings from all dictionary words.Thiscan be done either by using a dictionary in whichendings and stems are already deﬁned or by pro-cessing the text toﬁnd endings and stems.3.Take a sufﬁciently large text and by using themethod in step2,generate a text composed ofstems and endings separated by white spaces.4.Construct the vocabulary to be used for LM fromthe text generated in step3.5.For each stem,calculate a set of probability for theendings.6.Generate an n-gram language model for any com-bination of stems and endings.For Turkish,it is more easy to determine the root words,so in step1,the root words are identiﬁed using a dictionary of root words.In step2the possible list of endings will be deter-mined.With the help of the morphological analyzer[2] the possible endings and stems can be found for a dictio-nary.In step3from a large text,the stems and endings can be determined and separated by white spaces.Then it is possible to create an n-gram language model from the text obtained.For the reason of the vowel harmony some endings are considered as equivalent,for example:-dim in geldim (I came)and-dum in buldum(I found)have the same function(ﬁrst person past time).In implementation these sufﬁxes can be represented as-dHm in which H means harmonize with the last vowel[2].Another method for language modeling of aggluti-native languages is proposed by[1].This method isbased on morphological structure of the Turkish lan-guage.The method is different than a classical n-gramlanguage model since it tries to estimate the probabilityof the word from its composition.It does not use the his-tory toﬁnd the probability of the word.The aim is to model the distribution of morphologi-cal parses given the words and to seek a variable,thesequence of morphological parse of a word,that maxi-mizes the probability of the morphological parse giventhe word,:2ftp://.tr/pub/Turklang/corpusNumber ofutterances(continuous speech)isolated wordswords in continuous speechdifferent words in continuous speechdifferent words in all recordingmale speakersfemale speakers3/winsno/winsno.html4.Training and Recognition Results STRUT software is used for speech analysis,acoustic model training and speech recognition purposes.There are independent programs for each step of training and recognition processes.STRUT includes the programs for hybrid HMM/ANN(Artiﬁcial Neural Network)speech recognition[9],[5].The experiences explained here are based on this technique.The ANN used is a Multi-layer Perceptron(MLP).MLP outputs are phoneme a posteri-ori probabilities for a given acoustic feature vector.Fea-ture vectors are RASTA[14]feature vectors.Recognition is performed by Viterbi[15]decoding.There are also some STRUT programs to make seg-mentation and phonetic labeling of speech data given some labeled data.The resulting labeled data can be used to label new data.The recognition performance of the system is calcu-lated by counting the correctly recognized words.For the experiments,the Turkish database described in section III was used.The results are shown in Ta-ble2.Theﬁrst results are obtained by training a MLP with phonetically labeled isolated words from10speaker. There were100words for each speakers.Then the iso-lated words speech from10other speakers was used to test the speech recognition system.The results are not as good as expected,this is because of not using enough data to train the MLP.Recognition accuracy for continu-ous speech should be better after some more training and introducing a well deﬁned language model.Training DataTest Data6.References[1]D.Hakkani-T¨u r,K.Oﬂazer,G.T¨u r,“StatisticalMorphological Disambiguation for Agglutinative Languages”,Technical Report,Bilkent University, 2000.[2]K.Oﬂazer,“Two-level Description of TurkishMorphology”,Literary and Linguistic Computing, 9(2):137-148,1994.[3]D.Kanevsky et.al.,“Statistical Language Modelfor Inﬂected Languages”,US patent no:5,835,888, 1998.[4]C.Yılmaz,“A Large V ocabulary Speech Recogni-tion System for Turkish”,MS thesis,Bilkent Uni-versity,1999.[5]O.Deroo,“Mod`e les D´e pendants du Contexte etM´e thodes de Fusion de Donn´e es Appliqu´e s`a la Reconnaisance de la Parole par Mod`e les Hybrides HMM/MLP”PhD Thesis,Facult´e Polytechnique de Mons,1998.[6]J.Carlberger,V.Kann,“Implementing an EfﬁcientPart-of-speech Tagger”,Software Practice and Ex-perience,29,815-832,1999.[7]G.T¨u r,D.Hakkani-T¨u r,K.Oﬂazer,“StatisticalModeling of Turkish for Automatic Topic Segmen-tation”,Technical Report,Bilkent University,2000.[8]L.Rabiner,“A Tutorial on Hidden Markov Modelsand Selected Applications in Speech Recognition”, Proceedings of IEEE,77(2):257-286,1989.[9]H.Bourlard,N.Morgan,“Connectionist SpeechRecognition:A Hybrid Aproach”,Kluwer Aca-demic Publishers,1994.[10]A.Borthwick,“Survey Paper on Statistical Lan-guage Modeling”,Technical Report,Proteus project,New York University Computer Science Department,1997.[11]B.Hoffman,“The Computational Analysis of theSyntax and Interpretation of Free Word Order in Turkish”,PhD Dissertation,University of Pennsyl-vania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science.[12]E.Mengusoglu,C.Ris,“Use of Acoustic Prior In-formation for Conﬁdence Measure in ASR Applica-tions”,to appear in Proceedings of EUROSPEECH, 2001.[13]G.Williams,“Knowing What You Don’t Know:Roles for Conﬁdence Measures in Automatic Speech Recognition”,PhD Thesis,Department of Computer Science,University of Shefﬁeld,1999.[14]H.Hermansky,N.Morgan,“RASTA Processing ofSpeech”,IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing,2(4),578-589,1994.[15]A.J.Viterbi,“Error Bounds for ConvolutionalCodes and an Asymptotically Optimum Decod-ing Algorithm”,IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,13(2),260-269,1967.。

Language course

Language CourseIn the final weeks of the semester, I participated in the language practice course, and benefited hugely from that.Our language course is divided into two parts: perform the sitcom and classic English drama. First of all, I will talk about the first task--- perform the sitcom. At the beginning, we surf the internet for collecting extensive information about sitcom. After knowing the characters of sitcom, we chose to perform Friend. Our group members shared out the work, so we completed the play quickly. Then, we spent our spare time practicing our sitcom. Eventually, we performed our sitcom in the class, and our performance was a success.After the sitcom contest has finished, I have obtained a lot that I have never thought about before. On the one hand, the sitcom contest let me acquired a lot of knowledge about sitcom. Sitcom derives from the light comedy in America. In a word, sitcom is a humorous television program on situations that might arise in everyday life. There are many features about sitcom. For example, the characters are fixed, the scenes are house and bars, the time about one episode is about twenty minutes, and the laughs from the audience often surround in the sitcom.On the other hand, I learned how to cooperate with others. In the past, I always thought that I could do everything by myself, but till that time, I realized how important the cooperation is. Whether we can succeed depends on how well we cooperate. Our group consisted of six people who helped each other and shared with our in need. As an activity that required teamwork and cooperation, sitcom contest placed spirit of solidarity in the highest position. As the people in the era, most of us are selfish. We are unwilling to share with others and accept the advices from the others. I am grateful the sitcom performance to let me know how to do the cooperative learning. By the cooperation, I learned the ability to be good at listening to others suggestions, experiencing the needs of others and humbly accept criticism.After finishing the sitcom performance, we started to prepare the classic English drama. We accepted our teacher’s suggestion, and decided to adapt Hamlet. We began to cast ourselves for parts by our different characters.As we all know, the performance of classic English drama is a difficult assignment. Even though has acted in plays, I never contacted classic English drama before. There was no doubt that I faced many difficulties, but I learned so much in the process of performing the drama.Firstly, I improved my speaking skills and pronunciation. The Standard English is a feature of Shakespeare’s plays, so I must watch the movie over and over again and imitated the actor’s line in order to learn the Standard English and perform well. Therefore, I learned many speaking skills and enhanced the level of pronunciation. Secondly, I learned an important lesson about trying. Hamlet was the classic, and it was a great challenge for me. But we performed it successfully. Now, I know that I will succeed in the end if I am willing to try and never give up, no matter how difficult the thing seems. Thirdly, in the process, I cultivated an interest in appreciating Shakespeare’s plays. I was unwilling to read Shakespeare’s plays in the past, for they are difficult for me to understand. After performed Hamlet, I found that Shakespeare’s plays are well worth reading. They contain a profound philosophy meaning and great insights, which are worthy to be read slowly and carefully. From now on, I will make it a habit to read Sh akespeare’s plays.On the contrary, there are some shortcomings in my language course. I was a little nervous, so I didn’t recite the lines smoothly and performed naturally. Besides, I didn’t make the deep analysis of the character unique, so I couldn’t express the features about my characters. But fortunately, I can overcome shortcomings and improve the inadequacy by the language course. In general, I am so happy and satisfied, for proving to myself that I can do it.In a word, the language course is extraordinary and meaningful. Even thought I finished the language course, I will take an active part in English activities in the future.。

《英美概况》谢福之课后简答题及部分重点答案

《英美概况》谢福之课后简答题及答案Chapter 1 geography people and language1.what is the full name of the U.K?A: the full name is the united kingdom of great Britain and northern Ireland.2.Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?A: because they like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink the scotch whisky and to see the Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3.How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and whatare they?A:the development of English language be divided into three period :old English , middle English ,modern English .4.Why did English become more important after the Black Death?A: the laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social important after the Black Death. So English also grew in importance compared to French .Chapter 2 History1.What are the two components of the British parliament?A: they are the House of Commons and the House of Lords.2.What were some of Queen Victoria’s major achievements?A:the Queen Victoria’s major achievements in almost every aspect : she promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign , British had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world’s landmass.3.What were the two camps in Europe in world war I?A: The central powers which included Germany ,Austria-Hungary , the ottoman empire and Bulgaria and allied powers which were mainly comprised of France , the Russian empire ,and British empire , Italy and the united states.5.Why did Britain cooperate closely with the united states after world war II?A: because they were allied during the war and share the same worries about the former soviet union.Chapter 3 government and the commonwealth1.What the three functions of the house of commons?A: the three functions are : to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government policy.2.Why is the Conservative party sometimes called the “Right”?A: because the conservative party is supported by landowners and businessmen, who are often from the middle and upper-middle class.3.What kind of public image dose liberal democrats have in Britain?A:the liberal democrats is perceived as “middle” between the conservation and the labor party . it is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social . it emphasizes the need for a change in Britain’s constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.4.Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election ?A; Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in parliament. Therefore , it isnot possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.Chapter 4 economy1.What was the negative aspect of Thatcher’s reform in the early 1980s?A: its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment . in 1982,the unemployment rate reached the level of the great depression years, with three million people out of work.2.What are the characteristics of Britain’s agriculture?A:britain’s agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agriculture activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country’s labor force , it meets around 60% of the national demands.3.What happened to Britain’s beef industry in the mid-1990s?A: Britain’s beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.4.What are some of the popular tourist attractions in Britain?The popular tourist attractions in England include : The Dorset and the East Devon Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge , Windsor Castle, University towns of Oxford and Cambridge, Tower of London ,St.Paul’s cathedral and so on .Chapter 5 education ,media and holidays1.What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university , whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2.What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?Britain comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3.In what ways do British universities enjoy complete academic freedom?British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4.How do the students in the open university receive their education?The students follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence ,video, and a network of study centers.5.What role dose the media play in British leisure culture?The media play an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public’s opinion, determine people’s moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule or a government.Chapter 6 literature1.What are the three categories of Shakespeare’s play and their representatives?Shakespeare’s plays fall into three categories: comedy, tragedy and historical play. The representatives of his comedies include A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, As You Like It and Twelfth Night. His major historical plays include Richard Ⅲ，HenryⅣand Cleopatra . His great tragedies are represented by Hamlet, Othello, King Lear , Macbeth and Romeo and Juliet.2.What is critical Realism?critical Realism is a literary school which flourished in the 40s and early 50s of the 19th century .the critical realists described the chief traits of the society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint . the greatest English critical realist wasCharles Dickens .3.What are the two new literary trends prevailing at the end of 19th century?The new literary trends that prevailed at the end of 19th century are neo-romanticism and aestheticism. Those who belong to neo-romanticism laid emphasis on the invention of exciting adventures and fascinating stories, and those of aestheticism believed in “art for art’s sake”.4.What is stream of consciousness?stream of consciousness is the writing technique which puts the unorganized flow of thought on page . writers who adopt this technique give precedence to the depiction of the characters’mental and emotional reactions to external events, rather than the events themselves. Chapter 7 society and cultureUSAChapter 8 geography and people1.How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven . the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population . the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2.How is the life of the native Americans today ?About one third of all native Americans now live on reservations and the others live in cities.Poverty and unemployment are the major problems for them , especially on the reservations .3.Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would lower wage levels and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.Chapter 9 history1.Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2.What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a)brought the Vietnam war to a close ;b)reestablishing U.S. relations with china ;c)negotiating the first strategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3.What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reaga n’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.Chapter 10 government1.What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and thepowers of state governments are specified.2.What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident inthe state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S.citizen for no less than seven years.3.What are the major powers of the supreme court?a)to interpret laws ;b)to hear appeals from any federal court cases; c)to hear appeals from statecourt cases that involve the constitution or national laws ; d)may declare a law unconstitutional ; e) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional.4.What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of politicalopinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern . they favor civil rights laws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion . they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.5.What is the content of president Wilson’s fourteen points?president Wilson’s fourteen points include: abandonment of secret international agreements;freedom of the sea; free trade between nations ; reduction of armaments ; adjustment of colonial claims in the interests of the inhabitants affected; self-rule for subjugated European nationalities ; and the establishment of an association of nations which guarantees the political independence and territorial integrity of all nations.Chapter 11 economy1.What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew . a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.2.How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable .northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3.Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.Chapter 12 education , media and holidays1.How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records; b) recommendations from their high school teachers; c) the impression they make during interviews at the university ; d) their scores on the SAT.2.What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3.What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4.What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.Chapter 13 literature1.What is the essence of American Puritanism?American Puritanism stress predestination , original sin, total depravity, and limited atonement or the salvation of a selected few who would receive God’s grace.2.What themes are reflected in Theodore Dreiser’s works?Theodore Dreiser’s novels deal with everyday life, often its sordid side. Dreiser found that living in such a materialistic society, the human individual is obsessed with an endless and meaningless search for satisfaction of their desires . he embraced social Darwinism and advocated the idea of “the survival of the fittest”.3.What is the lost Generation?The lost Generation refer to the young American writers caught up in the world war I and cut off values yet unable to come to terms with the new era when civilization has gone mad .they produced works of disillusionment. Two of the most representative writers of the lost generation are Ernest Hemingway and F.Scott Fitzgerald.4.What is the Beat Movement?The Beat Movement began in the middle of the 1950s. the word “beat”suggests a non-conformist , rebellious attitude toward conventional values concerning sex. Religion and the America way of life , an attitude which results from the feeling of depression and exhaustion and the need to escape into an unconventional, communal mode of life. The representatives are Allen Ginsberg, William Burroughs and Jack Kerouac.CanadaChapter 14 geography and history1.考试重点英国：1 、the rise and fall of the British empire.In 1583, the British empire built the first overseas colony to Newfoundland, marked the beginning of the British empire. By 1837, Britain had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zea land, India and many small states in the west indies. By the end of 19th century, the British empire include a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world’s landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before world war I, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However , Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two world wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of the Britain’s colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall of the Empire.2.The major reasons of the Britain’s relative economic decline:Britain’s economic experienced a relative decline in the postwar period for several reasons:(1)Britain suffered great losses in the two world wars and had gone heavily into debts to finance the war.(2)the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for British goods, gained their independence.(3)Britain was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. (4)Britain had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN security Council.(5)Britain failed to invest in industry after world war II whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with Britain by investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.3. What are the three categories of Shakespeare’s play and their representatives?Shakespeare’s plays fall into three categories: comedy, tragedy and historical play. The representatives of his comedies include A Midsummer Night’s Dream(仲夏夜之梦), The Merchant of Venice(威尼斯商人), As You Like It (皆大欢喜)and Twelfth Night(第十二夜). His major historical plays include Richard Ⅲ(理查三世)，HenryⅣ（亨利四世）and Cleopatra(埃及艳后) . His great tragedies are represented by Hamlet（哈姆雷特）, Othello（奥赛罗）, King Lear（李尔王）, Macbeth（麦克白）and Romeo and Juliet（罗密欧与朱丽叶）.4.The industrial Revolution took root in Britain’s reasons:(1) the Britain had a huge market(2)from the colonies in America and India, England acquired enormous wealth with which to develop its industries.(3) the enclosure movement deprived many small landowners of their property(4)England experienced rapid economic development in the 18th century.美国1.Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2. What are the ideals that guide the American education system?The first ideal is that as many as possible should receive as much education as possible. The second ideal is that producing a society that is totally literate and of local control. Education is governed by the state and local government, not by the national government. The third ideal is thatthe scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known. Teach the children how to learn and help them reach their maximum potential.3. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.加拿大1.The responsibilities of the Governor General : Including summon the House of Commons and the Senate, giving Royal Assent to all federal laws passed by the House, opening and ending sessions of Parliament before election.。

大学英语15分钟试讲PPT

Course outline
01
Unit 1
Basic Grammar and Vocabulary：Introduction to basic grammar
structures and common vocabulary, with exercises and activities
to practice and improve.
Critical thinking
To foster students' critical thinking skills by encouraging them to analyze complex texts, evaluate arguments, and express their own opinions clearly and coherently.
03
Unit 3
Reading Comprehension：Introduction to different reading
strategies, critical thinking when reading, and practice with
different types of texts.
Course outline
Peer Reviews: Students
review each other's work, identifying grammar errors, vocabulary usage, and sentence structure.
Summative assessment
01
02
Purpose: To measure student performance at the end of a course or learning unit.

An Introduction to Linguistics《语言学概论》

(* Why is duality regarded as an important feature of human language? Because: i. A far greater number of messages can be sent; ii. No animal communication possesses it. ) 4. Displacement （不受时空限制性） ── Human language can cope with any subject what ever, and it does not matter how far away the topic is in time and space. （语言可以用来表达任何时间、任何地点的任何抽象或具体的人、事、物）.
The defining properties of human language features （识别特征） : The possession of language most clearly distinguishes man from other animals.
A list of reference books:
1.《语言学教程》 (英语版), 胡壮麟, 北京大学出版社。 2.《语言学概论》王德春，上海外语教育出版社。 3.《现代英语语言学概论（英语版）戴炜栋, 上海外语教育出版社。 4.《现代语言学》何兆熊梅德明，外语教学与研究出版社 5.《简明英语语言学教程》（英语版）戴炜栋等，上海外语教育出版社 6.《语言学和语言的应用》王宗炎，上海外语教育出版社 7.《语言学》 H.G.Widdowson，上海外语教育出版社 8.《语言学入门》（英语版） Stuart C. Poole 外语教学与研究出版社

教师发展379篇国内外期刊文献 - 副本

379篇国内外期刊文献（2000-2013）国外271篇：1.Abalı, N. (2013). "English Language Teachers‘ use of, Competence in and ProfessionalDevelopment needs for Specific Classroom Activities." Procedia - Social and BehavioralSciences 70: 181-187.2.Abednia, A. (2012). "Teachers‘ professional identity: Contributions of a critical EFL teachereducation course in Iran." Teaching and Teacher Education 28(5): 706-717.3.Adair Breault, D. (2013). "The challenges of scaling-up and sustaining professionaldevelopment school partnerships." Teaching and Teacher Education 36: 92-100.4.Ahmad, A. and S. Khan (2011). "Significance of language policy awareness in Englishlanguage teaching." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 15: 1897-1900.5.Akbari, R. (2007). "Reflections on reflection: A critical appraisal of reflective practices in L2teacher education." System 35(2): 192-207.6.Akbari, R., F. Behzadpoor, et al. (2010). "Development of English language teaching reflectioninventory." System 38(2): 211-227.7.Alemu, A. (2013). "Professionalism And Professional Development Of Teachers In EnglishLanguage Teaching: University Of Gondar In Focus." International Journal of InnovativeResearch and Development 2(9).8.Allen, H. W., & Negueruela–Azarola, E. (2010). ―The professional development of fu tureprofessors of foreign languages: Looking back, looking forward.‖ The Modern LanguageJournal, 94(3), 377-395.9.Allen, L. Q. (2000). "Culture and the ethnographic interview in foreign language teacherdevelopment." Foreign Language Annals 33(1): 51-57.10.Allen, L. Q. (2010). ―The impact of study abroad on the professional lives of world languageteachers.‖ Foreign Language Annals, 43(1), 93-104.11.Allwright, D. (2010). "Practitioner research." Language Teaching Research 14(2): 207-207.12.Altan, M. Z. (2012). ―Pre-service EFL teachers‘ beliefs about foreign language learning.‖European Journal of Teacher Education, 35(4), 481-493.13.Álvarez-Bernardo, G., J. R. Guijarro-Ojeda, et al. (2013). "Innovating EFL Teacher Training inSpain: Post-Structuralist Approaches to Gender." Methodology: 6.14.Amiri, F. (2000). ―IT-literacy for language teachers: should it include computer programming?‖System, 28(1), 77-84.15.Anca, P. (2013). "The Development of Multiple Skills for the Foreign Language Teacher of theXXIst Century – Current Training Needs." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 76:643-648.16.Antoniadou, V. (2011). ―Using Activity Theory to understand the contradictions in an onlinetransatlantic collaboration between student-teachers of English as a Foreign La nguage.‖ ReCALL, 23(3), 233-251.17.Arnold, N., & Ducate, L. (2006). ―Future foreign language teachers' social and cognitivecollaboration in an online environment.‖ Language Learning and Technology, 10(1), 42.18.Ates, B., & Eslami, Z. R. (2012). ―An analysi s of non-native English-speaking graduateteaching assistants‘ online journal entries.‖ Language and Education, 26(6), 537-552.19.Azlan, N. M. N. I. and S. 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Byrd (2007). "Preparing writing teachers to teach the vocabulary andgrammar of academic prose." Journal of Second Language Writing 16(3): 129-147.61.Crookes, G. (2010). ―Book review: Karen E. Johnson (2009). Second language teachereducation: A socio-cultural perspective.‖ New York: Routledge. Language Teaching Research, 14(3), 338-341.62.Cullen, R. (2001). ―The use of lesson transcripts for developing teachers' classroom language.‖System, 29(1), 27-43.63.Cvetek, S. (2008). ―Applying chaos theory to lesson planning and delivery.‖ European Journalof Teacher Education, 31(3), 247-256.64.Daloglu, A. (2004). "A professional development program for primary school English languageteachers in Turkey: designing a materials bank." International Journal of EducationalDevelopment 24(6): 677-690.65.Dang, T. K. A., H. T. M. Nguyen, et al. (2013). "The impacts of globalisation on EFL teachereducation through English as a medium of instruction: an example from Vietnam." 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TPO9听力文本解析

Conversation 1food science 食品科学(研究食物的烹调及制作的科学，有时还包括营养学及饮食学在内) major course of study专业it seems like a great industry to get involved with. 看起来食品科学是一个很不错的行业（投身于）。

a four-year degree in food science 食品科学专业的四年制学位academia学术界；学术生涯例：...the importance of strong links between industry and academia....工业界和学术界间紧密联系的重要性。

food manufacturer 食品生产商the US Food and Drug Administration 美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）commercial商业的，商用的a commercial fishing boat 商用捕鱼船we'd bring in the day's catch to a floating processor boat where the fish got cleaned, packaged and frozen right at sea. 我们将当天所捕获的鱼集中送到一艘海上加工船。

清洗，包装，冷冻全在海上完成。

floating浮动的，漂浮的；不固定的floating population流动人口floating rate 浮动汇率as a matter of fact, I am sort of interested in food packaging. 实际上，我对食品包装比较感兴趣。

for that, you will need a strong background in physics, math and chemistry. 那样的话，你得在物理，数学，化学方面有良好的教育背景。

英语国家概况课后习题答案完整版

一、选择题（答案在下面）I. Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements.1.The two main islands of the British Isles are .A. Great Britain and IrelandB. Great Britain and ScotlandC. Great Britain and WalesD. Great Britain and England2.is the capital city of Scotland.A. BelfastB. EdinburghC. AberdeenD. Cardiff3.According to a 2005 estimate, Britain now has a population of over million.A. 160B. 600C. 60D. 164.Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, is the smallest.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland5.Almost a quarter of the British population lives in England.A. northeasternB. southeasternC. northwesternD. southwestern6.English belongs to the group of Indo-European family of languages.A. CelticB. Indo-IranianC. GermanicD. Roman7.The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of words to English.A. Danish and FinnishB. Dutch and GermanC. French and ItalianD. Latin and Greek8.The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the influence.A. NormanB. DutchC. GermanD. Danish9.Samuel Johnson’s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of .A. grammarB. handwritingC. spellingD. pronunciation10.At present, nearly of the world’s population communicate in English.A. halfB. a quarterC. one thirdD. one fifth11.The attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic12.By the late 7th century, became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity13.Westminster Abbey was built at the time of .A. St. AugustineB. Edward the ConfessorC. William the ConquerorD. Alfred the Great14.The marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law15.The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of .A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster16.The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effort to .A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over the church17.The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between .A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians18.was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta19.The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th20.Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by the beginning of the century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th21.The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three of the following brancheswith the exception of the .A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive22.The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on .A. passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude23.As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to the House of Commons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect24.British Cabinet works on the principle of .A. collective responsibilityB. individual responsibilityC. defending the collectivismD. defending the individuals25.The main duty of the British Privy Council is to .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise the Cabinet26.In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six27.has a distinct legal system based on Roman law.A. WalesB. EnglandC. ScotlandD. Northern Ireland28.Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party29.The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and .A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism30.The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it .A. set up the National Health ServiceB. improved public transportationC. abolished the old tax systemD. enhanced the economic development31.The British economy achieved global dominance by the .A. 1860sB. 1870sC. 1880sD.1890s32.In , the British Parliament passed two important acts to establish a welfare state.A. 1945B. 1946C. 1947D. 194833.The in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem34.Of the following practices, does not belong to Thatcher’s social welfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions35.The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects except .A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation under controlC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality36.Britain has devoted of its land area to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%37.Britain’s important fishing areas include all the following except .A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britain and Ireland38.Coal mining industry in Britain provides of the energy consumed in the country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/339.The car industry in Britain in mostly .A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD. privately-owned40.Of the following sectors in Britain, has experienced spectacular growth since the end of WordWar II.A. agricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD. manufacturing industry41.In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by the introductionof comprehensive schools in the .A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s42.About of British children receive primary and secondary education through the independentsystem.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%43.Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receive their remaining funds fromall the following sources except .A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD. corporate contributions44.Of the following, is NOT a basis of admission to Britain’s universities.A. result in national entrance testB. A-level resultC. an interviewD. school references45.To be admitted to the Open University, one need .A. some educational qualificationsB. no educational qualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD. General National Vocational Qualifications46.Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “Big Three” with theexception of .A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The Daily Telegraph47.Life on Earth is a kind of program produced by the BBC and is popular among 500 millionviewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC. documentaryD. soap opera48.is Britain’s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB49.Of the following, is NOT a common feature of all the British holidays.A. families getting togetherB. friends exchanging good wishesC. friends enjoying each other’s companyD. families traveling overseas50.The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except .A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen’s Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomime51.The most significant achievement of the English Renaissance is .A. poetryB. dramaC. novelD. pamphlet52.is viewed as Romantic poetry’s “Declaration of Independence.”A. “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud”B. Don JuanC.“Preface to Lyrical Ballads”D. Prometheus Unbound53.Of Dickens’ novels, is considered autobiographical.A. A Tale of Two CitiesB. David CopperfieldC. Oliver TwistD. Great Expectations54.is a representative of English Critical Realism at the turn of the 19th century.A. Robert Louis StevensonB. John MiltonC. Joseph ConradD. Thomas Hardy55.Of the following statements, is NOT correct in terms of Neo-Romanticism.A. It prevailed at the end of the 19th century.B. The writers were dissatisfied with the social reality.C. The writers believed in “Art for Art’s Sake”.D. Treasure Island was a representative work.56.is NOT included in the modernist group.A. Oscar WildB. Virginia WoolfC. William Butler YeatsD. T. S. Eliot57.Of the following books, was NOT written by Thomas Hardy.A. Jude the ObscureB. Tess of the D’UrbervillesC. Adam BedeD. The Return of the Native58.Of the following statements, is NOT correct about Virginia Woolf.A. She was a central figure of the “Bloomsbury Group”.B. She experimented with stream of consciousness.C. She was an influential feminist.D. Her masterpiece was The Rainbow.59.Of the following writers, is NOT a Nobel Prize winner.A. Samuel BeckettB. James JoyceC. William GoldingD. V. S. Naipaul60.Waiting for Godot is written by .A. Samuel BeckettB. George OrwellC. William GoldingD. D. H. Lawrence61.The United States has states on the continent.A. 50B. 49C. 48D. 3562.The state of is the largest in area of all the states.A. AlaskaB. HawaiiC. TexasD. Florida63.The U. S. lies in North America, with Canada to the north, Mexico to the south, the Atlantic toits and the Pacific to its .A. northern, east, westB. central, east, westC. southern, west, eastD. western, east, west64.The largest river in the U. S. is .A. the Missouri RiverB. the Mississippi RiverC. the Ohio RiverD. the Colorado River65.Some of the world famous universities like Harvard, Yale and MIT are located .A. in the SouthB. along the Pacific CoastC. in New EnglandD. in the Midwest66.is located on the U. S. –Canadian border between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.A. Yellowstone National ParkB. The Grand CanyonC. Niagara FallsD. The Great Salt Lake67.The native Alaskan population includes the following except the .A. IndiansB. EskimosC. AleutsD. Blacks68.The largest minority in the United States is the .A. Pacific IslandersB. BlacksC. Native AmericansD. Asians69.The Immigrants Act of 1924 restricted the further immigration into the United States, particularlyfrom .A. EuropeB. AsiaC. AfricaD. South America70.The characteristic of dominant American culture is .A. English-speaking, northern European, Roman Catholic and middle-classB. English-speaking, western European, Roman Catholic and upper-classC. English-speaking, northern European, Protestant and upper-classD. English-speaking, western European, Protestant and middle-class71.The first successful English colony in North America was founded at in .A. Jamestown, LouisianaB. Boston, MassachusettsC. Jamestown, VirginiaD. Plymouth, Georgia72.Pilgrim Fathers are a group of who came to America to avoid persecution in England.A. ProtestantsB. PuritansC. CatholicsD. Christians73.The Seven Years’ War occurred between the .A. French and American IndiansB. French and SpaniardsC. French and BritishD. British and American Indians74.“No taxation without representation” was the rallying slogan of .A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies75.The first shots of the American War of Independence were fired in .A. ConcordB. LexingtonC. PhiladelphiaD. Boston76.In May 1775, was held in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of a nationalgovernment.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Boston Tea PartyD. the Congress of Confederation77.Abraham Lincoln issued to grant freedom to all slaves.A. Declaration of IndependenceB. ConstitutionC. Emancipation ProclamationD. Bill of Rights78.The policy of the United States was at the beginning of the two world wars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD. appeasement79.President applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the Great Depression.A. WilsonB. TrumanC. RooseveltD. Kennedy80.The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continued throughout the terms ofPresidents .A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC. Kennedy, Johnson and NixonD. Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson81.The U. S. Constitution came into effect in .A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 179382.The Constitution of the United States .A. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the most power to the PresidentC. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court83.The Bill of Rights .A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and freedomsC. is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD. has no relationship with the Constitution84.The following except are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.A. freedom of religionB. the right to get into people’s house by policeC. freedom of speech and of pressD. the right to own one’s weapon if one wishes85.All the following except cannot make legislative proposal.A. the SenatorB. the RepresentativeC. the Secretary of StateD. the President86.The following except are all powers of the President.A. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC. making lawsD. issuing executive orders87.According to the Constitution, a candidate for President must be .A. at least 35 years oldB. at least a 14 years’ resident of the United StatesC. born in AmericaD. all of the above88.The terms for a Senator and Representative are and years respectively.A. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD. six, two89.The Supreme Court is composed of justices.A. sixB. sevenC. eightD. nine90.The President is directly voted into office by .A. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizens over 18 years oldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senators and representatives91.America produces a major portion of the world’s products in the following fields except .A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD. chemicals92.The modern American economy progressed from to , and eventually, to .A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy93.Chartered companies were NOT granted the by the British King or Queen.A. political authorityB. economic rightsC. judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority94.The first National Bank of the United States was established with the urge of .A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Andrew JacksonD. Alexander Hamilton95.The following inventions took place during the “second industrial revolution” except .A. typewriterB. telephoneC. electric lightD. refrigerator96.President Johnson tried to build a “Great Society” by introducing various programs like the followingexcept .A. MedicareB. Food StampsC. Education InitiativesD. Unemployment Pension97.About of American crops are for export.A. halfB. one thirdC. one fourthD. one fifth98.The following statements are all true except .A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enterprises.B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural imports and exports.C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.99.is not one of the three giants in American automobile industry.A. FordB. General MotorsC. ChryslerD. American Motors100.At present, U. S. exports account for of the world’s total.A. 10%B. 15%C. 20%D. 25%101.Formal education in the United States consists of , secondary and higher education.A. kindergartenB. publicC. elementaryD. private102.Of the following subjects, are NOT offered to elementary school students.A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and business educationC. science and social studiesD. music and physical education103.Higher education in the United States began with the founding of .A. Yale UniversityB. Harvard UniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. New York University104.Of the following, are NOT among the categories of American higher education.A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community colleges105.Of the following, is NOT the responsibility of the board of trustees in U. S. institutions.A. choosing the presidentB. establishing policies for administrators and facultyC. approving budget and other financial projectD. decide which student to enroll106.To get a bachelor’s degree, all undergraduate students are required to do the following except .A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinationsC. working for communitiesD. earning a certain number of credits107.Of the following universities, has NOT cultivated any American President yet.A. Harvard UniversityB. Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyC. Princeton UniversityD. Yale University108.is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has a reputation for its serious attitude and great bulk.A. The Washington PostB. The New York TimesC. Los Angeles TimesD. New York Daily News109.Of the following, is NOT among the three major radio and TV networks in America.A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS)B. the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)D. the American Broadcasting System (ABS)110.The National Day of the United States falls on .A. June 4thB. July 4thC. June 14thD. July 14th111.Of the following writers, are from the Colonial and Revolutionary Periods.A. Benjamin Franklin & Edgar Ellen PoeB. Edgar Ellen Poe & Jonathan EdwardsC. Benjamin Franklin & Jonathan EdwardsD. Edgar Ellen Poe & Washington Irving112.is regarded as “the father of American literature”.A. James Fennimore CooperB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Thomas JeffersonD. Washington Irving113.Of the following, is NOT Nathaniel Hawthorne’s work.A. The Scarlet LetterB. The House of the Seven GablesC. The Marble FaunD. Nature114.Of the following, is considered Herman Melville’s masterpiece.A. The Last of the MohicansB. The Legend of Sleepy HollowC. Moby DickD. Daisy Miller115.Of the following, is NOT characteristic of Mark Twain’s works.A. colloquial speechB. a sense of humorC. a realistic viewD. an idealistic view116.Of the following writers, is NOT included in the group of naturalists.A. Stephen CraneB. Frank NorrisC. Theodore DreiserD. Herman Melville117.F. Scott Fitzgerald’s finest novel is , and its theme is about .A. The Great Gatsby, the American DreamB. Tender is the Night, loveC. Tales of the Jazz Age, the loss of oneselfD. The Beautiful and the Damned, the evil of human nature118.Of the following books, is NOT written by Ernest Hemingway.A. The Sun Also RisesB. The Sound and the FuryC. A Farewell to ArmsD. For Whom the Bell Tolls119.Of the following writers, is Not a Nobel Prize winner.A. Alice WalkerB. Ernest HemingwayC. William FaulknerD. Eugene O’Neil120.is the first African-American winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature.A.Ralph EllisonB. Tony MorrisonC. Richard WrightD. James Baldwin选择题参考答案：第一章 A B C D B C D A C B第二章 D D B C C A B A C D三 C D B A B C C B D A四 C B A C D C D B A C五 D B B A B C C D D A六 B C B D C A C D B A八 C A B B C C D B A D九 C B C D B B C A C D十 B C B B C C D D D C十一 C C D D D D B B D A十二 C B B B D C B B B B十三 C D D C D D A B A B二、判断题及答案Chapter 11.The island of Great Britain is geographically divided into three parts: England, Scotland and Wales. (T)2.People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country.(F)3.Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language.(F)4.In terms of population and area,Northern Ireland is the second largest part of the United Kingdom.(F)5.The longest river of Britain originates in Wales.(T)6.Because of political troubles,Northern Ireland has been quite significant among the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom.(T)7.Though the climate in Britain is generally mild,the temperature in northern Scotland often falls below --10C in January.(F)8.The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo--Saxons.(T)9.The Celtic people are the earliest known inhabitants of Britain.(T)10.English changed into what is described as Modern English from the late 16th century.(F)Chapter 21.The British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T)2.The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5th centuries BC.(T)3.The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe--- the Britons.(T)4.The Anglo--Saxons came to Britain in the mid--5th century.(T)5.The chief or king of the Anglo--Saxon tribes exercised power at their own will.(F)6.The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T)7.Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T)8.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople.(F)9.The Hundred Years' War was a series of wars fought between England and Normans foe trade and territory.(F)10.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions,Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation.(T)Chapter 31.Conventions are regarded less important than common law in the working of the British government.(F)2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.(F)3.In reality,the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F)4.British Parliament is the law--making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.(F)5.Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal are all members in the British Upper House.(T)6.The members in the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.(F)7.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T)8.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament.(F)9.British law consists of two parts,the civil law and the criminal law.(T)10.The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar in terms of law, organization and practice.(F)Chapter 41.Britain was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T)2.The British economy experienced a relative decline during the postwar period.(T)3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economic development in Britain.(F)4.Thatcher's revolution turned out to be a great success in dealing with all the British econimic and social problems.(F)5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair is different from that of the Labor party and the Conservative Party.(T)6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics and economic policy.(T)7.Britain is the world's leading exporter of poultry and dairy products.(F)8.The fishing industry provides more than 50%of Britain's demand for fish.(T)9.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.(F)10.Nuclear power is one of the major energy sources in Britain.(T)Chapter 51.The British government has been responsible for education since the early 1800s.(F)cation in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 15.(F)3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and the independent system.(F)4.When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a national GCSE examination.(T)5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enter famous universities than those from independent schools.(T)6.In the 1960s, a large number of new universities were founded in Britain.(T)7.Most British people begin their day with reading the morning newspaper and end it watching television in the evening.(T)8.The Times is the world's oldest national newspaper(F)9.The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.(F)10.Some British holidays are celebrated to mark the important events of the Christian calendar, and others are related to local customs and traditions.(T)Chapter 61.The Canterbury Tales is a representative work of the Old English Period.(F)2.Renaissance is characterized by admiration of the Greek and Latin classics.(T)3.Hamlet depicts the hero's struggle with two opposing forces: moral integrity and the need to avenge his father's murder.(T)4.Alexander Pope was a great English poet who also translated Homer's Iliad.(T)5.Jonathan Swift is probably the foremost prose satirist in the English language, and Robinson Crusoe is his masterpiece.(F)6.William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge brought the Romantic Movement to its height.(F)7.Lord Byron distinguished himself by the musical quality of his short poems, such as "Ode to the West Wind".(F)8.Jane Austen was a well--known novelist of the stream of consciousness school.(F)9.Joseph Conrad is classified as a forerunner of Modernism, which prevailed before World War II.(T)10.detailed in his works the dual problems of the Third World: the oppression of colonialism and the chaos of postcolonialism.(T)Chapter 71.The Republic of Ireland occupies the entire area of the island of Ireland.(F)2.The earliest inhabitants in Ireland were Celtic tribes from Europe.(F)3.In the 1800s, Ireland gained in prosperity because it became a part of Britain.(F)4.In the 1930s, Ireland was not indeed a republic,but belonged to the Commonwealth of Nations.(T)5.To support the government's neutrality in World War II, there was no Irishman participating in the war.(F)6.With the help of Britain, Ireland entered the EEC in 1973 without difficulties.(F)7.In 1949, Britain recognized the independence of the Irish Republic and returned the six northern countries.(F)8.In Ireland, both the House of Representatives and the Senate have the power of making laws.(F)9.English is the only official language in Ireland, because the majority of people speak it as their tongue.(F)10.Catholicism in Ireland is more than a mere matter of private faith.(T)Chapter 8。

2024年教师资格(中学)-英语学科知识与教学能力(初中)考试历年真题摘选附带答案

2024年教师资格（中学）-英语学科知识与教学能力（初中）考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点押密题库(共100题)1.(单项选择题)(每题2.00 分) Don't be afraid of asking for help→ ←it is needed.A. unlessB. sinceC. althoughD. when2.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Do you want to see the effects of global warming? Then head north. Will Steger is going to take all of us there. Steger, 64, the first person to make a dogsled trip to the Noah Pole, is a very famous and admired polar explorer. He's at home in frozen parts of the world where few humans ever step on. Steger is also a devoted environmentalist who was early to ring the alarm bell on global warming. He saw its effects firsthand in frequent polar expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctica.Steger is about to lead a team of six young adventurers on a 1,400-mile,60-day-long dogsled trip across Ellesmere Island, in the Canadian Arctic. The sea ice in that region should still be frozen. "We want to take our audience to the front lines of global warming, "says Steget. The team will be uploading videos, stories and photos to the website global-warming, com as they march along, allowing armchair adventurer's and kids in classrooms to follow their progress day to day. "We can actually bring the audience up there," Steger says.Steger's team will include some already-famous young explorers. Sam Branson, the 22- year-old son of British airline tycoon(大亨)Richard Branson, is an experienced Arctic traveler. Also on the journey will be 27-year-old Norwegian Sigrid Ekran. Last year, Ekran became only the second woman in history to win Rookie(新秀)of the Year for the Iditarod Sled Dog Race. What they will see may be surprising. Even Steger doesn't know exactly what to expect. Climate change has already reshaped the geography of the Arctic, "Within a decade or less, it's goingto be impossible to reach the North Pole by dog team, without flotation (漂流),"says Steger. Climate change is happening, but people can change too. Their willingness to change will determine the shape of Earth's future. Steger is about to organize the adventure to the Arctic in order to→ ←.A. let more people enjoy its natural beautyB. collect evidence for his scientific researchC. let people realize the bad effects of global warmingD. develop the young people's adventurous and brave spirit3.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following sets of English sounds differs only in one distinctive feature?→ ←A. [v][e][i:][e]B. [f][z][?][i]C. [i:][i][e][?]D. [p][i][e][s]4.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following sets of English sounds differs only in one distinctive feature?_A. [v][e][i:][e]B. [f][z][?][i]C. [i:][i][e][?]D. [p][i][e][s]5.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) There are two factors which determine an individual’s intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is bom with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual——the sort of environment in which he is brought up. if an individual is handicappedenvironmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individual’s intelligence can be demonstrated by the ease history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was raised by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to me asure their intelligence. Mark’s I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level. The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that→ ←A. individuals with identical brains seldom test at the same levelB. an individual’s intelligence is determined only by his environmentC. lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligenceD. changes of environment produce changes in the structure of the brain6.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Passage TwoRespect is not included in the marriage vows. No illustrated books show how to achieve it. And yet it is central to a lasting, satisfying marriage.What is this thing called respect? It is not the same as admiration. "When you fall in love, you admire the other, "says Dr. Alexandra Symonds, associate clinical professor of psychiatry at the New York University, School of Medicine.” You look up to someone-much the way a child idealizes a parent.”Such romantic admiration thrives and even depends on the illusion that he or she is "perfect for you.95 Thafs why it doesnt last. "You come to see that the person you married isnt exactly what you expected.", says Francine Klagsbrun. "There are differences of personality, of approaches to life, different ways of doing things. ”You can try to change your mate back into your fantasy. But for the marriage to last and grow its better to →agree to disagree←, to learn to let each other be. Only by taking this path can you begin to develop real respect toward each other.“I have one patient whose husband loves sports，especially tennis，”says Dr. Symonds.” She would prefer to go to the theatre, or to stay at home and read. She could simply say, ‘We have different tastes.’ Instead, she says, How can he waste his time and money that way? She puts him down."The put-down is the chief symptom and weapon of lack of respect or contempt. "Contempt is the w orst kind of emotion.” says Symonds. "You feel the other person has no worth.’ We’ve all seen marriages in which one or both partners attack the other quite savagely in the guise of Its for your own good. Any "good" is→ undone ←by the hostile tone. A wife nags her husband to be more ambitious and makes him feel like a failure because he prefers craftsman- ship or community projects to the competitive business world. Or a husband accuses his wife of wasting time whenever she gets together with a friend. "Why isnt she doing something productive?"In good marriage partners nurture each others self-esteem. They may express humorous incomprehension of one anothers preferences, but they never make the other person feel like an idiot. "Martyrs idea of a vacation is to go down to the basement on a sunny day and spend time woodworking, "says Dr. Alexandra Symonds of her husband, psychiatrist and surgeon Martin Symond.But theres fondness in the gibes and firm support for the others right to be himself. Respect is expressed in words like. ul dont want to go to the concert, but you have a great And occasionally, "Sure, III come with you. Just dont him angry if I fall asleep. " Respect, then is appreciation of the separateness of the other person, of the ways in which he or she is unique. These things take time to discover and accept.Thats the paradox of a good marriage: only by respecting each other as you are do you open the door to change. The root meaning of the word respect is "to look at". Respect is a clear yet loving eye. It sees what is really there, but it also sees what is potentially there and helps bring it to fruition. Respect is the art of love by which married couples honorwhat is unique and best in each other.The underlined phrase "→agree to disagree”←in Paragraph 4 means that____.A. one should realize that no two people are the sameB. one should be keen to find out his or her partners meritsC. one should face the reality that his or her partner is not a perfect personD. one should realize that he or she should appreciate differences on the part of his or her partner7.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following activities can be used to check students’ understanding of difficult sentences in the text? ( )A. ParaphrasingB. Blank-fillingC. Story—tellingD. Summarizing8.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) I could speak→ ←Japanese→ ←Chinese, soI had to talk with him in English.A. not only; but alsoB. both; andC. neither; norD. either; or9.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) When a teacher says “Next, please pay attention to the time of arrival and departure of the planes in the recording”，he/she intends to develop the students’ skill of______.A. predictingB. getting the general picturesC. distinguishing soundsD. getting specific information10.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Allen placed too much→ ←on sports and not enough on his studies.A. agitationB. emphasisC. hesitationD. interest11.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) We went right round to the west coast by→ ←sea instead of driving across→ ←continent.A. the; theB. /; theC. the; /D. /;/12.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) In which of the following situations is the teacher playing the role of observer?→ ←A. Giving feedback and dealing with errors.B. Organizing students to do activities by giving instructions.C. Walking around to see how each student performs in group work.D. Offering help to those who need it both in ideas and language.13.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following teacher' s instructions could serve purpose of eliciting ideas?A. Shall we move on?B. Read after me everyoneC. What can you see in this picture?D. What does the word “quickly” mean?14.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Mr. Wang gave all the textbooks to all the students,except→ ←who had already taken them.A. theseB. thatC. the onesD. the others15.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Some farmers saw→ ←in the sky.A. strange somethingB. something strangeC. strange anythingD. anything strange16.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) "Now, did the questions help you understand the text better?" What is the teacher doing by saying this in terms of instruction?→ ←A. observing the activityB. evaluating the activityC. monitoring the activityD. controlling the activity17.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) "There is a senseless notion that children grow up and leave home when theyre 18, and the truth is far from that," says sociologist Larry Bumpass of the University of Wisconsin. Today, unexpected numbers of young adults are living with their parents, "there is a major shift in the middle class," declares sociologist Allan Schnaibergof Northwestern University, whose son, 19, moved back in after an absence of eight months.Analysts cite a variety of reasons for this return to the nest. The marriage age is rising,a condition that makes home and its pleasantness particularly attractive to young people.A high divorce rate and a declining remarriage rate are sending economically pressed and emotionally hurt survivors back to parental shelters. For some, the expense of anaway-from-home college education has become so excessively great that many students now attend local schools. Even after graduation, young people find their wings clipped by skyrocketing housing costs.Living at home, says Knighton, a school teacher, continues to give her security and moral support. Her mother agreed, "Its ridiculous for the kids to pay all that money for rent.It makes sense for kids to stay at home. " But sharing the family home requires adjustmentsfor all. There are the hassles over bathrooms, telephones and privacy. Some families, however, manage the delicate balancing act. But for others, it proves too difficult. Michelle Del Turco,24, has been home three times and left three times. "What I considered a social drink,my dad considered an alcohol problem," she explains. "He never liked anyone I dated, so I either had to hide away or meet them at friends house.Just how long should adult children live with their parents before moving on? Mostpsychologists feel lengthy home comings are a mistake. Children, struggling to establish separate identities, can end up with "a sense of inadequacy, defeat and failure." And aging parents, who should be enjoying some financial and personal freedom, find themselves stuckwith responsibilities. Many agree that brief visits, however, can work beneficially.According to the author, there was once a trend in the U. S.→←.A. for young adults to leave their parents and live independentlyB. for middle class young adults to stay with their parentsC. for married young adults to move back home after a lengthy absenceD. for young adults to get jobs nearby in order to live with their parents18.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following belongs to the communicativeapproach?→ ←A. Focus on accuracyB. Focus on fluencyC. Focus on strategiesD. Focus on comprehension19.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Who is the author of The Scarlet Letter?→ ←.A. Ralph Waldo EmersonB. Henry DavidC. Washington IrvingD. Nathaniel Hawthorne20.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) If a teacher asks students to concentrate on such featuresas structure, coherence and cohesion of a test he/she aims at developing students’→ ←.A. strategic competenceB. cultural awarenessC. communicative competenceD. discourse awareness21.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Dr.Smith was always→ ←the poor and the sick,often providing them with free medical care.A. reminded ofB. absorbed inC. tended byD. concerned about22.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Would you like→ ←music?A. to listen toB. to listeningC. listeningD. listening to23.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Jimmy asked Mary to lend him some money, which she agreed to,→ ←that he paid her back the following month.A. on occasionB. in caseC. under circumstanceD. on condition24.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) It was with great joy______ he knew that his GMAT score as 670, high enough to apply to a top university of business.A. whenB. withC. whatD. that25.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) What is the teacher doing by saying this in terms of instruction? "Now, did the questions h elp you understand the text better?”→ ←A. observing the activityB. evaluating the activityC. monitoring the activityD. controlling the activity26.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Scholastic thinkers held a wide variety of doctrines in both philosophy and theology, the study of religion. What gives unity to the whole Scholastic movement, the academic practice in Europe from the 9th to the 17th centuries, are the common aims, attitudes, and methods, generally accepted by all its members. The chief concern of the Scholastics was not to discover new facts but to integrate the knowledge already acquired separately by Greek reasoning and Christian revelation. This concern is one of the most characteristic differences between Scholasticism and modem thought since the Renaissance. The basic aim of the Scholastics determined certain common attitudes, the most important of which was their conviction of the fundamental harmony between reason and revelation. The Scholastics maintained that because the same God was the source of both types of knowledge and truth was one of his chief attributes, he could not contradict himself in these two ways of speaking. Any apparent opposition between revelation and reason could be traced either to an incorrect use of reason or to an inaccurate interpretation of the words of revelation. Because the Scholastics believed that revelation was the direct teaching of God, it possessed for them a higher degree of truth and certainty than did natural reason. In apparent conflicts between religious faith and philosophic reasoning, faith was thus always the supreme arbiter; the theologian’s decision overruled that of the philosopher. After the early 13th century, Scholastic thought emphasized more the independence of philosophy within its own domain. Nonetheless, throughout the Scholastic period, philosophy was called the servant of theology, not only because the truth of philosophy was subordinated to that of theology, but also because the theologian used philosophy to understand and explain revelation.This attitude of Scholasticism stands in sharp contrast to the so-called double-truth theory of the Spanish-Arab philosopher and physician Averroes. His theory assumed that truth was accsssible to both philosophy and Islamic theology but that only philosophy could attain it perfectly. The so-called truths of theology served, hence, as imperfect imaginative expressions for the common people of the authentic truth accessible only to philosophy. Averroes maintained that philosophic truth could even contradict, at least verbally，the teachings of Islamic theology.As a result of their belief in the harmony between faith and reason, the scholastics attempted to determine the precise scope and competence of each of these faculties. Many early Scholastics，such as the Italian ecclesiastic and philosopher Stanselm, did not clearly distinguish the two and were overconfident that reason could prove certain doctrines of revelation. Later, at the height of the mature period of Scholasticism, the Italian theologian and philosopher St. Thomas Aquinas worked out a balance between reason and revelation. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 of the text that→ ←.A. the position of philosophy as a humble servant was acceptedB. religion had turned into a hamper to the functioning of philosophyC. philosophers often quoted revelation to support themselvesD. philosophers were sometimes referred to in religious practice27.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Language is a tool of communication. The symbol “Highway Closed” on a highway serves→ ←.A. an expressive functionB. an informative functionC. a performative functionD. a persuasive function28.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Just recently the trustees of Social Security and Medicare issued their annual reports on the programs futures. Heres one startling fact: By 2030 the projected costs of Social Security and Medicare could easily consume via higher taxes-a third of workers future wage and salary increases. Were mortgaging workers future pay gains for baby boomers retirement benefits.This matters because Social Security and Medicare are pay-as-you-go programs. Current taxpayers pay current benefits. Future taxpayers will pay future benefits. Baby boomers retirement benefits will come mostly from their children and grandchildren, who will be tomorrow’s workers. Consequently, baby boomers children and grandchildren face massive tax increases. Social Security and Medicare spending now equals 14 percent of wage and salary income, reports Elizabeth Bell, a research assistant to Eugene Steuerle of the Urban Institute, Washington, D. C. By 2030, using the trustees various projections, that jumps to 26 percent. Of course, payroll taxes dont cover all the costs of Social Security and Medicare. Still, these figures provide a crude indicator of the economic burden, because costs are imposed heavily on workers via some tax, government borrowing and cuts in other government programs.It can be argued that the costs are bearable. The wage gains in the trustees reports could prove too pessimistic. Like all forecasts, theyre subject to errors. Even if they come true, they assume that tomorrow’s wages will be higher than today’s. Productivity increases; wages rise. In 2030, under the trustees "intermediate" assumptions, workers before tax incomes would be about a third higher than now, says Tom Saving of Texas A&M University. Whats the complaint if workers lost through steeper taxes-some of that? Why shouldnt they generously support parents and grandparents? Well, maybe they will. But there are at least two possible flaws in this logic.The first is that, on a year-to-year basis, wage gains would be tiny-less than 1 percent. When theyve gotten that low before, people have complained that theyre "on a treadmill" and that the American dream has been withdrawn. Even these gains might be diluted by further tax increases to trim today’s already swollen budget deficits. The second and more serious threat is that higher taxes would harm the economy. They might dull economic vitality by reducing investment and the rewards for work and risk-taking. Productivity and wage gains might be smaller than predicted. Then we’d flirt with that death spiral: Wed need still higher taxes to pay benefits, but those taxes might depress economic growth more.One way or another, workers may get fed up with paying so much of their paychecks to supportretirees, many of whom were living quite comfortably. So we ought to redefine the generational compact to lighten the burden of an aging population on workers. The needed steps are clear:to acknowledge longer life expectancies by slowly raising eligibility ages for Social Security and Medicare; to limit future spending by curbing retirement benefits for thebetter-off; to keep people in the productive economy longer by encouraging jobs that mix "work” and "retirement".The main tax base for Social Security and Medicare is→←.A. retirement benefitsB. the wage and salaryC. governments budgetD. trustee fund29.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) When a teacher teaches young learners English pronunciation,he should→ ←.A. Listen as much as possibleB. input regardless of students' abilityC. tolerate small errors in continuous speechD. read more English materials30.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Total physical response as a TEFL which is more aften usedfor teaching________.A. childrenB. adultsC. ESP courseD. GE course31.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following correctly describes the word stress?→ ←A. accelerate, accelerated, acceleration, acceleratingB. AcceLerate, accelerated, acceLeration, acceleratingC. accelerate, Accelerated, acceleration, acceleratingD. accelerate, accelerated, acceleration, Accelerating32.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Being a direct relative of the deceased, her claim to the estate was_____.A. optionalB. compulsoryC. legitimateD. prominent33.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following activities does not belong topre-reading activities?→ ←A. scanningB. setting the sceneC. skimmingD. paraphrasing34.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Where is Love? How can we find Love?The past ages of man have all been carefully labeled by anthropologists. Descriptions like "Paleolithic Man", "Neolithic Man", etc., neatly sum up the whole periods. When the timecomes for anthropologists to turn their attention to the twentieth century, they will surely choose the label "Legless Man". Histories of the time will go something like this. "In the twentieth century, people forgot how to use their legs. Men and women moved about in cars, buses and trains from a very early age. There were lifts and escalators in all large buildings to prevent people from walking. This situation was forced upon earth dwellers of that time because of miles each day. But the surprising thing is that they didn't use their legs even when they went on holiday. They built cable railways, ski lifts and roads to the top of every huge mountain. All the beauty spots on earth were marred by the presence of large car parks." The future history books might also record that we were deprived of the use of our eyes. In our hurry to get from one place to another，we failed to see anything on the way. Air travel gives you a bird's eye view of the world-or even less if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way. When you travel by car or train a blurred image of the countryside constantly smears the windows. Car drivers, in particular, are forever obsessed with the urge to go on and on: they never want to stop. Is it the lure of the great motorways, or what? And as for sea travel, it hardly deserves mention. It is perfectly summed up in the words of the old song: "I joined the navy to see the world, and what did I see? I saw the sea". The typical twentieth century traveler is the man who always says, "I've been there. " You mention the remotest, most evocative place names in the world like E1 Dorado, Kabul, Irkutsk and someone is bound to say, "I've been there meaning" I drove through it at 100 miles an hour on the way to somewhere else ".When you travel at high speed, the present means nothing; you live mainly in the future because you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place. But actual arrival, when it is achieved, is meaningless. You want to move on again. By traveling like this, you suspend all experience; the present ceases to be a reality: you might just as well be dead. The traveler on foot, on the other hand, lives constantly in the present. For him traveling and arriving is one and the same thing: he arrives somewhere with every step be makes. He experiences the present moment with his eyes, his ears and the whole of his body. At the end of his journey he feels a delicious physical weariness. He knows that sound satisfying sleep will be just the reward of all true travelers. Traveling at high speed means→←.A. people's focus on the futureB. a pleasureC. satisfying drivers' great thrillD. a necessity of life35.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Passage TwoThere was a time in my life when beauty meant something special to .me. I guess that would have been when I was about six or seven years old，just several weeks or maybe a month before the orphanage (孤儿院)turned me into an old man.I would get up every morning at the orphanage, make my bed just like the little soldier that I had become and then I would get into one of the two straight lines and march to breakfast with the other twenty or thirty boys who also lived inmy dormitory.After breakfast one Saturday morning I returned to the dormitory and saw the house parent chasing the beautiful monarch butterflies who lived by the hundreds in the bushes scattered around the orphanage.I carefully watched as he caught these beautiful creatures, one after another, and then took them from the net and then stuck straight pins through their head and wings, pinning them onto a heavy cardboard sheet.How cruel it was to kill something of such beauty. I had walked many times out into the bushes, all by myself, just so the butterflies could land on my head, face and hands so I could look at them up close.When the telephone rang the house parent laid the large cardboard paper down on the back cement (水泥) step and went inside to answer the phone. I walked up to the cardboard and looked at the one butterfly who he had just pinned to the large paper. It was still moving about so I reached down and touched it on the wing causing one of the pins to fall out. It started flying around and around trying to get away but it was still pinned by the one wing with the other straight pin. Finally its wing broke off and the butterfly fell to the ground and just trembled.I picked up the tom wing and the butterfly and I spat on its wing and tried to get it to stick back on so it could fly away and be free before the house parent came back. But it would not stay on him. The author set the living butterfly free because______ .A. he liked it very muchB. he had sympathy for the beautiful butterflyC. he couldn't bear a butterfly dying in his favorite bushesD. its wing broke off36.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The machine looked like a large，old-fashioned→←typewriter.A. forcefulB. clumsyC. intenseD. tricky37.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) → ←is the home of golf.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Ireland38.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Last Friday a storm swept through two villages in the New Territories, destroying fourteen homes. Seven others were so badly damaged that their owners had to leave them, and fifteen others had broken windows or broken roofs. One person was killed, several were badly hurt and taken to hospital, and a number of other people received smaller hurt. Altogether over two hundred people were homeless after the storm.A farmer, Mr.Tan, said that the storm began early in the morning and lasted for over an hour. "I was eating with my wife and children, "he said, "When we heard a loud noise. A few minutes later our house fell down on top of US. We tried our best to climb out but then I saw that one of my children was missing. I went back inside and found him. safe but very frightened."Mr s. Woo Mei Fong said that her husband had just left for work when she felt that her house was moving. She ran outside at once with her children ."There was no time to take anything,"she said, "A few minutes later, the roof came down."Soldiers helped to take people out of the flooded area and the welfare department brought them food, clothes and shelter.Which of the following may be the best title for this passage?→←。

沙沙英语王牌单词课

沙沙英语王牌单词课的魅力与挑战In the fast-paced world of language learning, ShaSha English’s Ace Vocabulary Course stands out as a beacon of efficiency and effectiveness. This innovative program combines the best of traditional teaching methods with cutting-edge technology to deliver an unparalleled learning experience. Its popularity among students and teachersalike is a testament to its unique approach and significant impact on language proficiency.The Ace Vocabulary Course is designed to equip learners with a robust vocabulary foundation, essential for fluent and confident communication in English. The course is structured to engage students through interactive exercises, memory games, and word challenges, making the process of vocabulary acquisition both enjoyable and rewarding.One of the key features of the course is its focus on contextual learning. Instead of rote memorization, students are encouraged to understand the meaning and usage of words in real-world scenarios. This approach not only enhances memory retention but also fosters a deeper understanding of the language’s nuances and idioms.The integration of technology is another standout feature of the Ace Vocabulary Course. With the help of advanced learning platforms and mobile applications, students can access the course content anytime, anywhere. This flexibility allows for a personalized learning experience, tailored to each student’s unique needs and learning styles.However, despite its many advantages, the Ace Vocabulary Course is not without its challenges. The rigorous nature of the program requires a significant amount of dedication and discipline from students. The constant need to review and retain new vocabulary can be daunting, especially for those who are new to the language or have limited prior exposure.Moreover, the fast-paced learning environment can be overwhelming for some. The pace at which new words and concepts are introduced can be difficult to keep up with, especially if students are not used to such an intensive learning schedule.To overcome these challenges, students need to develop effective learning strategies. Regular practice andconsistent review are crucial for maintaining momentum and retaining new vocabulary. Utilizing the available resources, such as flashcards, online quizzes, and word lists, can greatly enhance the learning process.Teachers and mentors also play a pivotal role in supporting students through the Ace Vocabulary Course. They provide guidance and encouragement, helping students navigate the course content and overcome any obstacles they may encounter. By fostering a positive learning environment and promoting collaboration among students, teachers can ensure that the learning experience is both enriching and enjoyable.In conclusion, ShaSh a English’s Ace Vocabulary Course offers an exceptional platform for vocabulary acquisition and language proficiency. Its innovative approach, combined with state-of-the-art technology and personalized learning experiences, makes it a standout program in the world of language learning. While it presents certain challenges,with dedication, discipline, and the right strategies, students can overcome these to achieve their language learning goals.**沙沙英语王牌单词课的魅力与挑战**在语言学习的快节奏世界中，沙沙英语的王牌单词课程犹如一座高效和有效的灯塔。

大学口语纯英的教案

Course Title: University English Oral CommunicationCourse Duration: 1 hourTeaching Objectives:1. To enhance students' speaking skills in English.2. To help students practice and apply the basic grammatical structures and vocabulary they have learned.3. To foster a comfortable and interactive learning environment where students can freely express themselves.Materials Needed:1. Whiteboard or projector2. Handouts with speaking exercises3. Timer4. Markers and erasers5. Audio-visual aids (optional)Teaching Procedures:1. Warm-up (5 minutes)- Start the class with a simple icebreaker activity, such as asking students to introduce themselves in English.- Encourage students to speak slowly and clearly, and provide feedback on pronunciation and grammar.2. Review of Basic Grammar and Vocabulary (10 minutes)- Review the basic grammar and vocabulary topics covered in the previous lessons, such as present tense, past tense, future tense, and common phrases.- Use examples and practice sentences to reinforce the concepts.3. Speaking Activity: Role Play (15 minutes)- Divide the class into small groups of 3-4 students.- Provide each group with a scenario or situation that requires them to use English to communicate.- Examples of scenarios could include: ordering food at a restaurant, asking for directions, or solving a problem together.- Allow each group to practice their role play for a few minutes, and then ask them to present their dialogue to the class.- Encourage classmates to offer positive feedback and suggestions for improvement.4. Group Discussion (10 minutes)- Introduce a topic related to the students' lives or interests, such as "How to balance academic and social life" or "The importance of technology in education."- Ask students to discuss the topic in their groups for a few minutes.- Select one or two groups to share their thoughts with the class, and facilitate a brief discussion.5. Speaking Activity: Presentation Skills (10 minutes)- Introduce the concept of public speaking and the importance of effective communication.- Provide students with a short list of tips for delivering a presentation, such as using clear language, maintaining eye contact, and using gestures.- Have students practice delivering a brief presentation on a topic of their choice, such as their favorite hobby or a recent event they attended.- Offer constructive feedback on their delivery and encourage them to improve their speaking skills.6. Wrap-up and Homework Assignment (5 minutes)- Summarize the key points discussed during the class.- Assign a speaking homework assignment, such as preparing a short presentation on a chosen topic or recording a video of themselves speaking on a given topic.- Remind students to practice their speaking skills regularly and to bring their homework to the next class.Assessment:- Evaluate students' participation and speaking skills throughout the class.- Assess the quality of their group work, role play, and presentations.- Provide feedback on their pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary usage.Note: Adjust the time allocation for each activity as needed to ensure that the class runs smoothly and that all students have an opportunity to participate.。

文化的重叠与扩散 overlap and diffusion

Cultural Overlap
(文化重叠)
Cultural similarities
In the natural environment and psychology of human beings
Cultural similarities
There are circumstances in which the superior ,but not the inferior , may refer to himself by means of the same kinship-term or title with which he is addressed as in .
8
ultural Overlap And Diffusion
Cultural Overlap And Diffusion
Cultural Overlap And Diffusio
A NEW CONCISE COURSE ON LINGUISTICS FOR STUDENTS OF ENGLISH
Chapter 9 Language and Culture
Cultural Overlap And Diffusion
Cultural Overlap And Diffusio
A NEW CONCISE COURSE ON LINGUISTICS FOR STUDENTS OF ENGLISH
Chapter 9 Language and Culture
Mechanisms for cultural diffusion Direct diffusion very close to each other, resulting in intermarriage, trade, and even warfare. 例：曲棍球运动在美国与加拿大两国边境很流行，相比之下，在美国很受火爆的棒球在加拿大就不那么受欢迎了。 Forced diffusion occurs when one culture subjugates (conquers or enslaves) another culture and forces its own customs on the conquered people 例：美洲印第安人皈依基督教。 Indirect diffusion from one culture through a middleman to another culture, without the first and final cultures ever being in direct contact. 例：在加拿大也有墨西哥菜肴。