牛津译林版高一英语高频知识点总结
高中英语 牛津译林版必修一 unit1 reading 重点单词短语句子总结(英译中)
reading重点单词短语句子总结（英译中）1.lead to2.end in3.confusion4.puzzlement5.area6.principal7.be different from8.senior high school9.junior high school10.a promising future11.promise12.can’t wait to do13.full of challenges14.studying environment15.way of thinking16.positive mind17.negative18.lie in19.rise to20.have opportunity to do21.acquire great knowledge 22.open the door to sth23.put simply24.try hard enough25.create works of art26.make medical advance27.develop technology28.have confidence in doing29.make a difference to community30.discover one’s potential31.realize one’s potential32.make the most of sth33.take advantage of34.learn from sb35.make use of facility36.school activity37.take an active part in doing38.equal importance39.good study habitseful skill41.positive attitude42.set clear goals43.balance sth with sth44.make efforts to do45.improve communication skills46.improve problem-solving skillsst but not least48.look on the bright side49.in difficult situation50.a well-rounded individual51.need to do52.make a continuous effort to do53.train one’s mind54.develop one’s character55.be responsible for doing56.do one’s best to do 57.face challenges58.school resources59.develop positive attitude60.put a lot of effort to do61.be careful about doing62.take advantage of challenges63.in fact64.look forward to doing65.be independent66.plan to do67.take advantages of every opportunity68.do well in doing69.powerful70.effective1.Study without thinking leads to confusion; thinking without study ends in puzzlement.2.I can’t wait to describe to you what senior high school life is like.3.When you rise to the challenges, you will have the opportunity to acquire great knowledge and enjoy personal growth.4.Put simply, potential is your nature ability that can be developed when you try hard enough.5.The possibilities are endless, and I have confidence in your ability to make a difference to your family, to your community and to our country.6.To fully realize your potential，it is important for you to make the most of our school resources.7.There are also a lot of school activities for you.8.As a senior high school student, you must take efforts to improve your communication and problem-solving skills.9.A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.10.You need to make a continuous effort to train your mind and develop your character.。
2020牛津译林版高一英语必修三第一单元课文知识点讲解与练习
Unit1 Reading知识点精讲精练一、重点短语（reading部分）1. a sea of 大量的，大片的/alive with 充满，到处都是（活的或动的东西）【教材原句】Welcome to the jungle, a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animal s. (P2)[译文]欢迎来到亚马孙雨林，这是一片绿色的海洋，到处都可以听到动物发出的声音。
[功能注释]这是一个简单句。
a huge sea of gree n alive with the sounds of animals是the jungle 的同位语。
【边学边练】选择sea的相关短语填空(1)He was when he began his new job.(2)The ship hit an iceberg and buried .(3)Last Sunday, the students in class two .a sea of 大量的，大片的[常见搭配]at sea 在茫茫大海上all at sea 茫然不知所措by sea 经海路by the sea 在海边go to the sea 去海滨(度假或野餐)go to sea 去当水手【经典例句】He looked down and saw a sea of smiling faces.他往下看，看到一片笑脸。
I'm all at sea. I can' t understand that proble.我简直是一片茫然,我无法理解这个问题。
【边学边练】从右栏中选择适当填空(1)He was the only man .(2)The are more important to us than the dead.(3)My mother bought a fish this morning.alive with 充满，到处都是（活的或动的东西）[易混辨析]alive/live/livingaive:活着的,活的,其反义词为dead,指生命从奄奄一息到精力旺盛的各种状态。
2020牛津译林版新教材高一英语必修一unit2词组总结
必修一Unit2 Let’s talk teens1.melt away 融化2.unconditional love 无条件的爱3.seem to 似乎……4.turn into a battle 变成一场战斗5.see eye to eye with sb. (on sth.) (在某事上)与某人看法一致6.heated arguments 热烈的争论7.physical changes 身体变化8.result in 导致9.at a different rate 以不同的速度10.s hoot up 快速长高，蹿个儿11.d evelop mental needs 日益发展的精神需求12.n o longer 不再13.d esire for sth. 渴望14.o n one’s own 独自；靠自己15.l et go 放手16.o n the other hand 另一方面17.s truggle to do sth. 挣扎做某事18.a rough ride 一个艰难的过程19.e xpect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事20.l ead to a breakdown in your relationship导致你们关系的破裂21.g et along with sb. 与某人合得来22.t ake action/ steps to 采取行动……23.i mprove the situation 改善情况24.t he key to doing sth. 做某事的关键25.k eep the peace 保持和平26.d isagree with 不同意27.c alm down 平静，镇静,安静28.f rom one’s point of view 从某人的角度、观点出发29.g o through 经历30.t hink sth. through 充分考虑，全盘考虑，想透31.b ack down 承认错误，认输32.w ork together 共同工作33.t urn out 结果是34.i n the end 最后35.p repare for 为......做准备36.p arent-child relationship 亲子关系37.a sk for advice 寻求建议38.t o tell the truth 说实话39.b e anxious about 对……感到忧虑40.p ut stress on 把压力放在41.a ll the time 所有的时间42.s end sb. to sp. 送某人去……43.b e meant to do sth. 注定要做某事，应做某事44.t ake an interest in 对…感兴趣45.p hysical and mental health 身心健康46.l ook through 浏览47.b e proud to 感到骄傲48.I t is likely that…. 很有可能49.o n forum 在论坛50.t ake steps to do sth. 采取措施做某事;51.t ake some time to 花点时间52.l ook around 看看周围53.b e made up of 由…组成54.a t least 至少55.p ersonal information 个人信息56.c ompare with 与……比较57.T here is no point in doing sth. 做某事没有意义58.t ake/play a passive role in 在……中起被动作用59.h ave a bad influence on sb. 对某人有不好的影响60.c heer up （使）变得高兴，振奋起来61.a s if 好像62.i n one’s life 在某人的一生中63.b e happy with 对……满意64.l eave sb. alone 不管；不顾65.t ake a break 休息一下66.o nce in a while 偶尔，有时67.b e eager for 渴望某物68.b e stressed about 对... 感到紧张69.s how concern 关心70.a t the weekend 在周末71.c are for 介意；在乎72.b e a time for 是时候73.b e on sb’s back about sth. 缠磨，烦扰74.p rotect……from doing sth. 保护……不受75.g et hurt 受伤76.i n one’s spare time 在业余时间77.m ake a deal with 和……达成协议78.p ut yourself in sb’s shoes 换位思考79.c ount out 数出来count out the money 数钱80.w ith anxious 带着焦虑81.h urry over to 赶过去82.f or the first time 第一次83.f eel secure 有安全感84.w ait for a response 等候一个答复85.c ontinue doing sth./to do sth. 继续86.d raw sth out of sth. 提取，支取87.g ive out 分发；公布；放出；筋疲力尽88.g ive up 放弃89.g raduate from 毕业于……90.w rite down 写下，记下91.d epend on/upon 依靠，依赖92.g ive him a bright smile 给他一个灿烂的微笑93.g o downtown 去商业街；到市区94.d raw money 取钱95.h ave trouble in making friends 在交友上有困难96.t ake/follow my advice 采纳我的建议97.b y asking about their likes and dislikes 通过询问他们的好恶98.p eople with the same interests 志趣相投的人99.j oin in a discussion 参加讨论100.provide you with some new people 给你带来一些朋友101.begin/start talking with people 开始与人交谈102.find something you have in common 找到你们的共同点。
2020牛津译林版高一英语必修三第一单元课文知识点讲解与练习
Unit1 Reading知识点精讲精练一、重点短语（reading部分）1. a sea of 大量的，大片的/alive with 充满，到处都是（活的或动的东西）【教材原句】Welcome to the jungle, a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animal s. (P2)[译文]欢迎来到亚马孙雨林，这是一片绿色的海洋，到处都可以听到动物发出的声音。
[功能注释]这是一个简单句。
a huge sea of gree n alive with the sounds of animals是the jungle 的同位语。
【边学边练】选择sea的相关短语填空(1)He was when he began his new job.(2)The ship hit an iceberg and buried .(3)Last Sunday, the students in class two .a sea of 大量的，大片的[常见搭配]at sea 在茫茫大海上all at sea 茫然不知所措by sea 经海路by the sea 在海边go to the sea 去海滨(度假或野餐)go to sea 去当水手【经典例句】He looked down and saw a sea of smiling faces.他往下看，看到一片笑脸。
I'm all at sea. I can' t understand that proble.我简直是一片茫然,我无法理解这个问题。
【边学边练】从右栏中选择适当填空(1)He was the only man .(2)The are more important to us than the dead.(3)My mother bought a fish this morning.alive with 充满，到处都是（活的或动的东西）[易混辨析]alive/live/livingaive:活着的,活的,其反义词为dead,指生命从奄奄一息到精力旺盛的各种状态。
Unit 3 Grammar 讲义-高一英语牛津译林版(2020)必修第一册
译林版必修第一册Unit3单元语法--关系代词引导的限制性定语从句语法精析在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫定语从句。
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，同时指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。
关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种，关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose等；关系副词有when，where，why。
一、关系代词的用法1．who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
The person who tricked me was one of my classmates.骗我的那个人是我的一个同学。
He is the man who I respect very much.他就是我非常尊重的那个人。
2．whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。
The old man (whom) the girl had tricked was my grandfather.女孩欺骗的那位老人是我的爷爷。
[温馨提示](1)关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who/that来代替。
The boy (who/whom/that) we saw yesterday was John’s brother.昨天我们看到的那个男孩是约翰的哥哥。
(2)在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，用whom，不用who。
He is a man from whom we are all ready to learn.他是我们大家都准备向他学习的人。
3．which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
The gold medal (which) she won has been given to her old school.她曾经获得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。
4．that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。
2020牛津译林版高一英语必修三第四单元知识点小结与练习(附重点单词短语+练习答案)
必修三unit4 Scientists who changed the world 词汇讲练一、重点单词theory n.理论deadly adj. 致命的，十足的survival n. 生存，生存者province n. 省份acquire v. 获得broad adj. 广泛的，宽阔的intend v. 想要，计划recipe n.秘诀，食谱herb n. 草药promising adj. 有希望的，有前途的redesign v.重新设计damage v./n. 损害，伤害trial n. 试验，审讯limited adj. 有限的household adj.家庭的，家用的container n. 集装箱，容器postpone v. 延迟sufficient adj.足够的data n. 数据pure adj.纯净的，纯真的wisdom n.智慧beneficial adj. 有用的，有益的quality n.质量，品质significance n.重要性strength n.优点，力气conduct v.组织，实施illustrate v.说明，加插图于bacteria n.细菌publish v.出版observe v.观察到，注意到surround v.围绕，环绕indicate v.表面，暗示intelligent adj.有才智的，聪明的experienced adj. 有经验的determination n.决定，决心favor v.偏袒，较喜欢politician n.政客lightning n.闪电thunderstorm n.雷雨string n. 细绳v.用线串charge v. 充电，收费，指控chairperson n.主席，会长decorate v.装饰，装潢solar adj.太阳的represent v.意味着，代表involved adj. 参与，卷入moral adj. 道德的intellectual adj.有才智的ignorance n.无知freedom n.自由authority n,权威，官方recognize v.意识到，辨别permit v.准许，允许declare v.宣称，宣布nationality n.国籍evolution n.发展，进化explore v.探索二、重点短语in theory 理论上die of/ from 死于cure for ...的治愈方法refer to 提到，查阅cause damage to 损害/破坏...on trial 试用，受审speed up （使）加速pay off成功，达到目的draw on 凭借，利用be beneficial to 对...有益strengths and weaknesses 优势和劣势conduct research 实施研究be widely considered to be 被广泛认为是... in history 在历史上treat wounds 治疗伤口catch the attention of引起...的注意mass production 批量生产far from the truth 远非事实electric shock电击generation to come子孙后代fit together 拼在一起put forward 提出driving force驱动力，推动力take an interest in 对...感兴趣with a bang很成功，有强烈影响show off 显示，炫耀get a taste of 体验，尝试due to 由于，因为move smoothly 进展顺利put...at risk 使...处于危险下Put another way 换句话说devote oneself to 致力于to the credit of 归功于...take it for granted 认为...使理所当然的leave room for 给...留空间be surrounded by 被...环绕二、词汇拓展1.theory n.理论adj.理论的2.survive v.幸存n.幸存者n.幸存3.acquire v.获得n.获得4.intend v.打算，想要n.意图，目的5.limit v./n.限制adj.有限的6.contain v.装有，包含n.容器，集装箱7.pure adj.纯净的v.纯化n.纯净8.wise adj.明智的adv.明智地n.智慧9.benefit v.使...受益/n.利益adj.有益的10.quality n.品质，质量v.(使)有资格adj.有资格的11.ignore v.忽视n.无知adj.无知的adj.被忽视的12.recognize v.辨认，意识到n.辨认，识别13.significance n.重要性adj.重要的14.strong adj.强壮的，强烈的n.力气v.强化15.decorate v.装饰，装潢n.装饰，装潢16.permit v.允许n.允许17.surround v.环绕n.环境adj. 被环绕的adj.周围的，附近的18.explore v.探索n.探索者n.探索【参考答案】1.theory n.理论theoretical adj.理论的2.survive v.幸存survivor n.幸存者survival n.幸存3.acquire v.获得acquisition n.获得4.intend v.打算，想要intention n.意图，目的5.limit v./n.限制limited adj.有限的6.contain v.装有，包含container n.容器，集装箱7.pure adj.纯净的purify v.纯化purity n.纯净8.wise adj.明智的wisely adv.明智地wisdom n.智慧9.benefit v.使...受益/n.利益beneficial adj.有益的10.quality n.品质，质量qualify v.(使)有资格qualified adj.有资格的11.ignore v.忽视ignorance n.无知ignorant adj.无知的ignored adj.被忽视的12.recognize v.辨认，意识到recognition n.辨认，识别13.significance n.重要性significant adj.重要的14.strong adj.强壮的，强烈的strength n.力气strengthen v.强化15.decorate v.装饰，装潢decoration n.装饰，装潢16.permit v.允许permission n.允许17.surround v.环绕surroundings n.环境surrounded adj. 被环绕的surroundingadj.周围的，附近的18.explore v.探索explorer n.探索者exploration n.探索Section B一、单词拼写（用本部分所学单词）1. As we know, taking positive attitudes towards life is (有益的）to our bodies and minds.2.As is well known,many (致命的）accidents result from carelessness and irresponsibility3.Despite the poor service of the hotel,the manager is reluctant(不情愿的）to invest in (足够的）training for his staff.4.Official reports suggest that the number of （家庭）living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in2013.5.While high school does not generally encourage students to (探索) new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration.6.For a sudden heart failure,the single best chance for (生存）is having someonenearby step in and do CPR quickly .7.To test the effect of social influence on eating habits,the researchers conductedtwo (实验）.8.Conventional (智慧）has it that we should save some money for rainy days when we have a lot in hand.9. He had intended to go to Beijing today, but he (延迟）the trip when he heard that there would be a downpour at noon.10.The musician (指挥）his last concert shortly before his death.11. According to our rules, smoking is not p______in our office.12. The scientist was determined to make a great breakthrough in (科学的）research.13. Sometimes, people don't like asking questions for fear of appearing stupid and (无知的）.14.Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he (出版）his first novel,and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.15.The volunteers' primary (责任）is to help people with learning disabilities to realize their own importance.16. In our country, everyone has the right and (自由）to express his thoughts and ideas.17.In traditional Chinese culture, (婚姻) decisions were made by parents fortheir children.【参考答案】beneficial; deadly; sufficient; households; exploresurvival; trials; wisdom; postponed; conducted; permitted;scientific; ignorant; published; responsibility ; freedom; marriage二、单句语法填空1 . - Would you permit me here ?-Sorry, we don't permit in the library. (smoke)2 . Your dad will go bananas if he knows you often drive his car without (permit)3. I take for granted that you have already check the answer.4.(2019·北京语法填空改编）No matter what you like to do,there is a way to get (involve) in various activities on Earth Day.5. The best way to encourage your kids to enjoy meals is to involve them preparing them.ceremony organized even if the time was so limited.6 . A large number of people have sent off ( apply ) for the job . Some of the ______( apply ) may be disappointed because only one third applying to be employed.7.(2020·全国I卷语法填空改编）The far side of the moon is of particular (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山）,more so than the familiar near side.8. I always dream of having a house______by trees, flowers and grass . If I can live in such beautiful , I mus feel happy every day. As we know, the things can always have an effect on our mood.(surround)9. I'm not going there again-they charged me $ 10_____a cup of coffee!10. You were charged ignoring your duty. Who accused you such a crime?11. There was a very naughty boy in the nursery and a teacher who was generally very confident with the children was asked to take charge him.12. I am favour of your suggestion that we should spend more time on this project.13. The survey (conduct) by the company shows there is a large increase in customer satisfaction this year.14.She (intend)to clear out the spare room, but she was too busy at that time.15. Keep in mind that your effort will pay . Don't let one or two failures get you down .【参考答案】1.to smoke, smoking2.permission3.it4.involved5.in6.applications, applicants,for7.interest8.surrounded;surroundings;surrounding 9.for10.with11.of12.in13.conducted14.had intended15.off三、课文语法填空（1）Because of her contribution to the fight against malaria, Tu Youyou has become the first female Chinese scientist 1 (receive)a Nobel Prize.Born in 1930, in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Tu 2 (study)medicine at university in Beijing and acquired a broad knowledge of both Chinese and Western medicine. In 1969 she became head of a team that intended to find a cure 3 malaria. 4 (inspire) by a 1, 700-year-old text about preparing qinghao with cold water, she tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its 5 (effect)part. She finally succeeded in making a qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice . 6 , the trials on real patients were likely to 7 ( postpone ) because they did not have sufficient data. To speed up the process and ensure its 8 (safe), Tu and her team volunteered to test the qinghao extract on themselves first.The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. In November 1972, they successfully isolated the mosteffective part of 9 extract and named it qinghaosu, 10 is now a key part of many malaria medicines. Tu encouraged scientists to further explore the 10 treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level.【参考答案】to receive; studied; for; Inspired; effectiveHowever; be postponed; safety; the; which（2）What is the value of science ?The first value is that scientific knowledge enables us 1 (do) and make all kinds of things. Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or bad- 2 it does not carry instructions on how to apply it. Such power 3 (have) obvious value. Another value of science is the intellectual enjoyment it can provide us 4 . Thanks to the scientific effort, we have been led to imagine all 5 ( sort ) of things which are more fantastic than poets and dreamers of the past ever could. Let's turn to a 6 (three) value that science has. The scientist has a lot of experience with 7 ( ignorant ) and doubt and uncertainty , and this experience is 8 ( great ) important . Scientists take it for granted that 9 is perfectly possible to live and not know .10 (know) the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought, we as scientists have the responsibility to declare the value of this freedom.【参考答案】to do; but; has; with; sortsthird; ignorance; greatly; it; Knowing。
牛津译林版高一英语上册必修一Unit1知识要点总结
牛津译林版高一英语上册M1-Unit 1知识要点一.译林牛津版高一英语必修一U1知识清单：1.What is …like?What does sb. look like?What does sb. like?How is sb.?What is sb?2. going to British high school 动名词作主语Eg.: Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火是危险的。
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
Do you mind telling me what happened? 你介意告诉我发生了什么吗？Better take a sleeping bus for a long journey. 长途旅行最好乘卧铺车。
3. enjoyable enjoy enjoymentenjoy doing enjoy oneself4. experience n.经验（不可数名词，其后通常接的是in 或of短语）经历（可数名词）vt. 经历，体验She wrote a book about her experiences in America.Have you experienced real struggle?He has a lot of experience in surfing games.be experienced in …在…有经验5. attend vt.出席，参加attend school 上学attend the meeting 开会，参加会议attend the wedding 参加婚礼attend to sb. 照顾某人，关怀某人attend to one’s work 用心从事某人的工作。
对比：attend, join, join in, take part inattend :主要是指以观众和听众的身份来参加，一般用于指参加会议、出席典礼或者招待会等，也可以指上学，听课，挺演讲或者讲座等。
最新高中英语Unit1Thewrittenword重点词汇讲解牛津译林版选修8
1. vain adj. 自负的；自视过高的e.g. He was vain about his looks, spending hours in the gym.他对自己的外表很自负，在健身房里一呆就是好几个小时。
adj. 不成功的；无用的；徒劳的e.g. They made a vain attempt to protect the town from attack.他们企图保护这个镇不受攻击，结果没有成功。
in vain没有成功；徒劳e.g. We walked a couple of blocks, looking in vain for a cab.我们走了两三个街区寻找出租车，但没找到。
2. wisdom n. 智慧；学识；明智e.g. One can not have wisdom without living life.一个人不经历生活不可能有智慧。
In those homely sayings was couched the collective wisdom of generations.在那些朴实的谚语中蕴含着几代人集体智慧的结晶。
wise adj. 聪明的，英明的，明智的3. abuse v. 虐待；凌辱e.g. Prisoners reported being regularly abused by their guards.囚犯们举报说他们遭到了看守经常性的虐待。
v. 滥用；妄用e.g. They were accused of abusing their power to keep prices artificially high.他们被控滥用权力，人为地太高物价。
v. 辱骂e.g. He was fined $ 10,000 for verbally abusing the judge.他因恶言辱骂裁判被罚款10,000美元。
4. adaptation n. 适应，改编，改写本；适应e.g. The play is an adaptation of a short novel. 这部戏剧是一部短篇小说的改编本。
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牛津译林版高一英语高频知识点总结重点句型1．“So + be／have／助动词／情态动词＋主词”的结构。
此结构中的语序是倒装的，“So”代替上句中的某个成分。
如果上面一句是否定句，则使用“Neither/Nor+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语”的结构。
例如He’s tired，and so am I．(＝I’ m also tired．)You can swim，and so can I．(＝I can also swim．)She has had supper，and so can I．(＝I’ve had lunch，too．)Tom speaks English，and so does his sister．(＝His sister speaks English，too．)A: I went to the park yesterday．B: So did I．(＝I also went to the park yesterday．)2．“So +主语+be／have／助动词／情态动词”结构中的主谓是正常语序，so相当于indeed,certainly,表示说话人对前面或对方所说情况的肯定、赞同或证实，语气较强，意思是“确实如此”。
例如 A：It was cold yesterday．昨天很冷。
B：So it was．的确如此。
(＝Yes，it was．)A：You seem to like sports．B：So I do．(＝Yes，I do．)A：It will be fine tomorrow．B：So it will．(＝Yes ，it will．)3．“主语+do/does/did + so”结构指的是按上句的要求做了。
此句型中do so代替上文中要求做的事，以免重复。
My Chinese teacher told me to hand in my composition on time and I did so.(=I han ded inmy composition on time.) 语文老师叫我按时交作文, 我照办了。
4．So it is with…或 It is the same with…句型表示“……(的情况)也是如此。
”当前面的句子中有几种不同形式的谓语时，要表示相同情况，必须使用本句型，不能使用so 引起的倒装句。
She doesn’t play the piano, but she likes singing. So it is with my sister.5、There you are. 行了，好。
这是一句表示一种事情告一段落或有了最终结果的用语。
如：There you are! Then let's have some coffee.除此之外，还可以表示“瞧，对吧（果然如此）”的语气。
例如：There you are! I knew we should find it at last.对吧！我就知道我们最终能找到的。
6、have some difficulty (in) doing sth.干某事有困难；接名词时，常用句型：have some difficulty with sth.①Do you have any difficulty (in) understanding English?你理解英语口语有困难吗？②She said she had some difficulty with pronunciation.她说她在发音方面有困难。
7、have a good knowledge of sth.“掌握……”，“对……有某种程度的了解”①He has a good knowledge of London.他对伦敦有所了解。
②A good knowledge of languages is always useful.8、Tree after tree went own, cut down by the water, which must have been three metres dee p.一棵又一棵的树被水冲倒、冲断。
那水肯定有三米深。
“must have + 过去分词”表示对已发生事情的猜测。
在英语中，must，may，can三个情态动词可用来表示对事情的猜测。
Must意为“肯定”，语气很有把握；may意为“可能”、“也许”，语气把握性不大。
两者常用在肯定句中。
Can意为“肯定”、“也许”，常用在否定句或疑问句中。
Must，may，can三者用于表示猜测时，其后面可跟三种不同的动词形式：1）跟动词原形表示对现在事情的猜测；2）跟be doing表示对正在发生事情的猜测；3）跟have done表示对已经发生的事情的猜测。
例如：Helen is Lucy’s good friend. She must know Lucy’s e-mail.海伦是露茜的好朋友。
她肯定知道露茜的电子邮件。
We can hear loud voices in the meeting room. They must be quarrelling.我们可以听到会议室很吵。
他们肯定在吵架。
I met Jeff at the gate a moment ago. He can’t have gone to Australia.我刚才还在大门口见过杰夫。
他不可能去了澳大利亚。
9、Wei Bin took out some peanuts and it was fun to see the monkey eat from his hand.魏彬拿出一些花生。
看着猴子从他手上吃花生，很有趣。
fun “好玩，趣事”，不可数名词，前面不加不定冠词a。
You’re sure to have some fun at the party tonight. 今天晚上你肯定会玩得很开心。
make fun of“取笑”，“嘲弄”。
People make fun of him only because he is wearing such astrange jacket.人们嘲笑他只是因为他穿了一件那么奇怪的衣服。
funny adj. “可笑的，滑稽的”。
He looks very funny in his father’s jacket.他穿着他父亲的衣服，看上去很滑稽。
10、Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea……许多看过这部电影的人都不敢在海里游。
afraid 用法说明：1）害怕人/ 物，如：be afraid of sb / sth2）不敢做某事，如：be afraid to do sth / of doing sthHe is afraid to go out / of going out alone at night.3) 担心会发生某事, 如: be afraid of doing sth或be afraid + that clauseHe seldom stands on the river bank because he is afraid of falling into the river.He seldom stands on the river bank because he is afraid that he might fall into theriv er.4) 给人不愉快的信息或不赞同某人意见时, 用I’m afraid …,如:I’m afraid I’ve got bad news for you.I’m afraid I can’t agree with you.11、It is polite to finish eating everything on your plate.把你盘子里所有东西吃完是有礼貌的。
这是一个动词不定式作主语的句型，其中to finish eating everything 是主语，it是形式主语。
12、I wish you all the best.我祝你万事如意.用wish来表示祝愿的结构是wish sb sth, 此外我们还可以用may来表示祝愿: May sb do sth如:May you succeed.13、Where there is a river, there is a city. 有河流的地方就有城市。
Where在这里引导的是地点状语从句，相当于介词in/ at/ to + the place + where从句9定语从句），意思是“在……地方”。
例如：Where there is smoke, there is fire.无风不起浪；事出有因。
He lives where the climate is mild.他住在气候温暖的地方。
14、Strong, proud, and united, the people of St Petersburg are the modern heroes of Russia .圣彼得堡人民坚强不屈、充满自豪、团结一致，他们是俄罗斯当代的英雄。
Strong, proud, and united为前置定语，在这里相当于一个非限制性定语从句：The people of St Petersburg , who are strong, proud, and united, are the modern he roesof Russia . 当主语比较短时，这类短语常常放在句首。
15. Congratulations!是一句祝贺用语，在使用时要用复数形式。
其他几个通常以复数形式出现表达特定含义的名词有：manners（礼貌）：He is a little boy with good manners.这个小男孩很有礼貌。
regards (问候)：Please send my regards to your parents.请代我问候你父母。
16. Every four years athletes from all over the world take part in the Olympic Games .没四年，世界各地的运动员们都要参加奥运会。
“every + 基数词 + 时间/ 距离单位”词表示“每多少时间/ 距离”。
如：every five days（每五天）, every three hours（每三小时）, every ten metres（每十公尺）类似表达形式还有：every fifth day, every third hour“每隔一天”的表达形式有：every second day, every two days, every other day.17、Modern cellphones are more than just phones—they are used as cameras and radios, an dto send e-mail or surf the Internet.现代的手机不仅仅是电话机—它们也当坐照相机和收音机使用，还可以发送电子邮件和上网。