2011届高考第一轮总复习满分练兵场
【珍藏精品】2011届高考第一轮总复习高考满分练兵场:高一册Unit10
2011届高考第一轮总复习满分练兵场高一册Unit 10Ⅰ.单词拼写1.He couldn’t ______(适应) his way of life to the company.2.I have no time to listen to the details, so please give me a ______(简要的) description.3.I offered her an invitation, but she didn’t ______(回应).4.Everyone likes to make friends with Jones, because she is more ______(有魅力的).5.We must take a better care of the ______(环境) because of pollution.6.The government has promised to take ______(措施) to help the unemployed.7.That picture will become more and more ______(有价值的) as the years roll on.8.Our school decides to ______(组织) an English speech competition next month.9.Whe n building ______(材料) cost more, the price of house increases.10.Y ou must give up smoking because it is very ______(有害的) to your health.[答案]1.adapt 2.brief 3.respond 4.attractive5.environment 6.measures7.valuable8.organise9.materials10.harmfulⅠ.完成句子(湖北专用)[1.The girl sat under the tree ____________(读报纸).(read)2.I intended ____________(拜访你), but I was too busy.(call)3.____________(不管多饿), I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.(matter) 4.____________(就我所知), he has done it best.(far)5.____________(直到她回家) that Jennifer found she had lost her key.(it)6.The car was running ____________(往北京方向).(direction)7.This church ____________(追溯到13世纪) has attracted a lot of tourists.(date)8.I really appreciate ____________(同我在一起) when I am in trouble.(stay)9.They shut the door and left, ____________(留下火在烧).(leave)10.I’ll do it ____________(条件是你支付一切费用).(condition)[答案]1.reading a newspaper2.to have called on you3.No matter how hungry I am4.As far as I know5.It was not until she got home6.in the direction of Beijing[7.dating from(dating back to) the 13th century8.your staying with me9.leaving the fire burning10.on condition that you pay for everythingⅡ.单项填空1.I don’t like the way ______ he acts in public.A. whichB. whereC. thatD. as2.It is high time we controlled the birth growth. As you know, China has ______ population than any other country in the world.A. a much largerB. a much mostC. the mostD. a more larger3.It shows that a knowledge of first aid can ______ a real difference.A. getB. tellC. makeD. point4.I suggested that he should ______ himself ______ his new conditions.A. adapt; toB. be used; toC. adapt; forD. be used; for[5.What a pity! He ______ the only chance of success.A. threw awayB. put downC. gave inD. broke off6.—I hear Jack’s ______ of losing his life.—Y es. At the moment the doctors are doing their best to help him ______.A. in danger; out of dangerB. in the danger; out of the danger[来源:]C. in the danger; out of dangerD. in danger; out of the danger7.What supprised me was not what he said but the way ______ he said it.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. why8.The terrible war lasted eight years. ______,wives los t their husbands, parents lost their sons, and children lost their fathers.A. As a resultB. As a result ofC. InsteadD. However9.______ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.A. In spite ofB. Because ofC. But forD. As for10.______ it rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting till next Friday.A. WouldB. ShouldC. CouldD. Might11.(2009·丰台期中)Although he was disabled, he tried to lead ______ as possible.A. as normal a lifeB. so normal a lifeC. as a normal lifeD. so a normal life12.All the people ______ at yesterday’s meeting said it was a great success.A. presentB. thankfulC. interestedD. important13.It is sleeping late in the morning tha t ______ being late for work.A. devotes toB. sticks toC. refers toD. leads to14.Whoever has ______ sense knows that smoking is harmful to people’s health.A. normalB. generalC. ordinaryD. common15.(2010·辽宁本溪期末)At present teenagers would rather go to the net bar, ______,as is known to some of them, they can chat with their friends or play games.A. whichB. whereC. thatD. what[答案]1.C。
【珍藏精品】2011届高考第一轮总复习高考满分练兵场:阶段性测试6(无听力版)
2011届高考第一轮总复习满分练兵场高一册1~22单元阶段测试Ⅰ.语音知识(共5小题;每小题1分,满分5分)(2009·湖北省八校第二次联考)1.storm A. comfortable B. editorC. affordD. world2.paragraph A. character B. castC. distanceD. operate3.examine A. exist B. excitedC. exerciseD. expert4.packet A. develop B. immediatelyC. collectD. comedy5.sugar A. sign B. peasantC. islandD. Asia[答案]1—5 CBADDⅡ.单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)6.—What ______ to them?—They appeared ______ in the accident.[来源:学_科_网]A. happened; to have been injuredB. had happened; to be injuredC. happened; injuredD. have happened; to be injured7.Questions and exercises are given by the computer, which decides ______ to move the student ahead, review an easier level ______ give more work on the same level.A. both; andB. whether; orC. not only; butD. either; or8.From the date ______ on the gold coin, we decided that it was made five hundred years ago.A. markingB. markedC. to be markedD. having been marked9.Flight BA123 to Vienna is now boarding at ______.A. Gate 21B. 21st GateC. the Gate 21D. 21 Gate10.—How did you find him out?—I ______ his name by chance on the list.A. came downB. came aboutC. came upD. came across11.—Do you know when the Chinese custom ______ from?—It’s hard to say. But its characteristics ______ the Tang Period.A. began; proveB. started; showC. is; appearD. dates; suggest12.All the preparations for the project ______,and we’re ready to start.A. completedB. had been completedC. completeD. have been completed13.The expert said she ______ Xinjiang to join the development of the West Regions the next month.A. had left forB. left forC. was leaving forD. would lea ve for14.Everybody in our hometown, men and women, young and old, ______ sports and games.A. are fond ofB. joinsC. enjoysD. go in for15.If you ______ talk about it with me, please wait till I finish my work at hand.A. canB. mayC. mustD. should16.Some of the drivers were also ______ by the police because of their good behavior in the traffic accident.A. examinedB. questionedC. praisedD. punished17.—Gina, ______ Mr. Brown wanted you on ______ phone just now.—Mr. Brown? Who is he?A. a; theB. /; theC. a; aD. /; a18.______ than a century ago ______ of the things we’re doing now were thought impossible.A. More; muchB. Fewer; fewC. Longer; moreD. Less; many19.Y esterday evening I came across the man ______ you think is pleased to ______.A. whom; get along withB. who; work withC. whom; be talked withD. who; talk20.—How about some more coffee?—It’s very kind of you. ______.A. That’s all rightB. It tastes nice and sweetC. Just a little, pleaseD. I enjoyed it very much[答案]6.A。
【珍藏精品】2011届高考第一轮总复习高考满分练兵场:高三册Units13-14
2011届高考第一轮总复习满分练兵场高三册Units13-14Ⅰ.单词拼写1.Don’t complain too much. Try to adapt to the ______(易变的) environment.2.You should not be just content with comfortable ______(环境).3.Finally I was ______(说服) of his honesty.4.Don’t be so ______(顽固的). Maybe you are wrong.5.The man was charged with ______(偷窃).6.What a ______(巧合) that I was in Paris at the same time as you!7.We must ______(假定) him to be innocent until he is proved guilty.8.I find it quite ______(震惊) that none of you like the play.9.He has never shown much ______(体谅) for his wife’s needs.10.The match had to be ______(取消) because of the bad weather.[答案]1.changeable 2.surroundings 3.convinced4.stubborn 5.theft 6.coincidence7.assume8.astonishing9.consideration10.cancelledⅠ.完成句子(湖北专用)1.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks ____________(好像断了似的).2.I tried to telephone you but I couldn’t ______ (打通).3.Successful people learn to ____________ (抓住) the opportunities that come along.4.Scientists often have to ____________(依靠) government support in order to do research.5.In 1898,an American writer wrote a science ______________(小说) story.6.The ship sank after hitting an iceberg, killing most of the 2,500 people ____________.(在船上)7.When will humans put a stop to war and have ________________(固定的,永久的) peace?8.One of the ____________(现象) that attracted my attention is the structure of the human body.9.After days and nights of incredible ____________(劳动), I was dead tired.10.When I found this amazing power placed within my hands, I ____________(犹豫) a long time thinking how I should use it.[答案]1.as if it were broken 2.get through 3.grasp4.rely on 5.fi ction 6.aboard7.permanent8.bor10.hesitatedⅡ.单项填空1.—The work will take me another week. I’m really tired.—I think you ______ as well consult experienced workers.A. mustB. needC. mayD. can2.Our company decided to ______ the contract because a number of the conditions in it had not been met.A. destroyB. resistC. assumeD. cancel3.I told him it was a bad idea, but Dave was so ______ that he just never listened.A. ambitiousB. roundaboutC. stubbornD. straightforward4.In their opinion, the Internet, if properly ______,holds the key to success in the 21st centuryA. to be managedB. managingC. being managedD. managed5.A lot of the children at the school do not live in the town, but come from the ______ countryside.A. surroundedB. surroundingC. surroundingsD. surround6.It was a difficult time, but eventually things ______ all right.A. turned outB. turned onC. turned upD. turned to7.A 23-year-old woman was found guilty ______ murder at the central court today.A. ofB. forC. aboutD. in8.He made an attempt to ______ the misunderstanding about the origin of he language.A. clarifyB. checkC. claimD. clap9.These two watches are so much alike that I can’t ______ them apart.A. sayB. speakC. tellD. differ10.She ______ writing this book when I came here last year.A. set aboutB. set offC. set toD. set up11.Farmers will h ave a good harvest, ______ that the weather is favourable.A. pretendingB. assumingC. thinkingD. believing12.Your house is very beautiful, especially the furniture in your house is more splendid than ______ I have ever seen.A. oneB. itC. the oneD. that13.With modern equipment, many mysteries have ______ to light in recent years.A. broughtB. comeC. thrownD. appeared14.All things ______,we have to put off the plan.A. consideringB. having consideredC. are consideredD. considered15.(2010·江苏南京期末)—Tom, you are smoking again?—______?It’s none of your business.A. S o whatB. How comeC. Why notD. What for[答案]1.C。
【珍藏精品】2011届高考第一轮总复习高考满分练兵场:高二册Unit9
2011届高考第一轮总复习满分练兵场高2册Unit 9Ⅰ.单词拼写1.In Iraq, some American soldiers died of ______(暴力) now and then.2.Our English teacher ______(强调) the importance of learning English well.3.The change in climate may ______(影响) your health.4.Our natural ______(资源) are becoming more and more serious.5.When the dog attacked me, I picked up a stick and ______(防卫) myself.6.In some villages nearby, children have no ______(权利,机会) to education.7.He was ______(满足) to live alone in the quiet town all his life.8.He was shocked by this lack of ______(平等) and fairness.9.Her ideas were no longer in ______(一致,和谐) with ours.10.We much appreciate your ______(心甘情愿) to attend my sick parents.[答案]1.violence 2.stressed 3.affect 4.resources5.defend 6.access7.content8.equality9.harmony10.willingnessⅠ.完成句子(湖北专用)1.She ____________(渴望) visit Egypt.(desire)2.____________(跟他父母一样), he likes swimming.(common)3.____________(在老师眼里), he is an honest boy.(eye)4.His weight is ______________(两倍) it was ten years ago.(twice)5.Michael ____________(坐下) at the desk and began to read as soon as he reached home.(seat)6.We all know that many characteristics of a man ______________(会代代相传).(pass) 7.The representatives of the women movement ______________(声称要平等权) all the women.(claim)8.Mr. Li seldom goes out, but he ____________(了解) the world situation through the Internet.(track)9.The factory’s output of cars this year is ____________(大约是去年的三倍).(as great) 10.The ____________(配有照相机的机器人) can do many things for mankind.(equip) [答案]1.has a desire to2.In common with his parents3.In the teacher’s eyes/In the eyes of the teacher4.twice what5.seated himself/got seated6.are passed on from generation to generation7.clai med the equal rights for8.keeps track of9.about three times as great as that of last year10.ro bots equipped with camerasⅡ.单项填空1.We must try to live in peace and ______ with those around us.A. contactB. harmonyC. agreementD. common2.—When is it permitted to smoke in here?—At no time ______ in the classroom.[A. is smoking permittedB. smoking is permittedC. smoking is it permittedD. does smoking permit3.As far as I know, Lucy is seldom, ______,late for school.A. if notB. if anyC. if everD. if much4.After a while, the man suddenly stopped and looked as if ______ whether he was going in the right direction.A. seeingB. having seenC. to have seenD. to see5.John has taken an active ______ in getting artists together for the festival.A. positionB. turnC. chanceD. part6.She traveled a great deal, ______ did most of her friends.A. whichB. whatC. itD. as7.It’s always difficult being in a foreign country, ______ if you don’t speak the language.A. extremelyB. naturally[C. basicallyD. especially8.It was reported that ______ in cloning animals by the scientists in South Korea.A. many progresses had been madeB. good progress had been madeC. much progress has been madeD. rapid progresses has been made9.He is warm-hearted and is always ______ to help his friends.A. aboutB. pleasantC. goingD. ready10.Not until I was almost knocked down by a taxi ______ that I had walk ed off the pavement.A. I realizedB. I had realizedC. did I realizeD. had I realized11.They have been trying to find a practical solution ______ the problem.A. inB. toC. onD. with12.______ is a good chance ______ you’ll find cert ain medical opinions on health in this magazine.A. It; whichB. There; thatC. There; whichD. It; that13.He was ______ to give up smoking, but he refused.A. advisedB. persuadedC. suggestedD. had14.It is said that the murderer has employed a famous lawyer to ______ him.A. protectB. protect forC. defendD. defend for15.(2010·黄冈模拟)We should never ______ ourselves with book knowledge only.A. contentB. contractC. contrastD. contain[答案]1.B。
2011届高考英语第一轮总复习高考满分练兵场 阶段性测试8(湖北专用)【精品】
2011届高考第一轮总复习总分为练兵场高二册5~8单元阶段测试Ⅰ.听力理解(共两节,总分为30分)(略)Ⅱ.多项选择(共10小题;每一小题1分,总分为10分)21.—Would you please give me a hand and take the book-case upstairs?—______.A. With pleasureB. That’s all rightC. My pleasureD. Don’t hurry22.(2010·北黄卷)Shenzhou Ⅶ ______ at about 9:10 p.m. Thursday, carrying three astronauts, one of whom became the first Chinese ______ in space.A. lifted off; walkingB. lifted off; to walkC. lifted up; to walkD. lifted up; walking23.The little boy still needs the ______ 20 dollars to do with some things ______.A. remaining; remained to be settledB. remaining; remaining to be settledC. remained; remained to settleD. remained; remaining to settle24.The early pioneers had to ______ many difficulties to settle on the new land.A. go back onB. go throughC. go intoD. go along with25.—I’ve failed to ______ him to change his mind.—I know you’ve tried your best.A. allowB. suggestC. persuadeD. advise26.The ______ is that the new machine will arrive tomorrow.A. chanceB. luckC. accidentD. possibility27.The position, however, ______ you are applying, is not a well-paid one.A. thatB. whichC. for whichD. to which28.We visited the school that lies in ______ was a big factory more than twenty years ago.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. where29.______ some of this juice. Perhaps you’ll like it.A. TryingB. TryC. To tryD. Have tried30.______ repeated assurances that the product is safe, many people have stopped buying it.A. In spite ofB. On account ofC. Because ofD. As a consequence of[答案]21.A。
【珍藏精品】2011届高考第一轮总复习高考满分练兵场:第一部分3-4
2011届高考第一轮总复习满分练兵场第一部分第3单元考点4一、单项选择题(2009·河北唐山4月)读漫画“把云留住”,完成1~2题。
1.与该漫画主题最贴切的环境问题是() A.土地盐碱化 B.大气污染C.森林破坏D.温室效应2.此图体现了区域地理环境的() A.整体性B.差异性C.开放性D.同一性【解析】图示景观为荒漠景观,主要是由人类对植被的破坏造成的。
该图反映了地理环境的整体性特征。
【答案】 1.C 2.A(2009·江西九江4月)下图为“陆地环境主要构成要素的相互关联图”。
读图,完成3~4题。
3.松花江和珠江水文特征不同,关键是图中哪个箭头所起的作用() A.①B.②C.③D.④【解析】河流的水文特征包括径流量大小、流量的季节变化、结冰期、含沙量等方面,而这些方面与河流流域内的气候密切相关。
松花江地处东北为温带季风气候区,而珠江流经亚热带季风气候区,两条河流由于气候不同,而水文特征差异很大。
【答案】A[来源:]4.能表示黄土高原地貌特征形成的箭头是() A.⑤B.⑥C.⑦D.⑧【解析】黄土高原地表千沟万壑的形态,主要是流水侵蚀作用形成的,图中⑥表示水文对地貌的影响。
故选B项。
【答案】 B(2009·6题。
气象要素(单位) 1月4月7月10月月平均气温(℃) 10.8 14.2 20.7 18.6降雨日数(日)11.2[来源:Z。
xx。
k.Com]9.3 0.8 8.0日平均日照时数(小时) 5.5 8.4 11.1 7.75.()A.昼夜长短和天气B.昼夜长短和自转速度C.正午太阳高度和自转速度D.正午太阳高度和气候【解析】昼夜长短和天气是影响该地日平均日照时数年变化的主要因素。
【答案】 A6.该地区的自然植被类型是() A.温带落叶阔叶林B.热带草原C.亚热带常绿硬叶林D.亚热带常绿阔叶林[来源:学科网ZXXK][来源:学_科_网]【解析】该地为地中海气候,对应的自然植被类型是亚热带常绿硬叶林。
2011届高考第一轮总复习高考满分练兵场:9-2
2011届高考第一轮总复习满分练兵场第9单元第2课时Z*xx*k一、选择题1.(2009·贵州模拟)1923年中共三大召开期间,共产党内发生了激烈的争议,张国焘反对全体共产党员加入国民党,马林和陈独秀提出“一切工作归国民党”。
这两种观点的实质是() A.反对国共合作B.主张实行国共两党合作C.主张国民革命由国民党领导D.否定中共在民主革命中的领导权【解析】本题考查学生辨别分析和认识历史问题的能力。
A、C两项不符合题意,二者都主张国共合作,这是客观的,但两者的方式都不利于共产党掌握统一战线中的领导权。
B项与题干信息相反,故D项正确。
【答案】 D2.(原创题)下图是国民党“一大”会场,在国民党“一大”上,孙中山重新解释了三民主义,把旧三民主义发展为新三民主义,成为国共合作的基础,是因为() 学科A.发展了“联俄、联共、扶助农工”的三大政策B.增加了反对帝国主义侵略和平均地权的内容C.与中共民主革命纲领的若干基本原则一致D.是在中共和共产国际指导下形成的【解析】本题旨在考查学生对历史概念的准确理解能力。
解题的关键在于准确理解国共合作的政治基础——新三民主义,其贯彻了联俄、联共、扶助农工的三大政策的精神,其基本政治原则与中共民主革命纲领的若干基本原则是一致的,因而成为国共合作的政治基础。
【答案】 C3.新三民主义中的民族主义的最大特点是明确提出() A.反对民族压迫B.反对封建统治C.反对帝国主义D.反对满洲贵族【解析】本题主要考查学生的知识再现能力和比较能力。
解题的关键在于要掌握旧三民主义和新三民主义中关于民族主义的不同。
新三民主义提出明确反帝主张,故C项正确。
【答案】 C 学+科+4.(原创题)右面竖排文字是毛泽东对新三民主义的评价,下列对新三民主义性质表述最准确的是() 学.科.A.资产阶级民主革命纲领B.无产阶级民主革命纲领C.中国人民的反帝斗争纲领D.各革命阶级的斗争纲领学科网ZXXK]【解析】新三民主义吸收了中共的合理见解,但与中共的革命纲领有着本质区别,因而不是无产阶级的革命纲领,也不会是包括无产阶级在内的所有革命阶级所共有的革命纲领,新三民主义虽然是对三民主义的发展,但并未超出资产阶级民主革命的范畴。
2011届高考第一轮总复习高考满分练兵场:10-2
2011届高考第一轮总复习满分练兵场第10单元第2课时一、选择题1.如图事件发生的历史背景是()①经济危机造成日本国内各种矛盾激化②蒋介石国民政府坚持内战给帝国主义以可乘之机③德国法西斯与日本法西斯打出反共产国际旗号④英法的绥靖政策助长了日本的侵略气焰A.①②B.①②③C.②③④D.①②③④【解析】本题考查学生读图、分析问题的能力。
注意题干限定的“背景”,符合要求的必须发生在1931年九一八事变之前。
③和④均发生在九一八事变之后,故排除,选A。
【答案】 A2.(2009·湖南师大附中模拟)1932年,日本威逼利诱我国优秀短跑健将刘长春代表伪满洲国参国当年的奥运会,刘长春严词拒绝,最后在张学良等的资助下,孤身一人参加了在美国洛杉矶举行的第10届奥运会。
刘长春严词拒绝日本的理由最有可能有()A.伪满洲国复辟帝制,冒天下之大不韪B.伪满洲国为虎作伥,镇压抗日联军C.中国人不应该代表外国参加奥运会D.满洲乃中国领土的一部分,应该代表中国参加而不是伪满洲国【解析】本题考查学生理解材料的能力。
从材料提供信息来看,刘长春之所以拒绝代表伪满洲国参加奥运会是因为东北是中国领土不可分割的一部分,应该代表的是中国而不是伪满洲国,A、B两项在材料中没有体现,C项叙述错误。
【答案】 D3.(2009·黄冈模拟)九一八事变后,爱国民主人士和国民党内爱国力量不满蒋介石对日妥协的政策,纷纷举起抗日反蒋的旗帜,他们()①成立东北抗日联军②成立中国民权保障同盟③组织察哈尔民众抗日同盟军④在福建成立人民革命政府A.①②③B.②③④C.①③④D.①②③④【解析】①项是中共的抗日活动。
②③④项是爱国民主人士和国民党内爱国力量的抗日活动。
【答案】 B4.下列四位抗日英烈的活动,反映出20世纪30年代抗日救亡运动兴起的特点有()①地域范围广,遍及全国②国民党的分化③社会阶层广泛④抗日与反蒋相结合A.①②③④B.②③④C.①②④D.①②③【解析】马占山、蔡廷锴血战大江南北,故①正确;在民族矛盾激化情况下,爱国将领蔡廷锴在福建成立“中华共和国人民革命政府”,宣布反蒋抗日,故②正确;马占山代表的是东北抗日义勇军,杨杏佛代表的是民主党派,蔡廷锴代表的是国民党爱国将领,杨靖宇代表的是中国共产党领导的抗日联军,故③正确;这些抗日活动将抗击日本帝国主义侵略与反对蒋介石不抵抗政策结合在一起,故④正确。
【珍藏精品】2011届高考第一轮总复习高考满分练兵场:阶段性测试4(含听力版)
2011届高考第一轮总复习满分练兵场高一册13~16单元阶段测试Ⅰ.听力理解(共两节,满分30分)(略)Ⅱ.单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)21.—Have you finished the plan?—Yes, and it ______ by the experts for three times.A. was being studiedB. has studiedC. has been studiedD. studied22.—Hilary, I think I’ll just have some coffee for a change.—______. The coffee I bought yesterday is in the cupboard.A. Coffee would be betterB. Change it, pleaseC. So do ID. Help yourself23.—Jack fell off a ladder yesterday, but he’s all right.—He’s lucky. He ______ himself badly.A. could woundB. could have hurtC. could hurtD. could have wounded24.______ or you will fail; ______ would be the situation you face.A. Try hard; soB. Do n’t lose heart; whichC. Go all out; suchD. Keep up your courage; as25.—Hello, Mr. Ball. Do come in.—All right. Just for a minute. I came to ______ you a message.A. takeB. leaveC. giveD. write26.There aren’t enough chairs for the meeting. We need ______ again.A. half manyB. half as manyC. many halfD. as half many27.—I’ll give you £500 for the car.—______.A. DoneB. No questionC. Sounds a good ideaD. Wonderful28.We have reached the point ______ a change is needed.A. whichB. whenC. thatD. where29.______ when these paintings were done, they are in excellent condition.[来源:Z+xx+]A. ConsideringB. ConsideredC. Having consideredD. Being considered30.______ some of the wine—perhaps you will enjoy it.A. TryingB. TryC. To tryD. Have tried31.—Oh, where is my wallet? Maybe I left it in the car.—You ______ things behind!A. are always leavingB. were leavingC. have leftD. always leave32.My daughter often makes a schedule to get herself ______ of what she is to do in the day.A. remindB. to remindC. remindedD. reminding33.Even though we have made much progress in preventing pollution, yet much ______.A. is remained to doB. remains to doC. remains to be doneD. is remained to be done34.—Do you consider it any good ______ the test again?—I think so.A. to be madeB. to makeC. madeD. making35.—My stomach ______ a lot. I guess that’s because I didn’t eat my breakfast.—It won’t ______ you if you miss breakfast for once.A. hurts; hurtB. harms; hurtC. injures; harmD. wounds; injure[答案]21.C。
【珍藏精品】2011届高考第一轮总复习高考满分练兵场:阶段性测试10(无听力版)
2011届高考第一轮总复习总分值练兵场高二册13~16单元阶段测试Ⅰ.语音知识(共5小题;每题1分,总分值5分)(2009·湖北省八校第一次联考)1.stone A. improve B. loseC. stoveD. movement2.encourage A. mankind B. anxiousC. tongueD. sing3.please A. pleasure B. sweaterC. reallyD. breathe4.silver A. tiny B. prettyC. silentD. elect5course A. cheese B. blouseC. housesD. purse[答案]1—5 CADBDⅡ.单项填空(共15小题;每题1分,总分值15分)6.“Never ______ to hurt your feeling while I was expressing myself in the discussion.”explained Jim.A. I expectedB. expected I[来源:]C. had I expectedD. did I expect7.There are few electronic applications ______ to raise fears regarding future employment opportunities(时机) than robots.A. likelyB. more likelyC. most likelyD. much likely8.—Would you like to take a walk with us?—Sorry, I am too busy to ______.A. put awayB. run awayC. get awayD. break away9.It was the four years from 2005—2008, ______ I spent studying for a master’s degree, ______ I will never forget.A. when; thatB. when; whenC. that; thatD. which; that10.The mother ______ when she heard the news, but quickly recovered.A. broke outB. broke inC. broke upD. broke down11.In my opinion, rain is ______ but not ______ before we get home.A. possible; probableB. probable; possibleC. possible; likelyD. likely; possible12.It’s a common belief that theory should by no means be ______ from practice.A. dividedB. separatedC. separateD. dividing13.How strange! Have you noticed something ______ today?A. usualB. commonC. normalD. unusual14.The twin tower fell down; it ______ a huge piece of chocolate had been melted down.A. was as ifB. look ed likeC. was likelyD. looked as15.Not a single word ______ at the meeting yesterday.A. he saidB. said heC. did he sayD. he didn’t say16.Pakistan does not ______ the possibility of a war starting with India, but promises to do everything it can to reduce tensions.A. give outB. send outC. turn outD. rule out17.—It’s five years since I wasn’t a singer?—Not really! ______?A. Are you a singerB. How’s thatC. What do you meanD. Is it a strange idea18.The women’s club ______ Lin, a foreign company employee who used to pay little attention to her appearance, to improve her dress style and become more confident and open-minded.A. enabledB. had enabledC. has enabledD. enables19.______ China’s reform(改革) and opening up in late 1978, its quick development has aroused worldwide attention.A. WhenB. AsC. WhileD. Since20.After staying in hospital for long, the patient was advised to go to the seaside to ______ his health.A. take upB. pick upC. carry upD. make up[答案]6.D。
【珍藏精品】2011届高考第一轮总复习高考满分练兵场:高三册Units11-12
2011届高考第一轮总复习满分练兵场高三册Units11-12Ⅰ.单词拼写1.I like the ______(职业) of teaching, but I don’t like the low pay.2.Having the ______(名誉) of being honest, responsible and reliable will make other people trust you.3.With the improvement of people’s living standard, an increasing ______(百分比) of the population own their cars.4.Although the present situation is far from satisfactory, it is ______(暂时的).5.I’m used to asking my pupils to make a ______(总结) of what I have taught them every day.6.How many students are ______(缺课) from class today?7.The ______(趋势) of our own day is towards firm, solid, verifiable knowledge.8.The Minister ______(辞职) from office last week.9.I was ______(尴尬) by his comments about my clothes.10.David gets along quite well with his ______(同事).[答案]1.profession 2.reputation 3.percentage 4.temporary 5.summary 6.absent7.tendency 8.resigned9.embarrassed10.colleaguesⅠ.完成句子(湖北专用)1.Whatever he learned, he ____________(应用) his work.2.I ______________(和我父母商量好了) that we could borrow their car for the trip.3.By the way, you ____________(还是早点来这儿).4.His teacher ____________(说他考试作弊).5.Your suggestion ____________(值得考虑).6.How can I ____________ for all your kindness?(报答你)7.Bulgaria ____________ in 1908.(保加利亚于1908年宣布独立)8.____________ is not a materialist.(谁要是否定这一点,就不是一个唯物主义者)9.______________(在世人眼里) he is an honest man through-out.10.The old woman had no child, ____________(到处行乞).[答案]1.applied to2.arranged with my parents3.might as well come here earlier4.accused him of cheating in the examination5.is worth considering/is worthy of consideration6.pay you back7.declared her independence8.Whoever denies this9.In the eyes of the world10.going about beggingⅡ.单项填空1.It is learned from the Public Security Ministry that in 2007, 327,209 road accidents occurred, ______ 81,649 deaths.A. resulted inB. resulting inC. resulted fromD. resulting from2.On the surface, it seemed absurd, but ______,it was the truth.A. in detailB. in shortC. in realityD. in all3.The film tells the story of a man, ______ to deliver the mail on foot to the district of Lingshi.A. it is his jobB. his job isC. it is whose jobD. whose job is4.The polar ice cap ______ at the rate of 9% per decade as a result of global warming.A. has declinedB. is declinedC. is decliningD. will be declined5.Young adults ______ older people are more likely to prefer pop songs.A. other thanB. or ratherC. rather thanD. more than6.If you ______ it, your performance will gradually get better.A. insist onB. stick outC. stick withD. used to7.—Tonny, I’m going to get married next month.—______!A. CongratulationB. Celebrate youC. CongratulateD. Congratulations8.The temple is still in excellent condition, ______ that it was built 600 years ago.A. consideringB. concerningC. regardingD. supposing9.______,the condition will eventually result in blindness.A. If left untreatedB. Unless left untreatedC. If leaving untreatedD. Unless leaving untreated10.She was at a point in her life ______ her work didn’t really excite her any more.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. in which11.When he woke up, he found his watch gone. It seemed that he suspected me ______ it.A. to stealB. stealC. of stealingD. stealing12.—How about eight o’clock outside the cinema?—That ______ me fine.A. fitsB. meetsC. satisfiesD. suits13.Please don’ t be ______ by the text messages saying that you have won a shocking prize.A. taken offB. taken outC. taken awayD. taken in14.My English teacher is very strict ______ us ______ our compositions.A. with; withB. with; inC. in; inD. in; with15.(2010·安徽师大附中摸底)—Michael was late for Mr. Smith’s oral class this morning.—______?As far as I know, he never came late to class.A. How comeB. So whatC. Why notD. What for[答案]1.B。
【珍藏精品】2011届高考第一轮总复习高考满分练兵场:阶段性测试15(含听力版)
2011届高考第一轮总复习满分练兵场阶段性测试十五(含听力版)高三册9~12单元阶段测试Ⅰ.听力理解(共两节,满分30分)(略)Ⅱ.单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)21.John tried hard to find a job in the sales department, but he had no ______.A. chanceB. timeC. moneyD. luck22.—Are you coming to Jeff’s party?—I’m not sure. I ______ go to the concert instead.A. mustB. wouldC. shouldD. might23.The news was a terrible blow to her, but she will ______ the shock soon.A. get outB. get throughC. get offD. get over24.Actually, girls can be ______ they want to be just like boys, whether it is a pilot, an astronaut, or a general manager.A. whereverB. howeverC. whateverD. whoever25.Off to the east, the sky looked pale enough to ______ the storm would be passing quickly.A. suggestB. report[C. proveD. expect26.—Is your grandpa still with you?—No. He still prefers to live in the small mountain village ______ all its disadvantages.A. forB. exceptC. withD. to27.Lily’s mobile phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never ______ again.A. to findB. to be foundC. findingD. being found28.______ he met with the difficulty did he realize the importance of our help.A. Even thoughB. Never untilC. Only beforeD. Ever since29.—I think the company may not offer you a good pay.—______,I won’t take the job.A. That is to sayB. What is moreC. In other wordsD. In that case30.In some people’s opinions, the ______ powerful the country becomes, the ______ pleasant it is to live in.A. most; fewerB. more; fewerC. more; lessD. most; less31.After the typhoon Long Wang, the local government did everything it could ______ the people in the stricken areas.A. helping outB. help outC. helped outD. to help out32.—I like literature and music.—You said. As is seen from your school report, you know little of mathematics, and ______ of physics.A. the same asB. as little asC. still lessD. the least33.Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I ______ your advice.A. followB. would followC. had followedD. have followed34.______ the eve of the Spring Festival, the evening show was broadcast live on CCTC-1, ______ brought great pleasure to the whole nation.A. On, thatB. At, whichC. In, whatD. On, which35.To be well fit the job, ______.A. a good knowledge of physics is neededB. one needs to have a good knowledge of physicsC. it is required that one should have a good knowledge of physicsD. a good knowledge of physics is important[答案]21.D。
【珍藏精品】2011届高考第一轮总复习高考满分练兵场:第一部分1-2
2011届高考第一轮总复习满分练兵场第一部分第1单元考点2一、单项选择题(2009·上海)地形等高线的弯曲与疏密蕴含着许多关于地形的信息。
下图是某地区等高线地形示意图。
读图,回答1~2题。
1.图中所示地区山脊的基本走向为1() A.东北——西南向B.东西向C.西北——东南向D.南北向【解析】根据山脊概念——等高线弯曲部分指向低处,结合等高线图即可判断山脊基本上呈东北—西南走向。
【答案】 A2.图示山体主峰的西北坡地形特征是() A.上、下部均陡峭B.上部较陡,下部较缓C.上、下部均平缓D.上部较缓,下部较陡【解析】等高线越密集坡度越陡,结合西北坡的等高线密集程度判断即可。
【答案】 B(2009·天津)读下面我国北方某区域等高线地形图,回答3~4题。
3.甲成为图中区域规模最大的村落和集市,最主要的条件是() A.地处河流上游,水质良好B.周围地貌多样,风景优美C.地形平坦开阔,交通方便D.背靠丘陵缓坡,滑坡很少【解析】图示显示甲处地处宽阔河谷地带,地势平坦,交通便利,这是甲成为该区域最大村落和集市的最主要条件。
【答案】 C4.地质队员发现乙处有金矿出露,考虑流水的侵蚀、搬运作用,能找到沙金(沉积物中的细小金粒)的地方是() A.a B.b C.c D.d【解析】等高线凸向高处为河谷,显然乙位于河谷上游,d则位于同一条河谷的谷口处,且地势平坦,以流水沉积作用为主,能找到沙金。
【答案】 D5.(2009·江西5月)下图为“2008北京奥运火炬登上珠穆朗玛峰的线路图”。
下列表述正确的是()[来源:]A.登山线路大体沿宽谷、山脊走向B.登山线路大体沿谷地走向C.C4营地至突击营地段线路的平均坡度最小D.四个营地中的前进营地所在处的大气含氧量最低【解析】依据等高线图可看出,登山线路主要沿宽谷和山脊走向;C4营地至突击营地段等高线密集,坡度较陡;海拔越高,空气越稀薄,大气含氧量越低。
2011届高考第一轮总复习满分练兵场
2011届高考第一轮总复习满分练兵场一、选择题1.如图甲、乙、丙中,除导体棒ab 可动外,其余部分均固定不动,甲图中的电容器C 原来不带电.设导体棒、导轨和直流电源的电阻均可忽略,导体棒和导轨间的摩擦也不计,图中装置均在水平面内,且都处于方向垂直水平面(即纸面)向下的匀强磁场中,导轨足够长.现给导体棒ab 一个向右的初速度v 0,在甲、乙、丙三种情形下导体棒ab 的最终运动状态是 ( )A .三种情形下导体棒ab 最终都做匀速运动B .甲、丙中,ab 棒最终将以不同速度做匀速运动;乙中,ab 棒最终静止C .甲、丙中,ab 棒最终将以相同速度做匀速运动;乙中,ab 棒最终静止D .三种情形下导体棒ab 最终都静止 [答案] B[解析] 甲图中ab 棒运动后给电容器充电,当充电完成后,棒以一个小于v 0的速度向右匀速运动.乙图中构成了回路,最终棒的动能完全转化为电热,棒停止运动.丙图中棒先向右减速为零,然后反向加速至匀速.故正确选项为B.2.长为4L 的粗细均匀的金属杆围成一个正方形闭合框架,框架放在光滑的水平桌面上,另一根长为L 的同种材料、同样粗细的金属杆搁在其上,如图所示.匀强磁场垂直穿过框架平面,不计一切摩擦.当直杆ab 获得一个初速度沿框架从左向右运动的过程中( )A .任一时刻ab 杆的加速度大小均是框架加速度大小的4倍B .任一时刻ab 杆的加速度方向均和框架的加速度方向相同C .ab 杆对地做匀减速运动,框架对地做匀加速运动D .任一时刻ab 杆的发热功率均是框架发热功率的14[答案] A[解析] 任一时刻ab 和框架所受的安培力大小相等、方向相反,由于ab 质量只有框架质量的1/4,故ab 杆的加速度大小是框架加速度大小的4倍,A 正确,B 错误.由于安培力大小变化,ab 杆和框架的加速度是变化的,C 错.ab 杆在框架上滑动时,框架的等效电阻不断变化,D 错误.3.如图所示,闭合金属线框从一定高度自由下落进入匀强磁场中,磁场足够大,从ab 边开始进入磁场到cd 边刚进入磁场的这段时间内,线框运动的速度—时间图象不可能是( )[答案] B[解析] 当ab 边刚进入磁场时,若线框所受安培力等于重力,则线框在从ab 边开始进入磁场到cd 边刚进入磁场前做匀速运动,故A 是可能的;当ab 边刚进入磁场时,若线框所受安培力小于重力,则线框做加速度逐渐减小的加速运动,最后可能做匀速运动,故C 情况也可能;当ab 边刚进入磁场时,若线框所受安培力大于重力,则线框做加速度逐渐减小的减速运动,最后可能做匀速运动,故D 可能;线框在磁场中不可能做匀变速运动,故B 项是不可能的,应选B.4.(2009·浙江台州)如图所示,两光滑平行导轨水平放置在匀强磁场中,磁场垂直导轨所在平面,金属棒ab 可沿导轨自由滑动,导轨一端跨接一个定值电阻R ,导轨电阻不计.现将金属棒沿导轨由静止向右拉,若保持拉力F 恒定,经时间t 1后速度为v ,加速度为a 1,最终以速度2v 做匀速运动;若保持拉力的功率P 恒定,棒由静止经时间t 2后速度为v ,加速度为a 2,最终也以速度2v 做匀速运动,则 ( )A .t 2=t 1B .t 1>t 2C .a 2=2a 1D .a 2=3a 1 [答案] BD[解析] 若保持拉力F 恒定,在t 1时刻,棒ab 切割磁感线产生的感应电动势为E =BL v ,其所受安培力F B =BIL =B 2L 2v R ,由牛顿第二定律,有F -B 2L 2v R =ma 1;由题意,棒最终以2v 做匀速运动,则F =2B 2L 2v R ,故a 1=B 2L 2v mR.若保持拉力的功率P 恒定,在t 2时刻,有P v -B 2L 2v R =ma 2;棒最终也以2v 做匀速运动,则P 2v =2B 2L 2vR ,故a 2=3B 2L 2v mR=3a 1,选项D 正确,C 错误;由以上分析可知,在瞬时速度相同的情况下,恒力F 作用时棒产生的加速度比拉力的功率P 恒定时产生的加速度小,故t 1>t 2,选项B 正确,A 错误.5.如图所示,一个边长为a 、电阻为R 的等边三角形线框,在外力作用下,以速度v 匀速穿过宽均为a 的两个匀强磁场.这两个磁场的磁感应强度大小相等,方向相反.线框的运动方向与底边平行且与磁场边缘垂直,取逆时针方向的电流为正.若从图示位置开始计时,关于线框中产生的感应电流i 与运动时间t 之间的函数图象,正确的是 ( )[答案] A[解析] 根据楞次定律,电流应先为逆时针,故B 错;当线框同时在两个磁场中切割磁感线的时候,形成同向电流,所以峰值应为谷值的一半,C 错;根据公式ε=BL v sin θ可知ε∝L ,故图象应为分段线性函数,故A 正确,D 错误.6.(2010·浙江省部分重点中学联考)如图a 所示,在光滑水平面上用恒力F 拉质量为m 的单匝均匀正方形铜线框,边长为a ,在1位置以速度v 0进入磁感应强度为B 的匀强磁场并开始计时t =0,若磁场的宽度为b (b >3a ),在3t 0时刻线框到达2位置速度又为v 0并开始离开匀强磁场.此过程中v -t 图象如图b 所示,则 ( )A .t =0时,线框右侧边MN 的两端电压为Ba v 0B .在t 0时刻线框的速度为v 0-Ft 0mC .线框完全离开磁场的瞬间(位置3)的速度一定比t 0时刻线框的速度大D .线框从进入磁场(位置1)到完全离开磁场(位置3)的过程中产生的电热为2Fb [答案] D[解析] t =0时,线框右侧边MN 的两端电压为外电压,为34Ba v 0,A 项错误;从t 0时刻至3t 0时刻线框做匀加速运动,加速度为F m ,故在t 0时刻的速度为v 0-2at 0=v 0-2Ft 0m,B 项错误;因为t =0时刻和t =3t 0时刻线框的速度相等,进入磁场和穿出磁场的过程中受力情况相同,故在位置3时的速度与t 0时刻的速度相等,C 项错误;线框在位置1和位置3时的速度相等,根据动能定理,外力做的功等于克服安培力做的功,即有Fb =Q ,所以线框穿过磁场的整个过程中,产生的电热为2Fb ,D 项正确.7.如图所示,相距为d 的两条水平虚线L 1、L 2之间是方向水平向里的匀强磁场,磁感应强度为B ,质量为m 、电阻为R 的正方形线圈abcd 边长为L (L <d ),将线圈在磁场上方高h 处由静止释放,cd 边刚进入磁场时速度为v 0,cd 边刚离开磁场时速度也为v 0,则线圈穿越磁场的过程中(从cd 边刚入磁场一直到ab 边刚离开磁场) ( )A .感应电流做功为mglB .感应电流做功为2mgdC .线圈的最小速度可能为mgRB 2L 2D .线圈的最小速度一定为2g (h +L -d ) [答案] BCD[解析] 根据cd 边刚进入磁场和cd 边刚离开磁场时速度大小相等,对这一过程应用动能定理可得线圈进入磁场的过程克服安培力做功为mgd ,出磁场的过程同样要克服安培力做功mgd ,所以总共产生电能2mgd ,则感应电流做功2mgd ,所以A 错误、B 正确;若进入过程中出现匀速运动情况,则安培力与重力相等⎝⎛⎭⎫mg =B 2L 2v min R ,所以存在最小速度为mgRB 2L2的可能,C 正确;对整个过程应用动能定理可得D 正确.8.如图所示,ab 、cd 是固定在竖直平面内的足够长的金属框架.除bc 段电阻为R ,其余电阻均不计,ef 是一条不计电阻的金属杆,杆两端与ab 和cd 接触良好且能无摩擦下滑,下滑时ef 始终处于水平位置,整个装置处于垂直框面的匀强磁场中,ef 从静止下滑,经过一段时间后闭合开关S ,则在闭合S 后 ( )A .ef 的加速度可能大于gB .闭合S 的时刻不同,ef 的最终速度也不同C .闭合S 的时刻不同,ef 最终匀速运动时电流的功率也不同D .ef 匀速下滑时,减少的机械能等于电路消耗的电能 [答案] AD[解析] 闭合前,ef 自由落体,到闭合时,设瞬时速度为v ,此时ef 所受安培力F 安=B 2l 2vR,F 安可能出现大于2mg的情况,故A 正确.不同时刻闭合S ,可能会出现三种情况:(1)F 安=mg 时,ef 正好从此时匀速运动,速度v =mgRB 2l2(2)F 安<mg 时,ef 加速至F 安=mg 后再匀速运动,此时速度v =mgRB 2l 2(3)F 安>mg 时,ef 减速至F 安=mg 后再匀速运动,此时速度v =mgRB 2l2.所以最终速度v =mgR B 2l 2及最大功率P =E 2R =B 2l 2v2R与S 闭合时刻无关.匀速下滑时重力势能→电能→内能.所以应选A 、D.二、非选择题9.由于国际空间站的运行轨道上各处的地磁场强弱及方向均有所不同,所以在运行过程中,穿过其外壳的地磁场的磁通量将不断变化,这样将会导致________现象发生,从而消耗国际空间站的能量.为了减少这类消耗,国际空间站的外壳材料的电阻率应尽可能________(填“大”或“小”)一些.[答案] 电磁感应 大[解析] 电阻率较大,电阻也较大,同样的电磁感应现象,产生的电动势一定,由P =U 2R可知,电阻较大时,消耗的电功率较小,可以减少能量消耗.10.(2009·合肥市一模)如图所示,光滑的金属导轨间距为L ,导轨平面与水平面成α角,导轨下端接有阻值为R 的电阻,质量为m 的金属细杆ab 与绝缘轻质弹簧相连静止在导轨上,弹簧劲度系数为k ,上端固定,弹簧与导轨平面平行,整个装置处在垂直于导轨平面斜向上的匀强磁场中,磁感应强度为B .现给杆一沿导轨向下的初速度v 0,杆向下运动至速度为零后,再沿导轨平面向上运动达最大速度,大小为v 1,然后减速为零,再沿导轨平面向下运动……一直往复运动到静止(导轨与金属细杆的电阻忽略不计).试求:(1)细杆获得初速度瞬间,通过R 的电流大小; (2)当杆速度为v 1时离最初静止时位置的距离L 1;(3)杆由初速度v 0开始运动直到最后静止,电阻R 上产生的焦耳热Q .[答案] (1)BL v 0R (2)B 2L 2v 1kR (3)12m v 20[解析] (1)由E =BL v 0;I 0=ER 可得I 0=BL v 0R.(2)设杆最初静止不动时弹簧伸长x 0,kx 0=mg sin α当杆的速度为v 1时弹簧伸长x 1,kx 1=mg sin α+BI 1L此时I 1=BL v 1R ,L 1=x 1-x 0 得L 1=B 2L 2v 1kR.(3)杆最后静止时,杆在初始位置,由能量守恒可得Q =12m v 2011.(2010·潍坊)如图甲所示,平行金属导轨竖直放置,导轨间距为L =1m ,上端接有电阻R 1=3Ω,下端接有电阻R 2=6Ω,虚线OO ′下方是垂直于导轨平面的匀强磁场.现将质量m =0.1kg 、电阻不计的金属杆ab ,从OO ′上方某处垂直导轨由静止释放,杆下落0.2m 过程中始终与导轨保持良好接触,加速度a 与下落距离h 的关系图象如图乙所示.求:(1)磁感应强度B ;(2)杆下落0.2m 过程中通过电阻R 2的电荷量q . [答案] (1)2T (2)0.05C[解析] (1)由图象知,杆自由下落距离是0.05m ,当地重力加速度g =10m/s 2,则杆进入磁场时的速度v =2gh =1m/s ①由图象知,杆进入磁场时加速度a =-g =-10m/s 2② 由牛顿第二定律得mg -F 安=ma ③ 回路中的电动势E =BL v ④杆中的电流I =ER 并⑤R 并=R 1R 2R 1+R 2⑥F 安=BIL =B 2L 2vR 并⑦得B =2mgR 并L 2v=2T ⑧ (2)杆在磁场中运动产生的平均感应电动势E =ΔφΔt ⑨杆中的平均电流I =E R 并⑩通过杆的电荷量Q =I ·Δt ⑪通过R 2的电量q =13Q =0.05C ⑫12.(2009·北京一模)如图(甲)所示,abcd 是位于竖直平面内的正方形闭合金属线框,金属线框的质量为m ,电阻为R ,在金属线框的下方有一匀强磁场区,MN 和M ′N ′是匀强磁场区域的水平边界,并与线框的bc 边平行,磁场方向与线框平面垂直,现金属线框由距MN 的某一高度从静止开始下落,图(乙)是金属线框由开始下落到完全穿过匀强磁场区域瞬间的速度—时间图象,图象中坐标轴上所标出的字母均为已知量,求:(1)金属线框的边长;(2)磁场的磁感应强度大小;(3)金属线框在整个下落过程中所产生的热量.[答案] (1)v 1(t 2-t 1) (2)1v 1(t 2-t 1)mgRv 1(3)2mg v 1(t 2-t 1)+12m (v 23-v 22) [解析] (1)金属线框进入磁场过程中做匀速直线运动,速度为v 1,运动时间为t 2-t 1,所以金属线框的边长为L =v 1(t 2-t 1).(2)在金属线框进入磁场的过程中,金属线框所受安培力等于重力mg =BIL I =BL v 1R∴B =1v 1(t 2-t 1)mgRv 1.(3)金属线框进入磁场过程中产生热量Q 1,出磁场时产生热量Q 2Q 1=mgL Q 2=mgL +⎝⎛⎭⎫12m v 23-12m v 22∴Q 总=Q 1+Q 2=2mg v 1(t 2-t 1)+12m (v 23-v 22) 13.如图甲所示,平行导轨水平放置固定在磁感应强度为1T 的匀强磁场中,磁场方向垂直导轨所在平面,导轨一端跨接阻值为R =1Ω的定值电阻,质量为0.2kg 的金属棒MN 可沿水平导轨滑动(其他电阻不计),导轨与棒间的动摩擦因数为0.5,用电动机D 牵引MN 从静止开始运动,其运动的位移—时间图象如图乙所示,此后,电压表和电流表示数恒为7V 和1A ,电动机内阻为1Ω,g 取10m/s 2.求(1)匀强磁场的宽度;(2)金属棒在变速运动过程中R 上产生的焦耳热. [答案] (1)1m (2)2.6J[解析] (1)由s -t 图象看出,金属棒经过1s 向右移动s =1.0m 时获得稳定速度v ,v =Δs Δt =1.00.5m/s =2m/s ,设此时绳对棒的拉力为F T ,棒所受安培力为F ,则F T -μmg -F =0,F =I 1LB ,I 1=ER,E =BL v此时绳拉力的功率P T 与电动机的输出功率相等,即 F T v =IU -I 2r ,联立以上各式得L =1m(2)由能量守恒定律得(IU -I 2r )t =μmgs +12m v 2+Q代入数据得Q =4.6J。
【珍藏精品】2011届高考第一轮总复习高考满分练兵场:阶段性测试3(湖北专用)
2011届高考第一轮总复习满分练兵场阶段性测试三(湖北专用)高一册9~12单元阶段测试Ⅰ.听力理解(共两节,满分30分)(略)Ⅱ.多项选择(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)21.Not that I’m unwilling to go with you, ______ I’m busy now.A. becauseB. butC. but thatD. however22.—Has the football match just started?—Just started? It must be clear who ______ by now.A. is winningB. winsC. has wonD. would win23.—You’ve made great progress in your study of English, haven’t you?—Yes, but much ______.A. remains to doB. is remained to doC. remains to de doneD. is remained to be done24.______ running, learning English needs will.A. As withB. As toC. As forD. As if25.—Does he know how to work out the problem?—Yes, he has ______ a good idea to solve it.A. caught up withB. kept up withC. come up withD. put up with26.—Did you meet with the famous space hero, Yang Liwei?—______ I had come here earlier!A. If onlyB. If notC. But forD. For fear27.—I hear that as many as 150 people were killed in the storm.—Yes, ______ news came as ______ shock to me.A. the, theB. the, aC. a, theD. a, a28.—We need a person badly to think up such an idea.—______ the newcomer have a try?A. ShallB. MayC. ShouldD. Need29.—Will Thursday or Friday ______ you?—Either will ______.A. fit, beB. fit, OKC. suit, all rightD. suit, do30.The investigation is sure to ______ some surprising things, which we have never thought of.A. bring forwardB. bring upC. bring inD. bring out[答案]21.C。
2011届高考第一轮总复习练兵场-阶段性测试[13]
2011届高考第一轮总复习满分练兵场高三册1~4单元阶段测试Ⅰ.语音知识(共5小题;每小题1分,满分5分)(2009·河南第一学期期末)1.climb A. comb B. doubleC. clubD. breathe2.country A. doubt B. ploughC. cousinD. ought3.stomach A. sandwich B. ChristmasC. churchD. machine4.purse A. surround B. surpriseC. purposeD. hurry5.achieve A. police B. friendC. coffeeD. movie1—5 ACBCAⅡ.单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)6.It was in Beihai Park ______ they made a date for the first time ______ the old couple told us their love story.A. where; thatB. that; thatC. where; whenD. that; when7.After the flood, the villagers are trying their best to get things back to ______.A. usualB. ordinaryC. normalD. common8.—Look, the door is open. You must have forgotten to lock it when you left.—Oh, ______.A. so have IB. so did IC. so I didD. so it was9.—Have you got used to the Chinese food, Robert?—Yes. But I don’t like ______ when a Chinese host keeps serving me the food I don’t like.A. thisB. thatC. thoseD. it10.Yesterday I received some Christmas cards from my former students, ______ made me very happy.A. thatB. whoC. whichD. what11.—Shall Harry come and play computer games?—No, ______ he has finished his homework.A. whenB. ifC. unlessD. once12.—Has Dr. Green left the hotel yet?—Yes, he ______ just about ten minutes ago.A. passed awayB. pulled outC. checked outD. checked in13.—Who was the first man on the moon?—I have no idea who ______.A. the first man on the moon wasB. was the first man on the moonC. if the first man on the moon wasD. whether the first man on the moon was14.—Guess what? I drove my new car at a speed of 100 km this afternoon. It was fun.—Were you crazy? You ______ yourself!A. can killB. might killC. would have killedD. could have killed15.—Your son bought a new MP4 last week.—______?That’s his third one in just two months. Am I right?A. Had heB. Has heC. Did heD. Does he16.The winner of the Grand Slams said that he had owed his success to many people, his parents ______.A. after allB. b y chanceC. on purposeD. in particular17.According to a new survey, every year about ______ dollars is spent to look after people with illness caused by smoking.A. 30 millions ofB. 30 million ofC. 30 millionsD. 30 million18.I knew I shouldn’t accept anything from such a person, but I found it difficult to turn down his ______.A. planB. offerC. suggestionD. request19.—What do you think of the work Tom has done recently?—I feel ______ that the work shouldn’t have been done so carelessly.A. badlyB. directlyC. stronglyD. hard ly20.I ad vise you to take school more seriously, otherwise you’ll have to go out and work ______.A. as a resultB. now and thenC. in a wordD. at that moment6.A。
2011届高考第一轮总复习满分练兵场
2011届高考第一轮总复习满分练兵场选修3-4 第5讲一、选择题1.用单色光做双缝干涉实验,下述说法正确的是( )A .相邻干涉条纹之间的距离相等B .中央明条纹宽度是两边明条纹宽度的2倍C .屏与双缝之间距离减小,则屏上条纹间的距离增大D .在实验装置不变的情况下,红光的条纹间距小于蓝光的条纹间距 [答案] A[解析] 因为相邻两条亮线(或暗线)间的距离Δx =Ld λ,其中d 为两个缝间的距离,L 为缝到屏的距离,λ为光波波长,可见相邻干涉条纹之间的距离相等.A 正确,B 错误,C 错误.因为λ红>λ蓝,所以Δx 红>Δx 蓝,故D 也错误.2.分别使红光和紫光先后用同一装置进行双缝干涉实验,在屏上得到相邻的条纹间的距离分别为Δx 1和Δx 2,则 ( ) A .Δx 1<Δx 2 B .Δx 1>Δx 2C .若双缝间距d 减小,而其他条件保持不变,则Δx 1增大D .若双缝间距d 减小,而其他条件保持不变,则Δx 1不变 [答案] BC[解析] 由公式Δx =ld λ,因为λ红>λ紫,故红光的条纹间距大于紫光的,B 正确;当双缝间距d 减小,其他条件不变时,条纹间距应增大,故C 正确.3.某同学做测定玻璃折射率的实验时,用他测得的多组入射角θ1与折射角θ2作出sin θ1-sin θ2图象如图所示,下列判断正确的是 ( ) A .他做实验时,研究的是光线从空气射入玻璃的折射现象 B .玻璃的折射率为0.67 C .玻璃的折射率为1.5D .玻璃临界角的正弦值为0.67 [答案] ACD [解析]sin θ1sin θ2=10.67=1.5=n ,所以选项C 对,B 错.又θ1>θ2,所以,光线从空气射入介质,A 对.由sin C =1n=0.67,可知D 正确.4.在双缝干涉实验中,设单缝宽度为h ,双缝距离为d ,双缝与屏距离为l ,当采取下列四组数据中的哪一组时,可在光屏上观察到清晰可辨的干涉条纹 ( ) A .h =1cm d =0.1mm l =1m B .h =1cm d =0.1mm l =10mC .h =1cm d =10mm l =1mD .h =1mm d =0.1mm l =1m [答案] D[解析] 在双缝干涉实验中,要得到清晰的干涉条纹,由Δx =ld λ可知,必须满足单缝宽度和双缝之间的距离都很小,双缝到屏的距离足够大,故正确选项为D.5.用单摆测定重力加速度时,某同学测得的数值大于当地重力加速度的真实值,引起这一误差的可能原因是 ( ) A .摆球在水平面内做圆周运动 B .测量摆长时,漏测摆球直径C .测量周期时,当摆球通过平衡位置时启动秒表并数下“1”,直到第30次通过平衡位置时制动秒表,读出经历时间t ,得周期T =t /30,来进行计算D .单摆的最大摆角远大于10° [答案] AC[解析] 摆球在水平面内做圆锥摆动时,周期T =2πl cos θg,说明摆球做圆锥摆动时,它的周期小于同样摆长的单摆的周期,代入公式g =4π2l /T 2,因为T 减小,g 增大,故A 正确.漏测摆球直径和摆角偏大时,都会使得g 的测量值偏小,故B 、D 不对.而C 的周期算错了,按C 中方法T =t /15,所以测量的周期偏小,也使g 值偏大,C 也正确.二、非选择题6.在用单摆测定重力加速度的实验中,单摆的摆角φ应________,从摆球经过________开始计时,测出n 次全振动的时间为t ,用毫米刻度尺测出摆线长为L ,用游标卡尺测出摆球的直径为d .(1)用上述物理量的符号写出测重力加速度的一般表达式为g =________. (2)实验中某同学发现他测出的重力加速度值总是偏大,其原因可能是 ( ) A .实验室处在高山上,离海平面太高 B .单摆所用的摆球太重C .测出n 次全振动的时间为t ,误作为(n +1)次全振动的时间进行计算D .以摆球直径和摆线之和作为摆长来计算[答案] 小于10° 平衡位置 (1)4π2(L +d2)n 2t 2(2)CD[解析] 根据单摆做简谐运动条件知φ<10°;因平衡位置易判断,且经平衡位置速度大,用时少,误差小. (1)根据T =2πlg又T =t n l =L +d 2得g =4π2(L +d2)n 2t 2(2)由(1)知g 偏大的原因可能是T 偏小,l 偏大.7.用某种单色光做双缝干涉实验时,已知双缝间距离d 的大小恰好是下图中游标卡尺的读数如图丁,双缝到毛玻璃屏间距离l 的大小也由下图中毫米刻度尺读出,如图丙.实验时先移动测量头如图甲上的手轮,把分划线对准靠近最左边的一条明条纹如图乙所示,并记下螺旋测微器的读数x 1如图戊所示,然后转动手轮,把分划线向右边移动,直到对准第7条明条纹并记下螺旋测微器读数x 7如图己所示,由以上测量数据求得该单色光的波长为________.[答案] 8.01×10-7m[解析] 根据条纹宽度公式Δx =l d λ可知:波长λ=dl Δx .只要根据题目提供的数据就可求解,据图丁可直接读出d =0.25mm ,双缝到屏的距离由图丙读出l =749.0mm.条纹宽度可先读出7条条纹间距为(14.700-0.300)mm ,注意此为6个条纹宽度,即6Δx =14.400mm ,每条条纹宽度Δx =2.400mm.将以上数据代入得: λ=d Δx l =0.25×2.400749.0mm =8.01×10-7m8.某同学在测定一厚度均匀的圆形玻璃柱的折射率时,先在白纸上作一与玻璃圆柱同半径的圆,圆心为O ,将玻璃圆柱平放在白纸上,使其边界与所画的圆重合.在玻璃柱一侧竖直插两枚大头针P 1和P 2,在另一侧再先后插两个大头针P 3和P 4,使从另一侧隔着玻璃观察时,大头针P 3、P 4和P 2、P 1的像恰在一直线上,移去玻璃圆柱和大头针后,在白纸上得到图示,在上图中画出:(1)沿P 1、P 2连线方向的入射光线通过圆形玻璃后的传播方向. (2)光线在玻璃内的传播方向(3)在光线的入射点作法线,标出入射角i 和折射角r . (4)写出计算玻璃折射率的公式(不必计算). [答案] (1)(2)(3)略 (4)n =sin isin r[解析] 根据实验过程可知连结P 3、P 4点画直线,即光线P 1P 2经圆形玻璃后的传播光线.连结圆心O 和入射点作直线即入射点处的法线.根据折射定律可写出n =sin i sin r.9.在“用双缝干涉测光的波长”的实验中,装置如图所示.双缝间的距离d =3mm.(1)若测定红光的波长,应选用______色的滤光片.实验时需要测定的物理量有:______和________.(2)若测得双缝与屏之间距离为0.70m ,通过测量头(与螺旋测微器原理相似,手轮转动一周,分划板前进或后退0.500mm)观察到第1条亮纹的位置如图(a)所示,观察第5条亮纹的位置如图(b)所示.则可求出红光的波长λ=________m .(保留一位有效数字)[答案] (1)红 双缝到屏的距离L n 条亮(或暗)纹间距离a(2)7×10-7[解析] (1)测红光波长选红色滤光片,因为红色滤光片只能透过红光.(2)据Δx =Ld λ知,需测双缝到屏的距离L 和n 条亮(或暗)纹间距离a ,从而计算出条纹间距离Δx ,最后算出λ.10.用“插针法”测定透明半圆柱玻璃砖的折射率,O 为玻璃砖截面的圆心,使入射光线跟玻璃砖的平面垂直,如图所示的四个图中P 1、P 2、P 3和P 4是四个学生实验插针的结果(1)在这四个图中肯定把针插错了的是________.(2)在这四个图中可以比较准确地测出折射率的是________,计算玻璃的折射率的公式是________.[答案] (1)A (2)D n =sin θ1sin θ2[解析] (1)垂直射入半圆柱玻璃砖平面的光线,经玻璃砖折射后,折射光线不能与入射光线平行(除过圆心的光线),A 错.(2)测量较准确的是图D ,因B 图的入射光线经过圆心,出射光线没有发生折射,C 图的入射光线离圆心太近,射到圆界面上时,入射角太小不易测量,会产生较大的误差.测量出入射角与折射角后,由折射定律求出折射率n =sin θ1sin θ2.11.单摆测定重力加速度的实验中(1)实验时用20分度的游标卡尺测量摆球直径,示数如图甲所示,该摆球的直径d =________mm.(2)接着测量了摆线的长度为l 0,实验时用拉力传感器测得摆线的拉力F 随时间t 变化的图象如图乙所示,则重力加速度的表达式g =________(用题目中的物理量表示).(3)某小组改变摆线长度l 0,测量了多组数据.在进行数据处理时,甲同学把摆线长l 0作为摆长,直接利用公式求出各组重力加速度值再求出平均值;乙同学作出T 2-l 0图象后求出斜率,然后算出重力加速度.两同学处理数据的方法对结果的影响是:甲________,乙________(填“偏大”、“偏小”或“无影响”). [答案] (1)14.15mm (2)π2(l 0+12d )4t 20 (3)无影响 [解析] (1)从游标卡尺上读出摆球直径d =14.15mm (2)由F -t 图象,单摆周期T =4t 0,摆长l =l 0+d2根据T =2πlg ,g =π2(l 0+12d )4t 20(3)实验摆长为l 0+12d ,故甲同学测量结果偏小,而乙同学处理数据的方法对测量结果无影响.12.(2009·江苏南京模拟)如图所示,一半圆形玻璃砖外面插上P 1、P 2、P 3、P 4四枚大头针时,P 3、P 4恰可挡住P 1、P 2所成的像,则该玻璃砖的折射率n =________.有一同学把大头针插在P 1′和P 2′位置时,沿着P 4、P 3的方向看不到大头针的像,其原因是________________________________________________________________________.[答案] 1.73 经过P 1′P 2′的光线在MN 处发生全反射. [解析] (1)由图可知,当光由空气进入玻璃时,入射角θ1=60°, 折射角θ2=30°.所以n =sin θ1sin θ2=3=1.73.(2)当光由玻璃射入空气时,若θ1≥C ,则发生全反射,而sin C =1n =33,当针插在P 1′P 2′时,入射角θ=60°>C ,已发生全反射.13.(2009·广东珠海模拟)如图所示,是利用插针法测定玻璃砖折射率的一次实验光路图,PQ 为玻璃砖入射面的法线,MN 、EF 均垂直于法线PQ 并分别交于N 和E 点,入射点为O ,取OM =OF ,用刻度尺量出MN 、EF 的长度,则折射率n =MN /EF .改变入射角θ1的大小,重复以上实验,可量出MN 、EF 的多组数据.现有两位同学各设计了一个记录数据表格,而且都已完成了计算. 甲同学设计的表格是:乙同学设计的表格是:上述两位同学处理数据的方法正确的是________(填“甲”或“乙”或“都正确”). [答案] 乙[解析] 本题测的是折射率n ,应对每一次求得的折射率求平均值,而不是对长度或入射角、折射角的正 弦取平均值.14.某同学在做利用单摆测重力加速度的实验中,先测得摆线长78.50cm ,摆球直径2.0cm.然后将一个力电传感器接到计算机上,实验中测量快速变化的力,悬线上拉力F 的大小随时间t 的变化曲线如图所示.(1)该摆摆长为________cm. (2)该摆摆动周期为________s.(3)测得当地重力加速度g 的值为________m/s 2. (4)如果测得g 值偏小,可能原因是 ( )A .测摆线长时摆线拉得过紧B .摆线上端悬点未固定好,摆动中出现松动C .计算摆长时,忘记了加小球半径D .读单摆周期时,读数偏大[答案] (1)79.50 (2)1.8 (3)9.68 (4)BCD [解析] (1)摆长=摆线长+小球半径 =78.50cm +1.0cm =79.50cm (2)由F -t 变化图线可知,T =1.8s(3)g =4π2l T 2=4×3.142×79.501.82cm/s 2=9.68m/s 2 (4)由g =4π2lT 2可知g 值偏小的可能原因是:l 的测量值偏小,B 、C 正确,A 错误,也可能是T 值偏大,D 对.。
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2011届高考第一轮总复习满分练兵场第八章第四讲一、选择题1.设回旋加速器中的匀强磁场的磁感应强度为B ,粒子的质量为m ,所带电荷量为q ,刚进入磁场的速度为v 0,回旋加速器的最大半径为R ,那么两极间所加的交变电压的周期T 和该粒子的最大速度v 分别为 ( )A .T =2πm qB ,v 不超过qBR mB .T =πm qB ,v 不超过qBR mC .T =2πm qB ,v 不超过qBR 2mD .T =πm qB ,v 不超过qBR 2m[答案] A[解析] 粒子做匀圆周运动周期为T =2πm qB,故电源周期须与粒子运动周期同步,粒子的最大速度由最大半径R 决定.2.(2009·广东)右图是质谱仪的工作原理示意图.带电粒子被加速电场加速后,进入速度选择器.速度选择器内相互正交的匀强磁场和匀强电场的强度分别为B 和E .平板S 上有可让粒子通过的狭缝P 和记录粒子位置的胶片A 1A 2.平板S 下方有强度为B 0的匀强磁场.下列表述正确的是 ( )A .质谱仪是分析同位素的重要工具B .速度选择器中的磁场方向垂直纸面向外C .能通过狭缝P 的带电粒子的速率等于E /BD .粒子打在胶片上的位置越靠近狭缝P ,粒子的荷质比越小[答案] ABC[解析] 本题考查质谱仪的工作原理,质谱仪是分析同位素的重要工具,A 正确;由左手定则可判磁场方向垂直纸面向外,Eq =q v B ,v =E B ,所以B 、C 正确;∵q m =v B 0r,∴r 越小,其荷质比越大,D 项错.3.随着社会生产的发展,大型化工厂已越来越多,环境污染也越来越严重.为减少环境污染,技术人员在排污管末端安装了如图所示的流量计.该装置由绝缘材料制成,长、宽、高分别为a 、b 、c ,左右两端开口.在垂直于上下底面方向加磁感应强度为B 的匀强磁场,在前后两个内侧面分别固定有金属板作为电极.污水充满管口从左向右流经该装置时,电压表将显示两个电极间的电压U .若用Q 表示污水流量(单位时间内排出的污水体积),下列说法中正确的是 ( )A .若污水中正离子较多,则前表面比后表面电势高B .若污水中负离子较多,则前表面比后表面电势高C .污水中离子浓度越高电压表的示数将越大D .污水流量Q 与U 成正比[答案] D[解析] 由左手定则可判断出,正离子受到的洛伦兹力使其向后表面偏转聚集而导致后表面电势升高,同理负离子较多时,负离子向前表面偏转聚集而导致前表面电势较低,故A 、B 均错;设前后表面的最高电压为U ,则qU b=q v B .所以U =v Bb ,所以U 与离子浓度无关,C 错;因Q =v bc ,而U =v Bb ,所以Q =Uc B,D 对. 4.(2009·苏中四市统测)如图所示,回旋加速器是用来加速带电粒子使它获得很大动能的装置,其核心部分是两个D 型金属盒,置于匀强磁场中,两盒分别与高频电源相连.如果D 型金属盒的半径为R ,垂直D 型金属盒底面的匀强磁场的磁感应强度为B ,高频电源频率为f ,下列说法正确的有 ( )A .质子被加速后的最大速度不可能超过2πfRB .质子被加速后的最大速度与加速电场的电压大小无关C .高频电源只能使用矩形波交变电流,不能使用正弦式交变电流D .不需要改变任何量,这个装置也能用于加速α粒子(电荷量为质子的2倍,质量为质子的4倍)[答案] AB[解析] 质子在D 型金属盒内做匀速圆周运动的周期T =2πm Bq,所加高频交变电流的频率f =Bq 2πm,所以质子的最大速度v m =ωR =2πfR ,A 项正确;由v m =2πfR 可知,质子被加速的最大速度与加速电场的电压大小无关,与交变电流的波形无关,B 项正确,C 项错误;由T =2πm Bq可知,被加速粒子运动的周期与粒子的比荷有关,只有在改变高频交变电流的频率后才能用于加速α粒子,D 项错误.5.(2009·滨州)如图所示是质谱仪工作原理的示意图.带电粒子a 、b 经电压U 加速(在A 点的初速度为零)后,进入磁感应强度为B 的匀强磁场做匀速圆周运动,最后分别打在感光板S 上的x 1、x 2处.图中半圆形的虚线分别表示带电粒子a 、b 所通过的路径,则( )A .a 的质量一定大于b 的质量B .a 的电荷量一定大于b 的电荷量C .在磁场中a 运动的时间大于b 运动的时间D .a 的比荷⎝⎛⎭⎫q a m a 大于b 的比荷⎝⎛⎭⎫q b m b [答案] D[解析] 设粒子经电场加速后的速度为v ,由动能定理,有qU =12m v 2,则粒子在磁场中做匀速圆周运动的半径R =m v qB =2mqU qB ∝m q ,由图知粒子a 的轨迹半径x 12小于粒子b 的轨迹半径x 22,故m a q a <m b q b ,选项D 正确,A 、B 错误;粒子在磁场中的运动时间t =T 2=πm qB ,结合上式,有t a <t b ,选项C 错误.6.图甲是用来加速带电粒子的回旋加速器的示意图,其核心部分是两个D 形金属盒,在加速带电粒子时,两金属盒置于匀强磁场中,并分别与高频电源相连.带电粒子在运动中的动能E k 随时间t 的变化规律如图乙所示.若忽略带电粒子在电场中的加速时间,则下列判断正确的是 ( )A .从E k -t 图可知,要想粒子获得的最大动能越大,则要求D 形盒的面积也越大B .在E k -t 图中应有t 4-t 3=t 3-t 2=t 2-t 1C .高频电源的变化周期应该等于t n -t n -1D .从E k -t 图可知,粒子加速次数越多,粒子的最大动能一定越大[答案] AB[解析] 由带电粒子在磁场中的周期T =2πm qB可知B 正确;粒子运动一周的时间为2(t n -t n -1),故C 错;由R m =m v m qB可知,带电粒子的最大动能与D 形盒的半径有关,故D 错误;A 正确.二、非选择题7.竖直放置的半圆形光滑绝缘管道处在如图所示的匀强磁场中,B =1.1T ,管道半径R =0.8m ,其直径POQ 在竖直线上,在管口P 处以2m/s 的速度水平射入一个带电小球(可视为质点),其电荷量为10-4C(g 取10m/s 2),小球滑到Q 处时的速度大小为________;若小球从Q 处滑出瞬间,管道对它的弹力正好为零,小球的质量为________.[答案] 6m/s 1.2×10-5kg[解析] 小球在管道中受重力、洛伦兹力和轨道的作用力,而只有重力对小球做功,由动能定理得:mg ·2R =12m v 2Q -12m v 2P ,解得v Q =4gR +v 2P =6m/s. 在Q 处弹力为零,则洛伦兹力和重力的合力提供向心力,有q v Q B -mg =m ·v 2Q R. 解得m =1.2×10-5kg.8.有一回旋加速器,两个D 形盒的半径为R ,两D 形盒之间的高频电压为U ,偏转磁场的磁感应强度为B .如果一个α粒子(氦原子核)和一个质子,都从加速器的中心开始被加速,试求它们从D 形盒飞出时的速度之比.[答案][解析] 带电粒子在D 形盒内做匀速圆周运动的向心力是由洛伦兹力提供的,对带电粒子飞出回旋加速器的最后半圆,根据第二定律有:qB v =m v 2R ,解得v =BR q m.因为B 、R 为定值,所以带电粒子从D 形盒飞出的速度与带电粒子的比荷成正比.因α粒子的质量是质子的4倍,α粒子的电荷量是质子的2倍,故v a v H =12. 9.串联加速器是用来产生高能离子的装置.如图线框内为其主体的原理示意图,其中加速管的中部b 处有很高的正电势U .a 、c 两端均有电极接地(电势为零).现将速度很低的负一价碳离子从a 端输入,当离子到达b 处时,可被设在b 处的特殊装置将其电子剥离,成为n 价正离子,而不改变其速度大小,这些正n 价碳离子从c 端飞出后进入一与其速度方向垂直的、磁感应强度为B 的匀强磁场中,在磁场中做半径为R 的圆周运动.已知碳离子的质量m =2.0×10-26kg ,U =7.5×105V ,B =0.5T ,n =2,基元电荷e =1.6×10-19C ,求R .[答案] 0.75m[来源:Z&xx&][解析] 设碳离子到达b 处的速度为v 1,从c 端射出的速度为v 2,由能量关系得12m v 21=eU ,①12m v 22=12m v 21+neU ,② 进入磁场后,碳离子做圆周运动,可得ne v 2B =m v 22R,③ 由以上三式得R =1Bn 2mU (n +1)e代入数据得R =0.75m. 10.(2009·合肥市一模)质谱仪可测定同位素的组成.现有一束一价的钾39和钾41离子经电场加速后,沿着与磁场和边界均垂直的方向进入匀强磁场中,如图所示.测试时规定加速电压大小为U 0,但在实验过程中加速电压有较小的波动,可能偏大或偏小ΔU .为使钾39和钾41打在照相底片上的区域不重叠,ΔU 不得超过多少?(不计离子的重力)[答案] 140U 0 [解析] 设加速电压为U ,磁场的磁感应强度为B ,电荷的电荷量为q 、质量为m ,运动半径为R ,则由qU =12m v 2 q v B =m v 2R 解得R =1B 2mU q由此式可知,在B 、q 、U 相同时,m 小的半径小,所以钾39半径小,钾41半径大;在m 相同时,U 大半径大.设:钾39质量为m 1,电压为U 0+ΔU 时,最大半径为R 1;钾41质量为m 2;电压为U 0-ΔU 时,钾41最小半径为R 2.则R 1=1B2m 1(U 0+ΔU )q R 2=1B 2m 2(U 0-ΔU )q令R 1=R 2,则m 1(U 0+ΔU )=m 2(U 0-ΔU )解得:ΔU =m 2-m 1m 2+m 1U 0=41-3941+39U 0=140U 0. 11.如右图所示为一种可用于测量电子电荷量e 与质量m 比值e /m 的阴极射线管,管内处于真空状态,图中L 是灯丝,当接上电源时可发出电子,A 是中央有小圆孔的金属板,当L 和A 间加上电压时(其电压值比灯丝电压大得多),电子将被加速并沿图中虚直线所示的路径到达荧光屏S 上的O 点,发出荧光.P 1、P 2为两块平行于虚直线的金属板,已知两板间距为d ,在虚线所示的圆形区域内可施加一匀强磁场,已知其磁感应强度为B ,方向垂直纸面向外.a 、b 1、b 2、c 1、c 2都是固定在管壳上的金属引线.E 1、E 2、E 3是三个电压可调并可读出其电压值的直流电源.[来源:Z&xx&](1)试在图中画出三个电源与阴极射线管的有关引线的连线.(2)导出计算e /m 的表达式,要求用所测物理量及题给出已知量表示.[答案] (1)略 (2)U 232U 2B 2d 2[解析] (1)各电源的连线如右图所示(2)设加速电压U 2,电子加速后穿过小孔的速度为v ,则有12m v 2=eU 2① 施加磁场后,要使电子仍打在O 点,应在P 1、P 2之间加上适当的电压U 3,使电子所受的电场力和洛伦兹力平衡,有U 3d e =eB v ② 由①、②两式可解得e m =U 232U 2B 2d 2. 12.飞行时间质谱仪可以对气体分子进行分析.如图所示,在真空状态下,脉冲阀P 喷出微量气体,经激光照射产生不同价位的正离子,自a 板小孔进入a 、b 间的加速电场,从b 板小孔射出,沿中线方向进入M 、N 板间的偏转控制区,到达探测器.已知元电荷电量为e 、a 、b 板间距为d ,极板M 、N 的长度和间距均为L .不计离子重力及进入a 板时的初速度.(1)当a 、b 间的电压为U 1时,在M 、N 间加上适当的电压U 2,使离子到达探测器.请导出离子的全部飞行时间与比荷K (K =ne /m )的关系式.(2)去掉偏转电压U 2,在M 、N 间区域加上垂直于纸面的匀强磁场,磁感应强度为B ,若进入a 、b 间所有离子质量均为m ,要使所有的离子能通过控制区从右侧飞出,a 、b 间的加速电压U 1至少为多少?[答案] (1)t =2d +L 2kU 1(2)25eL 2B 232m [解析] (1)由动能定理:neU 1=12m v 2 n 价正离子在a 、b 间的加速度:a 1=neU 1md在a 、b 间运动的时间:t 1=v a 1=2m neU 1d 在M 、N 间运动的时间:t 2=L v =m 2neU 1L 离子到达探测器的时间:t =t 1+t 2=2d +L2KU 1. (2)假定n 价正离子在磁场中向N 板偏转,洛伦兹力充当向心力,设轨迹半径为R ,由牛顿第二定律得:ne v B =m v 2R离子刚好从N 板右侧边缘穿出时,由几何关系得:R 2=L 2+(R -L /2)2由以上各式得:U 1=25neL 2B 232m当n =1时U 1取最小值U min =25eL 2B 232m.。