公示语翻译综述 论文分析
汉语公示语论文：从美学的角度透视汉语公示语的英译
汉语公示语论文：从美学的角度透视汉语公示语的英译【中文摘要】汉语公示语是一个向世界展示中国文化和素质的窗口,其翻译质量的好坏直接影响着国家的形象,也体现着我们的学术水平。
而在各个城市的公共场合里我们可以看到很多质量不高的此类公示语标牌,有些甚至会让国外友人产生误解,从而造成很多不便。
国内研究公示语翻译的文章不少,但鲜有从翻译美学的角度来进行分析和论述的,这与传统的美学观念不无关系。
传统的翻译美学观所关注的是文学作品,特别是诗歌,认为文学作品因内容,意境上的美及对遣词造句上的要求使得它极具美感,因此把其列为翻译美学关注的对象,而对于应用文体的翻译却少有从翻译美学角度去论述的,认为应用文体由于内容和语言上均缺乏艺术性,而不能给人以美感上的愉悦,故只具备功能价值——提供信息。
一般认为公示语属于应用文体,因此,公示语的翻译似乎只需要忠实通顺就可以,不需要去考虑美感的问题。
事实上,公示语除了传达信息的功能价值之外,还具有自身的美学特征,公示语同样讲究形美,音美和人文之美。
令人遗憾的是许多公示语译成英文后却丧失了汉语的语言之美,大多数译文只是‘达意’却无法‘传情’。
翻译上的失误往往无法有效地展现中国文化和语言的独特魅力。
尤其在今天随着我国参与国际文化交流的日渐深入,该翻译问题理应值得关注。
本文从美学角度入手,用审美理论来探讨公示语的翻译。
作者通过采集到的大量例证首先说明目前公示语翻译实践中存在普遍的美学缺陷,其次,根据翻译美学原理提出了汉语公示语翻译应遵守的三个原则：忠实美原则、等效美原则、创造美原则。
该翻译原则完全符合本文作者所认为的公示语的三个美学特征,即形式美、音韵美和内容美。
该研究成果将为汉语公示语的翻译研究提供一个新的视角,因此具有一定的现实意义。
【英文摘要】Chinese-English bilingual public signs serve as a window for the exhibition of Chinese unique culture and the beauty of the Chinese language as well. The quality of their English translation not only reflects our academic standards but even affects the image of our country to some degree. However, quite a lot of poor English versions of Chinese public signs are found in public places of many cities. They either confuse or mislead foreign visitors, causing unnecessary troubles and inconveniences. Although there have appeared some research articles about the translation of public signs in domestic publications, few of them have looked into this language phenomenon from the perspective of translation aesthetics due to the limitation of the traditional aesthetic values.Traditional aesthetic theories only center on literary works, especially poetry, holding that literary works possess ultimate beauty due to its beautiful content, wonderful artistic conception as well as its high requirements on wording and phrasing. On the contrary, practical writings areconsidered to possess no beauty due to the lack of artistic values in content and language, so they only have functional value---providing information but can not bring people any beautiful sentiments. It is for this reason that the translation of practical writings is rarely discussed from the angle of translation aesthetics.As public signs belong to practical writing, when it is translated, the simple requirements of being readable and faithful to the original seem to be enough, and the aesthetic problems should not be taken into account. In fact, the author of the thesis believes that besides the function of providing information, public signs also possess their unique aesthetic characteristics as they stress beautiful form and beautiful sound while encourage humanistic beauty.Regretfully, many of the English translations of Chinese public signs lose the beauty of language. They only convey the basic meaning of Chinese words but fail to deliver the aesthetic feeling, thus the Chinese culture and the unique beauty of Chinese language embodied in public signs can not be effectively delivered. Today, with China’s further opening up and increasing international cultural exchanges, the aesthetic problem of public signs should be highly concerned in the process of translation.Thisthesis takes an aesthetic approach to discuss the English translation of Chinese public signs. The author of the thesis first points out the aesthetic absence in the translation of public signs by giving vivid examples, then proposes three principles for the translation of pubic signs based on translation aesthetic theory, namely, the principle of faithfulness with an aesthetic approach, the principle of functional equivalence with an aesthetic approach and the principle of creativeness with an aesthetic approach. These principles are in accordance with the three aesthetic features of public signs, i.e., the beauty in form, the beauty in sound and the beauty in sense.The research result will provide the study of public signs translation with a new angle, thus it is of practical value to some extent.【关键词】汉语公示语美学英文翻译【英文关键词】Chinese public signs aesthetic perspective English translation【目录】从美学的角度透视汉语公示语的英译摘要4-5Abstract5-6Introduction9-13 1 Significance of the Research9-10 2 Motivation and Objective of the Research10-11 3 Originality of the Research11 4 Layout of the Thesis11-13ChapterOne Overview of the Studies in the RelatedFields13-20 1.1 Translation Aesthetics Research at Home and Abroad13-18 1.1.1 Aesthetic Source of Translation Theories13-16 1.1.2 Establishment of Translation Aesthetics16-18 1.2 Previous Research on Translation of Public Signs in China18-20Chapter Two A Brief Introduction to Public Signs and Their AestheticFeatures20-35 2.1 Definition of PubicSigns20-22 2.1.1 Definition of Public Signs in Chinese20-21 2.1.2 Definition of Public Signs in English21-22 2.2 Classifications of Public Signs and Their Pragmatic Functions22-27 2.2.1 Public Signs with Directing Function22-23 2.2.2 Public Signs with Prompting Function23-24 2.2.3 Public Signs with Restricting Function24-25 2.2.4 Public Signs with Compelling Function25-26 2.2.5 Public Signs with Advocating Function26-27 2.3 Aesthetic Features of Public Signs27-32 2.3.1 The Beauty inForm28-29 2.3.2 The Beauty in Sound29-31 2.3.3 The Beauty in Sense31-32 2.4 The Problem Existing in the English Translation of Chinese PublicSigns32-35Chapter Three Translation Aesthetics asTheoretical Basis for Translation of PublicSigns35-43 3.1 Core of TranslationAesthetics35-36 3.2 Object of TranslationAesthetics36-37 3.2.1 Definition of Translation Aesthetics Object36 3.2.2 AestheticConstituents36-37 3.3 Subject of Translation Aesthetics37-39 3.3.1 Definition of Translation Aesthetics Subject37-38 3.3.2 Requirements for Translators38-39 3.4 Translation Aesthetics Representation39-42 3.4.1 The Process of Translation Aesthetics Representation39 3.4.2 Principles and Methods of Aesthetics Representation39-42 3.5 Possibility of Translation Aesthetics for Translation of Public Signs42-43Chapter Four ResearchDesign43-56 4.1 Research Question43 4.2 Data Collection43-45 4.3 Research Method---CaseStudy45-48 4.3.1 Sample One46-47 4.3.2 Sample Two47 4.3.3 Sample Three47-48 4.4 Results Analysis48-49 4.5 Application of Translation Aesthetics to Public Signs Translation49-56 4.5.1 Principle of Faithfulness with an Aesthetic Approach50-51 4.5.2 Principle of Functional Equivalence with an AestheticApproach51-53 4.5.3 Principle of Creativeness with an Aesthetic Approach53-56Conclusion56-58 1 Summary of the Present Study56 2 Major Findings of the Research56-57 3 Limitations and Suggestions for Future Research57-58References58-61Acknowledgements 61。
公示语翻译研究综述
公示语翻译研究综述作者：王明月来源：《电影评介》2014年第05期公示语翻译是翻译研究中较为新颖的研究领域，作为一种特殊的应用文体，自从进入21世纪以来，公示语的研究在国内外得到了广泛的关注。
一、公示语的定义公示语（Public Sign），从字面意义来看，可以阐释为公共场合展示的语言标示。
在翻译研究领域，研究者对于公示语定义如下：用于公共场所以达到某种特定交际目的的一种特殊应用文体。
它的定义涵盖了之前被称之为标语，警告语，标示语，告示语等广泛应用于广告、商业、运输、交通、政治各个领域中的词汇含义。
如今，公示语一词已经取代这些词汇，作为它们的集合体，成为通用的被大家公认的流行词。
二、公示语翻译研究综述公示语翻译在国外的相关研究已经有一定的规模，其中包括历史和历时研究，公示语翻译研究在国外有着比较长的发展历史，现在已经较为成熟和规范。
“在我国公示语汉英翻译研究起步较晚，实际上长期以来并未引起人们的密切关注。
自20世纪80年代末以来，许多语言学、翻译学学者对公示语翻译进行了多方面的研究与探讨，掀起了持续高涨的热潮，取得了令人鼓舞的成果，但从整体上看还存在着一些亟待改进的方面。
我国公示语汉英翻译研究正式起步于1989年，随后迅速发展，参与面逐步扩大，进入21世纪后业已成为中国专家、学者和整个社会广泛关注的热点，开始凸显自身独有的研究特点。
”[1]（一）公示语翻译研究方向综述从现有文献来看，我国对公示语汉英翻译的研究主要集中于以下五个方向：1.特定地区公示语翻译调查分析如《公示语翻译问题实例举隅》（万正方，2005）、《北海公园公示语及景点提示语翻译十问题浅谈》（金龙，2005）、《王教授公示语翻译研究系列》（王银权，2006、2007）、《中国最佳旅游城市成都不容忽视的软件建设—浅析目前成都市公示语汉英翻译存在之问题》（郭力嘉，2008）、《公示语翻译的再思考》（邵有学，2009）等。
2.公示语翻译错误归类，原因分析和改进建议如《公示语翻译中的语用失误探析》（赵小沛，2003）、《公示语英译错误分析及对策》（韩洁，2007）、《“和谐”号之不和谐：动车组公示语翻译失误分析》（王银泉，2009）等。
对公示语翻译现状的分析及思考论文
对公示语翻译现状的分析及思考论文英文public signs，汉语中既可叫公示语，也可译为标记语、标示语、揭示语、警示语等等。
它是一种常见于公共场所的特殊文体，或用寥寥文字，或用简明易解的图示，抑或文字与图示兼用，表示对受众的某个要求或引起人们的某种注意。
它公开和面对公众，告示、指示、提示、显示、警示、标示与其生活、生产、生命、生态、生业休戚相关的文字及图形信息。
公示语的应用范围非常广泛，应用于日常生活的方方面面，也直接影响到人们生活的方方面面。
一、对当前公示语翻译现状的分析基于调研，我们发现市人民公园里公示语的英文标识非常混乱，错误或不规范的外文翻译随处可见，在当前对外开放的大好形势下，这种状况与人们常说的“大外宣”的.观念格格不入。
归纳起来，大体上存在着以下六种问题：1.望文生义，不符合英语习惯的翻译。
也可以说是胡译或乱译。
例如：“叠水”译为Layer after layer water（参考译文：Water Pyramid）；“人民公园医疗救护点”译为People Garden Doctor Saving Place（参考译文：Clinic）等。
2.不符合国际上通用惯例的翻译。
主要表现为单词拼写、大小写错误。
例如，“消夏园”译为Summer park（参考译文：Summer Garden）；“水族园”译为Aquatic animal spark（参考译文：Aquatic Animals’Garden）等。
3.不了解中外文化差异而生硬“移植”的翻译。
主要表现在街道名称等专有名词的翻译上。
例如，“和平路”译为Peacefulroad（参考译文：HepingLu）；“劳动路”译为Laborroad（参考译文：LaodongLu）等。
4.意思走了样的翻译。
主要表现为词汇选择错误。
例如：“公厕”译为Hygiene（参考译文：PublicLavatory/Toilet）；“儿童乐园”译为Children’s play ground（参考译文：Children’s Funfair）等。
从公示语翻译论文中看公示语汉英翻译
从公示语翻译论文中看公示语汉英翻译作者：申燕红来源：《文存阅刊》2017年第15期摘要：随着国际化的不断深入，公示语的双语化甚至多语种化已经成为潮流。
随之而来的，以公示语译本为研究主体的论文越来越多，成为中国翻译界研究的重要内容，呈现出繁荣景象。
然而，其成绩与问题并存。
本文将随机抽取该类论文（从中国知网上搜集到的自2003到2012年以来的9篇论文）作为样本进行研究。
通过对每篇的研究与分析，对其关注点、问题、方法和理论的讨论，对公示语翻译研究现状得出结论：作为译者，首先要认真探讨公示语的语言特点、功能意义，更要分析汉英公示语翻译的原则，策略，理论等，使公示语翻译更加高质量；而产业负责人应该更加具有责任心，认真对待公示语翻译；研究者应加强与产业合作，使公示语翻译研究更加系统，公示语翻译更加健康发展。
关键词：公示语翻译；公示语翻译论文；现状；问题；策略；前景；合作1.引言公示语是“一种在公共场所向公众传递信息的特殊语言，包括一些公共标语，交通标识，标语，通告，警示，等。
公示语是一个地方语言及人文环境的重要部分，同时也是国际大都市的重要标志。
2003 年诺贝尔经济学奖获得者Granger 教授曾经说过：奥运会将给中国的旅游业带来非常直接的影响。
同时，他也给我们提出了一条建议：北京的公示语应该双语化。
他认为这对奥运游客来说至关重要。
无可否认，规范的英语公示语不仅可以方便国际友人在华的生活、工作、学习和旅游，还可以体现当地较高的教育水平和公民文化素质，从而提升我国的国际形象。
但是，长期以来，我国公示语的翻译既没有文学翻译的“宠儿”地位，也不像科技、法规等应用文本的翻译那样走红。
这就造成国内的英文公示语翻译非常混乱，以至于Granger 教授说“外国人来中国会有一些紧张感，比如公共标识看不懂”。
尽管各方面在公示语翻译中做了大量的努力，但是公示语翻译的泛滥依然存在，给文化和经济带来了诸多问题。
因此，有关公示语翻译研究的论文大量出现。
目的论视角下丽江景区公示语汉英翻译研究
目的论视角下丽江景区公示语汉英翻译研究一、本文概述随着全球化进程的加速，旅游业的蓬勃发展使得跨文化交流变得日益频繁。
作为旅游目的地，丽江以其独特的自然风光和深厚的民族文化吸引了大量的国内外游客。
在这样的背景下，公示语作为旅游景区与游客之间沟通的重要桥梁，其翻译质量直接影响到游客的旅游体验和目的地的形象塑造。
因此，本文旨在从目的论视角出发，对丽江景区公示语的汉英翻译进行深入研究，以期为提升丽江旅游的国际形象和促进跨文化交流提供理论支持和实践指导。
具体而言，本文将首先梳理公示语翻译的相关理论和研究现状，为后续研究奠定理论基础。
接着，通过对丽江景区公示语汉英翻译实例的收集与分析，发现其中存在的问题和不足。
在此基础上，结合目的论翻译理论，提出针对性的翻译策略和方法，以提高公示语翻译的准确性和有效性。
本文还将对提出的翻译策略进行实证研究，以验证其在实际应用中的可行性和效果。
通过本文的研究，希望能够为丽江景区公示语的汉英翻译提供有益的参考和借鉴，推动丽江旅游业的国际化发展，同时也为其他旅游景区的公示语翻译工作提供启示和借鉴。
二、文献综述在全球化背景下，跨文化交流日益频繁，公示语作为公共信息的重要载体，其翻译质量直接影响了跨文化交流的效果。
丽江景区作为中国的文化名片之一，其公示语的翻译质量更是受到了广泛关注。
本文将从目的论视角出发，对丽江景区公示语的汉英翻译进行研究，以期为提高公示语翻译质量提供参考。
目前，国内外学者对公示语翻译进行了大量研究，其中不乏对丽江景区公示语翻译的讨论。
这些研究主要从翻译理论、翻译方法、翻译质量评价等方面展开。
在翻译理论方面，国内外学者普遍认为公示语翻译应遵循“准确性、简洁性、易懂性”等原则，以确保翻译结果能够准确传达原文信息，符合目标语读者的阅读习惯和审美需求。
在翻译方法上，学者们提出了多种方法，如直译、意译、音译等，以适应不同公示语的特点和翻译需求。
在翻译质量评价方面，学者们普遍认为应从译文准确性、可读性、文化传递等方面进行评价，以确保翻译结果的质量。
浅析公示语的汉英翻译
- 239 -校园英语 / 翻译研究浅析公示语的汉英翻译同济大学外国语学院/周树霞【摘要】公示语，顾名思义，也就是在公共场合出现的文化语言。
公示语被广泛用于各行各业，成为日常生活中必不可缺的一部分。
本文介绍公示语的应用功能以及英译方法，旨在传递文化信息，丰富民族文化内涵，提升我国在世界范围内的形象。
【关键词】公示语 翻译 文化一、引言随着经济全球化进程的加速，我国国际化进程的加快，国际文化交流愈发频繁。
公共场合的公示语，翻译得体与否极大影响着地方形象，体现一个城市的整体文化素养，也成为中国走向国家世界的无形名片。
翻译得体的公示语会为来自五湖四海的朋友，提供帮助。
他们亦或是到中国学习、或是旅游、度假都会体会到衣、食、住、行、美食、娱乐等方方面面的悉心照顾，从而更好地促进文化传播。
二、公示语的功能公示语在我们的日常生活中应用广泛，种类繁多，几乎无处不在，如广告牌、路标、停车场、娱乐设施、服务场所等。
那么这些公示语的功能一样吗？进行汉英公示语翻译首先应当了解公示语在实际应用中所具有的指示性、提示性、限制性、强制性四种突出的应用功能。
公示语的功能又可分为显示性、警示性、营销性、激励性和颂扬性五种。
兹下各举其中例子陴便说明：1.显示性功能：显示性公示语提供周到的信息服务，指示或提示服务内容。
例如：租车服务(Car Rental)，油漆未干(Wet Paint)。
2.警示性功能：警示性对相关公众的行为提出限制或强制要求，常用命令、禁止、提醒或劝阻的语气叙述。
例如：站队等候(Stand in Line)，残疾人专用(Handicapped Only)。
3.营销性功能：营销性公示语促进消费，实现企业经济效益。
例如：今日特价(Daily Special)。
4.激励性功能：激励性公示语为了特定的目标和任务，号召或鼓励公众为此付出行动。
例如：只生一个好(One family, one child)。
5.颂扬性功能：颂扬性公示语为实现宣传、教育的目的，而对特定的事件或人物给予祝愿和歌颂。
公示语英译错误分析及翻译策略【lunwen+开题+综述】
BI YE LUN WEN（20_ _届）英语公示语英译错误分析及翻译策略Mistranslation Analysis of Chinese Public Signs and English TranslationStrategies摘要公示语是一种给特定人群观看、有宣传性和服务性的广告文体。
随着中国国际化的脚步不断加快，大批外国人到中国旅游、投资、考察、求学等。
公示语英译也在其中起到了桥梁和纽带作用。
为了使国外友人准确地理解公示语表达的意思，减少存在于宾馆饭店、旅游景点等公共场所错误的、不规范的英文公示语,研究公示语具有很大的现实意义。
本文从跨文化意识的角度和语言层面探讨和分析了汉语公示语英译中存在的问题及其产生的原因，并提出了翻译原则和策略，旨在提高公示语汉英翻译质量。
关键词：公示语；错误分析；翻译策略AbstractPublic Signs, which are for a specific group of people, are propagandistic and service advertising style. With the development of Chinese economic,China’s position in the world is increasing gradually. As a large number of foreigners come to China for traveling, investing, investigating, studying, etc, English public signs play an more and more important role in communicatin. In order to make foreign friends understand more accurately what the public signs mean，decrease the wrong and non-standard English public signs in the public places of hotels, restaurants, tourist attractions, museums and so on, it is significant to make a research on public sign translation from English into Chinese. This paper focuses on the aspects of cross-cultural awareness and languages to analyse the existing problems and causes in Chinese-English translation of public signs. The paper also puts forward some translation principles and strategies to improve the quality of public sings translation. Key Words: public signs; mistranslation analysis; translation strategiesContentsAbstract (3)1. Introduction (1)1.1 Different Definitions (1)1.2 Practical Functions (1)1.3 Current Studies (2)2. Exist Problems in Translating Chinese Public Sings into English (2)2.1 Absence of Cultural Consciousness (3)2.1.1 Popular Chinglish (3)2.2.2 Unnecessary Translation (4)2.1.3 Ignorance of Cultural Differences (4)2.2 Language Mistakes (5)2.2.1 Inappropriate Expression (5)2.2.2 Wrong Grammar (6)2.2.3 Improper Spelling (6)3. Translation Principles (7)3.1 Focusing on Cross-Cultural Awareness (7)3.1.1 Focusing on Cultural Differences (7)3.1.2 Focusing on Reader's Thinking Model (8)3.2 Being Concise and Precise (8)3.2.1 Conciseness (8)3.2.2 Precision (9)4. Translation Approaches (9)4.1 Adapting (9)4.2 Borrowing (10)4.3 Creating (10)5. Conclusion (11)Bibliography (12)Acknowledgement (13)一、Introduction"Public sign" is the language of instruction in public places and widely used in all aspects of our lives. "With the promotion of China's international influence and economic strength, and the increase in technical writing, cultural exchange, the rise of sports activities, the phenomenon of bilingual public signs has become a beautiful language of style in China." (Yang Yongling, Liu Chunxia, 2008:47)From Beijing Olympic Games to the 2010 Shanghai World Expo and Guangzhou Asian Games held in 2010, more and more foreign tourists and investors come to China. Public signs are just like a country's business card and a city's face. But in the process of translation, more and more errors appear in public sign. The translation of public signs has great significance, which should be paid enough attention to. But English translation of public signs has many errors, it will not only directly affect the traveling and living of overseas friends, but in the long run, it will affect China's future political, economic, social and cultural development.1.1 Different DefinitionsIn Oxford English Dictionary, a sign refers to a characteristic device attached to or placed in the front of an inn or shop, as a means of distinguishing it from others or directing attention to it. According to the Webster's Third New International Dictionary, it is defined as a lettered board or other public display placed on or before a building, room, shop or office to advertise business there transacted or the name of person or firm conducting it. "Sign is a broad term, widely used in public facilities, ranging from travelling, catering, accommodation, recreation, shopping to medical service, educational institution and financial service. It includes words of caution, public notices, bills, posters, slogans, outdoor advertisements, traffic notices and so on." (Bei zhu, Ge Aiming2002, 26) Specifically speaking, it covers street signs, road signs, road markers, parking signs, school signs, construction signs, non-smoking signs, signs at scenic spots, slogans etc.1.2 Practical FunctionsPractical functions of the public signs include the following : indicating, promoting, restricting and compelling. Indicating, as its meaning suggests, is to indicate or guide readers. Signs as such are also calledinstructive/directive/guiding notices which give readers detailed information with no prohibition or restriction. Indicating is the most basic function performed of public sign. Indicating signs generally give readers relevant information about what it is and what services it provides. Prompting has no striking difference from indicating except that the former carries the tone of warning. It aims at reminding readers of paying considerable attention to signs. Restricting unlike the two functions mentioned above, signs that perform restricting function put restrictions and constraints to readers, who are expected to abide by certain rules in the interest of public. Restricting signs are to keep or confine within limits. Compelling , put it simple, compelling signs have great power and potency to induce action or brief. With its tough tone, negative words and comparatively uniform sentence structures, there is slight possibility of any alternatives.1.3 Current StudiesIn the West, the first study of public signs was beginning from Vinay & Darbelnet. They began to study public signs in 1959，form the book Comparative Stylistics of French and English. However, in China, although public signs have long been used for directing, warning, explaining in public places, the study of the Chinese-English translation started rather late, lacking systematization and standardization. Until the 1980s, some Chinese scholars began to study English translation of public signs; the" public signs" have been used in China. At the present century, translation of public signs gradually become the focus of attention of the translation area. With the 2002 Beijing International Studies University on the "English Translation of Public Signs" project received project funding and the establishment of publicity Translation Research Center, "public language" of the name was formally used. Strictly speaking, the attention we pay to the English translation of public signs is not enough, and research is not enough, which has resulted many problems in our country now. At present, there is little research on public signs. Therefore, to enhance the translation of public signs and take practical and effective measures to improve the quality of translation are very important and urgent.二、Exist Problems in Translating Chinese Public Sings into EnglishAlthough public signs have been used widely in our daily life, the nonstandard or inappropriate translation of public signs can be seen almost everywhere, in the street, in the hotel, in the restaurant or even in some museums.2.1 Absence of Cultural ConsciousnessNida once pointed that "To be bilingual, one has tube bicultural."（Nida,1969:52）There is a close relationship between cross-cultural awareness and the translation of public signs.If the translator lacks of adequate cross-cultural consciousness, the translation of public signs may not be recognized by the target audience. Over the year many distinguished scholars have observed this awareness and given some different definitions to cross-cultural awareness. Absence of cultural consciousness in translating Chinese public sings into English occurs more frequently. Next is to discuss it in detail.2.1.1 Popular ChinglishChinglish refers to a variety of spoken or written English that is influenced by Chinese . The term "Chinglish" is commonly applied to ungrammatical or nonsensical English in Chinese contexts, and may have pejorative or deprecating connotations. Li Wenzhong gives the definition of Chinglish. He pointed that , "Chinglish (literally 'Chinese-style English') refers to non-standard English, or malformed English which does not adhere to English cultural habits that appear in the course of English communication as a result of Chinese students/users of English suffering from the interference of their mother tongue, or arbitrary application of the rules and speaking habits of Mandarin."(Li Wenzhong, 1993, 32)The translation of public signs in China often has the same mistakes, which result in English readers suffering from the interference of their mother tongue, or arbitrary application of the rules and speaking habits of Mandarin. The examples of Chinglish are found on numerous translations of public signs.二、“关爱生命，请勿嬉水”is sign for tourists in Sichuan, has been translated into "Life is serious, do not fun."The true meaning of the sign is that it's dangerous to play water. However, the meaning of the translation is that life is serious, please do not joke. Therefore, it's complete departure from the original warning, and confuses foreign readers.2.2.2 Unnecessary TranslationInterlingua translation is possible because the similarities between languages are much more than the differences. The improper translation caused by cultural differences exists in many signs and the "unique" Chinese trademark. The reasons of mainly improper translation are not concerned about the target language culture in the extended sense, and regardless of different cultural backgrounds and feelings of foreign visitors. Some common public signs in the China can not find any trace in the English-speaking countries. Some public signs are completely against their local needs and behaviors. Translating between any two languages builds the theoretical basis of translation. This, however, does not mean that no differences exist between languages. Therefore, the translators should not firstly think about how to translate these signs exactly, but take"Is it necessary to translate them" into account.(2)“五讲四美二热爱”The sign has ever been translated into "Five Stresses, Four Beauties, Three Loves". This expression with a strong representation of Chinese culture, should be taken based on free translation; otherwise, it will not be accepted by the target culture, and will not achieve its purposes. Foreigners can barely accept this English translation. About such a situation, translators should know weather the translation is necessary or not.2.1.3 Ignorance of Cultural DifferencesLanguage is the integral part and the carrier of culture. Different languages have ethnic and cultural differences, which cause difficulties of translation. In order to achieve the best exchange effects, we should respect different cultural practices and cultural traditions. There are some differences between China and other countries in the use of public signs.Firstly, Chinese signs are more direct and straight forward；while，English signs often display the allowable aspect instead of aiming at the prohibited audience. Secondly, English signs generally use passive voice; Chinese signs, however, are more of active voice. Hence, translators should take into account the target reader’s acceptability and identification. If transistors ignorance of cultural differences will lead to many problems in translation.On the one hand, translation mistakes on the cultural level may make foreigners feel offended in terms of customs, beliefs, and faiths. On the other hand, there are lots of signs just belonging to Chinese culture but are translated word-for-word without taking account of the culturaldifferences which may cause misunderstanding. There are also public signs that exist in both cultures. However, the English versions are not so sound as well as Chinese ones which impress people firmly and vividly. They are not wrongly interpreted if they are translated in accordance with English customs or cultures. These translations can only express the superficial meaning without transmitting the spirit or the beauty of the sign to foreigners. Therefore, it is very important to understand the difference of the China culture and English-speaking countires culture. But there are a large number of modesl of this kind which can be found in our daily life.(3) “请给老幼妇残让座”has been translated into"Please give a seat to the old, weak, sick,disabled and pregnant women." In China, the sentence can be received; however, in English-speaking countries, old people are often reluctant to be called old, especially others use the "old" to describe them. They prefer to adapt a euphemistic way to express. It is better to be translated as "Please offer priority seats to those in need," which is more acceptable by foreigners.2.2 Language MistakesNow there are lots of public signs translation which is not correct or not accurate. These non-standard language translation errors can mainly be summarized in the following categories:2.2.1 Inappropriate ExpressionThe purpose of translation is to make readers get the correct information. Public translation largely needs concisenes to let the readers know the real meaning hidden in the text. Translators should transform language according to the characteristics of different languages rather than impose the structural features of a language on another. But there are lots of inappropriate expression in public sings translation. Rigid translation and hard translating are two common mistakes of public language translation.Both of them are direct translation according to the original words, contents, structures or sequences, which make others misunderstand the true meaning of public signs. The result may cause articles lose their original meaning, not only readers can not understand the message, but also cause readers’ misunderstanding of foreign culture. The reasons of rigid translation or hard translation aremost likely to ignore the true meanings of original signs, and lack of understanding in translation.(4) “小心碰头”has been translated as "Take care of your head". This is a typical mistake because of inappropriate expression. The true meaning of the sentence is hopes that readers be careful not to bump their head, but this translation is misunderstood by foreign friends. The best to translate it is "Watch Your Head" or "Mind Your Head".2.2.2 Wrong GrammarThere are very big difference between Chinese and English. But the translators often ignore the Sino-British differences between the syntactic; therefore they often make some basic mistakes when translating of public signs.(Wangying Lvhefa, 2007:14-15）This kind of translation shows the poor quality of C-E translation of public signs. Theoretically, wrong grammar can be avoided easily if the translator has the responsibility for his own interpretation. However, such mistakes can be seen everywhere. The wrong grammar signposts not only deface the city but also leave a poor impression to those foreigners about our Chinese culture.(5)“禁止攀爬”has been translated into " Please Do not Climbing". The use "Climbing" is not right here, it should be changed into" Plea se Don’t Climb" or "N o Climbing".2.2.3 Improper SpellingSpelling errors of translating public signs are the most common and most easily overlooked mistakes. But in fact, this kind of mistakes almost exists everywhere. About spelling errors, the following two types of errors should be paid more attention to: with distinction of the capital letters and wrong spellings. These errors reflect that translators are not careful in the process of translation, or lack of the basic capabilities to translate. Vocabulary or spelling mistakes are mostly because translators have not use a right attitude toward their work.(6)“宾馆预订服务”, which has been translated as "Hotel reservation servce" .The "servce” is significantly less letters "i".三、Translation PrinciplesAs public signs play a significant part in public and tourists, any ambiguity, misunderstanding, abuse of public signs will result in negative consequences. The public sign plays a very important role in the process of city internationalization. We should study the functional meaning and language style of public signs in English carefully."Therefore, to improve and enhance the quality of translation of public signs is imperative and important task." (Huang Youyi, Huang Changqi, 2005:8-9)Here are some translation skills.3.1 Focusing on Cross-Cultural AwarenessThe translation of public signs is to convert the source language into target language. In this process, it is necessary to remain the information in the source language, but also take cultural differences into account, so that the target readers can correctly understand the information.3.1.1 Focusing on Cultural DifferencesLanguage is the carrier of culture. Every nation has its profound cultural heritage. In different societies, the cultural background, national habits, thinking modes are different as well as the expression of their language. Different languages have ethnic and cultural differences, which cause difficulties in translation. In order to achieve the best exchange effects, translators should respect different cultural practices and cultural traditions. There are some differences between China and English-speaking countries in public signs, so we can’t use some words that can only be understood by ourselves.(7) “红旗手”once was translated into “a red flagger”. Our translation is to allow foreigners to read and understand our culture, ideology, but not a foreigner will know the real meaning of "a red flagger". In fact, it contains implied meaning "an advanced worker''. Thus we can just translate “红旗手”into "a model worker" or "an advanced worker". As for something that is uncertain even in the source text, translators can just leave it out.3.1.2 Focusing on Reader's Thinking ModelsThe translation of public signs is written for foreigners, so we should consider the target readers' thinking models and feeling. Public signs are a kind of application style with rich forms, which are being used in a wide range. But not all of the public signs can be translated into foreign language directly. Sometimes, in order to respect the feeling and expectations of readers, we may consider neglecting or replacing the impolite expression toward a reader.(8)“请勿践踏草坪”should not be rigidly translated into "do not tread on the meadow ", for the reason that target readers are more accustomed to expressions "please keep off the grass". These examples account for the necessity of considering the values and andthinking modes, which is not an isolated phenomenon but an integral part of culture. Hence, translators should adopt the “reader-centre” principle to enable the foreigners to fully understand the meaning of the signs.3.2 Being concise and precisePublic language translation should make foreign friends understand, and it should follow principles of conciseness and precision. Semantic translation and communicative translation can be realized in a precise and concise way. (Newmark, Peter, 1988:47).3.2.1 ConciseThe translator should know the language style of both Chinese and English pubic signs well. "There are five important features about English public signs: firstly, most of the public signs are written in capitals without full stop; secondly, the public signs are always short even with only one word; thirdly, the public signs are written in simple writing style, such as using lots of nouns, verbal nouns or phrases; fourthly, imperative sentences are used sometimes; fifthly, formal writing style is used sometimes". (Hu Wenzhong, 1987:78). As for Chinese public signs, the main feature is to use simple words to show simple meaning, that is to say, to be brief and concise. If a public sign is too long, it would be difficult for people to catch the main meaning of the contents.（9）“随地吐痰乞人恨罚款一千有可能传播肺病因此起卫生法例要遵行” .Obviously, this sign is written in a ragged verse in order to warn citizens not to spit everywhere. If it is translated into English word-for-word, the original meaning may have no effects on foreigners, who may take it as a joke. The proper translation can be "No spitting. Maximum penalty $1000".3.2.2 PreciseIt is very important to make readers understand the true meaning of the translation. Some experts considered the translation as a process of re-creation. If you don't make research deeply between the source language and target language, it is hard to master them. We establish precise as a basic principle for the public language. Chinese-English translation is based on the consideration of public language’s characteristic. If the translation is too obscure, it would not achieve the role of public signs that should be.(10)“注意安全,请勿攀爬单边墙”If we only translate it according to literal translation, foreigners may feel very odd, and difficult to understand. In fact, as long as we obey understandable principle and correspondingly translate as" Keep a safe ", it will let foreigners will feel intelligible and kind.四、Translation ApproachesThere are many ways to translate the English public signs. The translation approaches and translation strategies should be determined by the intended purpose or functions of a translation. According to the above principles, such translation approaches are to be discussed as adapting, borrowing and creating.4.1 AdaptingAdapting means a translator makes the slight change based on the similar expressions in English. It can guide the translator to make flexible target language choices when rendering culture-specific expression.The translator makes linguistic choices and employs translation strategies, especially when he is transplanting cultural images. In sign translation, someestablished signs in English can be adapted.(11)“桂林山水甲天下”is translated to “East or West, Guilin Landscape is best!”, which imitates the well-known English proverbs “East or west, home is best”. In this way, it arouses the amiableness on the part of readers, achieves the persuasiveness of the public sign and justifies the translator’s choice of a particular purpose in a given translational situation.4.2 BorrowingBorrowing is way which is highly practical and realistic in sign translation. Based on the approach, the conventional expressions of English signs could be borrowed so that they sound familiar and acceptable to the foreigners. Different individuals from different cultures would differ to a greater or lesser extent, but they would be culturally equivalent when they perform the same function in their respective specific setting culture. Just as Nida puts it, for truly successful translation, biculturalism is even more important than bilingualism, since words only have meanings in terms of the cultures in which they function.(12) “限时停车”has been translated into"Time Limit Parking". This translation is based on "parking".If we translate it without using borrowing approach,the translation may not be familiar by readers. Through using the approach, it can not only makes the task of translation simple, but also can make foreign friends feel comfortable.4.3 CreatingWhen performing the translation of signs with Chinese characteristics, we tend to adopt the method of creating. That is, translators should do the creative work when there are no conventional expressions to borrow or similar expressions to adapt from English signs. Therefore, the translator should have the abilities to create the translation not only understandable but also meet the expressing style of those English-speaking countries. It requires translators' linguistic choices and pragmatic translation strategies and translators must focus on conveying the author’s intentions and make readers get the true information. Otherwise, the appellative function of sign language will be absent.(13)“宁停三分，不抢一秒”can be translated as "It is far better to arrive late in this world than early in the next. " From this example, we can see that if it is difficult to translate public signs which have no conventional expressions to borrow or similar expressions to adapt, translators should do some creative work to translate it more consistent with English expressions.五、ConclusionNowadays, China is striving to improve the standard of opening to the outside world. Therefore, it is urgent to standardize various C-E translations of public signs. Since public signs have always been “the face of the city”, every citizen has the duty to point out the errors in signposts around us in our city.This paper discusses several aspects of the Chinese-English translation problems of public signs, especially the cultural phenomena in translations. According to the problems, the author offers some suggestions to establish standard translation of public signs. The author makes a conclusion that an accurate translation of public signs should always take account of the cultural factors in both languages. Let’s introduce our country to all over the world in the best way.Bibliography[1] Hatim, Basil. Communication across Cultures. Shanghai: Shanghai ForeignLanguage Education Press, 2001:89.[2] Nida, Eugene A. Language and Culture: Contexts in Translating [M]. Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press，2001:52.[3] Newmark, Peter．A textbook of translation[M]．London：Prentice HallInternational(UK)Ltd，1988:47.[4] 北竹,革爱民. 谈英语公示用语的语言特点与汉英翻译[J]. 北京第二外国语学院学报, 2002,(5):26-29．[5] 胡文仲. 现代实用英语例解[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社, 1987:78.[6] 黄友义,黄长奇．翻译质量与翻译协会的责任[J]. 中国翻译, 2005,(5):8-9．[7] 罗选民, 黎土旺. 关于公示语翻译的几点思考[J]. 中国翻译，2006,(4):67.[8] 刘法公,徐蓓佳. 公示语汉英翻译原则探索[J]. 外语与外语教学,2008,(2):54.[9] 李文忠. 中国英语与中国式英语[J]. 外国教学与研究. 1993,(3):32.[10] 王颖，吕和发. 公示语汉英翻译[M]. 中国出版集团,中国对外翻译出版公司, 2007:14-15.[11] 杨永林，刘春霞. 双语公共标识的文本性研究[J]. 外语学刊, 1998,(2):47.AcknowledgementI would like to express my gratitude to all those who helped me during the writing of this thesis.My deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to Mr. Liu, my supervisor. From deciding the title to finishing this paper, I have gained lots of benefits from the enlightenment of Mr. Liu, whose inspiring insights, generous encouragements, and enthusiastic instructions have facilitated me much. He has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. Without his consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not have reached its present form. Then I owe much to my friends and classmates for their valuable suggestions and critiques which are of help and importance in making the thesis a reality.开题报告英语公示语翻译中常见错误分析及策略选择六、论文选题的背景、意义（所选课题的历史背景、国内外研究现状和发展趋势）目的：随着我国经济的发展和对外开放步伐的加快，国际间的友好往来及经济合作日益增多，对外联系和国际交流日益频繁。
浅析公示语的翻译
Thoroughfare 意为 a road in a town or city，显然在纪念馆内不适合 能让国外友人来到中国时有宾至如归的感觉，从而更好的促进中西
用这个词。至于 Please stop viewers 则让人误解为工作人员阻止游 方文化的合作与发展。
客参观。其实对于这两句的译文，从遵循礼貌原则上说我们可以翻
2.2 分析语境。公示语是一种应用文体，形式丰富，运用广泛。但
个国家和民族的形象。除了拼写遗漏等语法错误，公示语翻译还存 并不是所有的公示语都可以照搬过来翻译成外语。考虑到不同国
在下面一些问题：
度，不同的国情，其公示语的翻译应遵循“译、雅译或不译”的原则。
1.1 中式英语：几乎在每个大城市，我们或多或少可以看到中式 像商店招牌、街头路牌等含有指示意义的公示语我们一般直接翻
Your Head”的英文标识，让人哭笑不得。想必此翻译想当然地认为， 饭店里有“不得自带酒水”，商店里有“所有商品不得讲价”，公共场
照顾好自己的头和小心碰头乃一回事。所以就随性地按照中文译了 所里有“严禁喧哗”等，在翻译此类公示语时，我们分析语境，在功能
过去。在一座有名的高档百货大楼出现这样的标牌翻译，让百货公 对等的情况下把源语翻译得含蓄、委婉。
计示范》采用的就是 cashier，而不是 charge office。“收费厕所”实际
作者简介：文辛（1982~），女，陕西渭南人，本科学历，职称：助
上应该翻译为 Pay toilet，不是 Collecting money toilet。“韩国烧烤”为 教。
Korean Barbecue，不是 South Korean burns to roast。
样，城市公示语的英语译文就成了“老外”了解城市的“窗口”。然而， 旗手”其实含有“先进者、模范者”等隐含意义，所以“Model work- er”
公示语汉英翻译综述
公示语汉英翻译综述摘要：目前，随着公示语汉英翻译的发展，公示语翻译水平的高低直接代表了一个地区与国际接轨的紧密程度。
21世纪以来，全社会开始意识到公示语汉英翻译研究的重要性，我国对这门学科的相关有利政策也大幅倾斜，相关研究快速发展，在相关领域也取得了较多重大成就。
但由于社会、历史等各项因素，公示语汉英翻译在发展上仍存在着一些问题。
本文从定义、特点、发展现状为着力点，梳理了公示语汉英翻译的研究成果，对公示语今后的研究方向作出探讨，进一步拓展研究快速发展公示语汉英翻译的相关策略，改变目前处境，让公示语汉英翻译更好的服务于社会发展。
关键词：公示语研究现状汉英翻译一、引言中国改革开放以来，为了自身的快速发展，我们与世界的交流和联系日益密切，外语作为通用语言，在国内发挥了前所未有的作用。
尤其是在我国的公共服务领域，外语的地位更加凸显。
公示语汉英翻译作为海外翻译活动的代表，顺应了我国“一带一路”国家策略，公示语汉英翻译能力的提高也反映了我国外语建设能力的提高，在向世界传播中国历史、传播中国声音、推动中国文化走向世界方面发挥着重要作用。
二、公示语汉英的定义在《谈英语公示用语的语言特点与汉英翻译》(北竹、单爱民)一文发表后，“公示语”一词第一次出现在大众眼中。
在此之后，标志语、标示语、标识语、标记语、公共标识等相关词语逐渐被其他学者所使用。
其中，赵小沛（2003）的《公示语翻译中的语用失误探析》中对“公示语”概念进行了明确解析。
虽然我国从上世纪开始就已经对公示语提高认识，加强重视程度，但是一直到20世纪末，对公示语仍然没有明确的定义。
2006年各位专家学者开始对其有了明确的定义。
戴宗显、吕和发给出的定义较全面:“公示语是公开和面对公众,告示、指示、显示、警示、标志与其生活、生产、生命、生态休戚相关的文字及图形信息。
”目前这一观点被社会和学者广泛接受和认可。
三、公示语研究的发展与现状作为新兴翻译研究领域，许多专家学者都陆续进行广泛而全面的调查探究。
浅析国内公示语翻译中存在的问题及对策
浅析国内公示语翻译中存在的问题及对策1. 引言1.1 背景介绍背景介绍：随着中国的国际化进程不断加快，越来越多的公示语需要进行翻译，以方便外国人和外籍人士更好地了解和遵守相关规定。
国内公示语翻译中存在着种种问题，如翻译不准确、不恰当或不专业，给外国人带来了困扰和误解。
面对这一现状，我们需要深入分析研究，找出问题所在，并提出有效对策，以确保公示语翻译的准确性和质量。
只有通过不懈的努力和改进，才能有效提升我国公示语翻译的水平，为国际友人提供更好的服务和支持。
【200字】2. 正文2.1 公示语翻译存在的问题1. 文化差异问题：公示语翻译往往无法完全准确地传达原文的含义，因为不同国家、不同地区的文化背景和习惯有所不同。
有些翻译可能在语义上是正确的，但在文化背景上却无法很好地被理解。
2. 语言表达问题：公示语翻译中常常存在语言表达不够准确、清晰的情况。
有些翻译可能使用了不够规范、不够通顺的语言，导致翻译结果难以理解或产生歧义。
3. 专业知识问题：公示语内容涉及很多专业领域，如法律、医学、科技等。
而一些翻译人员可能缺乏相关领域的专业知识，导致翻译过程中出现错误或不准确的情况。
4. 翻译人员水平参差不齐：公示语翻译的质量和准确性很大程度上取决于翻译人员的水平。
一些翻译人员水平参差不齐，有些翻译甚至可能是机器翻译导致翻译质量不佳。
需要采取一系列对策来解决公示语翻译存在的问题，提高翻译质量和准确性。
2.2 问题对策在国内公示语翻译中存在的问题主要包括语言表达不准确、文化差异造成理解困难、专业术语翻译不规范等方面。
针对这些问题，我们可以采取以下对策：加强翻译人员的专业培训和素质提升。
提高翻译人员的语言能力和翻译水平，注重专业知识的学习和积累，确保翻译质量和准确性。
加强文化交流和理解，注重对目标语言国家的文化背景和习俗进行深入了解。
只有深入理解目标语言国家的文化特点，才能更好地进行公示语翻译。
建立专门的翻译团队或机构，制定统一的翻译规范和标准，规范翻译流程和质量控制，确保翻译工作的顺利进行。
从目的论角度分析公示语的汉英翻译
从目的论角度分析公示语的汉英翻译【摘要】公示语，作为一种交际工具，是一种面向公众，承载着必要和有效信息的语言。
然而，公示语误翻随处可见。
本文将从目的论角度出发，分析公示语误翻，进一步阐述公示语英译方法。
【关键词】目的论公示语方法1. 引言随着我国国际影响、经济实力的提升，公示语即赶上时代潮流，城市双语公示语更是“城市的脸孔”，是给所有到来华的外国人士留下第一印象的名片，公示语英译水平的高低作为文明标志直接反映一个国家国际化水平的高低。
但目前我国公示语的翻译状况却无法令人满意，误译，漏译随处可见，有些译法甚至传为笑谈，严重影响了我国的国际形象。
在此情况下，找到切实可行的方法来解决公示语翻译中的问题可谓当务之急。
2. 目的论“目的论”是由德国翻译理论家汉斯？弗米尔和凯瑟琳娜？赖斯于20 世纪80 年代共同创立的。
其主旨概念是：决定翻译过程的最主要因素是整体翻译行为的目的。
翻译是以目的语文本及其所在的目的语文化为导向的一种翻译行为，强调译文预期目标的实现。
因此，笔者从目的论角度出发，来阐述公示语误译及解决办法。
3. 公示语简而言之，公示语就是给公众在公众场合看的文字语言，即公开和面对公众，告示、指示、提示、显示、警示、标示与其生活、生产、生命、生态、生业休戚相关的文字及图形信息。
是人们生活中最常见的实用语言，是一种公开和面对公众的，以达到某种交际目的的特殊文体。
4. 公示语翻译常见错误分析4.1拼写错误由于种种主客观原因，公示语拼写错误随处可见，尽管这都是一些很小的错误，但是却很容易给外国友人留下不好的印象。
比如在某海洋水族馆，海洋水族馆被译成“Ocean Aqurrium”。
但是很明显应该是“Ocean Aquarium”。
又比如在博物馆里，“清朝”被译成是“Qing dynasty”，正确的译文应该是“Qing Dynasty”。
虽然这只是大小写的错误，但是同样也不容忽视。
4.2词汇误用语言讲究严谨，有时一个小字符都能造成歧义，如某火车站的公告牌“开车前五分钟停止检票”，其对应译文是“Check in Stops 5 Minutes Before Train Departure”，粗略看一下译文，觉得问题不大，其实不然。
公示语翻译综述论文分析(精)
公示语翻译综述
主题：将收集到的相关信息及相关论文，综述各家之论点，希望为今后的公示语翻译研究提供一些思路。
选题依据：随着中国融入全球化经济，中国与世界各国的交流不断增多，英语开始进入我们工作、生活的方方面面，全国各地公共场所的汉英双语标识及提示语也越来越多，但各种错误及不规范现象也比比皆是。
为改善我国的汉英双语环境和人文环境，更好地服务于对外宣传与交流及经济、文化建设，全国各地展开了声势浩大的汉英双语标识语纠错活动以及相应的规范行动。
研究方法：
1、研究问题：公示语翻译的研究成果还存在着诸如术语不统一、题材及体裁单一化、缺
乏创新性等缺憾。
2、研究对象：相关信息及20余篇相关论文中各家的论点。
3、研究设计：使用文献研究方法，对内容进行分析。
4、数据分析方法：将收集得到的信息分为“公示语特点及其功能”和“公示语翻译原则及方法”两类。
研究结果：公示语翻译研究有待一步开拓：①加强公示语翻译基本理论研究；②加强语用翻译研究；③加强术语的统一。
存在问题
1•摘要提及到“公示语翻译研究成果存在着题材及体裁单一化”，但是引言最后部分又说“公示语翻译研究包括社会用语、标识语、牌示语、标识语、告示语等翻译研究”，显然，两者前后互相矛盾。
2•摘要提交到“公示语翻译研究成果缺乏创新性”，但是文章中并没有说明要如何创新。
3•摘要提及到“子20世纪90年代以来，许多专家、学者对公示语翻译进行许多方面研究和探讨，并取得了可喜成绩”，但是文章中并没有提到有哪些可喜成绩。
4•“公示语翻译研究现状”这一点中，绝大多数都是引用别人的东西，属于作者本身的东西很少。
5•“公示语翻译研究背景”跟本文主旨关系不密切。
谈公示用语的语言特点与汉英翻译的论文
谈公示用语的语言特点与汉英翻译的论文关键词：公示用语语言风格功能特色汉英翻译摘要：为适应举办奥运会和建设国际化都市的需要，北京的公共设施、旅游设施等处将大量采用中英两种语言的公示用语。
公示语广泛应用于我们生活的方方面面，因此也影响到我们生活的方方面面。
英语公示语具有指示性、提示性、限制性、强制性四种突出的应用功能；所展示的信息状态既有“静态”，也有“动态”；广泛使用名词、动词、动名词、词组、短语、缩略语、文字与标志组合、现在时态、祈使句、规范性和标准性语汇，以及部分本土色彩浓厚的语汇，从而构成英语公示语的独特语言风格。
进行汉英公示语翻译首先应考虑使用英语中规范和标准语汇进行1对1的汉英置换；在无对应译法的情况下宜参照英语公示语的功能要求和语言风格进行试译，然后在部分海外旅游者中进行检验。
在确认不会产生任何误解的情况下才可实际应用。
key words: english on signs functional features language styles chinese-english translation internationalized destinationsabstract: signs in english are essential to international tourists destinations. the static and dynamic indications, the directing, prompting, restricting, compelling effects are the functional features of the language applied on them; the use of nouns, verbs, gerunds, phrases, abbreviations, the combination of words and signs, present tense, interrogative expressions and set expressions are the characteristics of the language styles on them. translators could work more effectively by referring the functional features and language style of the expressions in english on signs.前言记得我毕业留校任教，同时兼任系里的外事秘书。
公示语翻译研究综述
公示语翻译研究综述摘要本文旨在全面了解与评估公示语翻译领域的现状。
通过对已有文献的搜集与分析，总结了公示语翻译研究的主要成果和不足。
本文还探讨了当前公示语翻译研究的趋势、热点和难点，并提出了未来研究的方向和意义。
关键词：公示语翻译、研究综述、翻译研究、语言对比、翻译策略引言公示语是指公共场所中为公众提供信息的标语、标识和指示牌等。
随着全球化的推进和旅游业的发展，公示语翻译越来越受到。
本文旨在全面梳理公示语翻译领域的研究现状，总结已有研究成果和不足，为未来的研究提供参考。
文献搜集与分析通过对国内外相关文献的搜集和分析，发现公示语翻译研究主要集中在以下几个方面：1、翻译标准与原则：公示语翻译应遵循一定的标准与原则，如“信、达、雅”等。
研究人员对公示语翻译的标准与原则进行了探讨，但尚未达成一致意见。
2、语言对比与翻译策略：通过对源语言和目标语言进行对比，研究人员发现公示语翻译中存在语言差异、文化差异和修辞差异等问题。
因此，研究人员提出了一些翻译策略，如直译、意译和音译等。
3、错误分析与改进：有些公示语翻译存在错误或不准确的情况，对公众造成困扰。
研究人员通过错误分析，提出了改进公示语翻译的建议。
现状分析当前公示语翻译研究主要集中在以上三个方面，取得了一定的成果。
但仍然存在以下问题：1、缺乏统一的标准与原则：公示语翻译的标准与原则尚未达成一致意见，这导致翻译质量参差不齐。
2、语言对比不充分：虽然研究人员对源语言和目标语言进行了对比，但在实际翻译中，往往存在理解偏差和文化误导等问题。
3、改进建议难以落地：虽然研究人员提出了改进建议，但很多情况下，建议难以落地实施，这导致一些问题仍未得到有效解决。
结论公示语翻译是全球化时代的重要议题。
通过对已有文献的搜集与分析，可以发现公示语翻译研究已经取得了一定的成果，但仍存在诸多问题和挑战。
未来研究应以下方向：深入探讨公示语翻译的标准与原则，加强跨文化交流与合作，提高翻译人员的专业素养和加强对错误分析的研究，以便提出更具针对性的改进建议。
公示语英译语用失误论文
公示语英译语用失误论文第一篇：公示语英译语用失误论文摘要：本文以语用学的语用失误理论为分析框架，分析了公示语英译中存在的各类语用失误，指出公示语的英译应注重语用语言等效和社交语用等效。
关键词：公示语；语用语言失误；社交语用失误一、引言公示语是人们生活中最常见的实用语言，是一种公开和面对公众的，以达到某种交际目的的特殊文体。
公示语在我们生活中应用广泛，几乎随处可见，例如路标、广告牌、商店招牌、公共场所的宣传语、旅游简介等等。
公示语是国际化都市、国际旅游目的地语言环境、人文环境的重要组成部分。
由于公示语在公众和旅游者生活中的重要意义，对公示语的任何歧义、误解、滥用都会导致不良后果。
错误的翻译会影响一个城市、一个地区的形象和对外交流，也给外国游客带来诸多不便。
吴伟雄［1］《中文标语英译浅谈》认为：标语口号的翻译，主要是英译，越来越成为开放城市一个不可回避又颇感棘手的问题。
因此，净化城市语言环境，创造一个促进文明交流的开阔空间，是从事公示语翻译的译者的责任，也是所有从事外语工作者的责任。
本文以语用学的语用失误理论为分析框架，分析公示语英译中的语用失误问题。
语用失误不是指来自语言本身的语法错误等方面的问题，语用失误比语法失误产生的不良影响更为严重，因为“语法错误只表明使用语言不够熟练，而语用失误却说明说话人的品质。
” ［2］二、语用失误语言学家Jenny Thomas［3］认为，语用失误指表达不合适或表达方式不妥，不合目的语习惯等导致交际不能取得效果的这类语用文化错误。
她在《跨文化语用失误》（Cross-cultural pragmatic failure）一文中把语用失误现象分为两种：一种是语用语言失误（pragma-linguistic failure）；另一种是社交语用失误（socia-pragmatic failure）。
1.语用语言失误语用语言失误指将本族语对某一词语或结构的语用意义套用在外语上造成的语用失误。
我国新世纪公示语翻译研究综述
我国新世纪公示语翻译研究综述一、本文概述随着全球化的不断推进和国际交流的日益频繁，公示语作为日常生活中不可或缺的一部分，其翻译质量直接关系到信息传递的准确性和有效性。
我国新世纪以来，公示语翻译研究逐渐成为学术界关注的热点，众多学者从不同角度对公示语的翻译实践和理论进行了深入探讨。
本文旨在对新世纪以来我国的公示语翻译研究进行综述，梳理研究的主要进展、存在的问题以及未来的发展方向。
文章首先回顾了公示语翻译研究的发展历程，概述了研究的主要阶段和转折点。
接着，本文对公示语翻译的理论和方法进行了系统梳理，包括翻译标准、策略选择、文化适应性等方面，并对各种理论观点进行了比较分析。
文章还对公示语翻译实践中出现的问题进行了剖析，如误译、文化冲突、信息丢失等问题，并提出了相应的解决策略。
本文展望了公示语翻译研究的未来趋势，强调了跨学科研究、技术应用、国际化视野等方面的重要性，以期为公示语翻译实践和理论研究提供参考和启示。
通过本文的综述，我们期望能够为促进我国公示语翻译质量的提升和翻译学科的发展贡献力量。
二、公示语翻译的现状分析新世纪以来，随着全球化的不断推进和国际交流的日益频繁，公示语作为日常生活中不可或缺的一部分，其翻译工作的重要性日益凸显。
公示语不仅涉及到公共服务领域，如交通指示、公共安全、医疗卫生等，也关系到商业、旅游、文化等多个行业。
公示语的准确翻译对于保障信息的有效传达、促进国际理解与合作具有重要意义。
当前，我国的公示语翻译实践取得了一定的进展。
许多公共场所和服务机构已经意识到双语或多语种公示的重要性，并开始采用翻译服务。
翻译质量参差不齐，存在一些常见的问题，如直译、错译、文化差异处理不当等。
这些问题可能会导致信息误解，甚至产生安全隐患。
学术界对公示语翻译的研究逐渐深入，研究者们开始关注翻译过程中的文化适应性、语言规范性以及翻译策略等问题。
同时，随着翻译技术的发展，机器翻译和人工智能在公示语翻译领域的应用也日益广泛，这为提高翻译效率和质量提供了新的可能性。
公示语翻译的文献综述
公示语翻译的文献综述文献综述在经济全球化的时代背景中，中国与世界各国的交往日益频繁，各大城市公共场所的双语公示语也越来越多，越来越多的外国人来华投资或旅游，公示语成为他们了解中国的窗口并成为国家对外宣传的重要组成部分，是世界对中国形象的一次检验。
然而，国内的公示语环境甚至可以用“脏、乱、差”来表示（罗选民，2006），所以，加强公示语翻译的研究和采取切实有力的措施去改善公示语翻译的质量，是我们刻不容缓的任务。
进入21世纪以来，在全球化经济蓬勃发展，中国加入世贸组织的大背景下，中国与世界各国的交流日益增加，全国各地也随之出现了越来越多的汉英双语公示语，而公示语英译也成了翻译界关注的热点。
但这一现象背后却存在很大的隐患—公示语英译错误比比皆是，许多译文简直令人匪夷所思，这严重的损害一个城市乃至整个国家的对外形象。
针对这一问题，北京第二外国语学院于2002年对“汉英公示语翻译研究”课题进行立项赞助，并成立了公示语翻译研究中心：2005年9月，召开了“首届全国公示语翻译研讨会”，众多与会专家纷纷发言并参与研讨。
而关于公示语英译的学术论文也层出不穷。
据袁良平、汤建民（2007）的统计结果，近三年来对公示语翻译问题的关注明显增多。
在对公示语英译实例进行调查，找出问题、分析原因并提出修改建议方面，王银泉、陈新仁（2004）对公示语英译实例按照错误类型进行划分，如交际信息失真、实为用意错位、语言礼貌蜕变、译文刻板不够贴切等，并提出修改。
从文本类型的角度探讨公示语英译，张美芳（2006）将莱斯的“文本类型学”理论用于分析澳门的公示语英译。
从公示语功能特点及语言风格角度探讨论公示语英译，吕和发（2004，2005）指出英语公示语具有指示性、提示性、限制性、强制性四种突出的应用功能；所展示的信息状态既有“静态”也有“动态”，并提出了具体事例。
从语用学角度探讨公示语英译，罗选民和黎土旺（2006）用奥斯丁的“言语行为理论”来指导公示语英译。
公示语汉英翻译综述
公示语汉英翻译综述发表时间：2018-06-05T16:07:01.587Z 来源：《语言文字学》2018年第5月作者：卢倩倩[导读] 本文基于对公示语翻译发展的回顾，梳理了公示语翻译的研究成果，并指出了其存在的问题。
西安外国语大学陕西西安 710128作者简介：卢倩倩，女，汉族，西安外国语大学硕士研究生，专业：外国语语言学及应用语言学。
摘要：公示语翻译在很大程度上体现了一个地区的国际化水平。
我国公示语翻译研究在进入21世纪以来取得了重大发展。
但由于种种原因，仍存在着不同程度的问题。
本文基于对公示语翻译发展的回顾，梳理了公示语翻译的研究成果，并指出了其存在的问题。
关键词：公示语；翻译；研究现状一、引言随着对外开放的不断深入，中国与世界各国的联系与交流日益密切，外语使用被赋予了前所未有的责任与担当。
其中，公共服务领域对外语的需求不断扩大，以公示语翻译为代表的对外传播翻译活动正是顺应一带一路建设，响应国家外语能力建设的具体体现，对于向世界讲好中国故事，传播好中国声音，促进中国文化“走出去”具有重要意义。
（郝日虹，2014）二、公示语的定义“公示语”一词首次出现在北竹、单爱民的《谈英语公示用语的语言特点与汉英翻译》一文中。
除此之外，还有学者使用标志语、标识语、公共标识、标示语、标记语等。
赵小沛（2003）的《公示语翻译中的语用失误探析》中正式使用了“公示语”概念。
我国公示语研究由来已久，但直到上世纪末，公示语的定义依旧比较模糊。
2006年5月，在城市导向与图形符号国际研讨会上， BarryGray给予公示语不同的定义: Signs are anything from a smiplest way finding or information-marker.to the technically sophisticated communication of a message。
丁衡祁(2006)认为“公示语是在公共场合向公众公示须知内容的语言,它包括标识、指示牌、路牌、标语、公告、提示语等”。
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公示语翻译综述
主题：将收集到的相关信息及相关论文, 综述各家之论点, 希望为今后的公示语翻译研究提供一些思路。
选题依据：随着中国融入全球化经济, 中国与世界各国的交流不断增多, 英语开始进入我们工作、生活的方方面面, 全国各地公共场所的汉英双语标识及提示语也越来越多, 但各种错误及不规范现象也比比皆是。
为改善我国的汉英双语环境和人文环境, 更好地服务于对外宣传与交流及经济、文化建设, 全国各地展开了声势浩大的汉英双语标识语纠错活动以及相应的规范行动。
研究方法：
1、研究问题:公示语翻译的研究成果还存在着诸如术语不统一、题材及体裁单一化、缺
乏创新性等缺憾。
2、研究对象:相关信息及20余篇相关论文中各家的论点。
3、研究设计：使用文献研究方法，对内容进行分析。
4、数据分析方法:将收集得到的信息分为“公示语特点及其功能”和“公示语翻译原则及方法”两类。
研究结果：公示语翻译研究有待一步开拓：①加强公示语翻译基本理论研究；②加强语用翻译研究；③加强术语的统一。
存在问题
1.摘要提及到“公示语翻译研究成果存在着题材及体裁单一化”，但是引言最后部分又说“公示语翻译研究包括社会用语、标识语、牌示语、标识语、告示语等翻译研究”，显然，两者前后互相矛盾。
2.摘要提交到“公示语翻译研究成果缺乏创新性”，但是文章中并没有说明要如何创新。
3.摘要提及到“子20世纪90年代以来，许多专家、学者对公示语翻译进行许多方面研究和探讨，并取得了可喜成绩”，但是文章中并没有提到有哪些可喜成绩。
4.“公示语翻译研究现状”这一点中，绝大多数都是引用别人的东西，属于作者本身的东西很少。
5.“公示语翻译研究背景”跟本文主旨关系不密切。