上海市普陀区2018届高三二模英语试题含答案

上海市普陀区2018届高三二模英语试题考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection A 10%Directions: In Section A. you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. Theconversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answer on your paper, and decidewhich one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Cold B. Sunny C. Rainy D. Cloudy2. A. 110 minutes B. 120 minutes C. 130 minutes D. 140 minutes3. A. Shop assistant and customer B. Boss and assistantC. Professor and studentD. Husband and wife4. A. In a meeting room B. In a reference roomC. At a booking officeD. At a police station5. A. A movie B. A lecture C. A play D. A speech6. A. The woman shouldn’t be so upset B. He’s an hour later for the interview.C. The woman should be patientD. He’s too nervous to calm down7. A. The man is intelligent enough B. The man does not work hard enoughC. The man should get some sleepD. The man is hard-working.8. A. He doesn’t enjoy business trips as much as he used to.B. He wants to spend more time with his familyC. He doesn’t think he is capable of doing the jobD. He thinks the pay is too low to support his family9. A. The woman doesn’t have money for her son’s graduate studiesB The woman doesn’t think her son will get a business degreeC. The woman insists that her son should major in science.D. The woman advises her son to think twice before making his decision10. A. It ran into another car B. It fell into a river and sankC. It broke down on the roadD. It left the road and landed in a fieldSection B 15%Directions: In Section B. you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions o n each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paperand decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following recording.11. A. Noise B. Smoking C. Litter D. Drinking12. A. A tour guide B. A conductor C. A teacher D. A lawyer13. A. To prepare people for international travelB. To make the laws of different kindsC. To inform people of the punishment for breaking lawsD. To give advice to travelers to the countryQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following recording14. A Conference with the course tutor B. Active attendance and commitmentC. Punctuality and politenessD. Debate and essay preparation15. A. Inform the teacher in advance B. Just do not choose the courseC. Drop out of the courseD. Make it up later16. A. One that is written by hand B. One that is originalC. One that is revise by the tutorD. One that keeps to the instructionsQuestions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. His knees and fingers ache B. He doesn’t feel like eatingC. He can’t sleep very wellD. His blood pressure is high18. A. She asks him to have injections and a treatment with raysB. She asks him to have an operation and a treatment with raysC. She asks him to have a good rest and a treatment with raysD. She asks him to have some herbal medicine and a treatment with rays19. A. Every day for seven weeks B. Three times a week for seven weeksC. Three times a weeks for three weeksD. Twenty times for two weeks20. A. Use hot water pads B. Sit by the stoveC. Drink cold waterD. Take cold baths.II. Grammar and vocabularySection A 10%Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passagecoherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in eachblank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Jim ThompsonJim Thompson’s life story is one of success, achievement, and finally mysterybecause no one knows how it ended.Thompson was born in Delaware(21)_____ the east coast of the United States in 1906. After finishing high school, Thompson went to Princeton University and later studied architecture at the University of Pennsylvania. After graduation, Jim Thompson worked as an architect in New York City until 1940. Not long after this, he volunteered(22)______ (serve)in the U.S. Army. During World War II, Thompson gathered intelligence for the army in Thailand. It was this first taste of life in the FarEast(23)______ changed Thompson’s life. He saw opportunities to develop tourismthere, becoming(24)______ (involve)in an ambitious scheme to restore the OrientalHotel.While the hotel plan fell through, by that time Thompson h ad hit upon another scheme that would eventually make him a millionaire. While traveling around Thailand, hecame across(25)____ he considered exquisite(精美的)samples of handwoven Thai silk,a product that(26)_____(become)rare. He persuaded the weavers to work with him andmarketed the silk in New York, (27)______ it became very popular. As a consequence,the Thai silk industry was revived(复兴)and the business made Thompson and some ofthe weavers very wealthy.With his success in the silk business, Jim Thompson continued his original interestin architecture on the side. He found six traditional Thai houses and had(28)_____brought to Bangkok and reassembled there as one magnificent house. Today, not onlyis it a beautiful house inside and out, (29)______ it is also filled with the worksof art Thompson collected.In 1967 during a holiday in Malaysia, he went for a walk in the Jungle and disappeared forever. To this day, no clues(30)____(find)as to what happened to thiswealthy American businessman who is credited with single-handedly reviving the Thaisilk industry.Section B10%Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word canbe used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. concernB. dramaticC. equivalentD. frequentlyE. impactF.imposedG. representative H. observed I. residents J. significantly K. strategiesMentally and Intellectually HarmfulLast month, the Indian Medical Association declared a public health emergency inNew Delhi because of high levels of air pollution. Schools were shut and emergencytraffic restrictions put in place.New D elhi is far from alone. Our research into the___31___ of air pollution in China shows that, in addition to the more obvious physical price, air pollution can alsohave serious negative effects on mental health and cognition (认知),___ 32___ reducing a person’s happiness and their scores in verbal and mathematical tests.Such harmful mental effects have serious negative consequences for livelihoodsand human capital development, suggesting that development___33____ should go beyond the traditional focus of boosting GDP in the developing world.India's recent pollution emergency is the most___34___ incidence(发生率)of dangerous air pollution, but smoggy skies have been a cause of growing___35____ inmost developing countries.Major cities across the developing world---from Thailand to Brazil, toNigeria---___36____ experience pollution at several times the WHO safe limits. Infact, 98% o f cities with more than 100.000___37___ in low and middle-income countries fail to meet the WHO’s air quality guidelines.India’s extreme levels of air pollution are well recognized, and examining theeffects provides clear warnings for other countries seeking fast growth through rapid industrialization.We used nationally ___38___ longitudinal (纵向)surveys on mental health and cognition, matched with daily air quality data for the time and place of interviews,to see what pollution does in a given time to individual happiness and cognitiveperformance. Because each person in our survey was __39___multiple times, we cancontrol for the effect of individual characteristics on the outcome variables.We f ound that worsening air quality led to a decrease in happiness that day__40___to about 10 percent of the reduced happiness one would experience form a negative major life event such as divorce.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A15%Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrasesmarked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits thecontext.Globalization: Good or Bad?Globalization is defined in many ways .One simple __41__is that it is the rapid increase in international free trade, investment, and technological exchange. It is argued that this international trade has been one ofthe main causes of world economic __42___over the past half century. Although thereis little doubt that the global economy has developed enormously in the last 50 years, some people believe that this trend has only benefited certain countries, and thatothers have suffered as a result.Improved income?An argument__43___globalization is that the benefits of increased internationaltrade are shared among everyone in the country. An example of this is China, whereper capita income(人均收入)rose from about $1400 in 1980 to over $4000 by 2000.___44____per capita income rose by over 100% in India between 1980 and 1996.It would appear that countries which open their doors to world trade tend to become___45____ .However, these sorts of___46__might not be giving a true picture. They are “average”, and despite the fact that there has been a substantial increase I n income for a small minority of people, the vast majority have only seen a___47___improvement.More imports, more exportsSupporters of free trade point out that there is another direct benefit to be gained from an increase in international trade: exports___48___imports. Take coffee as anexample. Countries which produce and export coffee import the packaging for it: a(n) ___49__ trade which enables commerce to develop in two countries at the same time.___50___ maintain that, in general, it is poorer countries that produce and export food such as coffee, and richer countries that produce and export manufactured goods such as packaging materials. Furthermore, it is the richer countries that controlthe price of good and, ____51___, farmers may be forced to sell their produce at alow price and to buy manufactured goods at a high price.___52___developmentFinally, globalization often___53___ a country to concentrate on industrieswhich are already successful. These countries develop expertise(专门技能)and increase their share in the international market. On the other hand, those countries which___54___ to support all their industries usually do not develop expertise inany one. Consequently, these countries do not find a world market for their goodsand do not increase their gross domestic product(GDP).Anti-globalists claim that there is a serious problem in this argument for the___55___ of industry. Countries which only concentrate on one or two main industries are forced to import other goods. These imported good are frequently overpriced, and these countries, therefore, have a tendency to accumulate huge debts.41. A. indication B. principle C. definition D. factor42. A. systems B. solution C. crisis D. growth43. A. in favor of B. on account of C. with regard toD. in honour of44. A. Fortunately B. Similarly C. Undoubtedly D. Unusually45. A. freer B. greater C. strongerD. wealthier46. A. figures B. descriptions C. countriesD. benefits47. A. severe B. slight C. further D. general48. A. overtake B. qualify C. fight D. require49. A. two-way B. all-inclusive C. officialD. legal50. A. Supporters B. Advocates C. Critics D. Authorities51. A. otherwise B. nevertheless C. thereforeD. besides52. A. Global B. Industrial C. National D. Economical53. A. encourages B. restricts C. forbids D. forces54. A. stop B. continue C. failD. refuse55. A. globalization B. transformation C. specialization D. identificationSection B22%Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by severalquestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given inthe passage you have just read.AThe Harlem RenaissanceThe word “renaissance” means “rebirth”. The Harlem Renaissance took placeduring the 1920s. It was a time when the African American artistic community grewand flourished, producing a ton of work in a short period of time. The work celebrated African American culture and spoke to their experiences as minorities---both the good parts and the bad parts.After the Civil War, many African Americans left the South to escape unfair treatment and laws that discriminated against them. Between 1910 and 1920, massive numbers ofblack Southerners moved from the rural south into the urban North and West in theGreat Migration. The African American population of Chicago more than doubled during that time! And in New York, African Americans flocked to uptown Manhattan, settingin a neighborhood called Harem. Forming a community within the big city let AfricanAmericans keep their cultural identity in a white-dominated society. It was a goodthing, and a lot of important cultural issues were brought to light during the Harlem Renaissance. One of the most important figures of the time was the African Americanwriter, W. E.B Du Bois. In his book, The Souls of Back Folk, in 1903, Du Bois wrotethat African Americans suffered from something called “double consciousness”. They had their own self-image while they saw themselves through the eyes of white Americans. And performers like Josephine Baker and Paul Robeson brought African American culture to all New Yorkers. The Renaissance was so influential that “Harlem” grew into something of a brand nameAfrican Americans were pushing boundaries across all aspects of society. Blackbusinesses began to flourish, creating a growing middle class, like Madame C.J. Walker, who tuned her cosmetics line into a million dollar empire. All together, the artists, and thinkers of this period helped mobilize the larger black population. Young African-Americans took advantage of improved access to higher education. This openedup new career paths and opportunities to attain advanced degrees. Perhaps most importantly, people---black and white---began the push for racial integration, planting the seeds of what would eventually become the civil rights movement of the1960s.56. Why did many African Americans leave the South after the Civil War?A. To escape slaveryB. To find jobs in agricultureC. To avoid racial discriminationD. To gain citizenship57. How did W.E.B. Du Bois contribute to the Harlem Renaissance?A. He led to movement to return to AfricaB. He composed folk music based on African American themeC. He wrote plays about the African-American experienceD. He wrote about the struggle for African-American identity58. What can you infer about the economic status of African Americans prior to theHarlem Renaissance?A. Nearly all were unemployed at that timeB. The vast majority were considered lower classC. Most were regarded as middle classD. A large percentage were recognized as wealthy59. What actor allowed many more Africa Americans to pursue careers in fields likemedicine and law?A. Spread of black businessesB. Access to higher educationC. Shift from agriculture to industryD. Push for unity among all AfricansBSydney Opera House ToursWe offer three different tours of this iconic buildingsThe Essential Tour brigs to life the story behind the design and construction of one theworld’s most famous landmarks. Using interactive audio-visual technology, your The tour concludes with a complimentary breakfast in the Green Room, the private dining area of performers past and present.guide will take you on a memorable journey inside the youngest building ever to be WorldHeritage listed.Afterwards, why not stay around and eat at theStudio Café, with its modern Australian menu?You can both enjoy the best views in Sydney and claim a 20% r eduction on the total cost of your meal. (Don’t forget to show your ticket inorder to claim your discount)Language: English, French, GermanTakes place: Daily between 9am and 5pmPrices: Adult $35/ Online $29. 75Concessions: Australian seniors and pensioners; students and children of 16 andunder $24.50Prior bookings are not essential.--------------------------------------------------------------The Backstage Tour gives you backstage accessto the Sydney Opera House. It is a unique opportunity to experience the real-life dramas behind the stage! You might even get to standon the concert hall stage, take up a conductor’s baton in the orchestra pit andimagine you are leading the performance. Youwill also get to see inside the stars’dressing rooms. Takes place: Daily at 7amPrices: $155. No concessions.To purchase: Booking are essential. Limited to 8 people per tour.Online sales expire at 4:30 pm twodays prior.Notes: The tour includes up to 300steps. Flat, rubber-soled shoes must be worn. For safety reasons, children of 12 years old and under are not permitted.----------------------------------------------------------------Opera High Tea consists of tour where you will walk in the footsteps of world-class singers, dancers and musicians, followed by fine food and music in the spectacular surroundings of the Bennelong Dining Room. What could be better than a treat of delicious light snacks andsoft drinks followed by a live recital by a leading Australian singer?An unforgettable treat for young and old!Takes place: Every second Wed, 2pm Duration: 1.5 hoursPrices: $45 per personBook online or visit the Guided ToursDesk.60. A traveler will enjoy a performance if he chooses ________.A. the Essential TourB. the Backstage TourC. Opera High TeaD. any of thetours61. Joining the Backstage Tour, a traveler _____.A. is allowed to wear sneakers when standing on the stageB. will have an opportunity to be the conductor of the orchestraC. can take his big family of 8 members to free breakfastD. can buy the discount ticket the day before the tour62. If a couple who travelled with their 17-year-old son joined the Essential Tourand had a meal of $150 there ,what would the lowest cost be if paid in cash?A. $203.25B. $214.5C. $225D. $239.25CA sensational new scientific discovery in the ocean near Australia may explainthe most massive extinction of living things in Earth’s his tory. For years, scholars have been frustrated in trying to analyze why 90 to 95 percent of sea life and 75percent of and life vanished about 250 million years ago. The extinctions were soenormous that they are called The Great Dying. To date, some authorities on ancientlife thought that a volcanic eruption or a sudden change in the environment affectedall life on Earth. Other specialists have doubted these theories, maintaining thatit was not plausible that a solo volcano could bring about such chaos. From the outset, critics believed these claims were exaggerated.By contrast, there is wide acceptance of the idea that a meteor (流星)which hit Mexico’s Yucatan peninsula 65 million years ago was the primary cause of the dinosaurs’ extinction. Nevertheless, until now they had no evidence of an intense meteor impact 185 mill on years earlier. Now they do.American geologists have been examining rock samples from a deep sea crater (火山口)near the northwest coast of Australia. The samples were initially collected andpreserved by petroleum technicians seeking oil. Now the geologists and their colleagues believe that the precise splits in th e rock’s structure show a typical pattern for meteors. There is a clear distinction from volcanic patterns. In fact,a spokesperson went so far as to say that these rocks completely revise the wayscientists perceive the mass extinctions from the ancient era. Academics say thatthe meteor’s crater s the size of Mount Qomolangma, the highest mountain on Earth! Literally, the meteor made a mark on Earth as it drowned in the sea. The Earth couldnot absorb such a harsh blow without sustaining global devastation. Things must have come to a standstill. Evidently, the blow was fatal for many forms of life.Bear in mind that all this was long before mammals---including humans--emergedin Earth’s history. Still, we would be wise to pay attention to the damage a meteorcan cause. Fortunately, meteor strikes on Earth are few and far between.63. The word “plausible” (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to“______”.A. availableB. incredibleC. reasonableD. ridiculous64. Why didn’t the meteor affect human bein gs?A. Because they were very resistantB. Because there weren’t any thenC. Because they lived in isolated areasD. Because they hid themselves in the caves65. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Scholars agreed that a single volcano caused The Great DyingB. 75 percent of land life continued 250 million years agoC. Volcanic rocks and meteors have different patternsD. When the meteor hit land Mount Qomolangma sprang up.66. What is the best title for the passageA. The Dinosaurs’ EndB. Crater on QomolangmaC. Contradictory ClaimsD. A Meteor’s ImpactSection C8%Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentencegiven in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two moresentences than you need.A. In daily life, imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously hold poor role models.B. Creative people have an endless resource of ideas.C. It is how to use imagination creatively that troubles us.D. Why foll ow someone else’s way of cooking when I could create my own?E. But if you begin to enter this field, imitation proves useful.F. If you are going to follow someone, focus on their talent, not their bad character or unacceptable behaviors.Blind imitation is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their uniqueworth, imitation appears attractive; to those who know their strength, imitation isunacceptable.In the early stages of skill or character development imitation is helpful. WhenI first learned to cook. I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes. But soonI grew bored. ____67______Imitating role models is like using training wheels on a child’s bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and fartherwithout relying on them.___68_____If, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If youdo not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others.In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen. But when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous._____69_____Blessed is the person willing to at on their sudden desire to create somethingunique. Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, notdesperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them.____70_____The problem a creatorfaces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knockingat the door of imagination.Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind whatdoes not serve you. Then you can say, “I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors’　tragedies and declare victory, and know that they are cheering me on.”IV. Summary Writing 10%Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Better Memory Causes BoredomA new study shows that the better your short-term memory, the faster you feel fedup and decide you’ve had enough. The findings appear in the Journal of ConsumerResearch.Noelle Nelson, assistant professor of marketing and consumer behavior at theUniversity of Kansas School of Business. She and her colleague Joseph Redden at theUniversity of Minnesota tried to think outside the lunch box. “Something that was interesting to me is that some people get tired of things at very different rates.When you think about pop songs on the radio, some people must still be enjoying themand requesting them even after hearing them a lot. But a lot of other people are really sick of those same songs.” The difference, the researchers supposed, might have todo with memories of past consumption.The researchers tested the memory capacity of undergraduates. The students thenviewed a repeating series of three classic paintings like The Starry Night, American Gothic, and The Scream or listened and re-listened to a series of three pop songsor three pieces of classical music. Throughout the test, the participants were asked to rate their experience on a scale of zero to ten. And the better a participant scored in the memory test, the faster they got bored.“We found that people with larger capacities remembered more about the music orart, which led to them getting tired of the music or art more quickly. So remembering more details actually made the participants feel like they’d experienced the musicor art more often.” The findings suggest that marketers could cope with our desirefor their products by figuring out ways to distract us and keep us from fullyremembering our experiences. We c ould also trick ourselves into eating less junk food by recalling the experience of a previous snack. As for kids easily bored, just tellthem to forget about it---it might help them have more fun.V. Translation 15%Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words givenin the brackets.72.比起节食，我宁愿多做运动来减肥。