上海市宝山区2018届高三英语二模试卷及答案

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2018年上海各区高三英语二模——语法填空

【2018-宝山区-二模】Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.How Much of the Jetsons' World Has Become a Reality?For most of our readers, The Jetsons may be an unfamiliar name. However, for many Americans born in or before the 1980s, it is a name we fondly remember. The Jestsons was a popular cartoon that featured a family living in an advanced world (21)______people settle in houses built in the sky, work only three days a week and drive flying cars that resemble flying saucers. While sky-high houses and three-day workweeks don’t appear to be on the horizon, other visions of the future (22)______(turn) into practical realities.Flying cars have been on the minds of scientists and inventors for decades. They are part of a typical imaging of the future fast-paced and luxurious, (23)______(allow) us to speed through the skies. As (24)______ (see) in The Sky’s No longer the Limit, this flight of fancy may soon be a reality in Dubai. Aiming (25)______ (become) the world’s most advanced city, Dubai is currently testing the first-ever flying taxi.(26)______ money still exists in its current cash-based form in The Jetsons, people today are looking toward a world where even cash is out-of-date. Bitcoin is a type of digital money that has taken the world by storm. Since its introduction, the money’s price (27)______ (increase) to rates as high as US$ 19,000. This, however, may not predict well for the future of digital currency, as experts warn that Bitcoin is a bubble and (28)______ crash soon. It’s possible that some dreams of the future may still be (29)______ ______ our reach.Other more probable technologies already exist, for example, future flying eye hospitals in A Hospital with Wings, unusual-engineered folding paper in Clever Folding and the population ofendangered corals(珊瑚) in Lab-are already capable of. So, what else could the future have in store for us?21 where22 have been/are /are being turned23 allowing24. seen/is seen27. has increased28may/might/can/could 25.to become26While/Though/Although29 out of30. what【2018-崇明区-二模】Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.China’s Good Samaritan Law (见见见见见) Takes EffectChina’s Good Samaritan Law went into effect on October 1 to encourage people who are ready to help others. Under the law, people who voluntarily offer emergency assistance to those who are, or who they believe to be, injured, ill or in danger, will not have civil responsibility in the event of harm to the victims.The new law aims to ease the reluctance people feel toward helping strangers for fear of legal consequences if they make mistakes in treatment. It is a response to the phenomenon of people (21)_____ (hesitate) to help fallen senior citizens due to concern that they might be blackmailed (见见) later.There has been no shortage of cases over the past decade (22)_____ people hesitated to offer assistance to those who are in need. And some good Samaritans have been blackmailed for charitable acts. In 2011, a two-year-old girl known as Xiao Yueyue was run over by two cars, and 18 people passed by (23)_____ offering emergency help. The girl died after days of medical treatment. In 2014, a man from Guangdong Province aided a senior citizen, but (24)_____ (accuse) of knocking him down. The man committed suicide when (25)_____ (face) with demands for a large sum of money.These cases (26)_____ (arouse) debate about morality and heroism in China in recent years. “If you don’t provide help, you will blame yourself, but if you do help, you are likely (27)_____ (hurt) by the people you help. It is really a difficult choice,” one netizen said on Sina Weibo.(28)_____ there had been calls for a national Good Samaritan law, only a few cities pushed ahead with such laws before the nationwide law came into effect.However, some experts are concerned (29)_____ there could be some danger from a nationwide Good Samaritan Law. “Rescuers who know little about first aid could bring serious harm to people in critical conditions,” said Yang Lixin, a professor at the Renmin University of China. He hoped the government (30)_____ introduce details of the policy soon while encouraging people to voluntarily offer assistance.21. hesitating22. where23. without24. was accused25. faced 26. have aroused27. to be hurt28. Although/Though/While29. that30. could【2018-奉贤区-二模】Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Time to End LonelinessUS author Henry Rollins once wrote: “Loneliness adds beauty to life. It puts a special burn on sunsets and makes night air smell better.” Indeed, in the eyes of artists, loneliness never seems to go out of style. There are paintings that portray loneliness, songs that (21)_______ (inspire) by loneliness, and many works of literature that center around this theme.In the eyes of UK economist Rachel Reeves, however, loneliness is far from romantic. Instead, it’s a “giant evil” that’s become a serious problem in the country.On Jan 17, UK Prime Minister Theresa May appointed politician Tracey Crouch as the country’s very first “Minister for Loneliness”. Her job is (22)_______ (deal) with the loneliness that the country’s been feeling — a problem which, according to UK government research, is affecting more than 9 million people in the country, and (23) ________ be more harmful to one’s physical and mental health than smoking 15 cigarettes a day.Back in 2014, the UK was given the title of the “loneliness capital of Europe” by The Telegraph. A survey carried out by the newspaper found that British people were (24)________ (likely) to get to know their neighbours or build strong relationships with people than those from other European countries.But this doesn’t mean it is the problem (25)________ (affect) Britons only. In fact, we’re all suffering from loneliness now more than ever, in spite of most of the world now being linked to the internet, (26) ________ has enabled us to be more connected than ever.(27)________ we need, according to Kim Leadbetter, sister of the late UK politician Jo Cox, is to have “proper human connections”.“Our lives nowadays are so busy. We spend the vast majority of our time on our phones, on our laptops. (28)________ ________ ________ busy we are, we need to press pause on that and actually sit down and speak to human beings,” Leadbetter said at an event last year.But the first steps toward (29)________ (fight) this problem are to accept its existence and not be ashamed or frightened by it. After all, (30)________ loneliness, many beautiful paintings, songs, and literary works wouldn’t even exist. Whether it is “evil” or not, being lonely is simply part of the experience of being human.21. are inspired22.to deal23.can/may24. less likely25. affecting26. which27. what28. No matter how29. fighting30. without【2018-虹口区-二模】Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Nook’s arrival, Good or Bad?Booklovers, most of them, will tell you (21)______ a pleasure it is to lend a favorite read to a friend – the novel you stayed up all night to get to the end of; the travel book that made you feel (22)____ ____ you yourself were on a train ride through India. For a while it seemed that e-book users were to be denied this pleasure of lending to friends. You could buy a book or magazine for your reading device, but you couldn’t lend it out.But now, with the Nook, the US book chain Barnes and Noble’s response to Amazon’s Kindle, electronic readers will be able to have their latest literary enthusiasm (23)_____ (press) on their friends, just like readers of physical books can. You simply email the book from your Nook and your friend can read it for two weeks, (24)______ (use) any device with the Barnes & Noble e-book reader software. It’s a big improvement from previous e-book readers.The Nook offers other features too. You read in black and white on the main screen, just like with Kindle. The difference is (25)______ on the lower part of the device there’s a color touchscreen, (26)______ allows you to browse through a book or magazine, but goes black when you’re not using it so that you save power.(27)______ exciting thing about the Nook is that it offers Wi-Fi, arguably a big advance on previous e-book readers. Customers in the United States can use the Internet connection (28)______ (read) whole e-books at Barnes and Noble’s hundreds of bookstores for free. None of Barnes and Noble’s competitors can come close to this.But the Nook, ironically, (29)______ (turn out) to be a money-loser for Barnes and Noble, or at least a job-loser for Barnes and Noble’s employees. According to Marian Maneker at The Big Money Website, (30)______ the Nook is successful it might take sales from the company’s bookstores, eventually forcing their closure and the loss of thousands of jobs.21. what22. as if/though23. pressed24. using25. that26. which27. Another28.to read29. has turned out (turns out) 30. if【2018-黄浦区-二模】Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Wildlife Secrets of Nigeria’s Last WildernessResearchers from Chester Zoo, working with the Nigeria National Park Service, surveyed over 1,000 square kilometres of the national park. Known (21) _____ its mountain rainforests and rolling grasslands, it is home to some of West Africa’s most threatened animals.The cameras (22) _____ (spot) some animals that have never been recorded before in the area and others, like chimps（黑猩猩）, (23)_____ are rarely seen. Stuart Nixon, the Africa Field Programme Co-ordinator at Chester Zoo, said confirmation of the locations of chimps was an important discovery. “Gashaka’s been regarded for many years as (24) _____ (have) the biggest population of this Nigeria-Cameroon chimp,” he said. “We consider it the most important population—that’s really (25) _____ we need to count it and see what the status of the chimp is right now—that will eventually affect what we know about this subspecies elsewhere.”The chimp (26) _____ (endanger) across its range in Cameroon and Nigeria. Its total population is down to fewer than 9,000 individuals, of which about 1,000 are thought (27) _____ (live) within the borders of the national park. “It’s an amazing tool to use these camera traps and toreveal that this park—which is a (28) _____ (forget) wilderness, really, for Nigeria—still has a really important store of important species for Nigeria and Africa in general,” said Stuart Nixon.Chester Zoo is funding guards for the rangers and providing training in wildlife monitoring and protection. “This work is helping us learn more about the secrets of one of our last wilderness areas and we must continue to work together to ensure (29) _____ survival for future generations,” said Stuart Nixon, “(30) _____ all this beauty were lost, it would be a terrible tragedy for all.”21. for22. spotted23. which24. having25. why 26. is endangered27. to live28. forgotten29. its30. If【2018-嘉定区-二模】Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Stephen Hawking: Science’s Brightest StarHis family released a statement in the early hours of Wednesday morning confirming his deathat his home in Cambridge.Hawking’s children, Lucy, Robert and Tim, said in a statement: “We are deeply saddened thatour beloved father passed away today. He was a great scientist and an extraordinary man (21)______ work and legacy will live on for many years.”For fellow scientists and loved ones, it was Hawking’s intuition and wicked sense of humor (22)______ marked him out as much as the fierce intellect that, coupled with his illness, came to symbolize (23)______ unbounded possibilities of the human mind.Hawking was driven to Wagner, but not the bottle, when he (24)______ (diagnose) with motor neurone disease in 1963 at the age of 21. Doctors expected him (25)______ (live) for only two more years. But Hawking had a form of the disease that progressed more slowly than usual. He survivedfor more than half a century.Hawking once estimated he worked only 1,000 hours during his three undergraduate years at Oxford. In his finals, he came close (26) ______ a first-and second-class degree. (27)______ (convince) that he was seen as a difficult student, he told his examiners that if they gave him a firsthe would move to Cambridge to pursue his PhD. Award a second and he threatened to stay. They opted for a first.Those who live in the shadow of death are often those who live most. For Hawking, the early diagnosis of his terminal disease, and (28) ______ (witness) the death from leukemia of a boy he knew in hospital, aroused a fresh sense of purpose. “(29) ______ there was a cloud hanging over my future, I found, to my surprise, that I was enjoying life in the present more than before. I began to make progress with my research,” he once said. Taking up his career in earnest, he declared: “My goal is simple. It is a complete understanding of the universe, why it is (30)______ it is and why it exists at all.”21.whose22. that23. the24. was diagnosed25. to live 26. between27. Convinced28. witnessing29.Although/ though/While30. what/as【2018-金山区-二模】Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.I was eighteen, summer fading, when my parents drove me to my university apartment. It wasmy first apartment. ___21___ (walk) my parents solemnly back to their car, I noticed that my mother had tears in her eyes. I ___22___ (struggle) to hold back my own. Such a strong woman wasshe ___23___ it was rare to see such a show of emotion. At the time, I was rather surprised. Beingthe youngest of five children, I thought that my parents were accustomed to ___24___ (let) go. But maybe it’s something that never gets any easier, ___25___ _______ _______ many practice swingsyou get. As my parents drove off, I realized that they would return to an empty home, ___26___ allof their children leaving to pursue dreams and lives of their own. Their nest, full of love and joy forso long, was now empty. Relishing ( 憧憬) my new-found freedom, I concentrated on my college life. My parents did their best to give me space to learn and grow, even if I neglected to call or visit.It was a time of “firsts,” and a taste of first “lasts.”I have recently been playing Travel Frog, a mobile game that has me emotionally ___27___ (influence). In the game you gather resources, send your frog on his adventures and your payoff is,*drum roll please* ... postcards. That’s right, postcards. I thought it was a silly, overly-simplistic game at first, but then it started to bring back memories from long ago.While the game lacks the narrative detail or the interactivity of other games, you have a lesson___28___ (learn) from your itinerant ( 四处奔波的) “Frog Son”. You do not control when hesets off on his adventures, ___ 29___ can you be sure that your hard work will land you a coveted ( 梦寐以求的) postcard. This game, however, has emotionally affected many players. They ___30___ (remind) of their parents who restlessly await their return home, their familiar voices, their love. Parents sacrifice a large part of themselves for their children. It is a sacrifice that can only be paid back with love.21. Walking22. struggled23. that24. letting28. to learn25. no matter how26. with27. influenced29. nor30. are reminded / have been reminded【2018-静安区-二模】Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Uh-oh, the new year's just begun and already you're finding it hard to keep those resolutionsto junk the junk food, get off the couch or kick smoking. There's a biological reason why a lot ofour bad habits are so hard to break – they get （21）______(wire) into our brains."Why are bad habits stronger? You're fighting against the power of an immediate reward," says Dr. Nora Volkow, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse and an authority on the brain's pleasure pathway."We all as creatures are behaving that way, to give greater value to an immediate reward as opposed to (22)______ is delayed," V olkow says.How this bit of happiness turns into a habit involves a pleasure-sensing chemical named dopamine. It causes the brain (23)______(pursue) that reward again and again strengthening the connection each time – especially when it gets the right hint from your environment.People tend to overestimate their ability to resist temptations around them, thus (24)______(destroy) attempts to give up bad habits. Even scientists who recognize it (25)______ showweakness. "I know popcorns are not healthy. But every time I go to the cinema, I have to eat it,"V olkow says，"It's fascinating."A movement to pay people for behavior changes may exploit that connection, as some companies offer employees outright payments or insurance reduction for adopting better habits.(26)______well paying for behavior plays out, researchers say there are still some steps that may help fight your brain's hold (27)______ newly-established habits:Repeat, repeat, repeat the new behavior – the same routine at the same time of day. You decide to exercise. Doing it at the same time of the morning, rather than fitting it in casually, (28)______ (make) the striatum(终脑皮层)recognize the habit. Therefore, if you don’t keep doing it, you will feel frustrated.Exercise itself raises dopamine levels, so eventually your brain will get a feel-good hit (29)______ ______ your muscles protest.Besides, try to reward yourself with (30)______ that you really desire. For instance, if you exercise all week or stick to your diet, you could try a fancy restaurant - safer perhaps than a box of cookies because the price inhibits the quantity.21-wired 22. what 23. to pursue 24. destroying 25. can 26. However 27. on 28. makes 29. even if/even though 30. something【2018-闵行区，松江区-二模】Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Aunt Jane is now well over seventy, but she is still a great cinema-goer. The cinema in our town closed down years ago and sometimes she has to travel twenty miles or more to see a good film. And once a month at least she goes up to London to see (21)________(late) foreign films. Of course she could see most of these films on television, but the idea does not attract her. “It isn’t the same,” she says. “For one thing, the screen’s too small. Besides, I like going to the cinema!”However, one thing which has always puzzled us is that (22)________ Aunt Jane has lots of friends and enjoys company, she always goes to the cinema alone. We discovered the reason for this only recently—from Mother. “It may surprise you to learn that Aunt Jane wanted to be an actress when she was young,” she told us. “She used to wait outside film studios all day, just(23)________(appear) in crowd scenes. Your aunt has probably appeared in dozens of films. Sometimes she did not even know the name of the film they (24)________(make). Therefore, she couldn’t go to see (25)________ in the film at the cinema!“All the time, of course, she was looking for a small part in a film. Her big chance came (26)________ they started to make a film in our town. Jane managed to meet the director at a party and he offered her (27)________ role as a shopkeeper. It really was a very small part, but it was an important moment for Jane. Before the great event, she rehearsed for days. In fact, she turned the sitting-room into a shop! We all had to help, going to and out of the shop (28)_______ she could remember her words perfectly. And (29)________ the actual day she was marvelous. Jane thought that this was the beginning of her film career!“Unfortunately, in the end, they did not include the shop scene in the film. But nobody told Jane! When the film first appeared in London, she took all her friends to see it. And of course she wasn’t in it! It was a terrible blow! She stopped (30)________(go) to film studios and gave up the idea of becoming an actress. She still loves the cinema, as you all know, but from that day she has always gone alone!”21. the latest22. though23. to appear24. were making25. herself26. when27. a28. until29. on30. going【2018-浦东区-二模】Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into the London Zoo that a wild puma (21)______(spot) forty miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts decided to investigate.The hunt (22)______ the puma began in a small village where a woman (23)______(pick) blackberries saw “a large cat” only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being (24)______ it is cornered. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at (25)______ place twenty miles away in the evening. (26)______ it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Several people complained of “cat-like noises” at night and a businessman on a (27)______(fish) trip saw the puma up a tree.The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, (28)______ where had it come from? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one (29)______ have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks,but the puma was not caught.It is disturbing (30)______(think) a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.21. had been spotted22. for23. picking24. unless26. Wherever27. fishing28. but29. must30. to think【2018-普陀区-二模】Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Jim ThompsonJim Thompson’s life story is one of success, achievement, and finally mystery because no one knows how it ended.Thompson was born in Delaware (21) _____ the east coast of the United States in 1906. After finishing high school, Thompson went to Princeton University and later studied architecture at the University of Pennsylvania. After graduation, Jim Thompson worked as an architect in New York City until 1940. Not long after this, he volunteered (22) _____ (serve) in the U.S. Army. During World War II, Thompson gathered intelligence for the army in Thailand. It was this first taste of life in the Far East (23) _____ changed Thompson’s life. He saw opportunities to develop tourism there, becoming (24) _____ (involve) in an ambitious scheme to restore the Oriental Hotel.While the hotel plan fell through, by that time Thompson had hit upon another scheme that would eventually make him a millionaire. While traveling around Thailand, he came across (25) _____ he considered exquisite (精美的) samples of handwoven Thai silk, a product that (26) _____ (become) rare. He persuaded the weavers to work with him and marketed the silk in New York, (27) _____ it became very popular. As a consequence, the Thai silk industry was revived (复兴) and the business made Thompson and some of the weavers very wealthy.With his success in the silk business, Jim Thompson continued his original interest in architecture on the side. He found six traditional Thai houses and had (28) _____ brought to Bangkok and reassembled there as one magnificent house. Today, not only is it a beautiful house inside and out, (29) _____ it is also filled with the works of art Thompson collected.In 1967 during a holiday in Malaysia, he went for a walk in the Jungle and disappeared forever. To this day, no clues (30) _____ (find) as to what happened to this wealthy American businessman who is credited with single–handedly reviving the Thai silk industry.21. on22. to serve23. that24. involved25. what26. had become 27. where 28. them 29. but 30. have been found【2018-青浦区-二模】Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The kindness of Kiwi Lotto (乐透彩票) winnersWe’ve all dreamed of winning the Lotto but what actually happens when our numbers come up? The answer is rather heart-warming. New research out today from Lotto New Zealand reveals three-quarters of Powerball winners think of sharing (21) ______ spending.One lucky Powerball winner from Tauranga was even thinking of others before his numbers came up. “A week before I won Lotto, I saw an ambulance (22) ______ side bore the name of the donor, and I thought, ‘if I ever win Lotto, that’s what I will do’ and then 10 days’ later I won,” he said. Having won $5.5 million dollars, he’s now spending a part of the money on two ambulances for his local hospital. “They’re going to say ‘(23) ______ (donate) by a Lotto winner’ on the side. I hope that it will inspire others to pay it forward if they ever find (24) ______ in a fortunate position like I have.”“My life (25) ______ (save) many years ago by a St John ambulance and it’s a marvellous feeling repaying back that kindness.” It was this kind of behaviour (26) ______ led to Lotto NZ’s inspiring true story of a Kiwi man who won $15 million and, honouring a promise made long ago, went halves with his mate.2017 was the (27) ______ (lucky) year on record for Powerball winners. “Last year, there were 19 different Powerball winners — (28) ______ most of them had in common was the desire to share their good fortune.” said Emilia Mazur, General Manager Corporate Communications.“Another Tauranga man won $10 million with Powerball in July and once he got over the shock of winning, his first thought was his community and he has since shared some of his winnings to upgrade its facilities.”Group players are natural sharers — not only (29) ______ they share the winnings among themselves but they also then want to help outothers.“Everyone is just so happy, it’s created an amazing sense of freedom.” said one of the group leaders Tina. “For me personally, (30) ______ (know) how much of a significant difference you have made to your family and your circle of friends, I have a feeling that I have never experienced. It’s an unquantifiable feeling — it’s magic.”。

宝山区高三二模(含答案)

宝山区2017学年第二学期期末高三年级英语学科教学质量监测试卷n . Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passagecohere nt and grammatically correct. For the bla nks with a give n word, fill in each bla nk with the proper form of the give n word; for the other bla nks, use one word that best fits each bla nk.How Much of the Jetsons ' World Has Become a Reality?For most of our readers, The Jetsons may be an unfamiliar name. However, for many American born in or before the 1980s, it is a name we fondly remember. The Jetsons was a popular cartoon that featured a family livi ng in an adva need world _______________________ 21 __people settle in houses built in the sky, work only three days a week and drive flying cars that resemble flyi ng saucers. While sky-high houses and three-day workweeks don 'appear to be on the horiz on, other visi ons of the future ______________________________ 22 __ (turn )into practical realities.Flying cars have bee n on the minds of scie ntists and inven tors for decades. Theyare part of a typical imagi ng of the future fast-paced and luxurious, __ 23 _(allow ) us to speed through the skies. As __ 24 ___ (see) in The Sky's No Ion gerthe Limit , this flight of fancy may soon be a reality in Dubai. Aiming ____ 25 __(become) the world 's most advaneed city, Dubai is currently testing the first-everflying taxi.__ 26 __ money still exists in its current cash-based form in The Jetsons, people today are look ing toward a world where even cash is out-of-date. Bitco in is a type of digital money that has take n the world by storm. Since its in troduct ion, the mon ey's price 27 (in crease ) to rates as high asUS$ 19,000. This, however,may not predict well for the future of digital currency, as experts warn that Bitcoinis a bubble and __ 28 __ crash soon. It 's possible that some dreams of the futuremay still be __ 29 _________ our reach.Other more probable tech no logies already exist, for example, future flying eyehospitals in A Hospital with Wings , unu sual-e ngin eered foldi ng paper in Clever Folding and the population of endangered corals (珊瑚)in Lab-Bred Coral to the Rescue,etc. All these show ______ 30 __ humans are already capable of. So, what else could thefuture have in store for us?Section BDirections : After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you n eed.Computer reads brain activity to find out the music each pers on is liste ning toIn the experiment, six volunteers heard 40 pieces of classical music, rock, pop,jazz, and others. The Neural (神经的) fingerprint of each song on participants 'brain was 31 by the Magnetic Resonance (MR machine while a computer was learningto ide ntify the brain patter ns draw n out by each musical piece. Musical _ 32 _such as tone, volume, rhythm and beat were take n in acco unt by the computer.After that, researchers expected that the computer would be able to do the__ 33 __ way: ide ntify which song participa nts were liste ning to, based on theirbrain activity —tech nique known as brain decodi ng. When faced two opti ons, the computer showed up to 85% __________________ 34 __ in identifying the correct song, which is a greatperforma nee, compari ng to previous studies.Researchers then pushed the test even _______ 35 __ by providing not two but 10 options(e.g. one correct and nine wrong) to the computer. In this situation, the computer correctly identified the song in 74% of the decisions.In the future, studies on brain decoding and machine learning will create possibilities of com muni cati on _ 36 __ any kind of writte n or spoke n Ian guage.“ Machines will be able to translate our musical thoughts into songs, ” says Sebastian Hoefle, researcher from D 'Or In stitute and PhD stude nt from Federal Uni versity of Rio de Jan eiro, Brazil. The study is a result of a _____________________ 37 __ betwee n Brazilia nresearchers and colleagues from Germa ny, Finland and In dia.Accord ing to Hoefle, brain decodi ng researches provide _ 38 __ to un dersta ndn eural functioning and in teract with it using artificial in tellige nee. In the future,he experts to find answers for _______ 39 _ like “ what musical characteristics make some people love a song while others don 't? Is our brain __ 40 __ to prefer a specifickind of music? ”川.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections : For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each bla nk with the word or phrase that best fits the con text.Havi ng a clear picture in mi nd of what their future will look like can motivatestude nts to keep going despite the challe nges of college life. This __ 41 __ seemsto be particularly effective for female students from relatively low socioeconomic status (SES backgrounds says Mesmin Destin of Northwestern University in the US.College is a time of great opport unity for some, but can be __ 42 __ for others.It is often the first time that many students are away from the regular and familiar support of their family and friends. Weak students from lower SESbackgrounds often encounter greater financial and psychological challenges than others, and this canlead to _____ 43 _ and even withdrawal from difficult situations, such as whenin teracti ng with their lecturers or tak ing tests and exams.Desti n and his colleagues wan ted to un dersta nd if stude nts ' _________ 44 __ to academic challenges improve when they look forward to the future. This idea is built around the theory of identity-based motivation. It holds that people can take positive action during times of unfavorable conditions when they ___45___ a successful future for themselves.“ The theory of identity-based motivation proposes that stimulating a focus on a successful future identity may be especially ___46___ in motivating students who are weak during challenging academic situations to develop a sense of action readiness, ”explains Destin. This involves feeling ready and able to take appropriate action when ___47___ difficulty.In two almost identical laboratory experiments —one involving 93 female students, the other 185 students ( including 101 women) -- participants were first asked either to write about their past or their future ___48___. After their deep thoughts, the participants were filmed during an limited interview with a so-called lecturer, and then had to ___49___ a difficult academic test. The research team noted whether participants 'body language was bold and confident, and measured the amount of effort participants '___50___ the academic test.The results were in agreeme nt with the theory of ide ntity -based motivati on. Destin and his team found that having a successful future identity can prevent especially female students from lower SES backgrounds from ___51___ during challenging academic situations. Specially, lower SES women who wrote about their future identities displayed greater action ___52___ compared to those who considered their past. They showed more confident body language. It helped them to make more effort to tackle the test, and had an indirect effect on their ___53___.“ Simulating imagined successful future identities appears to provide a ___54___ pathway to enable weak students to effectively navigate everyday stressors, ”says Destin. “ The findings ___55___ suggest that certain students may benefit from strategies that remind them to image their successful futures before any difficult and important task that they might otherwise be likely to avoid. ”41. A. instruction B. strategy C. challenge D. psychology42. A. disgraceful B. shameful C. harmful D.stressful43. A. hesitation B. intention C. depression D decision44. A. willingness B. options C. responses D. applications45. A. destroy B. imagine C. abandon D.substitute46. A. powerful B. upright C. unique D.ambitious47. A. avoiding B. overcoming C. surrendering D. encountering48. A. experience B. suffering C. success D. failure49. A. design B. complete C. comment D. revise50. A. put away B. put on C. put out D. putinto51. A. withdrawing B. transforming C. advancing D. engaging52. A. quantity B. dullness C. readiness D. inability53. A. fascination B. ignorance C. dilemma D. performance54. A. tolerable B. potential C. straight D. academic55. A. therefore B. however C. otherwise D. meanwhileSection BDirections ：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）I believe in getting lost. Lost in the text of the novel that is particular to your thoughts and feelings that you consider special. The song that reminds you of your childhood summers, where you close your eyes and lose yourself reliving a memory; feeling the warm wind brushing against your arm, the smell of the dusty sand that you stir up as you ride your bicycle, murmuring the tune of that song. Like the unprepared Sunday Drive, with no destination. You're free to wander, take paths thatyou 've never noticed, discover places you haven 't been. Then falling off on the path to lead you back home, leaving you to test directions and alertly absorb your surroundings in order to find your way back; that kind of lost.I get lost daily, whether it 's in thought, or the unplanned drive I just decided to go on. Getting lost is an adventurous learning experience that trains you how to be more aware of your surroundings. A few of my most favorite memories involve physically getting lost. That one late night trip back to Ludington from Grand Rapids I took with a few friends. We finally realized we were going the wrong way when we hit South Haven, almost three hours out of our way. There was also the time where I got lost in the De Vos Place in Grand Rapids after the President 's Ball and thenthe parking garage for a solid two hours. I felt like my life was that one scene of an American television situation comedy, minus the air conditioner. At the time, these are nervous experiences that get your anxiety pumping. You 're fearful thatyou won 'tbe safe, but it always works itself out in the end. Physically losing yourself prepares you for how you manage when you emotionally or mentally lose yourself.You don 'always have to be lost in a literal sense to “get lost ” and some ofthe time, losing yourself may not be a positive experienee. There are times where I lose sight of who I am. While lost, I test our metaphorical paths and sometimes they turn out to be the right direetion and other times they were a wrong turn. I make note of these wrong turns, so I can avoid them further on up the road of finding my way back to who I am.In Walde n, Henry David Thoreau wrote “ Not till we are lost, in other words nottill we have lost the world, do we begin to find ourselves, and realize where we are and the infinite extent of our relations. ” Getting lost fuels my curiosity andteaches me lessons on finding my way back to the right track. I believe in getting lost through day dreams, a misplacement, adventures, and difficult times where youmake discoveries about yourself and the atmosphere around you. In order to truly find yourself, I believe that you should put down the map and get wonderfully lost.56. In the first paragraph, the author mainly expresses that ____ .A. lost in a novel is a special feeli ngB. songs remind us of past experie ncesC. wan deri ng is a won derful discoveryD. gett ing lost brings usben efits57. The author men tio ns the experie nces of physically gett ing lost (in paragraph2) in order to say _______ .A. physically gett ing lost is most difficult to deal withB. we can enjoy trips while physically getting lostC. people are easy to get physically lost in our daily lifeD. we realize our surro undings while physically gett ing lost58. Words from Henry David Thoreau (in the last paragraph ) imply that getting lostA. en ables us to look with in and to see outwardB. pulls people back into the previous mome ntC. en ables us to remind ourselves of adve nturesD. helps us enjoy ourselves wherever we are59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. I Once Was LostB. Won derfully LostC. Physically Getti ng LostD. Men tally Getti ng Lost(B)Two in three America ns shower once a day or more, accord ing to a YouGov poll.Here ' why you might be better off showering less frequently (and here are other ways you_might_be_showering_wrong_ )K ①o x山 u 0ro E」4u - p①-ro o pU 6上申窘ui =4JS P st V /T 3E p -n c」1 [ A] @¥46U-MO--O4①£ 一1七msns① p >o」d MessedSz-L. •s-seqA -ro p r o c o 6u_」eM0lls luo 」4o6c snoAs l u=① u①g .0•ss ①-6u匸①MollsLI6no 」£noAc o①peiuslo①匸①-n4lu」£•」9o q pue①」oiu」QM0lls1 Moll c o①養C 8noA ①。

2018上海各区高三英语二模——Summary

【2018-宝山区-二模】IV. Summary Writing71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) ofthe passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Screen-addicted teens are unhappyA new study explored the link between adolescent life satisfaction and screen time.Researchers found that teens who spent more time in front of screen devices -- playing computergames, using social media, texting and video chatting -- were less happy than those who investedmore time in non-screen activities like sports, reading newspapers and magazines, andface-to-face social interaction.Total screen avoidance doesn't lead to happiness either. The greater unhappiness among thosewith no screen exposure could be due to several factors, Twenge, the leading researcher said. “could be that they are left out of the social scene of high school, that it’s very difficult to friendships in high school these days without texting at all or being on soc ial media.” It is alsopossible that those kids are outliers, Twenge said —teens with special needs or in specialeducation, or those whose screens have been taken away from them by parents.The key to digital media use and happiness is limited use. The happiest teens used digitalmedia a little less than an hour per day. But after a daily hour of screen time, unhappiness risessteadily along with increasing screen time, the researchers report in the journal Emotion."Make effort to spend no more than two hours a day on digital media, and try to increase theamount of time you spend seeing friends face-to-face and exercising -- two activities reliablylinked to greater happiness." Twenge said."By far the largest change in teens' lives between 2012 and 2016 was the increase in the amount oftime they spent on digital media, and the following decline in in-person social activities andsleep," the leading researcher said. "The arrival of the smartphone is the most reasonableexplanation for the sudden decrease in teens' psychological well-being."Researchers found Teens who spent less time in front of screens and more time in non-screenactivities were happier. But totally avoiding/breaking away from screens can be unpleasant.Limited use of digital media along with non-screen activities works better. The arrival ofsmartphones brings about teens’ negative psychological effects.【2018-崇明区-二模】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of thepassage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Do Smartphones Make Us Smarter?Should teachers allow cellphones in a classroom? A recent study on the way smartphonesdisturb learning might help explain the issue. Researchers published findings showing howstudents were affected by their phones in the classroom. They explored the differences in studentperformance in four situations: open phone use allowed, phones allowed in the classroom butcould not be used, no phones in the classroom and a no-instruction control group. After watchinga 20-minute video, students took a short quiz. The result was that the students in a room withoutany cellphones performed significantly better on the test. Scientists believe the way we attachourselves to our phones could be the problem.Smartphones have become so strongly established in society that many people are lostwithout them. We are now in an age when many people can’t imagine life without a phone. There is even a name for the anxiety caused by not having one—nomophobia, which is the powerfulfeeling people get when they don’t have signal, their battery is about to die, or they are separated from their phones. Their fear of missing out on important information or connections can have acontrolling effect on their lives and can divide their attention from other important things likelearning.So does information technology help or block the way we think? In the past, people relied heavily on specific knowledge and knew who in their circle of friends would be most likely toknow things in different subjects. Now, our friend with all the information is the Internet. Indications are that people don’t remember information as well if they know they can use a computer or phone to recall it quickly. So it may be more difficult to move information from the Internet into our long-term memory.all bad. Reports show that But the impact of being exposed to so much information isn’tfrequent Internet use can strengthen fast-paced problem solving and can speed up the ability to spot patterns in a lot of data.Researchers recently found smartphones influenced learning. For one thing, smartphones have become an essential part of life, without which people feel at a loss, thus distracting their attention from learning. For another, people rely so heavily on smartphones that their long-term memory can be affected. However, having access to a large amount of information also benefits people in some aspects. (60 words)【2018-奉贤区-二模】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The sharing economy has grown in recent years to include everything from apartment sharing to car sharing to community tool sharing.Since 2009, a new form of the sharing economy has been emerging in neighbourhoods throughout the US and around the world –Little Free Libraries. The libraries are boxes put in neighbourhoods from which local people can take out and put in books. Little Free Libraries comein all shapes and sizes. Some libraries also have themes, focusing on books for children, adults or tour guides.In 2009, Tod Bol built the first Little Free Library in the Mississippi River town of Hudson,Wisconsin, to honour his mother, who loved reading. When he saw the people of his communitygathering around it, exchanging conversation as well as books, he knew he wanted to take hissimple idea further.Since then, his idea has become a movement, spreading from state to state and country tocountry. According to , there are now 18,000 of the little boxes around theworld, found in each of the 50 US states and 70 countries in Europe, Africa and Asia.The Internet has helped to spread Little Free Libraries. But an Atlantic article said that theyare something different in a world of e-reader downloads. The little wooden boxes arerefreshingly physical and human. When you open the door of the box, chance and yourneighbours’ tastes determine what you’ll find. You might find a graphic novel, a cookbook or atour guidebook.main appeal. “A g irl For many people, this sense of discovery is Little Free Libraries’　walking home from school might pick up a graphic novel that gets her excited about reading; aman on his way to the bus stop might find a book of poetry that changes his view on life,”The Atlantic article. “Every book is a potential source of inspiration.”71.Little Free Libraries, composed of all sizes of boxeswith various themes, have sprung up inneighborhoods across the world. Tod Bol established the first one to honor his mother fond ofreading. After that, the idea spread internationally online. Different from e-reader downloads,books inside the wooden boxes can make readers excited or change their views etc. by inspiringthem.【虹口区-高三英语-二模】IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of thepassage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71. Clearly if we are to participate in the society in which we live, we must communicate withother people. A great deal of communicating is performed on a person-to-person basis by thesimple means of speech. If we travel in buses, buy things in shops, or eat in restaurants, we are。

2018届上海市各区高三英语二模试题汇编：阅读理解A篇（带答案已经校对）

Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)William Herschel was born on November 15th, 1738 in Hanover in a family of musicians. In 1757, he fled to England and began earning a living as an organist and later composer and conductor. In 1772, he convinced his sister Caroline to join him as a singer. In their spare time the brother-sister team became occupied in astronomy. William died at his home in Slough, near Windsor on August 25th,1822, and Caroline on September 1st,1848.Herschel’s first major discoveries were to show that Mars and Jupiter exhibit axialrotation (绕轴自转). Herschel struck fame in 1781, when on March 13th, he discovered the planet Uranus (天王星) while engaged in work aimed at determining stellar parallax (恒星视差). This being the first new planet discovered since ancient times, Herschel, until then a mere amateur astronomer relatively unknown even in England, became world-famous. Adopting a historically proven strategy, Herschel named the new planet Georgium Sidum, in honor of the then ruling English king George III. The trick worked once again, as King George III gave William and Caroline the titles of ―The King’s Astronomer‖ and ―Assistant to the King’s Astronomer‖, an honor which came with a life’s pension for both. In 1782 they moved to Bath, and shortly thereafter to S lough, and from this point on William and Caroline could devote themselves entirely to astronomy. The Herschels went on to discover two moons of Uranus in 1787.While Caroline became increasingly occupied with the search for comets at which she was quite s uccessful, William became for a time interested in the Sun. Inspired by Wilson’s 1774 work, he put forth the theory of sunspot, an opinion that continued to exist well into the nineteenth century. In 1800, he became interested in the solar spectrum (太阳光谱), and uncovered the first evidence for solar energy output outside of the visible spectrum, in what is now known as the infrared(红外线). In 1801, he published two papers that effectively started the field of solar influences on Earth’s weather.56.Herschel made himself known to the world mainly by __________.A. discovering the planet UranusB. determining stellar parallaxC. discovering two moons of UranusD. uncovering the evidence for the infrared57. It can be inferred from the passage that George III __________.A. liked science and technologyB. liked Herschel’s naming of the new planetC. was interested in astronomyD. gave Herschel a lot of useful suggestions58. What do we know about Caroline from the passage?A. She was successful in music.B. She was titled ―The King’s Astronomer‖.C. She died later than her brother.D. She published two papers.59. This passage mainly tells readers .A. some information about Herschel and his sisterB. how Herschel and his sister discovered the planet UranusC. Herschel and Caroline got along well with each otherD. Herschel and Caroline’s major scientific publicationsKeys: 56-59: A B C ASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The cold northern wind here in the streets of Petersburg strengthens my nerves and fills me with delight. I cannot think of the Pole as cold and empty;in my imagination it is a region of beauty and delight. Who knows what strange landscapes and creatures we may find there. I shall satisfy my curiosity with the sight of an unknown part of the world-and walk where no man has before.Thinking of it, I feel the same joy a child feels when he sails his little boat on a voyage ofdiscovery up his native river.This voyage was the favorite dream of my early years. My education was neglected, yet I was passionately fond of reading. Uncle Thomas's library contained only books about exploration, which I read day and night. Finally my thoughts comes to the idea of making a voyage of discovery.Six years have passed since I decided on the present voyage. I can, even now, remember the hour when I committed myself to this great enterprise. I began by making my body used to hardship. I went on whale hunting voyages to the North Sea; I voluntarily endured cold, hunger, thirst, and lack of sleep. I often worked harder than the common sailors during the day. Then, at nights, I studied mathematics, the theory of medicine,and sciences of practical importance for a seagoing adventurer. Twice I took jobs as an officer on a Greenland whaling ship. I felt a little proud when my captain asked me to remain with the ship, so valuable did he consider my services. And now, do I not deserve to achieve some great task? My life might have been passed in ease and comfort, but I preferred glory to every pleasure that wealth placed in my path.56.What does the author think of the Pole?A.It reminds him of his childhood.B. It must be a region full of surprises.C. It would fulfil his dream to be an adventurer.D. It's too cold a destination with almost nothing.57. To realize his childhood dream, the author got _______.A. physically prepared by experiencing great sufferingB. spiritually prepared by gaining captain's recognitionC. academically prepared by reading books on explorationD. financially prepared by serving on a whale hunting ship.58. According to the passage, the author is definitely a person full of _______.A. curiosityB. fancyC. perseveranceD.prideKeys:56-58: CACSection CDirections：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.(A)In 1982, I had responsibility for Stephen Hawking’s third academic book for the Press, Superspace and Supergravity. This was a messy collection of papers from a technical workshop on how to devise a new theory of gravity. While that book was in production, I suggested he try something easier: a popular book about the nature of the Universe, suitable for the general market.Stephen hesitated over my suggestion. He already had an international reputation as a brilliant theoretical physicist working on rotating black holes and theories of gravity. And he had concerns about financial matters: importantly, it was impossible for him to obtain any form of life insurance to protect his family in the event of his death or becoming totally dependent on nursing care. So, he took precious time out from his research to prepare the rough draft of a book.At the time, several bestselling physics authors had already published non-technical books on the early Universe and black holes. Stephen decided to write a more personal approach, by explaining his own research in cosmology and quantum theory.One afternoon, in the 1980s, he invited me to take a look at the first draft, but first he wanted to discuss cash. He told me he had spent considerable time away from his research, and that he expected advances and royalties(定金和版税) to be large. When I pressed him on the market that he foresaw, he insisted that it be on sale, up front, at all airport bookshops in the UK and the US. I told that was a tough call for a university press. Then I thumbed the typescript. To my dismay, the text was far too technical for a general reader.A few weeks later he showed me a revision, much improved. Eventually, he decided to place it with a mass market publisher rather than a university press. Bantam published A Brief History of Time in March 1988. Sales took off like a rocket, and it ranked as a bestseller for at least five years. The book’s impact on the popularization of science has been incalculable.56. What suggestion did the writer give to Stephen Hawking?A. Simplifying Superspace and Supergravity.B. Formulating a new theory of gravity.C. Writing a popular book on the nature of the universe.D. Revising a book based on a new theory.57. Which of the following was Stephen Hawking most concerned about?A. Financial returns.B. Other competitors.C. Publishing houses.D. His family’s life insurance.58. The underlined word ―thumbed‖ is closest in meaning to _______.A. praisedB. typedC. confirmedD. browsed59. The greatest contribution of the book A Brief History of Time lies in _______.A. bringing him overnight fame in the scientific worldB. keeping up the living standard of his familyC. making popular science available to the general publicD. creating the rocketing sales of a technical bookKeys:56-59 CADCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Warning from ExpertsA growing amount of human- made orbital debris(太空轨道残骸)---from rocket stages and out-of-date satellites---- is circling the Earth. Scientists say the orbital debris, better known as space junk, poses an increasing threat to space activities. ―This is a growing environmental problem,‖said Nicholas Johnson, the chief scientist and program manager for orbital debris at NASA(美国航空航天局) in Houston, Texas.Johnson and his team have developed a computer model capable of simulating past and future amounts of space junk. The model predicts that even without future rocket or satellite launches, the amount of debris in low orbit around Earth will steady through 2055, after which it will increase. While current efforts have focused on limiting future space junk, these scientists say removing large pieces of old space junk will soon be necessary.Since the first launch of satellite in 1957, humans have been generating space junk. The U.S. Space Surveillance Network is currently tracking over 13,000 human-made objects larger than tencentimeters in diameter orbiting the Earth. ―Of the 13,000 objects, over 40 percent came from breakups of both spacecraft and rocket bodies,‖ Johnson said. In addition, there are hundreds of thousands of smaller objects in space. These include everything from pieces of plastic to bits of paint. Much of this smaller junk has come from exploding rocket stages. Stages are sections of a rocket that have their own fuel or engines.These objects travel at speeds over 35,000 kilometers an hour. At such high speed, even small junk can tear holes in a spacecraft or disable a satellite by causing electrical shorts that result from clouds of superheated gas.Johnson believes it may be time to think about how to remove junk from space. Previous proposals range from sending up spacecrafts to grab junk and bring it down to using lasers to slow an objects orbit to cause it to fall back to Earth more quickly. Given current technology, those proposals appear neither technically nor economically practical, ―Space j unk is like any environmental problem,‖ Johnson admits. ―I t’s growing. If you don’t deal with it now, it will only become worse, and the solutions in the future are going to be even more costly.‖56. What is this passage mainly talking about?A. Advanced technology is used to remove space junk.B. NASA is responsible for the environmental problem.C. Cleaning up the space junk is greatly needed.D. Human activities generate much orbital debris.57. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?A. Rocket launches produce more debris than satellite launches.B. Space junk is endangering human beings' space activities.C.It's necessary to clean up the large pieces of old space junk.D. Even a tiny piece of space junk can destroy a spacecraft58. What does John think of the previous proposals to grab space junk and bring it down to the earth?A. Reasonable.B. Unbelievable.C. Reliable.D. Impractical.Keys:56-58 CADSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Have you ever had the experience of talking to someoneand you think they are lying?Well, you are not alone. We’veall had that feeling. But did you know that there are severalthings you can look for to see if you are being lied to?Sometimes you can tell if a person is lying by observing what they do with their body. When people are lying they tend not to move their arms, hands or legs very far from their body. They don’t want to take up very much space because they don’t want to be no ticed. Sometimes a person who is lying will not look you in the eyes. Other times people wholie try to look at you in a strong way because they want to convince you they are tellingthe truth.Liars also use deflection. For example, if you ask a liar the question ―Did you steal Fatima’s bag?‖, they may answer with something like ―Fatima is my friend. Why would Ido that?‖ In this situation the person is telling the truth, but they are also not answeringthe question. They are trying to deflect your attention. Liars may also give too many details. They may try to over-explain things. They do this because they want to convinceyou of what they are saying.Often when a person is lying, they do not want to continue talking about their lie. Ifyou think someone is lying, quickly change the subject. If the person is lying, they will appear more comfortable because they are not talking about their lie any longer. A little later, change the subject back to what you were talking about before. If the person seems uncomfortable again, they may be lying.It’s very hard for a liar to avoid filling silence created by you. He or she wants you to believe the lies being woven; silence gives no feedback on whether or not you’ve boughtthe story. If you’re a good listener, you’ll already be avoiding interruptions, which initself is a great technique to let the story unfold.Just because a person is showing these behaviors, it does not mean they are lying.They might be shy or nervous. But, if you think someone is lying, you might want to usesome of these techniques. Hopefully, you won’t need to very often.56. By saying ―Liars also use deflection‖, the writer means that liars may __________.A. tell great storiesB. change tone of voiceC. ask a question in replyD. avoid direct answers57. According to the passage, a person could be lying if he or she ____________.A. offers more information than necessaryB. appears to be shy or nervousC. changes the subject of the conversationD. speaks very fast and vaguely58. Whichof the following can be learned from the passage?A. Liars always try to avoid direct eye contact when they tell lies.B. We can make people lie by changing the subject in a conversation.C. Liars are often expansive in hand and arm movements while talking.D. We make liars uncomfortable by giving no feedback in a conversation.59. The passage mainly talks about __________.A. who deceives usB. why people tell liesC. how to detect liesD. what to do with liarsKeys:56-59 DADCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AIf a diver surfaces too quickly, he may suffer the bends. Nitrogen(氦)dissolved in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure. The consequence, if the bubbles accumulate(累积) In a joint,, is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name. If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain, the consequence can be death.Other air-breathing animals also suffer this decompression (减压) sickness if they surface too fast: whales, for example. And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs(鱼龙).That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones. If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply. This kills the cells in the bone, and consequently weakens it, sometimes to the point of collapse. Fossil bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past. What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years. To this end, he and his colleagues traveled the world's natural-history museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression. Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite. More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died, but not a single Triassic specimen(标本)showed evidence of that sort of injury.If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means, they clearly did so quickly-and, most strangely, they lost it afterwards. But that is not what Dr. Rothschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (掠食性动物) such as a large shark. One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles, both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches. Triassic oceans, by contrast, were mercifully shark and crocodile-free. In the Triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain. In the Jurassic and Cretaceous, they were prey (猎物)as well as predator—and often had to make a speedy exit as a result.56. Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?A. A twisted bodyB. A gradual decrease in blood supply.C. A sudden release of nitrogen in blood.D. A drop in blood pressure57. The purpose of Rothschild's study is to see___.A. how often ichthyosaurs caught the bendsB. how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompressionC. why ichthyosaurs bent their bodiesD. when ichthyosaurs broke their bones58. Rothschild's finding stated in Paragraph 4_____.A. confirmed his assumptionB. speeded up his research processC. disagreed with his assumptionD. changed his research objectives59. Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs_______.A. failed to evolve an anti-decompression meansB. gradually developed measures against the bendsC. died out because of large sharks and crocodilesD. evolved an anti-decompression means but soon lost itKeys: 56-59 ABCASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AOne Friday morning, before Michael was leaving for work he told his wife that he had finally determined to ask his boss for a salary raise. All day Michael felt nervous and anxious as he thought about the upcoming showdown. What if Mr.Duncan refused to grant his request? Michael had worked so hard in the last 18 months and brought some great benefits to Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency. Of course, he deserved a wage increase.The thought of walking into Mr. Duncan's office left Michael weak in the knees. Late in the afternoon he was finally courageous enough to approach his superior. To his delight and surprise, the ever- frugal (一惯节省的) Rowland Duncan agreed to give Michael a raise!Michael arrived home that evening-despite breaking all city and state limits-to a beautiful table set with their best china, and candles lit. His wife, Cassie, had prepared a delicate mealincluding his favourite dishes. Immediately he thought someone from the office had tipped her off!Next to his plate Michael found a beautiful lettered note. It was from his wife. It read: "Congratulations, my love! I knew you'd get the raise! I prepared this dinner to show just how much I love you. I am so proud of your accomplishments!" He read it and stopped to think about how sensitive and caring Cassie was.After dinner, Michael was on his way to the kitchen to get dessert when he observed that a second card had slipped out of Cassie's pocket onto the floor. He bent forward to pick it up. It read: "Don't worry about not getting the raise! You do deserve one! You are a wonderful provider and I prepared this dinner to show you just how much I love you even though you did not get the increase."Suddenly tears swelled in Michael's eyes. Total acceptance! Cassie's support for him was not conditional upon his success at work.The fear of rejection is often softened and we can undergo almost any setback or rejection when we know someone loves us regardless of our success or failure.56. What was Michaels plan that Friday?A. To find a job with the Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency.B. To ask for a wage increase from his boss.C. To celebrate his success.D. To ask his boss to come for dinner.57. On his way back home, Michael______.A. felt weak in the kneesB. was punished by the traffic policemanC. was too anxious to share the news with his wifeD. couldn't wait to enjoy a meal58. Which of the following statements about the story is FALSE?A. Michael was afraid that his request would lead to a disaster.B. Michael had worked very hard and done his part for the company.C. Michael's boss agreed to his request.D. One of Michael's colleagues had told his wife the good news.59. According to the passage, which of the following can best describe Michael's wife, Cassie?A. Passionate, thoughtful and talented.B. Considerate, generous and reliable.C. Decisive, optimistic and energetic.D. Caring, tolerant and supportive.Keys: 56-59 BCDDSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.(A)Last October, I was on a diving holid ay in the Philippines with with seven other advanced divers. I dived off the boat, slowly sinking to about 20m.After nearly 45 minutes, the sound of my breathing was drowned out by a low rumble like an engine, and I felt deep, powerful vibrations(震动), as if a big boat with a propeller was passing overhead. The dive instructor's eyes were wide with confusion too. We both swam next to each other, staying close to the side of the reef(礁石). The situation felt sinister.Then we were enveloped by clouds of white sand that mushroomed up around us, Could it be an underwater bomb? A giant turtle raced past us and into the deep; they are normally slow movers, so this was very weird behaviour. The vibration became so intense that I could feel it in my bones, and the sound turned into a deafening roar. Suddenly, a few meters below us, breaks began forming and the sand was sucked down. That's when I realized it was an earthquake. The noise was the sound of the Earth splintering open and grinding against itself.The instructor and I held hands and looked into each other's eyes; I felt comforted by his presence. I was numb(麻木的)for terror but clear-headed. My body went on high alert, ready to react. But I have no power over whatever this is. The only option is to stay very still and let it do whatever it's going to do.It took enormous willpower to resist the urge to swim to the surface, which is not sensible as situation on the surface at that time was ambiguous with potential threats pending. Soon we saw other divers.The sound and vibration lasted only two or three minutes and when they stopped I heard the swoosh of sand falling over the seabed. We all held hands before resurfacing to avoid decompression sickness, which can be fatal. When up,It was a huge relief to see all the divers and we all shared incredulous looksbefore pulling out our breathing apparatus and shouting, "What was that?"Back on the boat, we rushed to check the news and discovered we had witnessed a huge earthquake, measuring 7.2 on the Richter scale. It released more energy than 30 Hiroshima bombs, though it seemed that we were not at at the epicentre(震中). I was high and felt lucky surprisingly not because of my recent survival miracle, but to have experienced nature at its most stunning and its most frightening.56. How did the author realize that they met with an earthquake?A. By feeling the violent shake under the sea.B. By witnessing a normally-slow turtle quickly moving by.C. By seeing the seafloor crack.D. By checking the news and be informed of the event.57. Why didn’t the author rise to the surface before the vibration stopped?A. Because the instructor gestured him not to rise.B. Because he was numb in body.C. Because he could sense the unclear water situation.D. Because he tried to avoid unexpected danger above.58. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. At the beginning of the event, a big boat passed by causing big vibration.B. All the divers used the reef as the protection against the violent vibration.C. I felt relieved as the instructor was experience in handling situations like this.D. Powerless to fight nature, I was tame when under the water.59. Why did the author feel fortunate on the boat?A. Because he was not at the epicenter of the earthquake.B. Because he finally survived a huge earthquake.C. Because he could witness a rare natural phenomenon.D. Because he didn’t suffer from decompression sickness.Keys: 56-59 CCDCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In the world of higher education in the United States, competition seems more common than schools working together. Every college and university competes for students, as well as the best teachers and money for research programs.But one thing almost every school has in common is the difficulty they face in serving low-income students. The National Center for Education Statistics reports that low-income college students are less likely to complete their study programs than other students.It was only natural that the leaders of Michigan State University and ten other universities discussed this issue when they met in 2014. The 11 schools are spread across the United Sates and serve different populations and needs. But their leaders all saw improving graduation rates for all students as the biggest problem facing American higher education.So the group created an organization called the University Innovation Alliance or UIA for sharing information related to this problem. Its main goal is to get 68,000 more students at the member schools to graduate by 2025, with at least half of those studentsbeing low-income. The 11 schools now say their number of graduates has increased by over 7,200 in just three years. This includes an almost 25 percent increase in the number of low-income graduates.How were they able to make this happen? It began with each university looking at its own situation and finding out what it had been doing right and what it had been doing wrong.For example, before joining the UIA, academic advising at Michigan State mostly involved reacting to problems students faced after the problems had already arisen. Then school officials heard about a computer program that fellow UIA member Georgia State University was using. This computer program follows decisions students make about their classes and the progress they are making in their studies. It then sends academic advisors messages whenever a student shows signs that they are making mistakes or facingdifficulties. Hat way the advisors can try to help students before the problems become too serious. Michigan State began using the computer program and it has meant a world of difference.Michigan States has not only received useful。

2018年上海各区高三英语二模——语法填空

2018届上海市各区高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编--选词填空--学生版(已校对)

Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Foreign Giants Target Chinese Milk MarketEuropean dairy products giant Arla Foods has chosen a leading Chinese milk manufacturers as a business partner for its 31 in China—a clear sign that overseas companies are starting to cultivate huge China’s dairy market by tying up with local players.Arla signed the cooperation 32 , which comes into effect this month, with Mengniu Dairy at the end of August to set up a milk-powder joint venture in Hohhot, capital of North China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The deal between Arle Foods and Mengniu can be seen as a new 33 fo r Multinational’s re-entry into the sector.Many foreign giants have found it difficult to create 34 profits in domestic milk market, especially the liquid-milk sector, which is followed closely by price wars and dominated by local 35 —companies like Danone, Kraft and Friesland Coberco have quitted dairy production in China.A few have been successful—Nestle, Intel, Bristo-Myers Squibb and Wyeth have 36 the high-end milk-formula market in China.“We will watch the market closely and re-invest here in a(n) 37 time,” an official of the Dutch firm Friesland said when it 38 its investment in its Tianjin joint venture last year after eight years.The company has 39 its Chinese partner to continue using its Dutch Lady brand and also sells its imported Friso infant foods, Dutch Lady milk powder and Dutch Lady Calcimex in the Chinese market through its 40 company in Hong Kong.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Why India's Pink City' is a Photographer's HeavenThe city of Jaipur is one of India's wonders. It ___31_____ some of the country's most decorative royal palaces-elegant structures designed hundreds of years ago that still attract visitors today. Largely built in the 1700s, Jaipur is surrounded by a city wall and several ____32___ castles. Considered as a commercial center, it was ahead of its time due to the use of grid iron (网格状) city planning.A romantic dusty pink type-which has _____33____ the city since 1876, after it was painted pink towel come Queen Victoria's husband, Prince Albert-gives Jaipur its ___34_______ as the "Pink City". This ___35_____beauty is what first brought Hong Kong-based photographers Victor Cheng and Samantha Wong to Jaipur.Walking in glass skyscrapers for century-old royal palaces and historic castles, the pair-who have 130,000 Instagram followers between them-said that the images they ____36_____in Jaipur received a lot of response online. "A lot of our followers hadn't seen this side of India, so we're happy we were able to show this side of the country." Cheng said.For the photographers, one of the city's most fascinating features is the light pink coloring of its buildings. “The first gate you see when you enter are pink,” said Wong. “Once you’re through, everything around you varies in different ______37____ of the color-from bright pinks to reddish browns."The building is a(n) _____38_____ of the City Palace, and its windows allowed royal women to observe street life without appearing in public. One of Cheng's most striking photos shows a straight front of the building and its hundreds of windows. The building's lively coloring also pushed Cheng to take a different ______39____ to editing than with images of other cities. "Itoned down my usual editing process because the pink was so bright in reality," he said, "I wanted the photos to _____40__the actual color I was seeing myself and to maintain its tone."Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A multicultural person is someone who is deeply convinced that all cultures are equally good, enjoys learning the rich variety of cultures in the world, and most likely has been exposed to more than one culture in his or her lifetime.You cannot motivate anyone, especially someone of another culture, until that person has accepted you. A multilingual salesperson can explain the advantages of a product in other languages, but a multicultural salesperson can motivate foreigners to buy it. That’s a(an) (31)________ difference.No one likes foreigners who are arrogant(自大的) about their own culture. The trouble is, most people are arrogantly monocultural without being aware of it and even those who are can’t hide it. Foreigners sense monocultural arrogance at once and set up their own cultural barriers, which may effectively (32)_______ any attempt by the monocultural person to motivate them.Multiculturalism is a(an) (33)_______ that has been neglected too often in hiring managers for international positions. Even if your company is not a multinational one, chances are you’re in touch with foreign customers or manufacturers. Do you have the right employee to build up the (34)_______?For 20-odd years, I’ve run an executive-search firm from Brussels. When clients ask us to find the right person for a new pan-European sales or management position, I start by asking them to (35)_______ the qualifications their ideal candidate would have. Most often they list the same qualities they would want for a domestic position, but with the (36)_______ requirement that the new manager be fluent enough in English, German and French to cope with faxes and email. It sometimes takes me hours to persuade clients that the linguistic(语言的) abilities they see ascrucial are not enough.Of course, it’s far more difficult to (37)_______ candidates’ multiculturalism than it is to check their language skills --- but it’s also a far mo re important (38)_______ to success. I remember a company that asked me to check out a salesman they were planning to send to Mexico. He’d studied Spanish, and had grown up in New York City --- the most (39)_______ diverse place in America. But when I interviewed him, he turned out to have no concept of the great pride Mexicans took in their culture, and moreover he was (40)_______ about Mexican restaurants and markets being dirty and unsafe. I rejected him --- just as Mexican buyers would have if he’d been selected for the job.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.He Is KindlyThe other evening at a dancing club a young man introduced me to Mr. and Mrs. F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Scott seemed not to have changed from the first time I met him at Princeton, when he was an eager undergraduate trying his best to _ 31 himself into a great author. He is still trying hard to be a great author. He is at work now on a novel which his wife 32 far better than This Side of Paradise, but like most of our younger novelists, he finds it 33 to produce a certain number of short stories to make the wheels go around. That The Vegetable, his play, did not receive a Manhattan presentation seems to have disappointed rather than discouraged him. He is still 34 light-hearted.I have always considered him the most brilliant of our younger novelists. No one else can touch his style, nor the superb quality of his satire(讽刺). He has yet to put them in a novel with carefulness of conception and 35 of character. He can become almost any kind of writer thathis peculiarly restless character will 36 .Born in St. Paul, he attended Princeton, served in the Army, wrote his first novel in a training camp, achieved fame and fortune, married a Southern girl, has a child and lives in New York. At heart, he is one of the kindliest of the younger writers Artistry means a great deal to F. Scott Fizgerald, and into his own best work he 37 great efforts. He demands this in the work of others, and when he does not find it, he criticizes with passionate earnestness. I have known him, after reading a young fellow-novelist's book, to take what must have been hours of time to write him a lengthy, careful_ 38 .Just what he will write in the future remains_ 39 . With a firmer reputation than that of the other young people, he yet seems to me to have achieved rather less than Robert Nathan and rather more than Stephen Vincent Benet, Cyril Hume. His coming novel should mean a definite prediction for future work. It is to be hoped that from it will be 40 the seemingly unavoidable modern girls.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Before science became professionalized in the 19th century, __(31)__ naturalists were collecting information and helping us understand the natural world. A 2009 study found that nearly 50% of UK __(32)__ feed wild birds. The National Trust has more than 5 million members, and 60,000 active volunteers helping to protect the countryside as well as historic __(33)__. Now, with our environment arguably under greater threat than ever and species declining at a(n) __(34)__ rate, volunteers are once again at the forefront of efforts to limit the damage.Volunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes. On the Isle of Man, more than 8,000 people (nearly 10% of the population) are involved in regular weekend beach cleans. At one recent event, 123 volunteers turned up and removed 183 bags of litter in just a couple ofhours. Thanks to __(35)__ such as this, the island shares Unesco biosphere reserve status with the Galápagos, Yellowstone in the US, Uluru in Australia, and hundreds of other sites.Recreational divers are making a real difference underwater too. They monitor the spread of __(36)__ species, and record how native species respond. Divers also __(37)__ levels of marine litter and other human impacts. Volunteer divers have played an important role in collecting information about marine conservation zones. Volunteers have also made a vital contribution to the conservation of basking sharks. The work of a citizen science Basking Shark Project in the 1980s and 90s was __(38)__ in getting these sharks on the protected species list in the UK, while satellite tagging __(39)__ the first recorded transatlantic crossing by a basking shark.Volunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes. No one can know better, or care more about, our most special places than the people who live in them and give up their free time to look after them. As a group of divers and __(40)__ residents who lived on the shores of the bay, they took their campaign on to national and international stages and continue to inspire people who might otherwise feel powerless when faced with threats to the places that matter to them.Section BDirection: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Whether you're trying to be good at Photoshop, or step up your tennis game, or master a banjo (班卓琴) song, you' re probably 31 following the age-old advice that practice makes perfect. However, contrary to popular belief, doing the same thing over and over again might not be the most efficient way to learn foreign concepts.Traditionally, we're taught using the "blocking" strategy. This instructs us to go over a single idea again and again until we've mastered it, before 32 to the next concept. But several newneurological(神经学的) 33 show that an up and coming learning method called "interleaving" improves our ability to keep and perform new skills over any traditional means by leaps and bounds.What interleaving does is to space out learning over a longer period of time, and it 34 the information we encounter when learning a new skill. So, for example, instead of learning one banjo chord at a time until you 35 it, you train in several at once and in shorter bursts.One of the practical ways you can use interleaving to train your brain to pick up new skills quickly and effectively is to practice multiple 36 skills at once.Whether you’re trying to improve your motor skills or cognitive(认知的) learning abilities, the key to 37 how your brain processes new your brain processes new information is to break out of the habit of learning one part of a skill at a time. The advantage of this method is that your brain doesn't get comfortable or store information in your short-term memory. Instead, interleaving causes your brain to 38 focus and problem-solve every step of the way, resulting in information getting stored in your long-term memory instead.Interleaving doesn't cut any comers, so your brain is always on 39 . Think of the difference between blocking and interleaving like a boxer who practices one 40 over and over again versus a boxer who practices by sparring in the ring. In the ring, you have to be ready for anything. It makes you faster and sharper.Section BDirection: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Robots Writing NewspapersWhether it's robots working as hotel receptionists or artificial intelligence creating poetry, it'sbecoming more and more common to read about technology doing the jobs of humans. And now, it seems that software is even 31 of writing news stories—such as the very one you're reading.BBC News 32 reported that the Press Association(PA), a UK news service, has created a computer program that's competent to create articles that are almost impossible to tell apart from those written by human journalists. Called "robo-journalism" by BBC News, such software "teaches" itself by 33 thousands of news stories written by humans. The PA's software is already so advanced that many UK newspapers and websites publish articles created by it.According to the Reuters Institute of Journalism, many publishers are using robo-journalism to 34 interesting information quickly, from election results to official 35 on social issues. For example, US news organization The Washington Post has its own robo-journalism software, Heliograf.According to tech website Digiday, Heliograf "wrote" over 850 articles in 2017, as well as hundreds of social media 36 .So what does this mean for regular journalists? "We're naturally cautious about any technology that could replace human beings." Fredrick Kunkle, a Washington Post reporter, told Wired. "But this technology seems to have taken over only some of the work that nobody else wants to do."Indeed, it appears that robo-journalism software is 37 to help humans, rather than take away their jobs."In the future, Heliograf could do things like searching the web to see what people are talking about, checking The Washington Post to see if that story is being 38 , and, if not, alerting editors or just writing the piece itself, Wired reporter Joe Keoha wrote.However, Joshua Benton at Harvard university's Nieman Journalism Lab believes that while robo-journalism is 39 going to become more present in newsrooms, nothing can replace traditional human creativity."Good journalism is not just a matter of inputs and outputs, it is a craft that has developed over decades," he told BBC news."The really difficult part of what professional journalists do—carefully 40 information and presenting balanced, contextualized(全景式的) stones—will be very hard for machines tomaster."Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.As the increased amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, heat stress, longer droughts(干旱), and more intense rainfall events linked t o global warming continue to upset our daily weather, we often forget they also ____31____ the quantity, quality, and growing locations of our food. Many foods have already ____32_____ top spots on the world's "endangered foods" list. Indicating their possibility to become scarce within the next 30 years.To start with what is ____33____ in many people’s lives, we are disappointed to find that coffee plantations in South America, Africa, Asia, and Hawaii are all being threatened by rising air temperatures and erratic(不稳定的) rainfall patterns, which invite disease and invasive species to _____34____ the coffee plant and ripening beans. The result? Significant cuts in coffee output.And Coffee's culinary cousin, cacao (aka chocolate), is also suffering stress from global warming's rising temperatures. But for chocolate, it isn't the warmer climate alone that's the problem. Cacao trees actually prefer warmer climates as long as that warmth is paired with high humidity and _____35____ rain . However, the problem is that the higher temperatures projected for the world's leading chocolate-producing countries are not expected to be ____36____ by an increase in rainfall. Therefore as higher temperatures sap more moisture from from soil and plants, it's unlikely that rainfall will increase enough to make up for loss.A notably nutritious plant, the peanut plants grow best when it gets five months of continuous warm weather and 20 to 40 inches of rain. Anything less and plants won't survive. That isn't good news when most climate models agree the climate of the future will be the ____37____, including droughts and heatwaves.The world has already caught a glimpse of the peanut's future fate when last year a serious drought across the peanut-growing Southeastern U.S. led many plants to die. According to a financial report, the dry ____38____caused peanut prices to rise by as much as 40 percent!Finally, in the world of sea, as air temperatures rise, oceans and waterways absorb some of the heat and undergo warming of their own. The result is the _____39_____ in fish population. Warmer waters also encourage toxic marine bacteria, like Vibrio, to grow and cause illness in humans.And that satisfying "crack" you get when eating crab(蟹) be ____40____ as shellfish struggle to build their calcium carbonate(硫酸钙) shells, a result of ocean acidification.Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Bob Dylan Wins a Nobel Prize in LiteratureBob Dylan has won the 2016 Nobel Prize in literature. The productive musician is the first Nobel winner to have followed a career primarily as a singer-songwriter. What’s more, he’s also the first American to have won the prize in more than two decades. Not since novelist Toni Morrison won in 1993 has an American 31 the prize.Dylan earned the prize “for having 32 new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition,” according to the statement by the Swedish Academy, the committee that annually decides the winter of the Nobel Prize. The academy’s permanent secretary, Sara Danius, announced the news Thursday.The win comes as something of a(n) 33 . As usual, the Swedish Academy did not announce a shortlist of nominees(被提名者), leaving the betting markets to their best 34 .And while Dylan has enjoyed favor as an outside shot for the award, the 35 that the musician would be the one to break the American s’ long dry period was regarded as unlikely---especially because he made his career mainly on the stage, not the 36 page.Yet few would argue Dylan has been anything but 37 , both in the U. S. and beyond its borders. The productive singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist has produced dozens of albums. Dylan, who was born Robert Allen Zimmerman in 1941, “has the status of an idol(偶像),”the Swedish Academy wrote. “His influence on contemporary music is significant, and he is the object of a steady stream of 38 literature.”In an interview following the announcement, Danius 39 the Swedish Academy’s decision: “He is a great poet in the English-speaking tradition, and he is a wonderful sampler—a very original sampler,” Danius explained. “For 54 years now he has been at it and reinventing himself, constantly creating a new identity.”And for his work, he has been 40 by critical community. Dylan has won Grammys, an Academy Award, a Golden Globe and a Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian honor in the U. S. Now, to the honors Dylan has added a Nobel.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Mentally and Intellectually HarmfulLast month, the Indian Medical Association declared a public health emergency in New Delhi because of high levels of air pollution. Schools were shut and emergency traffic restrictions put in place.New Delhi is far from alone. Our research into the___31___ of air pollution in China shows that, in addition to the more obvious physical price, air pollution can also have serious negative effects on mental health and cognition (认知),___ 32___ reducing a person’s happiness and their scores in verbal and mathematical tests.Such harmful mental effects have serious negative consequences for livelihoods and human capital development, suggesting that development___33____ should go beyond the traditional focus of boosting GDP in the developing world.India's recent pollution emergency is the most___34___ incidence(发生率)of dangerous air pollution, but smoggy skies have been a cause of growing___35____ in most developing countries.Major cities across the developing world---from Thailand to Brazil, to Nigeria---___36____ experience pollution at several times the WHO safe limits. In fact, 98% of cities with more than 100.000___37___ in low and middle-inc ome countries fail to meet the WHO’s air quality guidelines.India’s extreme levels of air pollution are well recognized, and examining the effects provides clear warnings for other countries seeking fast growth through rapid industrialization.We used nationally ___38___ longitudinal (纵向)surveys on mental health and cognition, matched with daily air quality data for the time and place of interviews, to see what pollution does in a given time to individual happiness and cognitive performance. Because each person in our survey was __39___multiple times, we can control for the effect of individual characteristics on the outcome variables.We found that worsening air quality led to a decrease in happiness that day__40___to about 10 percent of the reduced happiness one would experience form a negative major life event such as divorce.Section BDirections: Complete the passage with the words given in the table. Each word can be used onlyonce. There is an extra one that you will find no use for.Can Indoor Plants Really Purify the Air?Plants are very important to human life. Through photosynthesis (光合作用), they transform carbon dioxide into fresh oxygen. They are said to ___31___ toxins from the air we breathe — but is this true?One famous NASA experiment, published in 1989, found that indoor plants can clean the air by removing cancer-causing pollutants like formaldehyde and benzene. Later research has found that soil micro-organisms in potted plants also play a part in cleaning indoor air.Based on this research, some scientists say house plants are ___32___ air purifiers, and the bigger and leafier the plant, the better. “The amount of leaf surface area can ___33___ the rate of air purification,” says Bill Wolverton, a former NASA research scientist who conducted that 1989 plant study.Other experts, however, say the ___34___ that plants can effectively accomplish this feat is far from conclusive.“There are no definitive studies to show that having indoor plants can ___35___ increase the air quality in your home,” says Luz Claudio, a professor of environmental medici ne and public health at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. There’s no question that plants are capable of removing volatile chemical toxins from the air “under laboratory conditions,” according to Claudio. But in the real world — in your home or in your office space — the notion that putting a few plants together can ___36___ your air doesn’t have much hard science to back it up.Most research efforts to date, including the NASA study, placed indoor plants in small, sealed environments in order to ___37___ how much air-purifying power they have. But those studies aren’t really ___38___ to what happens in a house, says Stanley Kays, a professor of horticulture at the University of Georgia.In many cases, the air in your home ___39___ turns over — that is, exchanges places with outdoor air —once every hour. “In most instances, air exchange with the outside has a far greatereffect on indoor air quality than plants,” Kays says.Many people may be disappointed by what Kays said, but the professor also made it clear that he believes house plants are ___40___ — they are not only pleasant living companions, but also provide a number of health benefits. Studies have shown plants can knock out stress by calming the sympathetic nervous system, and can also make people feel happier. More research shows spending time around nature has a positive effect on a person’s mood and energy levels.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.He is kindlyThe other evening at a dancing club a young man introduced me to Mr. and Mrs. F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Scott seemed to have changed a lot from the first time I met him at Princeton, when he was an eager undergraduate trying his best to __31__ himself into a great author. He is still trying hard to be a great author. He is at work now on a novel which his wife __32__ me is far better than This Side of Paradise, but like most of our younger novelists he finds it __33__ to produce a certain number of short stories to make the wheels go around. That The Vegetable, his play, did not receive a Manhattan presentation seems to have disappointed rather than discouraged him. He is still __34__ light-hearted.I have always considered him the most brilliant of our younger novelists. Not one of them can tough his style, nor the superb quality of his satire(讽刺). He has yet to put them in a novel with carefulness of conception and __35__ of character. He can become almost any kind of writer that his peculiarly restless character will __36__.Born in St. Paul, he attended Princeton, served in the Army, wrote his first novel in a trainingcamp, achieved fame and fortune, married a Southern girl, has a child and lives in New York. At heart, he is one of the kindliest of the younger writers. Artistry means a great deal to F. Scott Fizgerald, and into his own best work he __37__ great efforts. He demands this in the work of others, and when he does not find it he criticizes with passionate earnestness. I have known him, after reading a young fellow-novelist’s book, to take what must have been hours of time to write him a lengthy, careful __38__.Just what he will write in the future remains __39__. With a firmer reputation than that of the other young people, he yet seems to me to have achieved rather less than Robert Nathan and rather more than Stephen Vincent Benet, Cyril Hume. His coming novel should mean a definite prediction for future work. It is to be hoped that from it will be __40__ the seemingly unavoidable modern girls.Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Parents have been concerned about their kids’use of technology since the dawn of technology—or at least since the invention of the transistor radio in the 1950s. today, technology is everywhere, and kids are growing up___31___to their smartphones, tablets and laptops in ways that 50s moms and dads could never have dreamed of. Parental concern has grown along with this tech__32___. But now, even those in the industry are wondering if technology has taken a truly__33___hold on all of us ---and especially children.No less than Melinda Gates, wife of Microsoft founder Bill Gats, wrote an editorial in the Washington Post last summer expressing regret for the Pandora’s Box she and her husband helped open. “I spent my career in technology. I wasn’t prepared for its effect on my kids.” She wrote. “Phones and apps aren’t good or bad by themselves, but for adolescents who don’t’ yet have the。

2018上海各区高三英语二模——6选4

【2018-宝山区-二模】Section CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once.Note that there are two sentences more than you need.Seeking feedback not always sufficient for stimulating creativity It is widely believed that seeking feedback from colleagues, managers, friends and family enhances employees' creativity. But is this always the case? No, a positive effect depends on the work environment. This is the conclusion of new joint research study led by UAA work and organizational psychologist Roy Sijbom.(67)________For example, managers are encouraged to engage customers in order to confirm whether their business model is workable and scholars attend conferences to obtain feedback on their research results. A definite assumption is that individuals who have obtained feedback will also actually (be able to) use it.“The idea i s simple: seeking feedback from different sources -- also known as feedback source variety -- benefits one's creativity since it leads to a greater diversity of viewpoints”, says Sijbom. “And the more diverse the viewpoints, the more it benefits one's crea tivity because by combining all the different viewpoints new perspectives will emerge that in turn will result in more creativity.(68)________ ”The researchers examined how specific characteristics of the immediate work environment influence the relationship between feedback source variety and creative performance.(69)________ One is the recognized rate of change of performance standards. The other is the extent to which employees feel they have sufficient time to develop creative ideas at work (experien ced creative time pressure). “We discovered a growing relationship between the search for input from a variety of feedback sources and creativity, but only when performance standardswithin an organization are changing and when a relatively low creative time pressure is experienced”, says Sijbom.Sijbom offers several recommendations: “(70)________In a more concrete sense, organizations can, for example, consider using feedback workshops in which employees are encouraged to reflect on diverse feedback and equipped with techniques and strategies on how to absorb feedback in their daily work. In addition, managers should not only stimulate their employees to actively cultivate relationships with potential feedback sources within and outside the organization, but also provide sufficient time to process the feedback obtained from these relationships.”67--70 CEAD【2018-崇明区-高三英语-二模】Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Feel Y oung at Heart and Y ou’ll Enjoy a Longer LifeAge-liars and birthday-deniers... you’d best learn a thing or two from those who are young at heart. People who feel younger than their actual age may live longer than those who feel older than they truly are, a new study says.67_______ Results from the study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, suggest that people who feel a year or more older than they truly are could have around 41 percent greater risk for death.Researchers looked at nearly 6,500 older adults, with an average age of 65.8 for the study. Around70 percent of them felt younger than they were, about a quarter felt their precise age and just under 5 percent felt a year or more older than they were, when asked “How old do you feel you are?”Those who felt older than they were had a higher death rate after a follow-up period of 99 months. While just 14.3 and 18.5 percent of people who felt younger or felt their age, respectively, died during those 99 months, 24.6 percent of those who felt aged beyond their years had died.The authors say more research is needed on the topic, but suggest it could be that those who feel “young at heart” have healthier behaviors and a stronger will to live. “ 68______Individuals who feel older could be targeted with health messages promoting positive health behaviors and attitudes toward aging,” the authors write in the study.The good news is that you can change your feeling of how young you are. 69______One recent study found that helping participants have positive feelings toward age, by showing them positive word associations, helped older adults improve in physical tasks like balancing and getting up out of a chair, in as little as four weeks. Another study found that negative feeling of aging andpoor memory can make older adults feel up to five years older, regardless of their actual mental abilities.There you have it.70 BDEA【2018-奉贤区-二模】Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in theYou won’t have any excuse to skip class anymore. French startup OpenClassrooms is offering the first State-recognized bachelor degree in France that uses only MOOCs (massive open online courses). The startup partnered with IESA Multimédia to create this program.There are three learning paths in engineering, design and marketing. Students will have to complete all the courses and required projects in order to get their degree. 67______ IESA is already working on 40 different MOOCs for this program.On average, it will take a year of hard work in order to complete all the classes. As always, it’s hard to keep going when you sign up for a MOOC. 68_______This kind of degree has many key advantages. For IESA, it gives the school more students. IESA is a private school, and its end goal is to make as much money as possible. So with these new MOOC students, IESA will be able to get more money per teacher on average.69______The startup already offers a course for €20 per month, but you need to pay €300 per month for the Premium Plus offering to use the state-recognized program. It’s unclear ho w much OpenClassrooms will keep, but it should be more than €20 per month.For students, it’s a cheaper way to get a degree. Maybe you can’t afford to study for three years at IESA and pay €6,950 per year. 70______ Sure, it’s probably a less enjoyable experience than going to your school and spending time with other students and teachers, but it makes sense for some students.It’s an interesting new direction for OpenClassrooms, and I can’t wait to see whether other schools will start working with the startup to provide online courses. It will be interesting to see whether the first students are satisfied with this kind of degree as well.C D A F【2018-虹口区-二模】Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Ways to Be More EfficientNot all tasks of the day are inspiring, fun or exciting. But you still have to wash those dishes and take care of those routine tasks at work or in school. So what can you do not to get lost in procrastination (拖延) ?I’ll share how I do it, how I get some motivation and find more pleasure in what may seem to be a boring task.Instead of focusing your mind on how boring a task may feel, focus your thoughts on why you are doing this and how good it will feel when you are done with it. If needed, sit down for a few minutes, close your eyes and see in your mind. Then go to work with that motivation and those positive feelings in your body.Do it attentively. 67______Focus 100% on just the work with all your senses—how it feels, looks and smells—as you are scrubbing it and nothing else. Don’t get lost in daydreams. If you are just there, I have found that even such a simple task becomes more enjoyable and something that can bring inner calm rather than distress.Make a deal with yourself and set a timer for 10 minutes. It is often easier to do tasks like these in small bursts. So make a deal with yourself to just spend 10 minutes on your reading or cleaning the house.68_____When the timer rings you can continue doing it if you feel like it (this often happens to me because getting started is the hard part) . Or you can stop and go do something more interesting instead.Create a pleasurable distraction. If possible, try to listen to the radio, your favorite songs, an audio book or watch a movie or TV episode while doing your boring task. 69_____I often listen to music or watch an episode of the Simpsons while doing the dishes or other routine work at home.70_____ Take a walk in the sun. Move on to a more fun or creative task at work or in school. Have a tasty treat. This habit can make it easier to get started and to keep going each day. Because you know that you can look forward to not just being done and the long-term payoff from that but also your immediate reward right after you are finished.E D F A【2018-黄浦区-二模】Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.For Self-driving Cars, Car Washes are a NightmareCar washes have been automated for decades, but companies developing fully self-driving vehicles must rely on a human touch to keep their cars and trucks in working condition.__67__ For example, soap remainder or water spots could effectively “blind” a self-driving car. A traditional car wash’s heavy brushes could jar the vehicle’s sensors, disturbing their standardization and accuracy. Even worse, sensors, which can cost over $100,000, could be broken. __68__ Dirt, dead bugs, bird droppings or water spots can impact the vehicle’s ability to drive safely.Avis, which has years of experience managing rental cars, has been tasked with cleaning and refueling the self-driving vans of Waymo, the self-driving arm of Google’s parent company. Avis chief innovation officer Arthur Orduña told CNN, “There a re special processes that definitely require a lot more care and focus, and you have to clean the vans quite often.”__69__ But other self-driving car companies such as Toyota, Aptiv, Drive, AI and Uber described to CNN that they use microfiber (微纤维) cloths along with rubbing alcohol, water or glass cleaner for manual cleanings.__70__ This should ease some need for manual cleaning. But because self-driving vehicles can have doze ns of sensors, Seeva CEO Diane Lansinger doesn’t imagine products like this will be able to clean every camera, radar or LIDAR, a laser sensor that most experts see as essential for self-driving vehicles. EFBD【2018-嘉定区-二模】Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Minoans: A Forgotten PeopleThe first advanced culture in ancient Greece was the Minoan culture. For thousands of years, knowledge of these people survived only in Greek myths. In the late 19th century, archaeologists began to unearth ruins. This inspired Arthur Evans to begin digging on the island of Crete near mainland Greece. On a dig in Kbossos, Evans found an ancient palace. Experts think that it was the palace of King Minos, a central figure in many Greek myths.67_____With his team, he uncovered a vast structure, varied works of art, and many hieroglyphic records. These finds, together with later finds, comprise all that experts know about Minoan culture.From the evidence experts gathered, it is clear that the Minoans were ahead of their time. The palace at Knossos was five floors high with hundreds of rooms. Buildings throughout the ancient city had plumbing and flush toilets. Stone pavement lined the surfaces of the roads. In addition, the Minoans possessed a highly developed naval fleet for long-distance trade. 68_____ These records confirm the central role of commerce in culture. Expert analysis of the evidence also offers insight into some aspects of Minoan society.69_____Ruins and artwork suggest that people of all classes enjoyed a high degree of social and gender equality. Religious icons show that Minoans worshiped bulls, the natural world, and many female gods.An unusual feature of Minoans culture was the pursuit of leisure interests. Sport and visual arts were central to Minoan life. Boxing and bull jumping, a sport in which players jumped over live bulls, were popular. Although bull jumping may have served some ritual purpose, experts believe that it was done mostly for fun. Similarly, although some works of art showed political and religious themes, other works served only as pleasant décor (装饰品).70_____ The Minoans met their demise after a series of natural disasters. Experts believe that group from the Greek mainland capitalized on these events and looked over the island.67-70. DFBA【2018-金山区-二模】Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.No one enjoys the moment. You are stuck at the back of a queue and as those in other lines move ahead and get served, the time to decide arrives. ____67____This question has now been solved by researchers at Harvard Business School. According to what they have found in a new study, they suggestpeople think twice before switching queues.The research was led by Ryan Buell, an expert in service management. He looked intoconsumer queuing behavior after working with economists on what is known as “last-place aversion,” the discomfort people feel when they know they earn less than others or consider themselves at the bottom of the social pile for some other reason. As a result of this aversion to being the last, when a person finds himself at the end of a queue, he can make decisions that he will later regret.Buell began by observing people at a multi-checkout grocery store and then set up an online survey. People who took part in the survey were told it would take about five minutes. In reality, it took only one minute, but when participants logged in for the survey, they were forced to wait in a virtual queue displayed on the screen. They started at the back and could wait, switch to a second queue or choose to leave.____68____ On average, however, those who switched waited 10 percent longer than if they had stayed put. Those who switched twice ended up waiting 67 percent longer than if they had never moved.“When we join a queue, we tend to make the most rational choice we can, which means joining the shortest queue. ____69____ Unfortunately, we can often get it wrong,” said Buell.____70____ After that, the aversion fades. The researcher suggests people have a chat with the person in front so that they can pass the time more comfortably until someone else joins behind them. “Remember that the person in front of you was the last until you arrived, so someone will show up if you h ang around long enough,” Buell said.67-70: CBAE【2018-静安区-二模】Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Most people don’t need science to appreciate the importance of a mother’s love. But to und erstand how early maltreatment can derail a child’s development requires careful study.In a famous research, Harry Harlow had demonstrated that proper psychological and physical development of infants requires nurturing and attention from a parent. ___67___ In that research, socially isolated monkey babies that were removed from their mothers were found to be clinging to a cloth-covered surrogate (替代的) mother for comfort.Such experimentations sound cruel. They, however, have been critical in helping change policies in human orphanages ( 孤儿院) in the U.S. For centuries some orphanages treated infants equally inhumanely. Despite early evidence that orphanage infants were far more likely to die than others, supporters argued that it didn’t matter whether children had “parents” specially devoted to them at the orphanage. ___68___ Orphans were supposed to be in positive mental and physical health until adoptive parents were found. Babies,they said, couldn’t remember anyway.The harrowing consequences of these theories were most vividly brought to light in Romania in the 1980s and ‘90s. A ban on abortion（流产) led to a surge in orphanage babies. Simply being fed and changed without individualized affection, some babies present serious problems. Many developed violent behaviors, repetitively rocking or banging their heads. Some were cold and withdrawn or indiscriminately affectionate. ___69___ Their head sizes were especially small. They even had problems with attention and comprehension. The longer these children were left alone, the more damage was seen.The lack of a secure attachment relationship in the early years has destructive consequences for both physical and mental health later in life, with long-lasting effects. The persistence of these effects emphasizes the need to intervene early in life. The Nobel-prize-winning economist James Heckman, has long argued that investing in early childhood education provides a greater return for society than virtually any other type of spending. It is obviously reflected in increased educational success and productivity,. The reduced crime, addiction, distress and disorder point to the same theory. Early life conditions critically affect adult life. ___70___ Remove it and theharm is great.67-70 EBFD【2018-闵行区-松江区-二模】Section CDirections: Read the following passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Rhythm of LifeChoosing the right time to sleep, the correct moment to make decisions, the best hour to eat—and even go into hospital—could be your key to perfect health.Centuries after man discovered the rhythms of the planets and the cycles of crops, scientists have learned that we too live by precise rhythms that govern everything from our basic bodily functions to mental skills. Man is a prisoner of time.But it’s not just the experts who are switching on to the way our bodies w ork. 67Prince Charles consults a chart which tells him when he will be at his peak on a physical, emotional and intellectual level. Boxer Frank Bruno is another who charts his bio-rhythms to plan for big fights.68 Sleep, blood pressure, hormone levels and heartbeat all follow their own clocks, which may bear only slight relation to our man-made 24-hour cycle.Research shows that in laboratory experiments when social signals and, most importantly, light indicators such as dawn are taken away, people lose touch with the 24-hour clock and sleeping patterns change. Temperature and heartbeat cycles lengthen and settle into “days” lasting about 25 hours.In the real world, light and dark keep adjusting internal clock to the 24-hour day. But the best indicator of performance is body temperature. As it falls from a 10 p.m. high of 37.2°C to a pre-dawn low of 36.1°C, mental functions fall too. 69______The most famous example is the nuclear accident at Three Mile Island in the US. The three operators in the control room worked alternating weeks of day, evening and night shifts.70_____ Investigators believe this caused the workers to overlook a warning light and fail to close an open valve.Finding the secret of what makes us tick has long fascinated scientists and work done over the last decade has yielded important clues. The aim is to help us become more efficient. For example, the time we eat may be important if we want to maximize intellectual or sporting performance. There is already evidence suggesting that the time when medicine is given to patients affects how well it works.【2018-浦东区-二模】Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Retro GamingThere’s no doubt that in today’s digital world, computer games are extremely sophisticated and capable of creating virtual reality experiences that were unimaginable only a few years ago.So I am interested to see that the simplistic games that I grew up with, are making a revival. But Why?In the 1970s, the original place to play a computer game was at an arcade. Here, you and your mates could try out the new big names in games such as Space Invaders and Pacman. _____67_____ And because of the technology involved, the gaming machines were too big to fit into your house.But in the 1980s and 90s, gaming arrived in our homes and people like me were addicted. The sound of beeping became a familiar sound emanating from bedrooms across the land! Names such as Tetris, Sonic and Street Fighter became popular language in the playground -- and now they are being talked about -- and played again. One of the reasons is the low cost. The BBC spoke to gamer, Gemma Wood, who says that: _____68_____ I understand that a lot of hard work has gone into the design etc., but how can anyone justify £50 to £60 for a game that you might not even enjoy?_____69_____ The graphics on old games may not compare with the detail and definition of modern games but they are fun and easy to use by children and adults alike. And of course, nostalgia plays its part. Some people want to relive their childhood while for others, it is a chance to show their children the computer games they grew up with.Technology journalist, KG Orphanides, says “it's important to recognize how well-designed many of those classic games are... the developers had so little space to work with -- your average Sega Mega Drive or SNES cartridge had a maximum capacity of just 4mb -- and limited graphics and sound capabilities.” This compares to an average capacity of 40G in today's games. _____70_____This craze for using retro hardware and grabbing an old joystick is certainly catching on. And to persuade those of us who are not sure about downgrading the gaming experience, manufacturers such as Nintendo, are bringing back some of their older consoles in new style casing.67-70B E A C【2018-普陀区-二模】Section C 8%Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.In daily life, imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously hold poor role models.B.Creative people have an endless resource of ideas.C.It is how to use imagination creatively that troubles us.D.Why follow someone else’s way of cooking when I could create my own?E.But if you begin to enter this field, imitation proves useful.F.If you are going to follow someone, focus on their talent, not their bad character orunacceptable behaviors.Blind imitation is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their unique worth, imitation appears attractive; to those who know their strength, imitation is unacceptable.In the early stages of skill or character development, imitation is helpful. When I first learned to cook, I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes. But soon I grew bored. ______67______Imitat ing role models is like using training wheels on a child’s bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them.______68______ If, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others.In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen. But when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. ______69______Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them. ______70______ The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination.Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not serve you. Then yo u can say, “I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors’ tragedies and declare victory, and know that they are cheering me on.”67-70 D A F B【2018-青浦区-二模】Directions:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Make traditional treasures come aliveThe Palace Museum Director Shan Jixiang delivered a cultural heritage speech on Feb 27 in Beijing, which was co-organized by the Beijing Diplomatic Service Bureau and Beijing Housing Service Corporation for Diplomatic Missions. 67_____On the theme The World of the Palace Museum and the Palace Museum of the World, the 64-year-old director shared his ideas about how to make traditional treasures come alive again. During the speech, which lasted two and a half hours, Shan touched on topics including upgrading museum infrastructure（基础设施）, restoring cultural sites, digitalizing online museums, setting up restoration hospitals, providing better visitor experiences and promoting the Palace Museum’s cultural items.“The abundant collection of cultural o bjects at the Palace Museum is the inspiration for the creative souvenirs and cultural items available,” Shan said. “ 68_____ ” Throughout 2017, the total sales of Palace Museum’s cultural items have been more than 1 billion yuan ($158million). Explaining the huge success of Palace Museum’s cultural souvenirs, Shan said: “The museum opened a shop on the e-commerce website Taobao in 2008, but sales remained neither high nor low for years, as more than 80 percent of the souvenirs sold in stores in the past were not related to our museum.” “Therefore, I wanted to change the situation. Now, souvenirs from the Palace Museum cover almost every aspect of life. After all, what matters to a museum is not how many visitors they have, but how close they are to people’s daily lives.”69______ Around 200 “doctors” are employed to analyze, examine, detect flaws or damage in ancient objects and restore them using more than 100 pieces of specialized equipment, including 3-D printers and scanners. The restoration hospital covers 13,000 square meters and boasts the nation’s most advanced restoration workshops.John Aquilina, Malta’s ambassador to China said that Shan’s speech showed a totally differentPalace Museum to foreign people. “China enjoys a long and profound culture a nd many of the national treasures have been preserved at the Palace Museum. It is no easy task to preserve them well. 70 ____”67-70 CEBA【2018-徐汇区-二模】Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.People discuss their problems with friends in the hope that they’ll gain some insight into how to solve them. And even if they don’t find a way to solve their problems, it feels good to let off some steam. (67)_______________ How problems are discussed, though, can be the difference between halving a problem or doubling it.The term psychologists use for negative problem sharing is “co-rumination”. Co-rumination is the mutual encouragement to discuss problems repeatedly going over the same problems, anticipating future problems and focusing on negative feelings.(68)________________ In a study involving children aged seven to 15 years of age, researchers found that co-rumination in both boys and girls is associated with “high-quality” and close friendships. However, in girls, it was also associated with anxiety and depression (the same association was not found with the boys). And studies suggest that co-rumination isn’t just a problem for girls. Co-rumination with work colleagues can increase the risk of stress and burn out, one study suggests.(69)________________ In a group of adults, the effects of co-rumination was compared between face-to-face contact, telephone contact, texting and social media. The positive effects of co-rumination were found in face-to-face contact, telephone contact and texting, but not in social media. The negative aspects of co-rumination (anxiety) was found in face-to-face communication。

宝山区2018届高三二模英语卷(原卷)

宝山区2017学年第二学期期末高三年级英语学科教学质量监测试卷注意：1．本试卷包括试题纸和答题纸两部分．2．在试题纸上答题无效，必须在答题纸上的规定位置按照要求答题．3．本试卷满分140分，考试时间120分钟．I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and a question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.It goes with her shoes. B.The color suits her.C.The style doesn’t fit her well.D.It is a little bit expensive.2.A.It was well organized. B.It was clean.C.It was messed up.D.It was tidy.3.A.He has been hiding lately.B.He has been back home.C.He has to work hard for travelling expenses.D.He has been busy preparing his trip.4.A.On the telephone. B.On the Internet.C.In an office.D.At the woman’s home.5.A.He agrees with the woman.B.He hasn’t been to the play recently.C.He doesn’t know much about basketball.D.He doesn’t think the team has been playing well.6.A.One. B.Two. C.Three. D.Four.7.A.Finish his term paper. B.Hand in the paper.C.Read it to the woman.D.Correct the errors in the paper.8.A.She prefers to exercise in the afternoon.B.The man should continue with his exercise.C.It is important to make warming-up exercise.D.The man should start to exercise one month later.9.A.He regrets having taken up much of the professor’s time.B.He has trouble getting along with the professor.C.He knows the professor has run into trouble.D.He knows the professor has been busy.10.A.The plane is full. B.The flight is cancelled.C.The plane is late.D.The plane has broken down.Section BDirections:In Section B,you will hear two passages and one longer conversation.After each passage or conversation,you will be asked several questions.The passages and conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through13are based on the following passage.11.A.16years old. B.11years old. C.5years old. D.6years old.12.A.The life in London during World War II.B.Figuring out how to cry on cue(暗示).C.Changing his Australian accent.D.Working with the famous actors13.A.The possibilities that acting provides.B.The excitement that playing guitar brings.C.The life of being accompanied by his mother.D.The applause he is getting from the audience.Questions14through16are based on the following passage.14.A.A digital image B.A detailed mapC.A developed filmD.A useful Facebook15.A.Public security puter softwareC.Special offersD.Customers’needs16.A.It will be impossible. B.It will be popular.C.It will be out of date.D.It will raise concerns.Questions17through20are based on the following conversation.17.A.The man speaker feels guilty. B.The woman speaker feels harmful.C.Both speakers think it funny.D.Many students dislike the post.18.A.Unhappy. B.Calm. C.Content. D.Pleased.19.A.He treated Sam kindly. B.He made fun of Sam.C.He learned to live with it.D.He pushed Sam downstairs.20.A.Bullying is uncommon in the school.B.The man speaker will apologize to Bill about what he posted about Bill.C.The man speaker was fully convinced by the woman speaker.D.The woman speaker thinks bullying does students harm in grades.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.How Much of the Jetsons'World Has Become a Reality?For most of our readers,The Jetsons may be an unfamiliar name.However,for many Americans born in or before the 1980s,it is a name we fondly remember.The Jestsons was a popular cartoon that featured a family living in an advanced world(21)______people settle in houses built in the sky,work only three days a week and drive flying cars that resemble flying saucers.While sky-high houses and three-day workweeks don’t appear to be on the horizon,other visions of the future(22)______(turn)into practical realities.Flying cars have been on the minds of scientists and inventors for decades.They are part of a typical imaging of the future fast-paced and luxurious,(23)______(allow)us to speed through the skies.As(24)______(see)in The Sky’s No longer the Limit,this flight of fancy may soon be a reality in Dubai.Aiming(25)______(become)the world’s most advanced city,Dubai is currently testing the first-ever flying taxi.(26)______money still exists in its current cash-based form in The Jetsons,people today are looking toward a world where even cash is out-of-date.Bitcoin is a type of digital money that has taken the world by storm.Since its introduction, the money’s price(27)______(increase)to rates as high as US$19,000.This,however,may not predict well for the future of digital currency,as experts warn that Bitcoin is a bubble and(28)______crash soon.It’s possible that some dreams of the future may still be(29)____________our reach.Other more probable technologies already exist,for example,future flying eye hospitals in A Hospital with Wings, unusual-engineered folding paper in Clever Folding and the population of endangered corals(珊瑚)in Lab-Bred Coral to the Rescue,etc.All these show(30)______humans are already capable of.So,what else could the future have in store for us?Section BComputer reads brain activity to find out the music each person is listening toIn the experiment,six volunteers heard40pieces of classical music,rock,pop,jazz,and others.The neural(神的) fingerprint of each song on participants'brain was___31___by the Magnetic Resonance(MR)machine while a computer was learning to identify the brain patterns drawn out by each musical piece.Musical___32___such as tone,volume, rhythm and beat were taken into account by the computer.After that,researchers expected that the computer would be able to do the___33___way:identify which song participants were listening to,based on their brain activity--a technique known as brain decoding.When faced with two options,the computer showed up to85%___34___in identifying the correct song,which is a great performance,comparing to previous studies.Researchers then pushed the test even___35___by providing not two but10options(e.g.one correct and nine wrong) to the computer.In this situation,the computer correctly identified the song in74%of the decisions.In the future,studies on brain decoding and machine learning will create possibilities of communication___36___any kind of written or spoken language."Machines will be able to translate our musical thoughts into songs,"says Sebastian Hoefle,researcher from D'Or Institute and PhD student from Federal University of Rio de Janeiro,Brazil.The study is a result of a___37___between Brazilian researchers and colleagues from Germany,Finland and India.According to Hoefle,brain decoding researches provide___38___to understand neural functioning and interact with it using artificial intelligence.In the future,he expects to find answers for___39___like"what musical characteristics make some people love a song while others don't?Is our brain___40___to prefer a specific kind of music?"III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Having a clear picture in mind of what their future will look like can motivate students to keep going despite the challenges of college life.This___41___seems to be particularly effective for female students from relatively low socioeconomic status(SES)backgrounds says Mesmin Destin of Northwestern University in the US.College is a time of great opportunity for some,but can be___42___for others.It is often the first time that many students are away from the regular and familiar support of their family and friends.Weak students from lower SES backgrounds often encounter greater financial and psychological challenges than others,and this can lead to___43___and even withdrawal from difficult situations,such as when interacting with their lecturers or taking tests and exams.Destin and his colleagues wanted to understand if students'___44___to academic challenges improve when they look forward to the future.This idea is built around the theory of identity-based motivation.It holds that people can take positive action during times of unfavorable conditions when they___45___a successful future for themselves."The theory of identity-based motivation proposes that stimulating a focus on a successful future identity may be especially___46___in motivating students who are weak during challenging academic situations to develop a sense of action readiness,"explains Destin."This involves feeling ready and able to take appropriate action when___47___ difficulty.In two almost identical laboratory experiments--one involving93female students,the other185students(including 101women)--participants were first asked either to write about their past or their future___48___.After their deep thoughts,the participants were filmed during an imitated interview with a so-called lecturer,and then had to___49___adifficult academic test.The research team noted whether participants'body language was bold and confident,and measured the amount of effort participants'___50___the academic test.The results were in agreement with the theory of identity-based motivation.Destin and his team found that having a successful future identity can prevent especially female students from lower SES backgrounds from___51___during challenging academic situations.Specifically,lower SES women who wrote about their future identities displayed greater action___52___compared to those who considered their past.They showed more confident body language.It helped them to make more effort to tackle the test,and had an indirect effect on their___53___."Stimulating imagined successful future identities appears to provide a___54___pathway to enable weak students to effectively navigate everyday stressors,"says Destin."The findings___55___suggest that certain students may benefit from strategies that remind them to image their successful futures before any difficult and important task that they might otherwise be likely to avoid."41.A.instruction B.strategy C.challenge D.psychology42.A.disgraceful B.shameful C.harmful D.stressful43.A.hesitation B.intention C.depression D.decision44.A.willingness B.options C.responses D.applications45.A.destroy B.imagine C.abandon D.substitute46.A.powerful B.upright C.unique D.ambitious47.A.avoiding B.overcoming C.surrendering D.encountering48.A.experience B.suffering C.success D.failure49.A.design plete ment D.revise50.A.put away B.put on C.put out D.put into51.A.withdrawing B.transforming C.advancing D.engaging52.A.quantity B.dullness C.readiness D.inability53.A.fascination B.ignorance C.dilemma D.performance54.A.tolerable B.potential C.straight D.academic55.A.therefore B.however C.otherwise D.meanwhileSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I believe in getting lost.Lost in the text of the novel that is particular to your thoughts and feelings that you consider special.The song that reminds you of your childhood summers,where you close your eyes and lose yourself reliving a memory;feeling the warm wind brushing against your arm,the smell of the dusty sand that you stir up as you ride your bicycle,murmuring the tune of that song.Like the unprepared Sunday Drive,with no destination.You’re free to wander, take paths that you’ve never noticed,discover places you haven’t been.Then falling off on the path to lead you back home, leaving you to test directions and alertly absorb your surroundings in order to find your way back;that kind of lost.I get lost daily;whether it’s in thought,or the unplanned drive I just decided to go on.Getting lost is an adventurous learning experience that trains you how to be more aware of your surroundings.A few of my most favorite memories involve physically getting lost.That one late night trip back to Ludington from Grand Rapids I took with a few friends.We finally realized we were going the wrong way when we hit South Haven,almost three hours out of our way.There was also the time where I got lost in the DeVos Place in Grand Rapids after the President’s Ball and then the parking garage for a solid two hours.I felt like my life was that one scene of an American television situation comedy,minus the air conditioner. At the time,these are nervous experiences that get your anxiety pumping.You’re fearful that you won’t be safe,but it always works itself out in the end.Physically losing yourself prepares you for how you manage when you emotionally or mentally lose yourself.You don’t always have to be lost in a literal sense to“get lost”and some of the time,losing yourself may not be a positive experience.There are times where I lose sight of who I am.While lost,I test out metaphorical paths and sometimes they turn out to be the right direction and other times they were a wrong turn.I make note of these wrong turns,so I can avoid them further on up the road of finding my way back to who I am.In Walden,Henry David Thoreau wrote“Not till we are lost,in other words not till we have lost the world,do we begin to find ourselves,and realize where we are and the infinite extent of our relations.”Getting lost fuels my curiosity and teaches me lessons on finding my way back to the right track.I believe in getting lost through day dreams,a misplacement, adventures,and difficult times where you make discoveries about yourself and the atmosphere around you.In order to truly find yourself,I believe that you should put down the map and get wonderfully lost.56.In the first paragraph,the author mainly expresses that______.A.lost in a novel is a special feelingB.songs remind us of past experiencesC.wandering is a wonderful discoveryD.getting lost brings us benefits57.The author mentions the experiences of physically getting lost(in paragraph2)in order to say_____.A.physically getting lost is most difficult to deal withB.we can enjoy trips while physically getting lostC.people are easy to get physically lost in our daily lifeD.we realize our surroundings while physically getting lost58.Words from Henry David Thoreau(in the last paragraph)imply that getting lost________.A.enables us to look within and to see outwardB.pulls people back into the previous momentC.enables us to remind ourselves of adventuresD.helps us enjoy ourselves wherever we are59.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.I Once Was LostB.Wonderfully LostC.Physically Getting LostD.Mentally Getting Lost(B)Two in three Americans shower once a day or more,according to a YouGov poll.Here’s why you might be better off showering less frequently(and here are other ways you might be showering wrong1Daily showers are best for people with physically demandingjobs,those who live in hot,damp climates.But if you don’t sweat thatoften,you could probably go two to three days without stepping intothe shower,skin doctor Monika G.Kiripolsky,MD,told Men's Health.Use these quick morning hacks to freshen up without showering.2Drying off with a towel can further make your delicate birthdaysuit become worse.It’s best to air dry,according to,but if that takes too long or you don’t likeleaving wet foot prints all over the house,use a soft towel and gentlypat your skin dry instead of vigorously rubbing it.Check out theseother mistakes everyone makes in the shower.4Right now,your skin is teeming with good bacteria,butshowering launches these microbes into the air.They’ll repopulate,butthere’s no good reason to get rid of them on a daily basis,according tothis blog post on .Find out what the healthiest temperaturefor your shower is.5Showers are typically the third largest water consumer in theaverage home(after toilets and clothes washers).The averageAmerican shower uses17.2gallons and lasts for8.2minutes at averageflow rate of2.1gallons per minute,according to Home Water Works,part of the Alliance for Water Efficiency.Cut back to three or fourshowers a week from seven(per person in your home!)and that could make a decent cut in yourwater bill.To make those four showers count,learn what science says is the best time of day toshower.60.What’s the whole passage mainly about?A.Reasons you can probably get away with showering more.B.Advice you can take on how to shower more and better.C.Harmful effects made on you through showering less.D.Benefits you can get from showering on a daily basis.61.This passage provides us with the following further detailed information Except___________.A.the best time of day to showerB.the proper temperature for your showerC.the other ways you shower wrongD.the other ways to cut your water bill62.Which of the following is Not a reason why you should shower less?A.Showering gets rid of good bacteria.B.You're absolutely as dirty as you think.C.Towel drying causes damage to your skin.D.You only really need to wash your smelly parts.(C)Social norms of right and wrong are vital to a well-functioning society.However,such moral standards are changeable and the psychological mechanisms(机制)driving this change are unknown.Now,researchers at Karolinska Institutet report that our view of selfish and unselfish behaviors changes depending on how common they are.The results are based on a combination of behavioral experiments,mathematical models and computer simulations.In the experiments,the participants first observed other people's behavior in a so-called"public goods game,"in which players receive a sum of money and then choose either to invest it to varying degrees so that it benefits everyone in the group,or to keep it for themselves.After every round,the participants were asked to judge the different choices as morally right or wrong,and whether the choices ought to be punished with a reduction in how much the players gained.Unselfish behavior was considered more morally right than selfish,but both behaviors were judged to be more moral and less deserving of punishment if the majority exhibited them than if they were uncommon.The commonness of the selfish behavior also affected the participants'willingness to themselves pay to punish selfishness."Tolerance of selfish behavior increased when the majority of the players kept the money for themselves,which surprised me,"says principal investigator Andreas Olsson,senior lecturer at Karolinska Institutet's Department of Clinical Neuroscience."The fact that a behavior is common doesn't automatically mean that it's right--this idea is based on faulty logic that confuses facts with moral values."The study shows our view of what is morally right and wrong has strong similarities with social conformity,in that we tend to adapt ourselves to the people around us and how they behave.This means that changes in our social environment can quickly alter our moral compass."This is interesting from several angles,and could explain why moral attitudes change over time,such as those towards public goods or legality,"says Björn Lindström,postdoc at University of Zürich and Karolinska Institutet's Department of Clinical Neuroscience.63.According to Andreas Olsson’s analysis,if people accept selfish behavior,they actually_____.A.get facts and moral values mixed upB.misunderstand social mechanismsC.follow the logic of their ownD.consider it correct and reasonable64.It can be concluded that the participants in the experiments are punished if_________.A.they can’t play"public goods game"B.invest the money to benefit group membersC.they behave differently from the majorityD.they keep the money for themselves65.According to the passage,what is morally right or wrong is shaped by the following Except__.A.the way people around us behaveB.changes in our social environmentC.personal standards of values and attitudesD.how widespread a particular behavior is66.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.The psychological mechanisms behind attitude changeB.Behavior is considered more moral the more common it isC.Our view of selfish and unselfish behaviorsD.Moral standards of selfish and unselfish behaviorsSection CDirections:Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box.Each sentence can only be used once.Notethat there are two sentences more than you need.A.They thus focused on two elements that are typical for contemporary work environments.B.The researchers used online questionnaires to obtain data.C.The notion that obtaining external feedback about one's ideas is essential for increasingcreativity is deeply rooted in society.D.The most important is that when an organization stimulates feedback seeking,it needs toensure that the work environment is excellent enough to use the benefits of feedback.E.The question,however,is whether these beneficial effects always occur.F.The creative achievements were assessed by their direct managers.Seeking feedback not always sufficient for stimulating creativityIt is widely believed that seeking feedback from colleagues,managers,friends and family enhances employees' creativity.But is this always the case?No,a positive effect depends on the work environment.This is the conclusion of new joint research study led by UvA work and organizational psychologist Roy Sijbom.(67)________For example,managers are encouraged to engage customers in order to confirm whether their business model is workable and scholars attend conferences to obtain feedback on their research results.A definite assumption is that individuals who have obtained feedback will also actually(be able to)use it.“The idea is simple:seeking feedback from different sources-also known as feedback source variety--benefits one's creativity since it leads to a greater diversity of viewpoints”,says Sijbom.“And the more diverse the viewpoints,the more it benefits one's creativity because by combining all the different viewpoints new perspectives will emerge that in turn will result in more creativity.(68)________”The researchers examined how specific characteristics of the immediate work environment influence the relationship between feedback source variety and creative performance.(69)________One is the recognized rate of change of performance standards.The other is the extent to which employees feel they have sufficient time to develop creative ideas at work(experienced creative time pressure).“We discovered a growing relationship between the search for input from a variety of feedback sources and creativity,but only when performance standards within an organization are changing and when a relatively low creative time pressure is experienced”,says Sijbom.Sijbom offers several recommendations:“(70)________In a more concrete sense,organizations can,for example, consider using feedback workshops in which employees are encouraged to reflect on diverse feedback and equipped with techniques and strategies on how to absorb feedback in their daily work.In addition,managers should not only stimulate their employees to actively cultivate relationships with potential feedback sources within and outside the organization,but also provide sufficient time to process the feedback obtained from these relationships.”IV.Summary Writing71.Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than e your own words as far as possible.Screen-addicted teens are unhappyA new study explored the link between adolescent life satisfaction and screen time.Researchers found that teens who spent more time in front of screen devices--playing computer games,using social media,texting and video chatting--were less happy than those who invested more time in non-screen activities like sports,reading newspapers and magazines,and face-to-face social interaction.Total screen avoidance doesn't lead to happiness either.The greater unhappiness among those with no screen exposure could be due to several factors,Twenge,the leading researcher said.“It could be that they are left out of the social scene of high school,that it’s very difficult to carry on friendships in high school these days without texting at all or being on social media.”It is also possible that those kids are outliers,Twenge said—teens with special needs or in special education,or those whose screens have been taken away from them by parents.The key to digital media use and happiness is limited use.The happiest teens used digital media a little less than an hour per day.But after a daily hour of screen time,unhappiness rises steadily along with increasing screen time,the researchers report in the journal Emotion."Make effort to spend no more than two hours a day on digital media,and try to increase the amount of time you spend seeing friends face-to-face and exercising--two activities reliably linked to greater happiness."Twenge said."By far the largest change in teens'lives between2012and2016was the increase in the amount of time they spent on digital media,and the following decline in in-person social activities and sleep,"the leading researcher said."The arrival of the smartphone is the most reasonable explanation for the sudden decrease in teens'psychological well-being."V.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.我对这场比赛的结果抱乐观态度。

2018届上海市各区高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题试题汇编--听力部分--学生版（已校对）

I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. In a restaurant. B. In a bookstore. C. At a bus stop. D. In a library.2.A. Guest and receptionist. B. Passenger and air hostess.C. Customer and shop assistant.D. Consumer and waitress.3.A. Writing his term paper. B. Having a coffee break.C. Playing computer games.D. Attending an online school.4.A. It’s quite dear. B. It’s not good.C. It’s very cheap.D. She doesn’t like it.5.A. Work in a restaurant. B. Look for a full-time job.C. Travel around Hainan Island.D. Make a plan for a trip.6.A. He’s too busy to serve her. B. He’s sorry for there being no enough cash.C. She should open a new savings account.D. She has to go to the manager’s desk.7.A. He works as a gardener. B. He is too busy at work to play.C. He prefers sports to gardening.D. He lives in the countryside.8.A. 60 MPH. B. 50MPH. C. 40MPH. D. 10MPH.9.A. The man could not wait to see Susan. B. Susan is eager to pass on information.C. Susan is waiting for the latest news.D. The man knows the latest news in town.10.A. Risks may exist when they chase high profits in a short time.B. It’s feasible for people to be after large short-term profits.C. No one can avoid being victims of financial tricks.D. Every one is likely to make large short-term profits.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. On Tuesdays and Wednesdays. B. On Tuesdays and Thursdays.C. On Wednesdays and Thursdays.D. On Tuesdays and Fridays.12. A. Once a week. B. Twice a week. C. Once a month. D. Twice a month.13. A. Classroom tests. B. Attendance rate.C. Research papers.D. Final exam.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Parents. B. Teachers. C. Experts. D. Businessmen.15. A. Maintain a savings account. B. Visit the bank regularly.C. Hire a personal accountant.D. Manage his own money.16. A. The current economic situation has a negative influence on America.B. Parent-child communication on financial matters must be open.C. Teens should learn to handle money matters well on their own.D. Financial managers are most needed during the economic crisis.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. March. B. April. C. May. D. September.18. A. Inform the director of student housing in a letter.B. Deposit some money in the bank.C. Go to the housing office to make a dorm deposit.D. Maintain a high grade average.19. A. There are too many freshmen. B. It costs too much.C. The rooms are too small.D. It is too noisy.20. A. Where to live the following year. B. When to move.C. How much time to spend at home.D. Whose house to visit.I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a fruit store B. In a gym C. At a restaurant D. At a watch shop2. A. 4:30 B. 5:00 C. 5:10 D. 5:153. A. Boss and secretary B. Nurse and patientC. Salesman and customerD. Teacher and student4. A. The tickets are more expensive B. The tickets told online are cheaperC. It is difficult to get tickets on the spotD. It’s better to buy tickets offline5. A. He wants to be a musician in the futureB. He shows more interest in English learningC. He displays great music talent in the exhibitionD. He doesn’t make enough efforts in English learning6. A. He wants to get some sleep B. He needs time to write a paperC. He has a literature class to attendD. He is troubled by his sleep problem7. A. It looks old B. It looks newC. It doesn’t need paintingD. It doesn’t run well8. A. Extremely dull B. Hard to understandC. Lacking a good storyD. Not worth seeing twice9. A. Plan his budget carefully B. Buy a gift for his motherC. Ask someone else for adviceD. Give her more information10. A. She didn’t like telling jokes B. She went to school after 9 a.m.C. She may not have gone to school todayD. She may have been late for schoolSection BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following dialogue11. A. He found his TV was broken B. He missed a good TVC. He felt bored with the TV programD. He lost his meal tickets in the cafeteria12. A. He lost fifty dollars B. His time was wastedC. His brain wasn’t very activeD. He watched just one program13. A. Part of the brain is not in useB. Part of the brain becomes more passiveC. It takes longer to process visual informationD. It processes complex information less activelyQuestions 14 through 17 are based on the following dialogue14. A. From the newspaper B. From her classmateC. From her friendsD. From the man15. A. Plant more trees in the school yard B. Organize a picnic on ThursdayC. Build a parking lot for studentsD. Protect the natural beauty on campus16. A. Attend a meeting B. Attend a classC. Visit her friendsD. Go to the parking lot17. A. Lend her pen to the man B. Go to the administrationC. Support the students action unionD. Give out the handoutsQuestions 18 through 20 are based on the following dialogue18. A.There are numerous languages in the existenceB. Most public languages are essentially vagueC. People differ greatly in their ability to communicateD. Big gaps exist between private and public languages19. A. It is a sign of human intelligence B. It improves with constant practiceC. It is something we are born withD. It varies from person to person20. A. How various languages are related to each otherB. How children learn to use language in particular waysC. How private languages are developed from public onesD. How people of different ages create their own languagesI. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Challenges. B. Hobbies. C. Jobs. D. Experiences.2. A. Interesting. B. Boring. C. Difficult. D. Amazing.3. A. Watching TV and videos. B. Replacing videos with TV.C. Parents’ involvement.D. Having baby sitters.4. A. A policeman. B. An accountant. C. A salesman. D. A bank teller.5. A. 7:40. B. 7:15. C. 7:20. D. 7:45.6. A. He will get someone to do it. B. She should do it herself.C. They don’t have to do it.D. He will clean the desk right away.7. A. By bus. B. By subway. C. By taxi. D. By car.8. A. He is not a good mechanic. B. He doesn’t keep his word.C. He spends his spare time doing repairs.D. He is always ready to offer help to others.9. A. She has been having a sad day. B. She needs to take a day off.C. She wants to play basketball, too.D. She has been annoyed by the noise.10. A. The man isn’t sure about the rehearsal.B. It’s better for the woman to wear a costume.C. The woman would regret it if she wore a costume.D. It wouldn’t make any difference if the woman did it.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following dialogue11. A. He qualified as a teacher. B. He became a student.C. He became a government researcher.D. He conducted a research on Zimbabwe.12. A. Children’s minds are not used to the full.B. It is a great drain on children’s time and energy.C. It highlights the flexibility o f children’s minds.D. It prevents children from seeking answers by themselves.13. A. To teach people to understand the worldB. To instruct people how to raise good questions.C. To encourage people to study as they get older.D. To inform people of problems in foreign countries.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To serve as a time killer.B. To cultivate people’s reading killsC. To promote the sales of some books.D. To encourage people to take public transportation15. A. The stories are the short edition of some website articles.B. Users can choose the length and type of the stories.C. The stories are obtained by simply pressing a button.D. Users don’t need to pay for the short stories.16. A. From the boring travel experience. B. From the love for short stories.C. From the positive feedbackD. From the snack vending machine.Qusions17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. 5. B. 7. C. 8. D. 10.18. A. Because his friends don’t get off work till 5 p.m.B. Because there will be more friends to go to the cinema on Friday.C. Because the film will be more popular than the Wednesday’s.D. Because there are not enough tickets left for the 9 p.m. showing.19. A. Paying a deposit. B. E-ordering in advance.C. Paying right away.D. Collecting tickets one day ahead.20. A. The film. B. The date C. The seating. D. The viewers.Ⅰ. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. He is angry. B. He is exhausted. C. He is hungry. D. He is disappointed.2. A. Go over his lessons B. Attend the partC. Eat out with friendsD. Take the final exam3. A. She is most likely to be arrested. B. She has forgotten to call the police.C. She may have lost her driving license.D. She is lying to the police officer.4. A. Bill broke his promise. B. Mum will probably reward Bill.C. Bill failed in the testD. Mum is worried about Bill’s work.5. A. Make a recovery plan. B. Go back to work.C. Drop out of school.D. Quit her present job.6. A. She gave him a lift home again. B. She offered him an extra room.C. She treated him well at her home.D. She spared much time for him.7. A. She doesn't have time to find a new flat.B. She has not paid enough rent in advance.C. She is unlikely to give up the nice flat.D. She wants to decorate the flat during the holiday.8. A. Extreme sports. B. Travel insurance. C. Bungee jumping. D. Diving safety.9. A. She likes Phillips singing very much.B. She appreciates other kinds of musicals.C. She enjoys the changes of his musicalsD. She admires other singers more than Phillips.10. A. American students are too talkative in class.B. It is hard to learn a lot in an American school.C. One can join in schooling in different ways.D. Active participation is greatly encouraged.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. One should wait for things to happen before leaving.B. One should remain silent when things are getting hard.C. One should try to take control of the difficult situationD. One should turn to other people for instant help12. A. By motivating himself to take action. B. By seeking help from his friend.C. By thinking of the meaning of lifeD. By taking good care of himself.13. A. Life is not always peaceful and it is full of terrible accidents.B. Keep a positive attitude and focus on survival whatever happensC. Advanced equipment is the essential factor in surviving crisesD. Be ready to get immediate assistance when lost in the jungleQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. In 1969. B. In 2012. C. In 1976. D. In2016.15. A. Suggested creating a university of science and technology in Egypt.B. Helped many Egyptian scientists to be awarded the Nobel Prize.C. Developed cooperation with the University of California in the U.S.D. Provided excellent Egyptian students with more financial support.16. A. For his relationship with Egyptian President.B. For his academic performance in technology.C. For his good service in the Egyptian Army.D. For his outstanding contributions to Egypt.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. It offers different opinions on old age.B. It is about how to keep healthy in old age.C. It investigates the causes of the aging problem.D. It reveals the secrets of living longer.18. A. The old are thought to be healthy but lonely.B. The old are reported to be poor but happy.C. The old are regarded as an unattractive group.D. The old are considered dangerous to the society.19. A. They are easy to fall down with serious illness.B. They enjoy traveling and getting new experiences.C. They are difficult to be recognized due to the changes.D. They have no more mental problems than the middle-aged.20. A. Raise people's awareness of caring for the old.B. Help people take their responsibilities for the old.C. Change people’s attitude towards the aged group.D. Ease people's fear and anxiety about growing old.I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Worried and frightened. B. Relaxed and happy.C. Quite embarrassed.D. Deeply ashamed.2. A. Bill has never used a calculator. B. Bill can work better without a calculator.C. Bill is working with a calculator.D. Bill needs a calculator for this work.3. A. To cut his jeans short. B. To go on a diet.C. To wear fitted clothes.D. To buy a pair of jeans.4. A. Having an interview. B. Filling out a form.C. Talking with a friend.D. Asking for information.5. A. Put her report on his desk. B. Read some papers he recommended.C. Mail her report to the publisher.D. Improve some parts of her paper.6. A. Make some coffee. B. Meet the woman at the library.C. Continue to read.D. Go out with some friends.7. A. The man should buy a different meal ticket every month.B. Buying the meal ticket won’t save the man any money.C. It is better for the man to pay for each meal separately.D. The price of a meal may vary from month to month.8. A. She’s upset that she missed the television program.B. She doesn’t think the tel evision program was funny.C. She doesn’t like talking about television programs.D. She watched the television program at a friend’s house.9. A. He doubts the woman’s words. B. He hasn’t read the novel yet.C. He enjoyed reading the novel a lot.D. He is not interested in the novel at all.10. A. The talks haven’t started yet. B. They have come to a general agreement.C. The talks haven’t achieved much.D. The talks broke down and went no further.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. They learn singing and dancing. B. They attend outdoor music festivals.C. They work on the farm for charity.D. They volunteer to work for others.12. A. On the beach. B. In a park. C. On a farm. D. In a stadium.13. A. It is run on a profit-making basis. B. It has achieved growing success.C. Fans can have free lunch there.D. Only superstars are invited to perform.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The number of refugees is increasing sharply.B. Most refugees cannot get necessary services.C. Many refugee children cannot receive education.D. More children cannot afford to go to university.15. A. No host nations want to change education systems.B. It is impossible to find so many extra teachers.C. Parents can’t afford to se nd their kids to school.D. The refugee population grows but there’s not enough money.16. A. The necessity of education.B. The prohibition of child labor.C. The victims of armed conflicts.D. The living conditions of the poor.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. It has started a week-long promotion campaign.B. It has just launched its annual anniversary sales.C. It offers regular weekend sales all the year round.D. It specializes in the sale of men’s suits.18. A. Price reductions for its frequent customers.B. Gift cards for customers with any purchases.C. Free delivery of purchases for senior customers.D. Price adjustments within seven days of purchase.19. A. Mail a gift card to her. B. Allow her to buy on credit.C. Credit it to her account.D. Give her cash directly.20. A. It has already been sold out. B. It will be sent to the woman by mail.C. It is not available for the moment.D. It is one of the items on sale.I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. He will review 2 more lessons. B. He will study the other 20 lessons.C. He will go over the 13 lessons.D. He will study all the 15 lessons.2.A. His injury kept him at home. B. He didn’t think it necessary.C. He was too weak to see the doctor.D. He failed to make an appointment.3.A. The post office. B. Monroe Street.C. The courthouse.D. Fourth Avenue.4.A. Disappointed. B. Approving. C. Concerned. D. Doubtful.5.A. He played his part quite well. B. He was not dramatic enough.C. He performed better than the secretary.D. He exaggerated his part.6.A. He wrote a book about great restaurants.B. He always makes reservations for dinner.C. He read a book while he was eating dinner.D. He always finds good places to eat.7.A. He is afraid he won’t be chosen for the trip.B. The boss has not decided where to go.C. Such a trip is necessary for the company.D. It’s not certain whether the trip will take place.8.A. It’s too expensive to get the apartment furnished.B. The furniture he bought was very cheap.C. The apartment was provided with some old furniture.D. It’s hard to find proper furniture for his apartment.9.A. She is intended to work for the school newspaper.B. The man can spare some time reading school newspaper.C. The man has a very tight schedule.D. The man should have taken more than five classes.10.A. Whether the meeting is certainly to be held on Monday.B. What bad news will be talked about at the meeting.C. What they are going to discuss at the meeting.D. Where the meeting is to be held.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will heartwo passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear aquestion, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Appropriateness of the programs. B. The operation of national programs.C. The incomes of the corporation.D. The welfare of the staff.12. A. By donations from the public. B. By selling its programs.C. By selling broadcasting devices.D. By getting support from the royals.13. A. Its humorous styles. B. The richness of its programs.C. Famous news announcers.D. Its neutral views on news.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Social progress and individual development.B. Human behaviors and social changes.C. General concepts about psychology and sociology.D. Relationship between cultures and human behaviors.15. A. What is the role of religion or art in a society?B. What is the main reason for revolution in a society?C. What are the causes of antisocial behavior?D. Why does one society progress more rapidly than another?16. A. Both psychology and sociology study human behavior.B. Mental problems should be dealt with by a sociologist.C. Sociology is the study of group behavior.D. Psychology pays more attention to individuals than to groups.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. It looks into opinions that people hold about old age.B. It is about how to keep healthy in old age.C. It investigates causes of old people’s unhappiness.D. It reveals the secret of living longer.18. A. Arise people’s awareness of caring for the old.B. Encourage people to be more responsible for the old.C. Help people change their feelings about old age.D. Ease people’s fear and anxiety about mental illness of the old.19. A. They are mostly among the 60-70 age group.B. They are mostly abandoned by their families.C. People do not become more lonely because of old age.D. People among any age group are not lonely at all.20. A. They are changing suddenly and completely at a particular age.B. It’s hard to recognize a person when he is turning old.C. Old people can’t deal with events and problems properly.D. People do not change in old age a lot more than in middle age.I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At an airport B. In a hotel C. At a police station. D. At a restaurant2. A. At4:20 B. At4:40 C. At4:50. D. At4:303. A. Its price B. Its location C. Its comfort D. Its facilities4. A Employer and employ B. Husband and wifeC. Teacher and studentD. Patient and doctor5. A. To cancel his trip. B. To go to bed earlyC. To catch the later flightD. To ask for a morning call.6. A. Cathy already knows about the exhibit. B. Cathy has to act in a play.C. He did show her one of the signs.D. There will be an exhibit in the theatre.7. A. The critic has a very funny comment on the musicalB The woman agrees with the mans opinion of the musical.C. The woman has a very positive comment on the musical.D. The man and the woman differ in their opinion of the musical.8. A. David never likes to play tennis. B. David's unable to play tennis with them.C. David isn't a very good tennis player.D. David is in town for a game of tennis.9. A. Satisfied. B. Impatient. C. Exhausted. D. Amused.10. A. He wants to get a new job. B. He is asking the woman for help.C. He has left the woman a good impression. D He enjoys letter writing.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked questions on each of them. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. She wanted to have a garden similar to their neighbour's.B. Her husband would like to have a beautiful backyard.C. She was going to make the rented house her own home.D. The community required them to keep the backyard lovely.12. A. By getting involved in doing voluntary work.B. By picking up mails for their neighbours.C. By keeping an eye on their neighbours' children.D. By planting trees along the street with others.13. A. Her husband volunteered to work in the neighbourhood.B. They took on new responsibilities for their neighbours.C. She was planning to plant a new garden in the backyard.D. She enjoyed the relationship they built with the community.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.。

英语_2018年上海市宝山区高考英语二模试卷含答案

2018年上海市宝山区高考英语二模试卷Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.1.How Much of the Jetsons' World Has Become a Reality？For most of our readers， The Jetsons may be an unfamiliar name． However， for many American born in or before the 1980s， it is a name we fondly remember． The Jetsons was a popular cartoon that featured a family living in an advanced world （21）________ people settle in houses built in the sky， work only three days a week and drive flying cars that resemble flying saucers． While sky﹣high houses and three﹣day workweeks don't appear to be on the horizon， other visions of the future （22）________（turn）into practical realities．Flying cars have been on the minds of scientists and inventors for decades． They are part of a typical imaging of the future fast﹣paced and luxurious，（23）________（allow）us to speed through the skies． As （24）________（see）in The Sky's No longer the Limit， this flight of fancy may soon be a reality in Dubai． Aiming （25）________（become）the world's most advanced city， Dubai is currently testing the first﹣ever flying taxi．（26）________ money still exists in its current cash﹣based form in The Jetsons， people today are looking toward a world where even cash is out﹣of﹣date． Bitcoin is a type of digital money that has taken the world by storm． Since its introduction， the money's price （27）________（increase）to rates as high as US﹩19，000． This， however， may not predict well for the future of digital currency， as experts warn that Bitcoin is a bubble and （28）________ crash soon． It's possible that some dreams of the future may still be （29）________ our reach．Other more probable technologies already exist， for example， future flying eye hospitals in A Hospital with Wings， unusual﹣engineered folding paper in Clever Folding and the population of endangered corals（珊瑚）in Lab﹣Bred Coral to the Rescue， etc． All these show （30）________ humans are already capable of． So， what else could the future have in store for us？Section B Directions：After reading the passage below， fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.2.Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.In the experiment, six volunteers heard 40 pieces of classical music, rock, pop, jazz, andothers. The Neural（神经的）fingerprint of each song on participants' brain was（1）______ by the Magnetic Resonance（MR）machine while a computer was learning to identify the brain patterns drawn out by each musical piece. Musical（2）______ such as tone, volume, rhythm and beat were taken in account by the computer.After that, researchers expected that the computer would be able to do the（3）______ way: identify which song participants were listening to, based on their brain activity—a technique known as brain decoding. When faced two options, the computer showed up to 85%（4）______ in identifying the correct song, which is a great performance, comparing to previous studies. Researchers then pushed the test even（5）______ by providing not two but 10 options（e.g. one correct and nine wrong）to the computer. In this situation, the computer correctly identified the song in 74% of the decisions.In the future, studies on brain decoding and machine learning will create possibilities of communication（6）______ any kind of written or spoken language. "Machines will be able to translate our musical thoughts into songs," says Sebastian Hoefle, researcher from D'Or Institute and PhD student from Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The study is a result of a（7）______ between Brazilian researchers and colleagues from Germany, Finland and India.According to Hoefle, brain decoding researches provide（8）______ to understand neural functioning and interact with it using artificial intelligence. In the future, he experts to find answers for（9）______ like "what musical characteristics make some people love a song while others don't? Is our brain（10）______ to prefer a specific kind of music?"Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C， and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.3.Having a clear picture in mind of what their future will look like can motivate students to keep going despite the challenges of college life. This（1）______ seems to be particularly effective for female students from relatively low socioeconomic status（SES）backgrounds says Mesmin Destin of Northwestern University in the US. College is a time of great opportunity for some, but can be（2）______ for others. It is often the first time that many students are away from the regular and familiar support of their family and friends. Weak students from lower SES backgrounds often encounter greater financial and psychological challenges than others, and this can lead to（3）______ and even withdrawal from difficult situations, such as when interacting with their lecturers or taking tests and exams.Destin and his colleagues wanted to understand if students'（4）______ to academic challenges improve when they look forward to the future. This idea is built around the theory of identity-based motivation. It holds that people can take positive action during times of unfavorable conditions when they（5）______ a successful future for themselves. "The theory of identity-based motivation proposes that stimulating a focus on a successful future identity may be especially（6）______ in motivating students who are weak during challenging academic situations to develop a sense of action readiness," explains Destin. This involves feeling ready and able to take appropriate action when（7）______ difficulty.In two almost identical laboratory experiments—one involving 93 female students, the other 185 students（including 101 women）—participants were first asked either to write about their past or their future（8）______. After their deep thoughts, the participants were filmed during an limited interview with a so-called lecturer, and then had to（9）______ a difficult academic test. The research team noted whether participants' body language was bold and confident, and measured the amount of effort participants'（10）______ the academic test. The results were in agreement with the theory of identity-based motivation. Destin and his team found that having a successful future identity can prevent especially female students from lower SES backgrounds from（11）______ during challenging academic situations. Specially, lower SES women who wrote about their future identities displayed greater action （12）______ compared to those who considered their past. They showed more confident body language. It helped them to make more effort to tackle the test, and had an indirect effect on their（13）______."Simulating imagined successful future identities appears to provide a（14）______ pathway to enable weak students to effectively navigate everyday stressors, "says Destin." The findings（15）______ suggest that certain students may benefit from strategies that remind them to image their successful futures before any difficult and important task that they might otherwise be likely to avoid."（1）A instructionB strategyC challengeD psychology（2）A disgracefulB shamefulC harmfulD stressful（3）A hesitationB intentionC depressionD decision（4）A willingnessB optionsC responsesD applications（5）A destroyB imagineC abandonD substitute（6）A powerfulB uprightC uniqueD ambitious（7）A avoidingB overcomingC surrenderingD encountering（8）A experienceB sufferingC successD failure（9）A designB completeC commentD revise（10）A put awayB put onC put outD put into（11）A withdrawingB transformingC advancingD engaging（12）A quantityB dullnessC readinessD inability（13）A fascinationB ignoranceC dilemmaD performance（14）A tolerableB potentialC straightD academic（15）A thereforeB howeverC otherwiseD meanwhileSection B Directions：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C，and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.4. I believe in getting lost． Lost in the text of the novel that is particular to your thoughts and feelings that you consider special． The song that reminds you of your childhood summers, where you close your eyes and lose yourself reliving a memory; feeling the warm wind brushing against your arm, the smell of the dusty sand that you stir up as you ride yourbicycle, murmuring the tune of that song． Like the unprepared Sunday Drive, with no destination． You're free to wander, take paths that you've never noticed, discover places you haven't been． Then falling off on the path to lead you back home, leaving you to test directions and alertly absorb your surroundings in order to find your way back; that kind of lost．I get lost daily, whether it's in thought, or the unplanned drive I just decided to go on． Getting lost is an adventurous learning experience that trains you how to be more aware of your surroundings． A few of my most favorite memories involve physically getting lost． That one late night trip back to Ludington from Grand Rapids I took with a few friends． We finally realized we were going the wrong way when we hit SouthHaven, almost three hours out of our way． There was also the time where I got lost in the De Vos Place in Grand Rapids after the President's Ball and then the parking garage for a solid two hours． I felt like my life was that one scene of an American television situation comedy, minus the air conditioner． At the time, these are nervous experiences that get your anxiety pumping． You're fearful that you won't be safe, but it always works itself out in the end． Physically losing yourself prepares you for how you manage when you emotionally or mentally lose yourself．You don't always have to be lost in a literal sense to"get lost"and some of the time, losing yourself may not be a positive experience． There are times where I lose sight of who I am． While lost, I test our metaphorical paths and sometimes they turn out to be the right direction and other times they were a wrong turn． I make note of these wrong turns, so I can avoid them further on up the road of finding my way back to who I am．In Walden, Henry David Thoreau wrote"Not till we are lost, in other words not till we have lost the world, do we begin to find ourselves, and realize where we are and the infinite extent of our relations．"Getting lost fuels my curiosity and teaches me lessons on finding my way back to the right track． I believe in getting lost through day dreams, a misplacement, adventures, and difficult times where you make discoveries about yourself and the atmosphere around you． In order to truly find yourself, I believe that you should put down the map and get wonderfully lost．（1） In the first paragraph， the author mainly expresses that________．A lost in a novel is a special feeling ．B songs remind us of pastexperiences． C wandering is a wonderful discovery ． D getting lost brings us benefits．（2） The author mentions the experiences of physically getting lost（in paragraph 2）in order to say________．A physically getting lost is most difficult to deal with．B we can enjoy trips while physically getting lost．C people are easy to get physically lost in our dailylife． D we realize our surroundings while physically getting lost．（3） Words from Henry David Thoreau（in the last paragraph）imply that gettinglost________．A enables us to look within and to see outward．B pulls people back into the previousmoment． C enables us to remind ourselves of adventures． D helps us enjoy ourselves wherever we are．（4） Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？________A I Once Was Lost ．B Wonderfully Lost．C Physically GettingLost ． D Mentally Getting Lost．5. Two in three Americans shower once a day or more, according to a YouGov poll． Here's why you might be better off showering less frequently（and here are other ways you might be showering wrong）（1） What's the whole passage mainly about？________A Reasons you can probably get away with showering less．B Advice you can take on how to shower more and better．C Harmful effects made on you through showering less．D Benefits you can get from showering on a daily basis．（2） This passage provides us with the following further detailed informationExcept________．A the best time of day to shower．B the proper temperature for yourshower． C the other ways you shower wrong． D the other ways to cut your water bill．（3） Which of the following is Not a reason why you should shower less？________A Showering gets rid of good bacteria．B You're absolutely as dirty as youthink． C Towel drying causes damage to your skin． D You only really need to wash your smelly parts．6. Social norms of right and wrong are vital to a well﹣functioningsociety． However, such moral standards are changeable and the psychological mechanisms （机制）driving this change are unknown． Now, researchers at Karolinska Institutet report that our view of selfish and unselfish behaviors changes depending on how common they are．The results are based on a combination of behavioral experiments, mathematical models and computer simulations． In the experiments, the participants first observed other people's behavior in a so﹣called"public goods game, "in which players receive a sum of money and then choose either to invest it to varying degrees so that it benefits everyone in the group, or to keep it for themselves． After every round, the participants were asked to judge the different choices as morally right or wrong, and whether the choices ought to be punished with a reduction in how much the players gained．Unselfish behavior was considered more morally right than selfish, but both behaviors were judged to be more moral and less deserving of punishment if the majority exhibited them than if they were uncommon． The commonness of the selfish behavior also affected the participants' willingness to themselves pay to punish selfishness．"Tolerance of selfish behavior increased when the majority of the players kept the money for themselves, which surprised me, "says principal investigator Andreas Olsson, senior lecturer at Karolinska Institutet's Department of Clinical Neuroscience．"The fact that a behavior is common doesn't automatically mean that it's right ﹣ this idea is based on faulty logic that confuses facts with moral values．"The study shows our view of what is morally right and wrong has strong similarities with social comformity, in that we tend to adapt ourselves to the people around us and how they behave． This means that changes in our social environment can quickly alter our moral compass．"This is interesting from several angles, and could explain why moral attitudes change over time, such as those towards public goods or legality, "says Bjorn Lindstrom, postdoc at University of Zurich and Karolinska Institutet's Department of Clinical Neuroscience．（1） According to Andreas Olsson's analysis， if people accept selfish behavior， they actually________．A get facts and moral values mixed up ．B misunderstand socialmechanisms． C follow the logic of their own ． D consider it correct and reasonable．（2） It can be concluded that the participants in the experiments are punished if________．A they can't play"public goods game"． B invest the money to benefit group members． C they behave differently from the majority． D they keep the money for themselves．（3） According to the passage， what is morally right or wrong is shaped by the following Except________．A the way people around us behave ．B changes in our socialenvironment． C personal standards of values and attitudes ． D how widespread a particular behavior is．（4） Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？________A The psychological mechanisms behind attitude change．B Behavior is considered more moral the more common it is．C Our view of selfish and unselfish behaviors．D Moral standards of selfish and unselfish behaviors．Section C Directions：Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentences can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.7.Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentences can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.It is widely believed that seeking feedback from colleagues, managers, friends and family enhances employees' creativity. But is this always the case? No, a positive effect depends on the work, environment. This is the conclusion of new joint research study led by UvA work and organizational psychologist Roy Sijbom.（1）______ For example, managers are encouraged to engage customers in order to confirm whether their business model is workable and scholars attend conferences to obtain feedback on their research results. A definite assumption is that individuals who have obtained feedback will also actually（be able to）use it."The idea is simple: seeking feedback from different sources—also known as feedback source variety—benefits one's creativity since it leads to a greater diversity of viewpoints", says Sijbom. "And the more diverse the viewpoints, the more it benefits one's creativity because by combing all the different viewpoints new perspectives will emerge that in turn will result in more creativity.（2）______"The researchers examined how specific characteristics of the immediate work environment influence the relationship between feedback source variety and creative performance.（3）______ One is the recognized rate of change of performance standards. The other is the extent to which employees feel they have sufficient time to develop creative ideas at work （experienced creative time pressure）. "We discovered a growing relationship between the search for input from a variety of feedback sources and creativity, but only when performance standards within an organization are changing and when a relatively low creative time pressure is experienced", says Sijbom.Sijbom offers several recommendations: "（4）______ In a more concrete sense, organizations can, for example, consider using feedback workshops in which employees are encouraged to reflect on diverse feedback and equipped with techniques and strategies on how to absorb feedback in their daily work. In addition, managers should not only stimulate their employees to actively cultivate relationships with potential feedback sources within and outside the organization, but also provide sufficient time to process the feedback obtained from these relationships."Summary Writing8. Directions： Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point （s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．Screen﹣addicted teens are unhappyA new study explored the link between adolescent life satisfaction and screentime． Researchers found that teens who spent more time in front of screen devices ﹣playing computer games， using social media， texting and video chatting ﹣were less happy than those who invested more time in non﹣screen activities like sports， reading newspapers and magazines， and face﹣to﹣face social interaction．Total screen avoidance doesn't lead to happiness either． The greater unhappiness among those with no screen exposure could be due to several factors， Twenge， the leading researcher said．"It could be that they are left out of the social scene of high school， thatit's very difficult to carry on friendships in high school these days without texting at all or being on social media．"It is also possible that those kids are outliers， Twenge said ﹣teens with special needs or in special education， or those whose screens have been taken away from them by parents．The key to digital media use and happiness is limited use． The happiest teens used digital media a little less than an hour per day． But after a daily hour of screen time，unhappiness rises steadily along with increasing screen time， the researchers report in the journal Emotion．"Make effort to spend no more than two hours a day on digital media， and try to increase the amount of time you spend seeing friends face﹣to﹣face and exercising﹣two activities reliably linked to greater happiness．"Twenge said．"By far the largest change in teen's lives between 2012 and 2016 was the increase in the amount of time they spent on digital media， and the following decline in in﹣person social activities and sleep，" the leading researcher said．"The arrival of the smartphone is the most reasonable explanation for the sudden decrease in teens' psychological well﹣being．"________TranslationDirections： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.9. Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets. （1）我对这场比赛的结果抱乐观态度。

上海市宝山区届高三下学期教学质量检测(二模)英语试题知识交流

宝山区2017-2018学年第二学期教学质量监测高三年级英语学科试卷Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the otherblanks, use one word that best fits each blank.How Much of the Jetsons’ World Has Become a Reality?For most of our readers, The Jetsons may be an unfamiliar name. However, for many American born in orbefore the 1980s, it is a name we fondly remember. The Jetsons was a popular cartoon that featured a family living in an advanced world ___21___ people settle in houses built in the sky, work only three days a week anddrive flying cars that resemble flying saucers. While sky-high houses and three-day workweeks don’t appear to be on the horizon, other visions of the future ___22___（turn）into practical realities.Flying cars have been on the minds of scientists and inventors for decades. They are part of a typical imagingof the future fast-paced and luxurious, ___23___（allow）us to speed through the skies. As ___24___（see）in The Sky’s No longer the Limit, this flight of fancy may soon be a reality in Dubai. Aiming ___25___（become）theDubai is currently testing the first-ever flying taxi.world’s most advanced city,___26___ money still exists in its current cash-based form in The Jetsons, people today are looking toward aworld where even cash is out-of-date. Bitcoin is a type of digital money that has taken the world by storm. Since（increase）to rates as high as US$ 19,000. This, however, may notits introduction, the money’s price ___27___predict well for the future of digital currency, as experts warn that Bitcoin is a bubble and ___28___ crash soon.It’s possible that some dreams of the future may still be ___29___ ______ our reach.Other more probable technologies already exist, for example, future flying eye hospitals in A Hospital with Wings, unusual-engineered folding paper in Clever Folding and the population of endangered corals（珊瑚）inLab-Bred Coral to the Rescue, etc. All these show ___30___ humans are already capable of. So, what else couldthe future have in store for us?Section BDirections：After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each wordcan be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.A. adaptedB. harderC. alternativesD. featuresE. cooperationF. questionsG. accuracy H. captured I. regardless J. opposite K. analyzingComputer reads brain activity to find out the music each person is listening toIn the experiment, six volunteers heard 40 pieces of classical music, rock, pop, jazz, and others. The Neuralbrain was ___31___ by the Magnetic Resonance（MR）（神经的）fingerprint of each song on participants’　machine while a computer was learning to identify the brain patterns drawn out by each musical piece. Musical___32___ such as tone, volume, rhythm and beat were taken in account by the computer.After that, researchers expected that the computer would be able to do the ___33___ way: identify which song participants were listening to, based on their brain activity –a technique known as brain decoding. When faced two options, the computer showed up to 85% ___34___ in identifying the correct song, which is a great performance, comparing to previous studies.Researchers then pushed the test even ___35___ by providing not two but 10 options（e.g. one correct and ninewrong）to the computer. In this situation, the computer correctly identified the song in 74% of the decisions.In the future, studies on brain decoding and machine learning will create possibilities of communication___36___ any kind of written or spoken language.“Machines will be able to translate our musical thoughts intosongs,”says Sebastian Hoefle, researcher from D’Or Institute and PhD student from Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The study is a result of a ___37___ between Brazilian researchers and colleagues from Germany,Finland and India.According to Hoefle, brain decoding researches provide ___38___ to understand neural functioning andinteract with it using artificial intelligence. In the future, he experts to find answers for ___39___ like“whatmusical characteristics make some people love a song while others don’t? Is our brain ___40___ to prefer aspecific kind of music?”Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fillin each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Having a clear picture in mind of what their future will look like can motivate students to keep going despitethe challenges of college life. This ___41___ seems to be particularly effective for female students from relativelylow socioeconomic status（SES）backgrounds says Mesmin Destin of Northwestern University in the US. Collegeis a time of great opportunity for some, but can be ___42___ for others. It is often the first time that many studentsare away from the regular and familiar support of their family and friends. Weak students from lower SES backgrounds often encounter greater financial and psychological challenges than others, and this can lead to___43___ and even withdrawal from difficult situations, such as when interacting with their lecturers or takingtests and exams.Destin and his colleagues wanted to understand if students’ ___44___ to academic challenges improve w they look forward to the future. This idea is built around the theory of identity-based motivation. It holds thatpeople can take positive action during times of unfavorable conditions when they ___45___ a successful future forthemselves.“The theory of identity-based motivation proposes that stimulating a focus on a successful future identity maybe especially ___46___ in motivating students who are weak during challenging academic situations to develop asense of action readiness,”explains Destin. This involves feeling ready and able to take appropriate action when___47___ difficulty.In two almost identical laboratory experiments—one involving 93 female students, the other 185 students（including 101 women）-- participants were first asked either to write about their past or their future ___48___.After their deep thoughts, the participants were filmed during an limited interview with a so-called lecturer, andthen had to ___49___ a difficult academic test. The research team noted whether participants’ b bold and confident, and measu red the amount of effort participants’ ___50___ the academic test.The results were in agreement with the theory of identity – based motivation. Destin and his team found thathaving a successful future identity can prevent especially female students from lower SES backgrounds from___51___ during challenging academic situations. Specially, lower SES women who wrote about their futureidentities displayed greater action ___52___ compared to those who considered their past. They showed moreconfident body language. It helped them to make more effort to tackle the test, and had an indirect effect on their___53___.“Simulating imagined successful future identities appears to provide a ___54___ pathway to enable weakstudents to effectively navigate everyday stressors,”says Destin.“The findings ___55___ suggest that certainstudents may benefit from strategies that remind them to image their successful futures before any difficult andimportant task that they might otherwise be likely to avoid.”41. A. instruction B. strategy C. challenge D. psychology42. A. disgraceful B. shameful C. harmful D. stressful43. A. hesitation B. intention C. depression D. decision44. A. willingness B. options C. responses D. applications45. A. destroy B. imagine C. abandon D. substitute46. A. powerful B. upright C. unique D. ambitious47. A. avoiding B. overcoming C. surrendering D. encountering48. A. experience B. suffering C. success D. failure49. A. design B. complete C. comment D. revise50. A. put away B. put on C. put out D. put into51. A. withdrawing B. transforming C. advancing D. engaging52. A. quantity B. dullness C. readiness D. inability53. A. fascination B. ignorance C. dilemma D. performance54. A. tolerable B. potential C. straight D. academic55. A. therefore B. however C. otherwise D. meanwhileSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best accordingto the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）I believe in getting lost. Lost in the text of the novel that is particular to your thoughts and feelings that youconsider special. The song that reminds you of your childhood summers, where you close your eyes and lose yourself reliving a memory; feeling the warm wind brushing against your arm, the smell of the dusty sand that youstir up as you ride your bicycle, murmuring the tune of that song. Like the unprepared Sunday Drive, with no destination. You’re free to wander, take paths that you’ve never noticed, discover places you haven falling off on the path to lead you back home, leaving you to test directions and alertly absorb your surroundingsin order to find your way back; that kind of lost.in thought, or the unplanned drive I just decided to go on. Getting lost is anI get lost daily, whether it’sadventurous learning experience that trains you how to be more aware of your surroundings. A few of my mostfavorite memories involve physically getting lost. That one late night trip back to Ludington from Grand Rapids Itook with a few friends. We finally realized we were going the wrong way when we hit South Haven, almost threehours out of our way. There was also the time where I got lost in the De V os Place in Grand Rapids after the President’s Ball and then the parking garage for a solid two hours. I felt li ke my life was that one scene of an American television situation comedy, minus the air conditioner. At the time, these are nervous experiences thatget your anxiety pumping. You’re fearful that you won’t be safe, but it always works itself out in the end. Physically losing yourself prepares you for how you manage when you emotionally or mentally lose yourself.“get lost”and some of the time, losing yourself may not be You don’t always have to be lost in a literal sense toa positive experience. There are times where I lose sight of who I am. While lost, I test our metaphorical paths and sometimes they turn out to be the right direction and other times they were a wrong turn. I make note of thesewrong turns, so I can avoid them further on up the road of finding my way back to who I am.In Walden, Henry David Thoreau wrote“Not till we are lost, in other words not till we have lost the world, dowe begin to find ourselves, and realize where we are and the infinite extent of our relations.”Getting lost fuels my curiosity and teaches me lessons on finding my way back to the right track. I believe in getting lost through daydreams, a misplacement, adventures, and difficult times where you make discoveries about yourself and the atmosphere around you. In order to truly find yourself, I believe that you should put down the map and getwonderfully lost.56. In the first paragraph, the author mainly expresses that ______.A. lost in a novel is a special feelingB. songs remind us of past experiencesC. wandering is a wonderful discoveryD. getting lost brings us benefits57. The author mentions the experiences of physically getting lost（in paragraph 2）in order to say _______.A. physically getting lost is most difficult to deal withB. we can enjoy trips while physically getting lostC. people are easy to get physically lost in our daily lifeD. we realize our surroundings while physically getting lost58. Words from Henry David Thoreau（in the last paragraph）imply that getting lost ______.A. enables us to look within and to see outwardB. pulls people back into the previous momentC. enables us to remind ourselves of adventuresD. helps us enjoy ourselves wherever we are59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. I Once Was LostB. Wonderfully LostC. Physically Getting LostD. Mentally Getting Lost（B）Two in three Americans shower once a day or more, according to a YouGov poll. Here’s why you m better off showering less frequently（and here are other ways you might be showering wrong）60. What’s the whole passage mainly about?A. Reasons you can probably get away with showering less.B. Advice you can take on how to shower more and better.C. Harmful effects made on you through showering less.D. Benefits you can get from showering on a daily basis.61. This passage provides us with the following further detailed information Except ___.A. the best time of day to showerB. the proper temperature for your showerC. the other ways you shower wrongD. the other ways to cut your water bill62. Which of the following is Not a reason why you should shower less?A. Showering gets rid of good bacteria.B. You’re absolutely as dirty as you think.C. Towel drying causes damage to your skin.D. You only really need to wash your smelly parts.（C）Social norms of right and wrong are vital to a well-functioning society. However, such moral standards are changeable and the psychological mechanisms（机制）driving this change are unknown. Now, researchers at Karolinska Institutet report that our view of selfish and unselfish behaviors changes depending on how commonthey are.The results are based on a combination of behavioral experiments, mathematical models and computer-called“public goods simulations. In the experiments, t he participants first observed other people’s behavior in a so game,”in which players receive a sum of money and then choose either to invest it to varying degrees so that it benefits everyone in the group, or to keep it for themselves. After every round, the participants were asked to judge the different choices as morally right or wrong, and whether the choices ought to be punished with areduction in how much the players gained.Unselfish behavior was considered more morally right than selfish, but both behaviors were judged to be moremoral and less deserving of punishment if the majority exhibited them than if they were uncommon. Thewillingness to themselves pay to punish commonness of the selfish behavior also affected the participants’　selfishness.“Tolerance of selfish behavior increased when the majority of the players kept the money for themselves, which surprised me,”says principal investigator Andreas Olsson, senior lecturer at Karolinska Institutet’s Department of Clinical Neuroscience.“The fact that a behavior is common doesn’t automatically mean that it right – this idea is based on faulty logic that confuses facts with moral values.”The study shows our view of what is morally right and wrong has strong similarities with social comformity,in that we tend to adapt ourselves to the people around us and how they behave. This means that changes in oursocial environment can quickly alter our moral compass.“This is interesting from several angles, and could explain why moral attitudes change over time, such as those towards public goods or legality,”says Bjorn Lindstrom, postdoc at University of Zurich and Karolinska Institutet’s Department of Clinical Neuroscience.ple accept selfish behavior, they actually _____.63. According to Andreas Olsson’s analysis, if peoA. get facts and moral values mixed upB. misunderstand social mechanismsC. follow the logic of their ownD. consider it correct and reasonable64. It can be concluded that the participants in the experiments are punished if ______.“public goods game”A. they can’t playB. invest the money to benefit group membersC. they behave differently from the majorityD. they keep the money for themselves65. According to the passage, what is morally right or wrong is shaped by the following Except ___.A. the way people around us behaveB. changes in our social environmentC. personal standards of values and attitudesD. how widespread a particular behavior is66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The psychological mechanisms behind attitude changeB. Behavior is considered more moral the more common it isC. Our view of selfish and unselfish behaviorsD. Moral standards of selfish and unselfish behaviorsSection CDirections：Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentences can only be usedonce. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.A. They thus focused on two elements that are typical for contemporary work environments.B. The researchers used online questionnaires to obtain data.C. The notion that obtaining external feedback about one’s idea is essential for increasingcreativity is deeply rooted in society.D. The most important in that: when an organization stimulates feedback seeking, it needs toensure that this work environment is excellent enough to use the benefits of feedback.E. The question, however, is whether these beneficial effects always occur.F. The creative achievements were assessed by their direct managers.Seeking feedback not always sufficient for stimulating creativityIt is widely believed that seeking feedback from colleagues, managers, friends and family enhances employees’ creativity. But is this always the case? No, a positive effect depends on the work, environment. This isthe conclusion of new joint research study led by UvA work and organizational psychologist Roy Sijbom.___67___ For example, managers are encouraged to engage customers in order to confirm whether theirbusiness model is workable and scholars attend conferences to obtain feedback on their research results. A definite assumption is that individuals who have obtained feedback will also actually（be able to）use it.“The idea is simple: seeking feedback from different sources –also known as feedback source variety –”，says Sijbom.“And the more diversebenefits one’s creativity since it leads to a greater diversity of viewpointsthe viewpoints, the more it benefits one’s creativity because by combing all the different viewpoint s new perspectives will emerge that in turn will result in more creativity. ___68___”The researchers examined how specific characteristics of the immediate work environment influence the relationship between feedback source variety and creative performance. ___69___ One is the recognized rate ofchange of performance standards. The other is the extent to which employees feel they have sufficient time todevelop creative ideas at work（experienced creative time pressure）.“We discovered a growing relationshipbetween the search for input from a variety of feedback sources and creativity, but only when performance standards within an organization are changing and when a relatively low creative time pressure is experienced”，says Sijbom.Sijbom offers several recommendations.“___70___ In a more concrete sense, organizations can, for example,consider using feedback workshops in which employees are encouraged to reflect on diverse feedback and equipped with techniques and strategies on how to absorb feedback in their daily work. In addition, managersshould not only stimulate their employees to actively cultivate relationships with potential feedback sourceswithin and outside the organization, but also provide sufficient time to process the feedback obtained from these relationships.”Ⅳ. Summary Writing71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in nomore than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Screen-addicted teens are unhappyA new study explored the link between adolescent life satisfaction and screen time. Researchers found thatteens who spent more time in front of screen devices – playing computer games, using social media, texting andvideo chatting –were less happy than those who invested more time in non-screen activities like sports, readingnewspapers and magazines, and face-to-face social interaction.Total screen avoidance doesn’t lead to happiness either. The greater unhappiness among those with no screen exposure could be due to several factors, Twenge, the leading researcher said.“It could be that they are left out ofthe social scene of high school, that it’s very difficult to carry on friendships in high school these days without texting at all or being on social media.”It is also possible that those kids are outliers, Twenge said –teens withspecial needs or in special education, or those whose screens have been taken away from them by parents.The key to digital media use and happiness is limited use. The happiest teens used digital media a little lessthan an hour per day. But after a daily hour of screen time, unhappiness rises steadily along with increasing screentime, the researchers report in the journal Emotion.“Make effort to spend no more than two hours a day on digital media, and try to increase the amount of timeyou spend seeing friends face-to-face and exercising—two activities reliably linked to greater happiness.”Twengesaid.“By far the largest change in teen’s lives between 2012 and 2016 was the increase in the amount of time theyspent on digital media, and the following decline in in-person social activities and sleep,”the leading researcher said.“The arrival of the smartphone is the most reasonable explanation for the sudden decrease in teens’　psychological well-being.”Ⅴ. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 我对这场比赛的结果抱乐观态度。

2018学年宝山区高三二模卷

2018学年宝山区高三二模卷一、填空题1、已知i 为虚数单位，则集合{}Z n i x x A n∈==;中元素的个数为_____________2、圆22266x y x y +-+=的半径r =__________3、过点()2,4A -，且开口向左的抛物线的标准方程是___________4、设z C ∈，且22z i z -=+，其中i 为虚数单位，则z =_____________ 5、在()()5311x x-+的展开式中，3x 的系数为___________（结果用数值表示）6、在平面直角坐标系xOy 中，已知点()2,1P ，若(),Q x y 为平面区域221x y x y +≥⎧⎪≤⎨⎪≤⎩上一个动点，则OP OQ 的取值范围是_____________7、将半径为1和2的两个铅球，熔成一个大铅球，那么这个大铅球的表面积是____________ 8、方程sec 01x =的解集为__________9、如图，扇形OAB 的半径为1，圆心角为2π，若P 为弧AB 上异于,A B 的点，且PQ OB ⊥交OB 于点Q ，当POQ ∆时，POQ ∠的大小范围为_________10. 一个口袋中装有9个大小形状完全相同的球，球的编号分别为…,1,2,9，随机摸出两个球，则两个球的编号之和大于9的概率是_____（结果用分数表示）. 11．已知无穷等比数列…123,,,a a a 各项和为92,且2=2a -,若49||102n S --<,则n 的最小值为_____.12.在线段12A A 的两端点各置一个光源，已知光源12,A A 的发光强度之比为1:2，则线段上光照度最小的一点到12,A A 的距离之比为_____（光学定律：P 点的光照度与P 到光源的距离的平方成反比，与光源的发光强度成正比。

）二、选择题13.用数学归纳法证明21211n n nn ->++对任意的,(,)n k n k N ≥∈自然数都成立,则k 的最小值为（）A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 414.设121212(,),(,),(,)A a a B b b C c c 点均非原点，则“OC 能表示成OA 和OB 的线性组合”是“方程组111222a xb yc a x b y c +=⎧⎨+=⎩有唯一解”的（）A ．充分不必要条件 B.必要不充分条件 C.充要条件 D.既不充分也不必要条件15.已知双曲线22221(0)x y a b a b-=>>的右焦点为(,0)F c ，直线()y k x c =-与双曲线的右支有两个交点，则（）A.||b k a >B.||b k a <C.||c k a >D.||c k a< 16.设向量(,,0),(,,1)u a b v c d ==，其中22221a b c d +=+=，则下列判断错误的是（）A.向量v 与z 轴正方向的夹角为定值（与,c d 之值无关）B.u v ⋅C.u 与v 夹角的最大值为34πD.ad bc -的最大值为1三、解答题 17、（本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）如图，已知点P 在圆柱1OO 的底面圆O 上，0120AOP ∠=，圆O 的直径4AB =，圆柱的高13OO =.（1）求圆柱的表面积和三棱锥1A APB -的体积；（2）求点A 到平面1A PO 的距离.18、（本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）．已知()21cos cos 2f x x x x =-+. （1）若0,2x π⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦，求()f x 的取值范围；（2）设ABC ∆的三边分别是,,a b c ，周长为1，若()12f B =-，求ABC ∆面积的最大值. 19、（本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）．对年利率为r 的连续复利，要在x 年后达到本利和A ，则现在投资值为rxB Ae-=，e 是自然对数的底数；如果项目P 的投资年利率为6%r =的连续复利.（1）现在投资5万元，写出满n 年的本利和，并求满10年的本利和；（精确到0.1万元）（2）一个家庭为刚出生的孩子设立创业基金，若每年初一次性给项目P 投资2万元，那么，至少满多少年基金共有本利和超过一百万元？（精确到1年）. 20．（本题满分16分，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分6分）已知椭圆222:19x y bΓ+=的左右焦点为12,F F ，M 是椭圆上半部分的动点，连接M 和长轴的左右两个端点所得两直线交y 正半轴于AB ，两点（点A 在B 的上方或重合）．（1）当12M F F ∆面积12MF F S ∆最大时，求椭圆的方程；（2）当b =若B 是线段OA 的中点，求直线MA 的方程；（3）当1b =时，在x 轴上是否存在点P 使得PM PA ⋅为定值，若存在，求P 点的坐标，若不存在，说明理由．21．（本满分18分，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分8分）已知函数(),()f x g x 的在数集D 上都有定义，对于任意的12,x x D ∈，当12x x <时121212()()()()f x f x g x g x x x -≤≤-或122112()()()()f x f x g x g x x x -≤≤-成立，则称()g x 是数集D 上()f x 的限制函数．（1）求1()f x x=-在(0,)D =+∞上的限制函数()g x 的解析式；（2）证明：如果()g x 在区间1D D ⊆上恒为正值，则()f x 在1D 上是增函数；[注：如果()g x 在区间1D D ⊆上恒为负值，则()f x 在区间1D 上是减函数，此结论无需证明，可以直接应用]（3）利用（2）的结论，求函数2()f x x =-[0,)D =+∞上的单调区间．答案解析1. 【答案】4【解析】{}1234,,,,,1,,1nA x x i n Z x i i i i x i i ==∈⇒=⇒=--（4个一周期）共4个元素.2. 【答案】4【解析】写出圆的标准方程：22222266(1)(3)4x y x y x y +-+=⇒-++= 3. 【答案】28y x =-【解析】设抛物线为22,0y px p =->，代入点()2,4A -，则28y x =-4. 【答案】2 【解析】22222222(2)22111iz i i i z z i z z z i i i+-++=⇒-=+⇒=⇒===+--- 5. 【答案】9-【解析】观察法，3x 可以是()51x -中3x 项和后面的式中1相乘，也可以是()51x -中常数项和3x 相乘，()()5332351110x C x x -⇒-=-；()()50055111x C x -⇒-=所以系数为9-6. 【答案】[]3,5【解析】数形结合，画出平面区域，则()()2,1,2OP OQ x y x y ==+，令2x y z += 则即求z 的取值范围，2y x z =-+，线性规划得到分别在点()1,1和()2,1P 取到最值，为[]3,57. 【答案】13123π【解析】根据体积不变，得大铅球半径为R ==，则表面积1234123S R ππ==8. 【答案】,3xx k k Z ππ⎧⎫=-+∈⎨⎬⎩⎭【解析】：sec 0sec sin 01x x x =⇒+=，则tan ,3x xx k k Z ππ⎧⎫==-+∈⎨⎬⎩⎭9. 【答案】,63ππθ⎛⎫∈⎪⎝⎭ 【解析】()111sin 11cos sin sin 22248S OP OQ θθθθ===>，则,63ππθ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭10. 【答案】95 【解析】()2912342205369P C +++===11. 【答案】10【解析】题意可得122191299402a q q q a a q ⎧=⎪-⇒--=⎨⎪==-⎩则1241,33q q ==-（舍去前者）16a =则44416(1())99913||101010122231()3nn n S -----⎫⎛-<⇒-<⇒< ⎪⎝⎭--,得到n 最小为1012. 【答案】【解析】法一：设12,PA x PA y ==，且1x y +=，322122()x y x yλ+++=3321x x x λλ⎫⎛+++ ⎪⎝⎭3322223y y y λλλ⎫⎛++≥+⎪⎝⎭取等号时，1,x y λ== 法二：设12,PA x PA y ==，则由加权柯西不等式可得232212()(1x y xy ⎫⎛++≥+⎪⎝⎭，等号取到当且仅当221/2/x y x y=13. 【答案】C【解析】试探法得到3k ≥，选择C 14. 【答案】B【解析】OC 能表示成OA 和OB 的线性组合说明情况一：向量不共线，则1221a b a b ≠，情况二：可以是三者都共线，也能够表示；方程组有唯一解即是1221a b a b ≠，故选择B 15. 【答案】A【解析】数形结合，与右支要有两个交点，说明斜率绝对值要大于渐近线斜率，选择A 16. 【答案】B【解析】法一：数形结合，画出一个圆柱体，令,OA u OB v ==，B 点在圆柱体的上底面，A 点在下底面圆周上动，选项A ，0,0,1cos 11v v θ===正确；选项B ，求出OB在OA 上的投影最大时，u v ⋅取到最大值，21OA OB OA ==，故B 错误；C 选项，轴截面时，取到34π； D 选项，因为22221a b c d +=+=，则()(),,,A a b B c d 是单位圆上两点，所以2AOB ad bc ad bc S ∆-≤-=，数形结合可知，11122AOB S OA OB ad bc ∆≤=⇒-≤法二：选项A 正确，0,0,1cos 11v v θ===夹角为0；选项B ，错误（柯西不等式）()()()222221u v ac bd a bcd ac bd ⋅=+≤++⇒+≤选项C 正确解法同选项B ；选项D 正确解法同选项B17. 【答案】（1）（2）32. 【解析】（1）底面半径=2r ，圆柱表面积：2222422320S r rh πππππ=+=⋅+⋅⋅=，AB 为直径，则090APB ∠=，Rt APB ∆中，0012060AOP ABP ∠=⇒∠=12APBSAP BP ⇒=⋅=则1113A APB APBV S AA -=⋅=（2）方法一：连接1AO ，在1Rt AOA 中，1AO =1Rt A AP 中，1AP AP =在1POA 中，由余弦定理可得：1cos 13AOP ∠==-则1sin AOP ∠=1112sin 2A OPSAOP =⋅∠=11A AOP A A OP V V --=可得：11113332AOP A OP S AA S h h ⋅=⋅⇒=，即点A 到平面1A PO 的距离为32.方法二：可以O 为坐标原点，AB 垂直平分线为x 轴，AB 为y 轴，1OO 为z 轴建立空间直角坐标系，则()()10,2,3,3,1,0OA OP =-=设平面1A PO 的一个法向量为(),,,n a b c =则有：1230000b c n OA b n OP ⎧-+=⎧⋅=⎪⎪⇒⎨+=⎪⋅=⎪⎩⎩；取()33,3,2.b n =⇒=-则有11cos AA n AA n θ⋅=⋅⋅，其中1AA 在n 上的投影长度，即点A 到平面1A PO 的距离为(10,0,332AA nd n⋅===.18. 【答案】（1）1,12⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦；（23. 【解析】（1）()1cos 212sin 2226x f x x x π+⎛⎫=-+=- ⎪⎝⎭, 则50,2,2666x x ππππ⎡⎤⎛⎫⎡⎤∈⇒-∈- ⎪⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎝⎭⎣⎦()1,12f x ⎡⎤⇒∈-⎢⎥⎣⎦. （2）()112sin 2,2623f B B B ππ⎛⎫=-⇒-=-⇒= ⎪⎝⎭由余弦定理：222222cos 2a c b Ba cb ac ac+-=⇒+-=-，又有11a b c b a c ++=⇒=--，代入可得：()222112210a c aca c ac a c ac ++=--⇒+=+≥-≥127sin 32ac S ac B ⇒≤-⇒=≤，即ABC ∆面积的最大值为3-.19. 【答案】（1）9.1万元；（2）至少满23年基金共有本利和超过一百万元. 【解析】（1）由题意：6%6%55nn AeA e -=⇒=⋅；当10n =时，本利和为6%100.6559.1A ee ⋅=⋅=⋅≈（万元）；（2）由题意：2B =；设n 年后共有本利和超过一百万元，则n 年后：第一年年初的投资所得的为：6%12nA e=⋅；第二年年初的投资所得的为：()6%-122n A e=⋅；以此类推：第n 年年初的投资所得的为：6%2n A e =⋅；则满n 年后，基金共有本利和：()()6%6%16%6%126%122221nn nn eA A A eeee --+++=⋅+⋅++⋅=⋅-；由题意：()6%6%6%6%6%150502100log 122.71ne e e n n e e -⎛⎫-⋅⋅>⇒>-⇒> ⎪-⎝⎭；故至少满23年基金共有本利和超过一百万元.20. 【答案】（1）221992x y +=；（2）2360x y -+=；（3）存在0()1,3P -，定值为109PM PA ⋅=.【解析】（1）12221212211||||2222MF F M F F b c a S y b bc F F ∆+=⋅⋅≤⋅⋅=≤=，当且仅当b c =时等号成立；则：222922a b c ===，此时椭圆方程为：221992x y +=；（2）点M 在y 轴或其左侧，则图形如本题图，设00(,)M x y ，那么：00:(3)3MA y l y x x =++，00:(3)3MB y l y x x =--，令0y =得：0000330,,0,33y y A B x x ⎛⎫⎛⎫- ⎪ ⎪+-⎝⎭⎝⎭；B 是线段OA 的中点，则：000033233y y x x -=⋅+-，解得：01x =-，则4(1,)3M -，则：2:(3)3MA l y x =+，即：2360x y -+=；（3）22:19x y Γ+=，设(,0)P m ，00(,)M x y若同（2）点M 在y 轴左侧，则0030,3y A x ⎛⎫ ⎪+⎝⎭，00003(,),(,)3y PM x m y PA m x =-=-+2200000000(3(3)(3)11))()133(33y x x m x m m x m m x m x PM P x A +---+=--+⋅=-+⋅=++++，使其与0x 取值无关，则13m =-，109PM PA ⋅=；综上，故存在点0()1,3P -使得PM PA ⋅为定值.21．【答案】（1）21()g x x=；（2）见解析；（3）单调减区间：2310,2⎡⎤⎛⎫⎢⎥ ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎣⎦，单调增区间：231,2⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪+∞ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭. 【解析】（1）任取120x x <<，121212121211()()1f x f x x x x x x x x x -+-==--；由于任意性： 222121111x x x x ≤≤；故构造21()g x x =；由幂函数性质得()g x 在(0,)D =+∞单调递减，且易得：122122212121()()111()()f x f x g x g x x x x x x x -=≤=≤=-，满足题意，故：21()g x x =；（2）任取121x x D <∈，由题意：12()0()0g x g x >⎧⎨>⎩，又有121212()()()()f x f x g x g x x x -≤≤-或122112()()()()f x f x g x g x x x -≤≤-成立，则121x x D <∈时，1212()()0f x f x x x ->-恒成立，即()f x 在1D 上是增函数；（3）任取12x x D <∈，12121212()()f x f x x x x x -==+-，构造()2g x x =以下证明()2g x x =任取12[0,)x x<∈+∞，121212112()()()()0f x f xg x x x x xx x--=-=-> -，122121212()()()0f x f xg x x x x xx x--=-=-+< -，故：121212()()()()f x f xg x g xx x-≤≤-，得证；由（2）得：()f x递减，则需()20g x x=<，解得：2312x⎛⎫<< ⎪⎝⎭，即单调减区间为2310,2⎡⎤⎛⎫⎢⎥⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎣⎦；()f x递增，则需()20g x x=>，解得：2312x⎛⎫> ⎪⎝⎭，即单调增区间为231,2⎛⎫⎛⎫⎪+∞⎪⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭.。

宝山区2018学年第二学期期中高三年级英语学科教学质量监测试卷答案及听力文字

宝山区高三英语参考答案及听力录音文字（2019.4.2）参考答案：1-10 ADDAB CDADB 11-20 BDDAC DCADC17.to 22. because 23. were made 24. how 25. to help26. informed 27. more interesting 28. that 29. something 30. developing 31. D 32. F 33. A 34. K 35. I 36. C 37. H 38. B 39. E 40. J41-55 DBACA BDCAB DCBDA56-59 ADAB 60-62 ADB 63-66 DACC 67-70 BDCF71. It is about how small businesses keep their employees happy. First, employees should berespected so that they can feel they’re important in a company. Second, flexible schedules are welcomed by employees, making them feel relaxed and produce better. Besides, good benefits offerings are motivators for employees, which can meet their individual needs respectively.a tough job for everyone.72.“Love your neighbour” is73.Natural disasters like earthquakes affect certain areas more than others.74.If your presentation is well-planned and passionately given, it's sure to inspire the audience.75.To make faster connections available for all types of wireless system, 5G connections will usemillimeter wave frequencies.录音文字：Section A1. W: I thought the department store was open late from Tuesday through Friday night.M: No, just Thursdays and Fridays.Q: On what nights is the store open late? (A)2. M: Are you going to your Aunt's house for Easter Day again this year?W: Probably not. My brother wants us to go to his house, so I think that's what we'll do.Q: Whose house is the woman probably going to go for Easter Day? (D)3. M: You know the computer company is coming to our campus to recruit graduate students nextweek.W: Really? What day? I'd like to talk to them and hand in my resume.O: What does the woman want to do? (D)4. W: Catherine told us on the phone not to worry about her. Her left leg doesn't hurt as much as itdid yesterday.M: She'd better have it examined by a doctor anyway. I will call her about it right now.Q: What does the man think Catherine should do? (A)5. M: Can I borrow your physics textbook? I lost mine on the bus.W: You've asked the right person. I happen to have an extra copy.Q: What does the woman mean? (B)6. M: Mr. Brown asked me to tell you that he's sorry he can't come to meet you in person. He'sreally too busy to make the trip.W: That's okay. I'm glad you've come in his place.Q: What do we learn from the conversation? (C)7. M: Let's go to the movie after class.W: Well, I'll go if you want to, but I'm a little tired.Q: What does the woman mean? (D)8. M: I need to talk to someone who knows a lot about Hangzhou. Someone said you lived there.W: Oh, but I was really young at that time.Q: What does the woman imply? (A)9. M: I ran into our friend Mark yesterday on the street, and he said he hadn't heard from you fortwo months.W: Yes, I know. But I've been too busy to phone him.Q: What can be inferred from the conversation? (D)10. M: I had a hard time getting through this novel.W: I share your feeling. Who can remember the names of 35 different characters?Q: What does the woman imply? (B)Section BQuestions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.The old saying is often heard in our daily life: "Never judge a book by its cover."This is agood rule to follow when trying to judge the intelligence of others. Some people have minds that shine only in certain situations. A young person with an unusual gift in writing may find himself speechless in the presence of a pretty girl. When he speaks, he may not be able to find the right words. But don't make the mistake of thinking his stupid. With a pen and paper, he can express himself better than anybody.Other people may fool you into overestimating their intelligence by putting up a good front.A student who listens attentively and takes notes in class is sure to make a favorable impression on his teachers. But when it comes to exams, he may score near the bottom of the class.It all boils down to this: you can't judge someone by appearance. The only way to determinea person's intelligence is to get to know him. Then you can see how he reacts to different situations. The more situations you see, the better your judgment is likely to be. So take your time. Don't judge a book by its cover.Questions:11. According to this passage, what will be inferred about a student who listens attentively andtake notes in class? (B)12. How does the passage suggest we should judge a person's intelligence?(D)13. What does the writer want to tell us? (D)Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.You don't need millions to be happy. In fact, a couple of hundred dollars may be enough atThe Happiness Institute in Australia. The institute opened its doors last year, and, since then men and women of all ages have been paying for lessons on how to feel great.Experts say that only about 15 per cent of happiness comes from income and other financial factors. As much as 85 per cent comes from things such as attitude, life control and relationships. Most of us are significantly wealthier financially than our parents, but happiness levels haven't changed to reflect that.Studies show that once the basic needs of shelter and food are met, additional wealth adds very little to happiness. Part of the reason we are richer but not happier is because we compare ourselves to people better off materially. So if you want to be happy there's a very simple thingyou can do: Compare yourself to people who are less wealthy than you -poorer, with a smaller house and car.The Happiness Institute aims to show you how to overcome these unhappiness factors byfocusing on "more than just your bank account." Don't compare yourself to Bill Gates, but compare yourself to Kerry Packer, Australia's richest person who has had a kidney and heart transplant in recent years.Questions:14. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? (A)15. What is the simple way to overcome unhappiness? (C)16. What is the main idea of the passage? (D)Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.John: Hey, Annie. How was traffic this morning?Annie: Traffic was really terrible today, John.John: Why? Did something in particular happen?Annie: The car in front of me wanted to turn left. But the driver didn't use his turn signal and stopped suddenly in the intersection. He almost caused an accident!John: I'm glad there was no accident.Annie: Me, too. People need to use some polite manners when they drive.John: What do you mean?Annie: For starters, people should use their turn signals properly. That helps others know what you plan to do.John: I don't know. Using turn signals doesn't seem like a big deal to me. Drivers can pay attention to what's happening on the road and respond accordingly.Annie: Showing respect for other drivers doesn't take much effort. For example, allowing someone to cut in front of you can make a big difference during the morning commute. John: Allowing other cars to cut in front of you slows you down.Annie: Not really. Everyone is sharing the same road. So we need to be mindful of other vehicles. John: You're one to talk. You ride an electric bicycle. Electric bicycles are always speeding past me and squeezing in between larger vehicles to pass them.Annie: That can be dangerous, but it can also be dangerous for electric bicycles to be stuck on the road between cars or buses. Following others too close is a serious problem.John: Following others too closely hitting is only an issue if people are not paying attention while driving or have bad brakes.Annie: I don't know about that. I feel nervous when a car is really close behind me. The driver could easily put some space between our vehicles.John: If you're that worried about driving etiquette, maybe you should just take the bus more often.Annie: Or maybe I should get a new job as a traffic officer！Questions:18.Why did Annie think traffic was terrible this morning?19.What is John's opinion of using turn signals while driving?20.What is John's response when Annie recommended him to share the road with others?21.What does John suggest Annie should do in the end?。

2018届高三英语二模汇编--六选四

2018届高三英语二模汇编——六选四1、2018黄浦二模Directions:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.The sensors on a fully self -driving car require special care.B.Orduña wouldn’t reveal exactly how they’re washing the vehicles.C.The most advanced cars on the planet require an old-fashioned handwashing.D.Meanwhile, some companies, such as Cruise, are building sensor cleaning equipment into their vehicles.E.There are a range of problems with putting a self-driving vehicle through a traditional car wash, experts say.F. A self-driving vehicle’s external needs to be cleaned even more frequently than a typical car because thesensors must remain free of obstacles.For Self-driving Cars, Car Washes are a NightmareCar washes have been automated for decades, but companies developing fully self-driving vehicles must rely on a human touch to keep their cars and trucks in working condition.__67__ For example, soap remainder or water spots could effectively “blind” a self-driving car. A traditional car wash’s heavy brushes could jar the vehicle’s sensors, disturbing their standardization and accuracy. Even worse, sensors, which can cost over $100,000, could be broken. __68__ Dirt, dead bugs, bird droppings or water spots can impact the vehicle’s ability to drive safely.Avis, which has years of experience managing rental cars, has been tasked with cleaning and refueling the self-driving vans of Waymo, the self-driving arm of Google’s parent company. Avis chief innovation officer Arthur Orduña told CNN, “There are special processes that definitely require a lot more care and focus, and you have to clean the vans quite often.”__69__ But other self-driving car companies such as Toyota, Aptiv, Drive, AI and Uber described to CNN that they use microfiber (微纤维) cloths along with rubbing alcohol, water or glass cleaner for manual cleanings.__70__ This should ease some need for manual cleaning. But because self-driving vehicles can have dozens of sensors, Seeva CEO Diane Lansinger doesn’t imagine products like this will be able to clean every camera, radar or LIDAR, a laser sensor that most experts see as essential for self-driving vehicles.答案：67-70 EFBD2、2018普陀二模A. In daily life, imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously hold poor role models.B. Creative people have an endless resource of ideas.C. It is how to use imagination creatively that troubles us.D. Why follow someone else’s way of cooking when I could create my own?E. But if you begin to enter this field, imitation proves useful.F. If you are going to follow someone, focus on their talent, not their bad character or unacceptablebehaviors.Blind imitation is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their unique worth, imitation appears attractive; to those who know their strength, imitation is unacceptable.In the early stages of skill or character development, imitation is helpful. When I first learned to cook, I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes. But soon I grew bored. ______67______Imitating role models is like using training whe els on a child’s bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them.______68______ If, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others.In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen. But when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. ______69______Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them. ______70______ The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination.Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not serve you. Then you can say, “I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors’ tragedies and declare victory, and know that they are cheering me on.”答案：67-70 D A F B3、2018徐汇二模A.Research shows that co-rumination is a double-edged sword.B.In that way, a problem shared can really be a problem halved.C.Girls are more likely than boys to co-ruminate with their close friends.D.Indeed, having close friends to trust may protect you against poor mental health.E.This human tendency to work things out in one’s mind, is common.F.How you co-ruminate matters too.People discuss their pro blems with friends in the hope that they’ll gain some insight into how to solve them. And even if they don’t find a way to solve their problems, it feels good to let off some steam.(67)_______________ How problems are discussed, though, can be the difference between halving a problem or doubling it.The term psychologists use for negative problem sharing is “co-rumination”. Co-rumination is the mutual encouragement to discuss problems repeatedly going over the same problems, anticipating future problems and focusing on negative feelings.(68)________________ In a study involving children aged seven to 15 years of age, researchers found thatco-rumination in both boys and girls is associated with “high-quality” and close friendships. However, in girls, it was also associated with anxiety and depression (the same association was not found with the boys). And studies suggest that co-rumination isn’t just a problem for girls. Co-rumination with work colleagues can increase the risk of stress and burn out, one study suggests.(69)________________ In a group of adults, the effects of co-rumination was compared between face-to-face contact, telephone contact, texting and social media. The positive effects of co-rumination were found in face-to-face contact, telephone contact and texting, but not in social media. The negative aspects of co-rumination (anxiety) was found in face-to-face communication and telephone contact, but not texting or social media. Verbal forms of communication seem to enhance both the positive and negative aspects of co-rumination more than non-verbal communication.Discussing problems with friends doesn’t always have to lead to worsening mental health, as long as the discussion involves finding solutions and the person with the problem acts on those solutions. Then, relationships can be positive and beneficial to both parties. (70)________________答案：67-70 DAFB4、2018杨浦二模A. We could see increased tensions and conflict as a result of pressure on scarce resources.B. The report shows that with proper efforts the number of climate migrants could be reduceddramatically, from 140 million to 40 million by 2050.C. Some measures that could help helpless people adapt to climate change were on the agenda.D. However, it noted that cities must take the time to plan for the possibility for a flood of people.E. Countries that are becoming more restrictive on migration are those who are largely responsible forglobal warming.F. It found that unless urgent action is taken, the regions will likely have to deal with tens of millions ofso-called climate migrants.A new report by the World Bank shows that the effects of climate change could force 140 million people to move within their countries by 2050.The report looked at three developing regions of the world—sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and Latin America. __________67__________Climate migrants are people who are forced to move within their country because of water scarcity, crop failure, rising sea levels and storm surges due to climate change.__________68__________ It is important to help people make good decisions about whether to stay where they are or move to new locations where they are less vulnerable.The report noted that the effects of climate change will often force people to move from rural areas suffering from droughts or crop failures to cities where there are different opportunities. __________69__________“Without the right planning and support, people migrating from rural areas into cities could be facing new and even more dangerous risks,” said Kanta Kumari Rigaud, the report’s team lead. “__________70__________” Rigaud added.The report recommends key actions to help prevent wide-scale climate migration: cutting global greenhouse gas emissions; improving development planning at the local level for climate migration; and investing in data to better understand climate migration trends in each country.The report notes that any rise in climate migration willbe in addition to millions of other migrants within countries, moving for economic, social, political or other reasons.答案：67-70 F B D A5、2018崇明二模A.Age really should be treated as just a number.B.Felt age might play a role in more than just how you feel.C.Feeling young is about maintaining vitality as you get older.D.Self-felt age has the potential to change, so interventions (干预) may be possible.E.And other studies suggest that there could be more benefits to thinking yourself younger,besides a longer life.F.People who feel younger than the number of years they have on the clock get more pleasurethan people who feel their age.Feel Young at Heart and You’ll Enjoy a Longer LifeAge-liars and birthday-deniers... you’d best learn a thing or two from those who are young at heart. People who feel younger than their actual age may live longer than those who feel older than they truly are, a new study says.67 Results from the study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, suggest that people who feel a year or more older than they truly are could have around 41 percent greater risk for death.Researchers looked at nearly 6,500 older adults, with an average age of 65.8 for the study. Around 70 percent of them felt younger than they were, about a quarter felt their precise age and just under 5 percent felt a year or more older than they were, when asked “How old do you feel you are?”Those who felt older than they were had a higher death rate after a follow-up period of 99 months. While just 14.3 and 18.5 percent of people who felt younger or felt their age, respectively, died during those 99 months, 24.6 percent of those who felt aged beyond their years had died.The authors say more research is needed on the topic, but suggest it could be that those who feel “young at heart” have healthier behaviors and a stronger will to live. “ 68 Individuals who feel older could be targeted with health messages promoting positive health behaviors and attitudes toward aging,” the authors write in the study.The good news is that you can change your feeling of how young you are. 69 One recent study found that helping participants have positive feelings toward age, by showing them positive word associations, helped older adults improve in physical tasks like balancing and getting up out of a chair, in as little as four weeks. Another study found that negative feeling of aging and poor memory can make older adults feel up to five years older, regardless of their actual mental abilities.There you have it. 70答案：67. B 68. D 69. E 70. A6、2018长宁二模A.Some experts think that the wealth gained from trade allowed for such leisure in sports and the arts.B. Experts believe that a king and mostly a female priest ruled the government and controlled trade.C. In ancient Greek myths, Minoan society was quite prosperous and highly civilized.D. The palace that Evans unearthed a century ago was the first proof of Minoan culture.E. Minoan culture didn’t exist before Arthur Evans discovered the palace under the earth.F.Although not yet decoded, written script on clay tablets appears to list trade accounts.The Minoans: A Forgotten PeopleThe first advanced culture in ancient Greece was the Minoan culture. For thousands of years, knowledge of these people survived only in Greek myths. In the late 19th century, archaeologists began to unearth ruins. This inspired Arthur Evans to begin digging on the island of Crete near mainland Greece. On a dig in Kbossos, Evans found an ancient palace. Experts think that it was the palace of King Minos, acentral figure in many Greek myths.67 With his team, he uncovered a vast structure, varied works of art, and many hieroglyphic records. These finds, together with later finds, comprise all that experts know about Minoan culture.From the evidence experts gathered, it is clear that the Minoans were ahead of their time.The palace at Knossos was five floors high with hundreds of rooms. Buildings throughout the ancient city had plumbing and flush toilets. Stone pavement lined the surfaces of the roads. In addition, the Minoans possessed a highly developed naval fleet for long-distance trade. 68 These records confirm the central role of commerce in culture.Their analysis of the evidence also offers insight into some aspects of Minoan society.69 Ruins and artwork suggest that people of all classes enjoyed a high degree of social and gender equality. Religious icons(图符) show that Minoans worshiped bulls, the natural world, and many female gods.An unusual feature of Minoans culture was the pursuit of leisure interests. Sport and visual arts were central to Minoan life. Boxing and bull jumping, a sport in which players jumped over live bulls, were popular. Although bull jumping may have served some ritual purpose, experts believe that it was done mostly for fun. Similarly, although some works of art showed political and religious themes, other works served only as pleasant décor(装饰品). 70The Minoans met their demise after a series of natural disasters. Experts believe that group from the Greek mainland capitalized on these events and looked over the island.答案：67—70 DFBA7、2018松江（闵行）二模A. The rhythm of life is a slight beat.B. Experts say every aspect of human bodies is influenced by daily rhythms.C. Jenny Hope claims to have tested her body clocks to the limit.D. This is a key reason why shift work can cause so many problems.E. Many people study the state of their biorhythms before making their daily plans.F. Such a dangerous combination never gave their bodies’ natural rhythms a chance to settledown.Rhythm of LifeChoosing the right time to sleep, the correct moment to make decisions, the best hour to eat—and even go into hospital—could be your key to perfect health.Centuries after man discovered the rhythms of the planets and the cycles of crops, scientists have learned that we too live by precise rhythms that govern everything from our basic bodily functions to mental skills. Man is a prisoner of time.But it’s not just the experts who are switching on to the way our bodies work. 67Prince Charles consults a chart which tells him when he will be at his peak on a physical, emotional and intellectual level. Boxer Frank Bruno is another who charts his biorhythms to plan for big fights.68 Sleep, blood pressure, hormone levels and heartbeat all follow their own clocks, which may bear only slight relation to our manmade 24hour cycle.Research shows that in laboratory experiments when social signals and, most importantly, light indicators such as dawn are taken away, people lose touch with the 24hour clock and sleeping patterns change. Temperature and heartbeat cycles lengthen and settle into “days” lasting about 25 hours.In the real world, light and dark keep adjusting internal clock to the 24hour day. But the best indicator of performance is body temperature. As it falls from a 10 p.m. high of 37.2°C to a predawn low of 36.1°C, mental functions fall too. 69The most famous example is the nuclear accident at Three Mile Island in the US. The three operators in the control room worked alternating weeks of day, evening and night shifts.70 Investigators believe this caused the workers to overlook a warning light and fail to close an open valve.Finding the secret of what makes us tick has long fascinated scientists and work done over the last decade has yielded important clues. The aim is to help us become more efficient. For example, the time we eat may be important if we want to maximize intellectual or sporting performance. There is already evidence suggesting that the time when medicine is given to patients affects how well it works.答案：67-70 EBDF8、2018宝山二模A.They thus focused on two elements that are typical for contemporary work environments.B.The researchers used online questionnaires to obtain data.C.The notion that obtaining external feedback about one's ideas is essential for increasingcreativity is deeply rooted in society.D.The most important is that when an organization stimulates feedback seeking, it needs toensure that the work environment is excellent enough to use the benefits of feedback.E.The question, however, is whether these beneficial effects always occur.F. The creative achievements were assessed by their direct managers.Seeking feedback not always sufficient for stimulating creativity It is widely believed that seeking feedback from colleagues, managers, friends and family enhances employees' creativity. But is this always the case? No, a positive effect depends on the work environment. This isthe conclusion of new joint research study led by UvA work and organizational psychologist Roy Sijbom.(67)________For example, managers are encouraged to engage customers in order to confirm whether their business model is workable and scholars attend conferences to obtain feedback on their research results. A definite assumption is that individuals who have obtained feedback will also actually (be able to) use it.“The idea is simple: seeking feedback from different sources - also known as feedback source variety -- benefits one's creativity since it leads to a greater diversity of viewpoints”, says Sijbom. “And the more diverse the viewpoints, the more it benefits one's creativity because by combining all the different viewpoints new perspectives will emerge that in turn will result in more creativity. (68)________ ”The researchers examined how specific characteristics of the immediate work environment influence the relationship between feedback source variety and creative performance. (69)________ One is the recognized rate of change of performance standards. The other is the extent to which employees feel they have sufficient time to develop creative ideas at work (experienced creative time pressure). “We discovered a growing relationship between the search for input from a variety of feedback sources and creativity, but only when performance standards within an organization are changing and when a re latively low creative time pressure is experienced”, says Sijbom.Sijbom offers several recommendations: “(70)________In a more concrete sense, organizations can, for example, consider using feedback workshops in which employees are encouraged to reflect on diverse feedback and equipped with techniques and strategies on how to absorb feedback in their daily work. In addition, managers should not only stimulate their employees to actively cultivate relationships with potential feedback sources within and outside the organization, but also provide sufficient time to process the feedback obtained from these relationships.”答案：67--70 CEAD9、2018奉贤二模A. For OpenClassrooms, the company will certainly make profits as a technology provider.B. And it can explain why more and more people tend to apply for online courses.C. It’s the exact same degree that you would get at IESA, except that you won’t see any teachers.D.That’s why every week, you will get to video chat with a teacher.E. For OpenClassrooms, the company will surely enjoy a reputation for its technology.F. OpenClassrooms lets you work and study at the same time, and pay a lot less.You won’t have any excuse to skip class anymore. French startup OpenClassrooms is offering the first State-recognized bachelor degree in France that uses only MOOCs (massive open online courses). The startup partnered with IESA Multimédia to create this program.There are three learning paths in engineering, design and marketing. Students will have to complete all the courses and required projects in order to get their degree. 67 IESA is already working on 40 different MOOCs for this program.On average, it will take a year of hard work in order to complete all the classes. As always, it’s hard to keep going when you sign up for a MOOC. 68This kind of degree has many key advantages. For IESA, it gives the school more students. IESA is a privateschool, and its end goal is to make as much money as possible. So with these new MOOC students, IESA will be able to get more money per teacher on average.69 The startup already offers a course for €20 per month, but you need to pay €300 per month for the Premium Plus offering to use the state-recognized program. It’s unclear how much OpenClassrooms will keep, but it should be more than €20 per month.For students, it’s a cheaper way to get a degree. Maybe you can’t afford to study for three years at IESA and pay €6,950 per year. 70 Sure, it’s probably a less enjoyable experience than going to your school and spending time with other students and teachers, but it makes sense for some students.It’s an interesting new direction for OpenClassrooms, and I can’t wait to see whether other schools will start working with the startup to provide online courses. It will be interesting to see whether the first students are satisfied with this kind of degree as well.答案：67-70 C D A F10、2018嘉定二模题目与长宁区相同11、2018浦东二模A. Being simple might be another reason.B. It was the only affordable way to play them.C. We should have admiration for this old technology.D. The current trend for old games shows no sign of slowing.E. Newer consoles and their games are incredibly expensive.F. So it seems like it’s not ‘game over’ for old-school technology.Retro GamingThere’s no doubt that in today’s digital world, computer games are extremely sophisticated and capable of creating virtual reality experiences that were unimaginable only a few years ago. So I am interested to see that the simplistic games that I grew up with, are making a revival. But Why?In the 1970s, the original place to play a computer game was at an arcade. Here, you and your mates could try out the new big names in games such as Space Invaders and Pacman. _____67_____ And because of the technology involved, the gaming machines were too big to fit into your house.But in the 1980s and 90s, gaming arrived in our homes and people like me were addicted. The sound of beeping became a familiar sound emanating from bedrooms across the land! Names such as Tetris, Sonic and Street Fighter became popular language in the playground -- and now they are being talked about -- and played again. One of the reasons is the low cost. The BBC spoke to gamer, Gemma Wood, who says that: _____68_____ I understand that a lot of hard work has gone into the design etc., but how can anyone justify £50 to £60 for a game that you might not even enjoy?_____69_____ The graphics on old games may not compare with the detail and definition of modern gamesbut they are fun and easy to use by children and adults alike. And of course, nostalgia plays its part. Some people want to relive their childhood while for others, it is a chance to show their children the computer games they grew up with.Technology journalist, KG Orphanides, says “it's important to recognize how well-designed many of those classic games are... the developers had so little space to work with -- your average Sega Mega Drive or SNES cartridge had a maximum capacity of just 4mb -- and limited graphics and sound capabilities.” This compares to an average capacity of 40G in today's games. _____70_____This craze for using retro hardware and grabbing an old joystick is certainly catching on. And to persuade those of us who are not sure about downgrading the gaming experience, manufacturers such as Nintendo, are bringing back some of their older consoles in new style casing.答案：67-70 B E A C12、2018静安二模A. The appropriate feeding and caring styles were greatly rewarded in all aspects.B. It was claimed that simply feeding and changing them would be adequate.C. Some, however, demonstrate little influence with roughly ordinary behavior pattern.a> D. Maternal attachment plays a fundamental role in shaping who we are.b> E. Necessities are not just the availability of food and water.c> F. And they simply didn’t grow like normal infants.early maltreatment can derail a child’s development requires careful study.In a famous research, Harry Harlow had demonstrated that proper psychological and physical development of infants requires nurturing and attention from a parent. ___67___ In that research, socially isolated monkey babies that were removed from their mothers were found to be clinging to a cloth-covered surrogate(替代的) mother for comfort.Such experimentations sound cruel. They, however, have been critical in helping change policies in human orphanages( 孤儿院) in the U.S. For centuries some orphanages treated infants equally inhumanely. Despite early evidence that orphanage infants were far more likely to die than others, supporters argued that it didn’t matter whether children had “parents” specially devoted to them at the orphanage. ___68___ Orphans were supposed to be in positive mental and physical health until adoptive parents were found. Babies, they said, couldn’t remember anyway.The harrowing consequences of these theories were most vividly brought to light in Romania in the 1980s and ‘90s. A ban on abortion（流产) led to a surge in orphanage babies. Simply being fed and changed without individualized affection, some babies present serious problems. Many developed violent behaviors, repetitively rocking or banging their heads. Some were cold and withdrawn or indiscriminately affectionate. ___69___ Their head sizes were especially small. They even had problems with attention and comprehension. The longer these children were left alone, the more damage was seen.The lack of a secure attachment relationship in the early years has destructive consequences for both physical and mental health later in life, with long-lasting effects. The persistence of these effects emphasizes the need to intervene early in life. The Nobel-prize-winning economist James Heckman, has long argued that investing in early childhood education provides a greater return for society than virtually any other type of spending. It is obviously reflected in increased educational success and productivity,. The reduced crime, addiction, distressand disorder point to the same theory. Early life conditions critically affect adult life. ___70___ Remove it and the harm is great.答案：67-70 EBFD13、2018青浦二模A. I truly express my respect for Shan and his team for their contributions.B. With regard to cultural heritage restoration, Shan said the museum opened a restoration hospital atthe end of 2016.C. A total of 600 people from all walks of life, including over 100 foreign guests, participated in theactivity.D. I will learn more about Chinese culture from the magnificent ancient objects.E. Our design teams often study consumer demands and create cultural items that are nice to look atand practical to use.F. Traditional craftsmanship is combined with modern methods, and the lives of ancient culturalobjects will be lengthened by the so-called doctors.Make traditional treasures come aliveThe Palace Museum Director Shan Jixiang delivered a cultural heritage speech on Feb 27 in Beijing, which was co-organized by the Beijing Diplomatic Service Bureau and Beijing Housing Service Corporation for Diplomatic Missions. 67On the theme The World of the Palace Museum and the Palace Museum of the World, the 64-year-old director shared his ideas about how to make traditional treasures come alive again. During the speech, which lasted two and a half hours, Shan touched on topics including upgrading museum infrastructure（基础设施）, restoring cultural sites, digitalizing online museums, setting up restoration hospitals, providing better visitor experiences and promoting the Palace Museum’s cultural items.“The abundant collection of cultural objects at the Palace Museum is the inspiration for the creative souvenirs and cultural items available,” Shan said. “ 68 ” Throughout 2017, the total sales of Palace Museum’s cultural items have been more than 1 billion yuan ($158million). Explaining the huge success of Palace Museum’s cultural souvenirs, Shan said: “The museum opened a shop on the e-commerce website Taobao in 2008, but sales remained neither high nor low for years, as more than 80 percent of the souvenirs sold in stores in the past were not related to our museum.” “Therefore, I wanted to change the situation. Now, souvenirs from the Palace Museum cover almost every aspect of life. After all, what matters to a museum is not how many visitors they have, but how close they are to people’s daily lives.”69 Around 200 “doctors” are employed to analyze, examine, detect flaws or damage in ancient objects and restore them using more than 100 pieces of specialized equipment, including 3-D printers and scanners. The restoration hospital covers 13,000 square meters and boasts the nation’s most advanced restoration workshops.John Aquilina, Malta’s ambassador to China said that Shan’s speech showed a totally different Palace Museum to foreign people. “China enjoys a long and profound culture and many of the national treasures have been preserved at the Palace Museum. It is no easy task to preserve them well. 70 ”。

2018届上海市各区高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编--六选四--学生版(已经校对)

Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Ways to Be More EfficientNot all tasks of the day are inspiring, fun or exciting. But you still have to wash those dishes and take care of those routine tasks at work or in school. So what can you do not to get lost in procrastination (拖延) ?I’ll share how I do it, how I get some motivation and find more pleasure in what may seem to be a boring task.Instead of focusing your mind on how boring a task may feel, focus your thoughts on why you are doing this and how good it will feel when you are done with it. If needed, sit down for a few minutes, close your eyes and see in your mind. Then go to work with that motivation and those positive feelings in your body.Do it attentively. 67 Focus 100% on just the work with all your senses—how it feels, looks and smells—as you are scr ubbing it and nothing else. Don’t get lost in daydreams. If you are just there, I have found that even such a simple task becomes more enjoyable and something that can bring inner calm rather than distress.Make a deal with yourself and set a timer for 10 minutes. It is often easier to do tasks like these in small bursts. So make a deal with yourself to just spend 10 minutes on your reading or cleaning the house. 68 When the timer rings you can continue doing it if you feel like it (this often happens to me because getting started is the hard part) . Or you can stop and go do something more interesting instead.Create a pleasurable distraction. If possible, try to listen to the radio, your favorite songs, an audio book or watch a movie or TV episode while doing your boring task. 69 I often listen to music or watch an episode of the Simpsons while doing the dishes or other routine work at home.70 Take a walk in the sun. Move on to a more fun or creative task at work or in school. Have a tasty treat. This habit can make it easier to get started and to keep going each day. Because you know that you can look forward to not just being done and the long-term payoff from that but also your immediate reward right after you are finished.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Car washes have been automated for decades, but companies developing fully autonomous vehicles must rely on a human touch to keep their cars and trucks in working condition.____67_______For example, soap residue or water spots could effectively "blind" an autonomous car. A traditional car wash's heavy brushes could jar the vehicle's sensors, disrupting their calibration and accuracy. Even worse, sensors, which can cost over $100,000, could be broken. ____68________ Dirt, dead bugs, bird droppings or water spots can impact the vehicle'sability to drive safely.Avis, which has years of experience managing large fleets of rental cars, has been tasked with cleaning and refueling the self-driving van fleet of Waymo, the self-driving arm of Google's parent company. Avis modified three of its branches in the Phoenix area to tend to the Chrysler Pacifica vans."There are special processes that definitely require a lot more care and focus, and you have to clean [the vans] quite often,"______69__________But other self-driving car companies such as Toyota, Aptiv, Drive.AI and Uber described to CNN that they use microfiber cloths along with rubbing alcohol, water or glass cleaner for manual cleanings.____70_______This should alleviate some need for manual cleaning.But because autonomous vehicles can have dozens of sensors, Seeva CEO Diane Lansinger doesn't imagine products like this will be able to clean every camera, radar or LIDAR, a laser sensor that most experts see as essential for self-driving vehicles.Section CDirections：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Retro GamingThere’s no doubt that in today’s digital world, computer games are extremely sophisticated and capable of creating virtual reality experiences that were unimaginable only a few years ago. So I am interested to see that the simplistic games that I grew up with, are making a revival. ButWhy?In the 1970s, the original place to play a computer game was at an arcade. Here, you and your mates could try out the new big names in games such as Space Invaders and Pacman.67 And because of the technology involved, the gaming machines were too big to fit into your house.But in the 1980s and 90s, gaming arrived in our homes and people like me were addicted. The sound of beeping became a familiar sound emanating from bedrooms across the land! Names such as Tetris, Sonic and Street Fighter became popular language in the playground – and now they are being talked about – and played – again. One of the reasons is the low cost. The BBC spoke to gamer, Gemma Wood, who says that: 68 I understand that a lot of hard work has gone into the design etc., but how can anyone justify £50 to £60 for a game that you might not even enjoy?69 The graphics on old games may not compare with the detail and definition of modern games but they are fun and easy to use by children and adults alike. And of course, nostalgia plays its part. Some people want to relive their childhood while for others, it is a chance to show their children the computer games they grew up with.Technology journalist, KG Orphanides, says "it's important to recognize how well-designed many of those classic games are... the developers had so little space to work with – your average Sega Mega Drive or SNES cartridge had a maximum capacity of just 4mb–and limited graphics and sound capabilities. This compares to an average capacity of 40G in today's games. 70 ___ This craze for using retro hardware and grabbing an old joystick is certainly catching on. And to persuade those of us who are not sure about downgrading the gaming experience, manufacturers such as Nintendo, are bringing back some of their older consoles in new style casing.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Minoans: A Forgotten PeopleThe first advanced culture in ancient Greece was the Minoan culture. For thousands of years, knowledge of these people survived only in Greek myths. In the late 19 h century, archaeologists began to unearth ruins. This inspired Arthur Evans to begin digging on the island of Crete near mainland Greece. On a dig in Kbossos, Evans found an ancient palace Experts think that it was the palace of King Minos, acentral figure in many Greek myths.67 With his team, he uncovered a vast structure, varied works of art, and many hieroglyphic records. These finds, together with later finds, comprise all that experts know about Minoan culture.From the evidence experts gathered, it is clear that the Minoans were ahead of their time. The palace at Knossos was five floors high with hundreds of rooms. Buildings throughout the ancient city had plumbing and flush toilets. Stone pavement lined the surfaces of the roads. In addition, the Minoans possessed a highly developed naval fleet for long-distance trade. 68 These records confirm the central role of commerce in culture.Their analysis of the evidence also offers insight into some aspects of Minoan society.69 Ruins and artwork suggest that people of all classes enjoyed a high degree of social and gender equality. Religious icons(图符)show that Minoans worshiped bulls, the natural world, and many female gods.An unusual feature of Minoans culture was the pursuit of leisure interests. Sport and visual arts were central to Minoan life. Boxing and bull jumping, a sport in which players jumped over live bulls, were popular. Although bull jumping may have served some ritual purpose, experts believe that it was done mostly for fun. Similarly, although some works of art showed political and religious themes, other works served only as pleasant decor(装饰品). 70 .The Minoans met their demise after a series of natural disasters. Experts believe that group from the Greek mainland capitalized on these events and looked over the island.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.People discuss their problems with friends in the hope that they’ll gain some insight into how to solve them. And even if they don’t find a way to solve their problems, it feels good to let off some steam. (67)_______________ How problems are discussed, though, can be the difference between halving a problem or doubling it.The term psychologists use for negative problem sharing is “co-rumination”. Co-rumination is the mutual encouragement to discuss problems repeatedly going over the same problems, anticipating future problems and focusing on negative feelings.(68)________________ In a study involving children aged seven to 15 years of age, researchers found that co-rumination in both boys and girls is associated with “high-quality” and close friendships. However, in girls, it was also associated with anxiety and depression (the same association was not found with the boys). And studies suggest that co-rumination isn’t just a problem for girls. Co-rumination with work colleagues can increase the risk of stress and burn out, one study suggests.(69)________________ In a group of adults, the effects of co-rumination was compared between face-to-face contact, telephone contact, texting and social media. The positive effects of co-rumination were found in face-to-face contact, telephone contact and texting, but not in socialmedia. The negative aspects of co-rumination (anxiety) was found in face-to-face communication and telephone contact, but not texting or social media. Verbal forms of communication seem to enhance both the positive and negative aspects of co-rumination more than non-verbal communication.Discussing problems with friends doesn’t always have to lead to worsening mental health, as long as the discussion involves finding solutions and the person with the problem acts on those solutions. Then, relationships can be positive and beneficial to both parties.(70)________________Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Rhythm of LifeChoosing the right time to sleep, the correct moment to make decisions, the best hour to eat-and even go into hospital—could be your key to perfect health.Centuries after man discovered the rhythms of the planets and the cycles of crops, scientists have learned that we too live by precise rhythms that govern everything from our basic bodily functions to mental skills. Man is a prisoner of time.But it's not just the experts who are switching on to the way our bodies work. 67 Prince Charles consults a chart which tells him when he will be at his peak on a physical, emotional and intellectual level. Boxer Frank Bruno is another who charts his bio-rhythms to plan for big fights.68 Sleep, blood pressure, hormone levels and heartbeat all follow their own clocks, which may bear only slight relation to our man-made 24-hour cycle.Research shows that in laboratory experiments when social signals and, most importantly, light indicators such as dawn are taken away, people lose touch with the 24-hour clock and sleeping patterns change. Temperature and heartbeat cycles lengthen and settle into "days" lasting about 25 hours.In the real world, light and dark keep adjusting internal clock to the 24-hour day. But the best indicator of performance is body temperature. As it falls from a 10 p.m. high of 37.2℃to a pre-dawn low of 36.1℃, mental functions fall too. 69 .The most famous example is the nuclear accident at Three Mile Island in the US. The three operators in the control room worked alternating weeks of day, evening and night shifts.70 . Investigators believe this caused the workers to overlook a warming light and fail to close an open valve.Finding the secret of what makes us tick has long fascinated scientists and work done over the last decade has yielded important clues. The aim is to help us become more efficient. For example, the time we eat may be important if we want to maximize intellectual or sporting performance. There is already evidence suggesting that the time when medicine is given to patients affects how well it works.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.You won't have any excuse to skip class anymore. French startup Open Classrooms is offering the first state-recognized bachelor degree in France that uses only MOOCs(massive openonline courses). The startup partnered with IESA Multimedia to create this program.There are three learning paths in engineering, design and marketing Students will have to complete all the courses and required projects in order to get their degree. 67 IESA is already working on 40 different MOOCS for this program.On average, it will take a year of hard work in order to complete all the classes. As always, it's hard to keep going when you sign up for a MOOC. 68 .This kind of degree has many key advantages. For IESA, it gives the school more students. IESA is a private school, and its end goal is to make as much money as possible. So with these new Mooc students, IESA will be able to get more money per teacher on average.69 The startup already offers a course for e20 per month, but you need to pay E300 per month for the Premium Plus offering to use the state-recognized program. it's unclear how much Open Classrooms will keep, but it should be more than €20 per month.For students, it's a cheaper way to get a degree. Maybe you can't afford to study for three years at IESA and pay €6,950 per year.70 Sure, it's probably a less enjoyable experience than going to your school and spending time with other students and teachers, but it makes sense for some students.It's an interesting new direction for Open Classrooms, and I can't wait to see whether other schools will start working with the startup to provide online courses. It will be interesting to see whether the first students are satisfied with this kind of degree as well.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Most people don’t need science to appreciate the importance of a mother’s love. But to understand how early maltreatment can derail a child’s development requires careful study.In a famous research, Harry Harlow had demonstrated that proper psychological and physical development of infants requires nurturing and attention from a parent. 67 In that research, socially isolated monkey babies that were removed from their mothers were found to prefer clinging to a cloth-covered surrogate(替代的) mother for comfort.Such experimentation sounds cruel, They, however, have been critical in helping change policies in human orphanages(孤儿院) in the U.S. For centuries some orphanages treated infants equally inhumanely. Despite early evidence that orphanage infants were far more likely to die than others, supporters argued that it didn’t matter whether children had “parents” specially devoted to them at the orphanage, 68 Orphans were supposed to be in positive mental and physical health until adoptive parents were found. Babies, they said, couldn’t remember anyway.The harrowing consequences of these theories were most vividly brought to light in Romania in the 1980s and ’90s. A ban on abortion led to a surge in orphanage babies, simply being fed and changed without individualized affection, some babies present serious problems. Many developed violent behaviors, repetitively rocking or banging their heads. Some were cold and withdrawn or indiscriminately affectionate. 69 Their head sizes were especially small. they even had problems with attention and comprehension. The longer these children were left alone, the more damage was seen.The lack of a secure attachment relationship in the early years has detrimental consequences for both physical and mental health later in life, with long-lasting effects that vary by sex. The persistence of these effects emphasizes the need to intervene early in life. the Nobel-prize-winning economist James Heckman, has long argued that investing in early childhood education provides a greater return for society than virtually any other type of spending, It is obviously reflected in increased educational success and productivity. They reduced crime, addiction, distress and disorder point to the same theory. Early life conditions critically affect adult health. 70 . Remove it and the harm is great.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Feel Young at Heart and You’ll Enjoy a Long er LifeAge-liars and birthday-deniers, you’d best learn a thing or two from those who are young at heart. People who feel younger than their actual age may live longer than those who feel older than they truly are, a new study says._ _ 67 Results from the study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, suggest that people who feel a year or more older than they truly are could have around 41 percent greater risk for death.Researchers looked at nearly 6,500 older adults, with an average age of 65.8 for they study. Around 70 percent of them felt younger than they were, about a quarter felt their precise age and just under 5 percent felt a year or more older they were, when asked “How old do you feel you are?”Those who felt older than they were had a higher death rate after a follow-up period of 99 months. While just 14.3 and 18.5 percent of people who felt younger or felt their age, respectively, died during those 99 months, 24.6 percent of those who felt aged beyond their years had died.The authors say more research is needed on the topic, but suggest it could be that those who feel “young at heart” have healthier behaviors and a stronger will to live. “ 68 Individuals who feel older could be targeted with health message promoting positive health behaviors and attitudes toward aging,” the authors write in the study.The good news is that you can change your feeling of how young you are. 69 Onerecent study found that helping participants have positive feelings toward age, by showing them positive word associations, helped older adults improve in physical tasks like balancing and getting up out of a chair, in as little as four weeks. Another study found that negative feeling of aging and poor memory can make older adults feel up to five years older, regardless of their actual mental abilities.There you have it. 70 .Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Blind imitation is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their unique worth, imitation appears attractive; to those who know their strength, imitation is unacceptable.In the early stages of skill or character development imitation is helpful. When I first learned to cook. I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes. But soon I grew bored. ____67______ Imitating role models is like using training wheels on a child’s bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them.___68_____If, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others.In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen.But when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. _____69_____.Blessed is the person willing to at on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them.____70_____The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination.Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not serve you. Then you can say, “I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors’ tragedies and declare victory, and know that they are cheering me on.”Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.No one enjoys the moment. You are stuck at the back of a queue and as those in other lines move ahead and get served, the time to decide arrives. ____67____.This question has now been solved by researchers at Harvard Business School. According to what they have found in a new study, they suggest people think twice before switching queues.The research was led by Ryan Buell, an expert in service management. He looked into consumer queuing behavior after working with economists on what is known as “last-place aversion,” the discomfor t people feel when they know they earn less than others or consider themselves at the bottom of the social pile for some other reason. As a result of this aversion to being the last, when a person finds himself at the end of a queue, he can make decisions that he will later regret.Buell began by observing people at a multi-checkout grocery store and then set up an online survey. People who took part in the survey were told it would take about five minutes. In reality, it took only one minute, but when participants logged in for the survey, they were forced to wait in a virtual queue displayed on the screen. They started at the back and could wait, switch to a second queue or choose to leave.____68____ On average, however, those who switched waited 10 percent longer than if they had stayed put. Those who switched twice ended up waiting 67 percent longer than if they had never moved.“When we join a queue, we tend to make the most rational choice we can, which means joining the shortest queue. ____69____ Unfo rtunately, we can often get it wrong,” said Buell.____70____ After that, the aversion fades. The researcher suggests people have a chat with the person in front so that they can pass the time more comfortably until someone else joins behind them. “Remembe r that the person in front of you was the last until you arrived, so someone will show up if you hang around long enough,” Buell said.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Minoans: A Forgotten PeopleThe first advanced culture in ancient Greece was the Minoan culture. For thousands of years, knowledge of these people survived only in Greek myths. In the late 19th century, archaeologists began to unearth ruins. This inspired Arthur Evans to begin digging on the island of Crete near mainland Greece. On a dig in Kbossos, Evans found an ancient palace. Experts think that it was the palace of King Minos, a central figure in many Greek myths.____67____ With his team, he uncovered a vast structure, varied works of art, and many hieroglyphic records, These finds, together with later finds, comprise all that experts know about Minoan culture.From the evidence experts gathered, it is clear that the Minoans were ahead of their time. The palace at Knossos was five floors high with hundreds of rooms. Buildings throughout the ancient city had plumbing and flush toilets. Stone pavement lined the surfaces of the roads. In addition, the Minoans possessed a highly developed naval fleet for long-distance trade. ____68_____ These records confirm the central role of commerce in culture.Expert analysis of the evidence also offers insight into some aspects of Minoan society. ____69____ Ruins and artwork suggest that people of all classes enjoyed a high degree of social and gender equality. Religious icons show that Minoans worshiped bulls, the natural world, and many female gods.An unusual feature of Minoans culture was the pursuit of leisure interests. Sport and visual arts were central to Minoan life. Boxing and bull jumping, a sport in which players jumped over live bulls, were popular. Although bull jumping may have served some ritual purpose, experts believe that it was done mostly for fun. Similarly, although some works of art showed political and religious themes, other works served only as pleasant décor(装饰品). ____70_____.The Minoans met their demise after a series of natural disasters. Experts believe that group from the Greek mainland capitalized on these events and looked over the island.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A new report by the World Bank shows that the effects of climate change could force 140 million people to move within their countries by 2050.The report looked at three developing regions of the world-sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and Latin America. 67 .Climate migrants are people who are forced to move within their country because of water scarcity, crop failure, rising sea levels and storm surges due to climate change.68 It is important to help people make good decisions about whether to stay where they are or move to new locations where they are less vulnerable.The report noted that the effects of climate change will often force people to move from rural areas suffering from droughts or crop failures to cities where there are different opportunities. ___ 69_ ___ “Without the right planning and support, people migrating from rural areas into cities could be facing new and even more dangerous risks,” said Kanta Jumari Rigaud, the report’s team lead. “_______70 ” Rigaud added.The report recommends key actions to help prevent wide-scale climate migration: cutting global greenhouse gas emissions; improving development planning at the local level for climate migration; and investing in data to better understand climate migration trends in each country. Thereport notes that any rise in climate migration will be in addition to millions of other migrants within countries, moving for economic, social, political or other reasons.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Make traditiona measures come aliveThe Palace Museum Director Shan Jixiang delivered a cultural heritage speech on Feb 27 in Beijing, which was co-organized by the Beijing Diplomatic Service Bureau and Beijing Housing Service Corporation for Diplomatic Missions. 67On the theme The World of the Palace Museum and the Palace Museum of the World, the 64-year-old director shared his ideas about how to make traditional treasures come alive again. During the speech, which lasted two and a half hours, Shan touched on topics including upgrading museum infrastructure(基础设施), restoring cultural sites, digitalizing online museums, setting up restoration hospitals, providing better visitor experiences and promoting the Palace Museums cultural items."The abundant collection of cultural objects at the Palace Museum is the inspiration for the creative souvenirs and cultural items available," Shan said. " 68 Throughout 2017, the。

宝山区2018学年第二学期期中高三年级英语学科教学质量监测试卷

宝山区2018学年第二学期期中高三年级英语学科教学质量监测试卷（本试卷满分140分，考试时间120分钟）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Thursdays and Fridays. B. Tuesdays and Fridays.C. Tuesdays and Thursdays.D. Tuesdays, Thursdays and Fridays.2. A. Her sister's. B. Her Aunt's.C. Her mother's.D. Her brother's.3. A. Help the company choose graduate students.B. Contact the computer company next week.C. Get a part-time job on campus before graduation.D. Apply for a job in the computer company.4. A. See a doctor as soon as possible. B. Stay in bed for a few days.C. Get treatment in a better hospital.D. Make a phone call to the doctor.5. A. She picked up the book from the bus floor.B. She is able to help the man out.C. She also needs an extra textbook.D. She can find the right person to help the man.6. A. The man is late for the trip because he is busy.B. The woman is glad to meet Mr. Brown in person.C. The man is meeting the woman on behalf of Mr. Brown.D. The woman feels sorry that Mr. Brown is unable to come.7. A. She thinks the man is too tired to go to the movie.B. She really wants to go to the movie.C. She would like to go to the class with the man.D. She does not want to go to the movie.8. A. She doesn't remember much about Hangzhou.B. She has never been to Hangzhou before.C. She knows someone else who could help him.D. She'd be very happy to talk to the man later.9. A. The man saw Mark on the street two months ago.B. The woman had forgotten Mark's phone number.C. The woman made a phone call to Mark yesterday.D. Mark and the woman hadn't been in touch for some time.10. A. She has learned a lot from the novel.B. She also found the plot difficult to follow.C. She has difficulty remembering names.D. She recalled the names of characters in the novel.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. He will be an intelligent student. B. He may not be an intelligent student.C. He will score better in exams.D. He will not be a good student.12. A. Through his teachers. B. Through his deeds in the classroom.C. Through his appearance.D. Through his reaction to different situations.13. A. Not to judge a boy only by his taking notes.B. Not to make the mistake of thinking a young man stupid.C. Not to overestimate a student's intelligence.D. Not to judge a person's intelligence by his appearance.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. You can increase your happiness levels by attending the classes.B. Most of us are happier than our parents since we earn more.C. Earn more than you can if you want to be happy.D. Both Bill Gates and Kerry Packer are rich but unhappy.I5. A. Always think highly of yourself and help others.B. Compare yourself to a famous person.C. Compare yourself to people who are inferior to you.D. Earn more than your bank account.16. A. Happiness is everything.B. Wealth is the foundation of happiness.C. Fun is another form of happiness.D. Money doesn't always mean happiness.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Because there were too many vehicles on the road.B.Because the driver in front of her caused an accident.C.Because she almost got into an accident that morning.D.Because the drivers didn't use polite manners while driving.18. A. He doesn't care much about it.B. He pays special attention to it.C.It's just for inexperienced drivers.D.It's really a big deal to him.19. A. He thought she was mindful of other drivers.B.He became too angry to keep calm for that.C.He really felt very grateful when he heard it.D.He thought she shouldn't have said like that.20. A. Buy a car. B. Change her job.C. Take bus often.D.Learn driving etiquette.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Curiosity is part of human nature. Children are famous for wanting answers (21) ______ tons of questions. People keep reading or watching (22) ______ they want to find out what happens. But curiosity also provides many practical benefits.Learning is easiest if you have a genuine desire for knowledge. Curiosity can create that desire when you have a question.Many of history's greatest discoveries (23) ______ (make) by curious people. People wondered (24) ______ processes worked or how certain tasks could be done more effectively. Thanks to their curiosity, people now know far more about the world and have useful technology (25) ______ (help) them.Even if you don't plan to be an inventor or researcher, curiosity can still help you in the classroom. If you develop the joy of learning, classes will become more fun. And you'll excel because you will be fully engaged in the process of learning. Even if you're no longer a student, curiosity will make you better (26) ______ (inform) and thus a more capable worker.What do you do if you're not already curious? Fortunately, curiosity is a skill that can be improved. If you act like you're curious, you'll quickly start to actually feel curious. Often, the more you learn about a topic the (27) ______ (interesting) it becomes.As you learn about a topic, gather information from as many sources as possible. Read a variety of books, watch or listen to lectures and ask questions. Don't always get your information from the same source. Instead, learn to appreciate facts that different people know and the different opinions (28) ______they express.Ask a lot of questions. Remember, everyone knows (29) ______ that you don't. Find out what that is, and ask about it. This lets you learn something and makes the other person happy by letting them show off their knowledge.In the classroom or out of it, (30) ______ (develop) curiosity is sure to be worthwhile. Section BDirections:After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in theWhen was the last time that you dialed a phone number from memory? It probably depends on how long you've been using 31 like a cellphone. While some generations can recall the days of memorizing phone numbers, it's possible that members of Generation Z have never had toremember a single 32 . Why is this? Because smartphones offer quick and convenient ways for storing and 33 information. There is no need to memorize anything. But this isn't without consequence. As digital devices develop, more and more users' heavy reliance on them may be having disabling effects. "Digital dementia(失智)" is the term being used by medical professionals to identify some of these effects.Some professionals like Jim Kwik, an expert in memory improvement and optimal brain performance, are taking a closer look at this effect. Kwik describes digital dementia like this: "... we're 34 our brains to our smart devices. We're so reliant on our smartphones that our smartphones are making us stupid. As medical studies chart the decline in memory and cognitive skills among smartphone users, a connection is made between symptoms 35 with dementia."The seriousness of overuse becomes 36 when you consider just how young smartphone users are becoming. Author and speaker Simon Sinek points out that young minds "Are not ready for it! Their minds cannot cope with the dopamine (多巴胺). " Consequently, the overstimulation of screens and sounds lead to 37 more often than not. So now parents, teachers and managers are asking how to handle the influx (汇集) of young people with this kind of addiction.●First, monitor your cellphone use. Keep downloading applications like Forest or Checky.Then cut back on any 38 usage. Set a specific goal of how much you think you should use your phone.●Determine 39 areas for cellphone use. For example, while you're at home, only allowyourself to check your phone somewhere like a home office. This way, the time in between tasks isn't 40 filled with staring at your screen.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Serendipity -an unexpected delight -is the word that comes to mind when describing the seven-day hike my wife and I recently did in the wild and undeveloped northwest coast of Galicia, Spain.Simply 41 , anyone who is adventurous, loves traveling to Europe and is fit enough to do 10-mile hikes should seriously consider doing this hike.Before this experience, I had never heard about On Foot Holidays programs that allow hikers to go at their own pace, with maps and detailed hiking 42 , but without a guide or other travelers, while still enjoying a high level of local support.What 43 caught my attention was an announcement about On Foot Holidays' newest hike, the Lighthouse Way, which they described as a journey along"the last 44 coast of Europe." This particular hike sounded both challenging and rewarding enough to 45 a try.On Foot Holidays booked our lodging each night and 46 a taxi to take our baggage to the next destination, so we just had to carry our daypack essentials. Each day we 47 or spoke with the company's local expert who was available 48 emergency, but whose main function was to keep us informed about the daily weather forecast and to make special taxi arrangements when we decided to 49 a couple of 14-mile hikes to less than 10 miles.The 50 of the trails and scenery made every hike a delight. One of our hikes followed a narrow trail along a steep, rocky cliff 51 the steel-blue waters of the Atlantic Ocean that thrash against jagged rocks hundreds of feet below us. We stopped to picnic and watch the only living things we saw that whole day: a herd of goats above us, and a group of dolphins jumping inthe waves below. In the distance, many of the mountain peaks 52 sparkling wind turbines (涡轮机) like candles on a cake.Silence and loneliness were the features of each day's accommodation. The only sounds we heard were birds singing, the wind blowing through trees or the waves breaking against the shoreline. The air was clean and the temperature brisk, with frequent 53 of cloudy, cool, windy and rainy weather interspersed (点缀) with glorious bursts of sunshine.There was remarkably little litter, the exception being spots along the shore where ocean currents 54 mostly fishing items.My wife and I realized that we are pilgrims searching for meaning, awareness and joy on our journey through life, and our Galician hiking 55 had moved us further down that path in ways we won't forget．41.A. lost B. moved C. urged D. put42.A. strings B. instructions C. devices D. materials43.A. initially B. gradually C. smoothly D. firmly44.A. recommended B. developed C. unspoiled D. discovered45.A. warrant B. provide C. imagine D. evaluate46.A. prepared for B. arranged for C. paid for D. turned to47.A. negotiated B. discussed C. contacted D. texted48.A. in addition to B. in need of C. in case of D. in favour of49.A. shorten B. extend C. decrease D. expand50.A. appearance B. variety C. character D. route51.A. displaying B. reflecting C. following D. overlooking52.A. established B. lightened C. sported D. structured53.A. changes B. intervals C. adaptions D. interactions54.A. stretched B. withdrawn C. floated D. deposited55.A. experience B. technique C. investigation D. experimentSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Many people prefer eating out instead of cooking at home. A change appears to be taking place, though, and millennials are leading the way. According to one survey, more young people are starting to cook at home for three basic reasons: They can save money, eat healthy and waste less food.Popular TV chefs are also getting millennials excited about learning some basic cooking skills. Many millennials view cooking as a form of entertainment and self-expression. They proudly post pictures of their cooking creations on Facebook or Instagram, and invite friends over to share the cooking experience.Many millennials have also found ways to avoid wasting food. After roasting a chicken, they put the leftover bones in their freezer instead of the garbage can. Later, they use the bones to make chicken stock which is an important ingredient in many dishes.They also hate throwing out fruit that's too old. To avoid that situation, they bake ripe fruit like berries and bananas for 15 minutes at 175 degrees C. Then they freeze it overnight. After that, they place the fruit in plastic bags and store it in their freezer for later use.Many millennials only eat at restaurants that have excellent food-waste policies. These restaurants use every part of the vegetables they buy, including their stems and roots, in dishes. They also use beef, chicken and pork bones to make their own stock.Millennials also reduce food waste by only buying what they require. Before going to a supermarket, they write down what they need and don't buy anything else. That way they won't purchase more food than they can consume.56.What is the main subject of this article?A. A cooking trend that has attracted millennials.B. A plan that millennials have for donating food.C. A novel cooking technique that millennials like.D. A food production system favored by millennials.57. What do millennials do with fruit before freezing it?A. Mix it with other ingredients in a bowl.B. Carefully remove the skin and seeds from it.C. Use a sharp knife to chop it up into pieces.D. Put it in an oven at the proper temperature.58. According to this article, when do millennials make careful choices?A. When they dine out togetherB. When they vote for candidatesC. When they choose an employerD. When they plant a new garden59. According to this article, how do millennials avoid purchasing too much food?A. They select small cans and packages.B. They prepare a practical shopping list.C. They leave their credit cards at home.D. They weigh produce before buying it.(B)Families should reduce exposure to synthetic chemicals found in food colorings, preservatives and packaging materials as a growing body of research shows they may harm children's health, according to a policy statement and technical report from the American Academy of Pediatrics released online.The statement also suggests improvements to the food additives regulatory system, including updating the scientific foundation of the U.S. Food and Drug Administrations safety assessment program and retesting all previously approved chemicals.Q&A with the lead authorWe asked Leonardo Trasande, Council on Environmental Health member and lead author ofthe policy statement, to tell us more about these concerns.Q: What are the growing number of studies showing us?A: Over the past two decades, an accumulating body of science suggests some food additives can interfere with a child's hormones, growth and development.Potentially harmful effects of food additives are of special concern for children because they are more sensitive to chemical exposures because they eat and drink more, relative to body weight, than adults do and are still growing and developing. An early injury to their organ systems can have lifelong and permanent consequences.Q: What additives does the statement highlight?A: The additives of most concern, based on rising research evidence cited in the report, include:●Bisphenols, such as BPA, used to harden plastic containers and line metal cans, can act likeestrogen (雌激素) in the body which may potentially change the timing of puberty, decrease fertility, increase body fat and affect the nervous and immune systems. BPA is now banned in baby bottles.●Phthalates, which make plastic and vinyl tubes used in industrial food production flexible,may affect male genital development, increase childhood obesity and contribute to cardiovascular disease. In 2017, the Consumer Product Safety Commission banned the use or some phthalates in child-care products such as teething rings.60.According to the American Academy of Pediatrics' report, people should ______ to cope withthe problem of food additives.A.try to avoid food additives in daily life and revise relevant rules on food additivesB.update the food safety assessment program and check the approved chemicals againC.improve the food additives regulatory system and retest all approved chemicalsD.reduce the usage of food additives and establish new food protection system61.Leonardo Trasande holds the view that food additives do more harm to children than adultsbecause study shows ______.A.children are more sensitive to what they eat and drink than adultsB.children usually eat and drink more unhealthy food than adultsC.children are just too young and weak to protect themselvesD.children's organs are easier to be damaged and hard to recover62.How many specific kinds of harmful effect caused by the additives are mentioned in thepassage?A.2.B. 7.C. 8.D. 3.(C)The koala is an unusual creature. Native to Australia and a bitbigger than a rabbit, it spends most of its time in eucalyptus trees(桉树), feeding on leaves that are poisonous to nearly every other animalon the planet.The koala sleeps about 22 hours a day and spends the remainderof its time eating and resting. It might spend 10 minutes a day moving,experts say, usually from one tree to another. It has a soft pad at theend of its spine and extra thick fur on its rear end to make the effort ofsitting more comfortable.Threats and protective measuresThe unique lifestyle of the koala has helped it prosper, but today the cute and iconic creature is facing threats from habitat loss, disease and a changing climate. Koala populations are expected to decline by 50 percent in the next 20 years according to the Australian Museum.To help protect these animals, which bring in an estimated $1.1 billion to Australia each year through koala-related tourism, an international team of researchers has published the first complete genome (基因组) of the koala. Their hope is that the keys to the marsupial's (有袋动物) long-term survival might be planted in its genetic code."The ultimate goal is that we won't have to... rescue them from the edge of extinction, " said Rebecca Johnson of the Australian Museum Research Institute in Sydney, who led the work."Now we have a really good understanding of the koala genome, and we are in a fantastic position to use that knowledge to help us manage them."Early findingsAn elementary analysis of the koala's genome, published in Nature Genetics, has already yielded some interesting findings.For example, the authors found that, compared to other mammals, the koala's DNA includes an expansion in the number of genes that encode for enzymes involved in anti-poison. That allows them to have a diet that depends almost entirely on eucalyptus leaves which are unusually high in poison. However, it also means that koalas metabolize(代谢) medicines like anti-chlamydia antibiotics faster than other animals.The koala genome also revealed why koalas are such famously picky eaters. They are known to consume leaves from just 20 of Australia's 60 known eucalyptus species. And even when they are in one of their preferred trees, koalas take leaf selection very seriously.Information waiting to be discoveredJohnson said that the information encoded in the koala's DNA is already being included in management strategies by conservation groups. However, she said the findings described in the new paper represent the early stages of what can be gleamed from the marsupial's genome."The data is public, and I would love for anyone to start mining it and see what other amazing things they can find, "she said. "Once you have a genome of this quality, the sky's the limit with what you can do with it."63.What can be concluded from the passage?A.The research on the Koala's DNA has prevented its extinction successfully.B.Scientists are trying to rescue Koalas by providing more eucalyptus leaves.C.Koala's extinction is being controlled effectively in Australia.D.Scientists are trying to find a way based on Koala's gene to save them.64.According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A.Koalas can digest poisonous leaves thanks to their gene.B.Koalas are particular about leaves because of their taste.C.Koalas are being extinct just due to human's activities.D.Koalas will move to other continents in order to survive.65."The sky's the limit" in the last sentence most probably means ______.A.The sky is the restrictionB.The sky is too high to reachC.There is no limitD.There is no possibility66.The passage is mainly about ______.A.Koala -a Special Creature in AustraliaB.scientific research on KoalasC.scientific efforts to save the KoalasD.Koala's Characters and PreferenceSection CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.Can just one person make a difference? You bet! In a community every person counts, and getting involved is not difficult. Take stock of your own talents and interests. 67 . Don't wait for someone else to act first. Take the initiative! Once you see what you can accomplish, you'll want to keep going.Here are just a few ways to make a difference in your community. How many more ways can you come up with?Clean up the community. People often throw litter in places where there is already litter. And the problem only becomes worse until someone gets fed up and does something. Could your neighborhood use a cleanup? Neighborhood cleanups are often sponsored by local businesses or schools. But if your community doesn't have a cleanup program, get together with friends to organize one. You could pick up garbage in a larger area twice a year, or you could clean a smaller area every few months. 68 .Include the isolated. Do you know anyone who is housebound? Almost all neighborhoods have a few people who have to stay at their homes. These people are often elderly and unable to leave their homes to perform simple tasks. 69 . By letting them "borrow" your legs and eyes, you can make them feel included.You can run errands for them like shopping or paying bills. They might like you to read to them if their eyesight is failing. Governments provide some of the services these people need, but programs cannot give them friendship; that's what communities are for!70 . Reading clubs are popular all over Europe and North America. Members might read at home to prepare for discussion, or they might read aloud to each other and talk about what they just read. Either way, a book or article can spark lively discussion and this often challenges people to take action.IV. Summary Writing71. Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Small businesses hold the key to employee happiness. As the calendar flips to another year, many employees will consider starting the new year on the hunt for a new job.In today's changing workforce, it is more important than ever for companies to realize that a salary alone is no longer enough to attract or retain strong employees.According to a survey by Aflac, small businesses deserve a round of applause for their ability to keep employees happy. The report found that 85 percent of small-business employees are happy in their current job, and more than half (51 percent) agree that most of or all of their happiness in their current job is a result of working for a small business.Nearly a quarter of participants (23 percent) stated that the feeling of importance was the best part of working for a small business. Small businesses have the unique ability to make employees feel appreciated, respected and valued on a personal and professional level.In a small-business environment, there are typically fewer layers between newcomers and leadership. This tight-knit structure can create a family-like atmosphere that allows employees to feel that their opinions matter and that they play a significant role in the business's mission.Flexibility is also vital in creating employee happiness. According to the report, 30 percent of respondents noted that flexible scheduling was the best part of working for a small business. A workplace that promotes healthy work-life balance can create happier, less stressed employees and can also increase productivity.Although small businesses excel at keeping employees happy, there is always room for improvement. In a small-business community, money does not seem to be the only motivator. In fact, 65 percent of small-business employees indicate that an improvement in their benefits offerings would make them happier.By offering a great benefits plan that includes voluntary benefits, small businesses can ensure that their employees are able to find the right benefits to meet their individual needs.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.“爱你的邻居”对每个人而言都是一项艰巨的任务。

2018届宝山高三英语二模答案(作文有范文)

宝山区2017学年第二学期期末高三年级英语学科教学质量监测试卷参考答案及听力原文第一大题第1至第10小题，每题1分；第11至20，每题1.5分。

共25分。

1—5 BCDAD 6—10 CDBAC 11—13 BCA 14—16 ADB 17---20 BACD第二大题每小题1分,共20分。

21 where 22 have been/are /are being turned 23 allowing 24. seen/is seen25.to become 26While/Though/Although 27. has increased 28may/might/can/could 29 out of 30. what31.H 32.D 33.J 34.G 35B 36.I 37.E 38.C 39.F 40A第三大题，第41至55小题，每题1分；第56至70小题，每题2分。

共45分41—45BDACB 46—50ADCBD 51—55ACDBA56--59DDAB 60--62 ADB 63—66ACCB 67--70CEAD71.Summary writing(one possible version)Researchers found Teens who spent less time in front of screens and more time in non-screen activities were happier. But totally avoiding/breaking away from screens can be unpleasant. Limited use of digital media along with non-screen activities works better. The arrival of smartphones brings about teens’ negative psychological effects. 47 words第五大题71和72题，每题3分；第73题，4分；第74题，5分。

上海宝山区高三英语二模试卷及答案

II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)About dancing bearsYoung bears are captured in the wild, separated from their mothers, and taught by a trainer to become dancing bears in conditions of unimaginable cruelty.The young animals are forced on to sheets of really hot metal and, (25) ______ (escape) the pain, the bears alternate lifting up one paw (爪子) and then another while music is played. The process is repeated again and again (26) ______ the animals automatically begin to raise their paws –to “dance” –in fear of the pain, even when there are no metal sheets.As the bears get older, the trainers keep them under control by imposing pain. They do this by putting rings through the bears’ highly sensitive noses and jaws. The pitiful truth is (27) ______ they are not put to sleep for this painful process. Chains (28) ______ (attach) to the rings so the trainers can control the animals, (29) ______ weigh up to 350 kilograms, with only a slight pull on the chains.The bears’ nails are c ut several times a year and their teeth broken or removed in order that they cannot get their trainers (30) ______ (injure). The bears also suffer with an inadequate diet usually (31) ______ (consist) of white bread, sugar and cheap fruit juices. All these cause the bears serious physical health problems (32) ______ ______ many of them display strange behavior such as swaying (摇摆) and pacing as they cannot follow natural behavioral patterns and instincts.(B)The Power of GoodIt was Mother’s Day morning la st year and I was shopping at our local supermarket with my five-year-old son, Tenyson. As we were leaving, we realised that only minutes (33) ______ (early) an elderly woman had fallen and hurt (34) ______ badly. She was embarrassed and clearly in shock. Fortunately, her husband was with her and many people had stopped to help out. Walking towards the scene, Tenyson became very upset about (35) ______ had happened to the elderly couple. He said to me, “(36) ______ (fall) over in front of everyone isn’t much fun.”Near the entrance of the supermarket, a charity group had set up a stall selling flowers. Tenyson suggested that we should buy the lady a flower. “It will make her feel better,” he said. I was amazed that he would have this sweet idea, so I asked the flower seller if I (37) _____ buy a flower for the elderly lady because my son wanted to give it to her to cheer her up. “Just take it,” she replied. “I can’t take your money for such wonderful gesture.”By then a nurse (38) ______ (arrive), and was attending to the woman. As we walked up to her, Tenyson became frightened by all the blood and medical equipment. Instead I gave (39) ______ flower to the woman’s husband. The old man thanked us both, thenOver the last 15 years, digital communication has brought in more changes than the printing press did in 1570. And those most likely to use them in this world are teenagers, whose brains appear to have an extraordinary volume to adapt to the world around them, according to Dr Jay Giedd, a(n) 51brain expert.We are now discovering that, as a species, our brains during the teenage years are still flexible and capable of 52 . Having a more flexible brain, 53 , means that certain parts of it, such as desire control and the ability to make long-term decisions, haven’t developed yet, which may also explain why we spend a(n) 54 period living under the protection of our parents rather than leaving home at the age of 12 or 13. This also means that the teenage brain can adapt to new technology, enabling teenagers to 55 the increasing pace of digital technology and giving them an advantage when it comes to multitasking.In the USA, on average teenagers spend hours a day using computers, mobiles, and other devices to learn, interact, and play. This increases to hours if you include all of the56 that goes on, such as talking on the phone while watching TV. As they stare at these screens, they’re taking in and sorting through an incredible amount of information.There are 57 about how social media is affecting the way the brain learns to 58 , as one of the most important skills that we learn as children is how to make friends and interact with people around us. Geidd says that a lot of what goes on inside our brains is social. Social interactions are now being 59 by technology –you could have hundreds of friends, all of whom are real people that you interact with and scientists aren’t sure whether we’ll be able to develop the same 60 using social media.There is a(n) 61 of the growing digital trend: YouTube shows the teenagers all over the world are watching the same videos and laughing at the same jokes, indicating that they are more62 than teenagers in the past. They may be keen on 63 their friends and posting updates on social media sites, but teenagers today are probably going to have access to technology and 64social and educational opportunities that anyone with a less flexible brain may have trouble imagining. Nevertheless, there is a cut-off point, and by the age of 30, our brains in their ways, making it more65 for us to adapt and cope with new technologies.51. A. digital B. adolescent C. surgical D. artificial52. A. functioning B. noticing C. adjusting D. deciding53. A. however B. therefore C. otherwise D. instead54. A. natural B. glorious C. limited D. extended55. A. keep up with B. come up with C. put up with D. end up with56. A. gossiping B. multitasking C. interacting D. playing57. A. reports B. curiosities C. concerns D. talks58. A. memorize B. sort C. imagine D. socialize59. A. changed B. controlled C. troubled D. interrupted60. A. trends B. attitudes C. societies D. skills61. A. advantage B. distraction C. indication D. history62. A. absent-minded B. global-minded C. quick-minded D. serious-minded63. A. accessing B. texting C. discovering D. watching64. A. on the whole B. as a result C. in other words D. by all means65. A. flexible B. important C. difficult D. incredibleSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Sebastian Faulks has written many novels, including Devil May Care, the latest James Bond book. This cutting comes from a very different kind of novel called Charlotte Gray. The setting is a transit (中转) camp near Paris during the Second World War, where a group of people, including two small children, Andre and Jacob, await transport to take them to a concentration camp outside France. Although these people –the ‘deportees’ of the cutting –are not fully aware of this, they face certain death.The Last NightAndre was lying on the floor when a man came with postcards on which the deportees might write a final message. He advised them to leave them at the station or throw them from the train as camp orders forbade access to the post. Two or three pencils that had survived the camps search were passed round among the people in the room. Some wrote with weeping passion, some with great care, as though their safety, or at least the way in which they were remembered, depended upon their choice of words.A woman came with a sandwich for each child to take on the journey. She also had a bucket of water, round which they gathered, holding out food cans they passed from one to another. One of the older boys hugged her in his gratitude, but the bucket was soon empty. When she was gone, there were only the small hours of the night to go through. Andre was lying on the straw, and Jacob leaned close to him for warmth. Five buses had come in through the main entrance, and now stood trembling in the corner of the yard. At a long table … the commandant of the camp himself sat with a list of names that another policeman was calling out in alphabetical order. Andre heard his name and moved with Jacob towards the bus. From the other side of the courtyard, from windows open on the dawn, a shower of food was thrown towards them by women crying and calling out their names.Andre looked up, and i n a chance angle of light he saw a woman’s face in which the eyes were fixed with terrible fierceness on a child beside him. Why did she stare as though she hated him? Then it came to Andre that she was not looking in hatred, but had kept her eyes so intensely open in order to fix the picture of her child in her mind. She was looking to remember, for ever. …66. What can we learn from the first part of the passage?A. The background and the situation of World War II.B. The transit camp and the transportation in Paris.C. The author, the setting and the main characters.D. The main idea and the names on the list.67. Which of the following is true about the things going on in the transit camp?A. The deportees were eager to leave their final messages.B. A humble breakfast was served to children late that morning.C. Andre happened to witness the deportees’ routine camp life.D. The camp commandant stood by a long table calling the roll.68. The woman stared at her child fiercely probably because ______.A. she found her child was trembling and crying for foodB. she thought she would never see her child any moreC. she was filled with an attempt to escape from deathD. she was driven mad by the life in the transit camp69. The author told the story in a(n) ______ tone.A. casualB. desperateC. hatredD. innocent(B)What we doEFP Courses provide courses in English language and British culture. Our courses are aimed at students aged between 12 and 17 who are at pre-intermediate level or above in English. The courses are held in Guildford, a historic town near London. Typical structure of a one-week courseØ up to 25 hours of English run by native speakers, qualified in teaching English as a foreign language and specialist drama teachersØ 2 full-day sightseeing trips to London and Oxford (at weekends)Ø full board (全食宿) with local, English-speaking familiesWhen we run the coursesEFP courses can be organized only during British state school terms. For this academic year, courses can be booked between now and 23 May and between 30 May and30 June. We welcome you to book from 3 September 2016 to 25 October 2016 and from31 October to 20 December 2016.Why choose EFP coursesØ in addition to our standard English classes, we also run drama and expression English classes, taught by specialist drama teachersØ we expose our students to British culture for the entire length of the course Ø we tailor courses to each group’s needs, creating a unique experience for our students. Note that any changes to our courses are made within reason and only if all participants from a group share the same language level. Please see further details on our website.Length of a courseEFP courses run for either one or two weeks depending on the specific requirements for your group.How to applyPlease register your interest by sending an email to. By contacting us before you make any travel arrangements you ensure that we can put your group up on the dates that you require. For more details, please visit you in Guildford soon!70. What does the leaflet tell us about EFP courses?A. Their target students are teenagers of all English levels.B. They are available on the school campuses in London and Oxford.C. Every individual participant is supplied with tailored language support.D. They involve students in British culture activities during the whole course.71. Suppose you are to take EFP courses this academic year, you can ______.A. hand in an application by visiting their websiteB. enjoy a special series of lessons for a whole school termC. experience English dramas with English-speaking familiesD. make a reservation from October 31 to December 2072. The purpose of this writing is to ______.A. attract qualified teachers to EFP coursesB. demonstrate the popularity of EFP coursesC. offer group students access to EFP coursesD. illustrate the importance of EFP courses(C)Lindsay Renwick, the mayor of Deniliquin, a country town in New South Wales, misses the constant whir (嗡嗡声) of the rice mill whose giant fans dried the rice. The Deniliquin mill, the largest rice mill in the Southern Hemisphere (南半球), once processed enough grain to meet the needs of 20 million people globally. But six years of drought have had a destructive effect, reducing Australia’s rice crop by 98 percent and leading to the mothballing of the mill last December.Drought affects every agriculture industry based in Australia, not just rice –from sheep farming, the country’s other backbone, to the cultivation of grapes for wine, the fastest-growing crop there, with that expansion often coming at the expense of rice. The drought’s effect on rice has produced the greatest impact on the rest of the world, so far. It is one factor contributing to skyrocketing prices, and many scientists believe it is among the earliest signs that a warming planet is starting to affect food production.Researchers are looking for solutions to global rice shortages –for example, rice that blooms earlier in the day, when it is cooler, to fight against global warming. Rice plants that happen to bloom on hot days are less likely to produce grains of rice, a difficulty that is already starting to emerge in inland areas of China and other Asian countries as temperatures begin to climb. “There will be problems very soon unless we have new varieti es of rice in place,” said Reiner Wassmann, climate change director at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The recent reports on climate change carried a warning that could make the news even worse: that existing models for the effects of climate change on agriculture did not yet include newer findings that global warming could reduce rainfall and make it more variable.Yet the effects of climate change are not uniformly bad for rice. Rising concentrations (浓度) of carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas, can actually help rice – although the effect reduces or disappears if the plants face unnecessary heat, inadequate water, severe pollution or other stresses. Still, the flexibility of farmers here has persuaded some climate experts that, particularly in developed countries, the effects of climate change may be relieved, if not completely avoided. “I’m not as negative as most people,” said Will Steffen, director of the Fenner School of Environment and Society at Australian National University. “F armers are learning how to do things differently.”Meanwhile, changes like the use of water to grow wine grapes instead of rice carry their own costs, as the developing world is discovering. “Rice is an essential food,” said Graeme Haley, the general manager of the town of Deniliquin. “Wine is not.”73. By “the mothballing of the mill” (in Paragraph 1) the author most probably means the mill is ______.A. kept unprocessedB. left unusedC. being entirely restoredD. being pushed round74. To find the ways to cope with the global rice shortage, researchers are ______.A. seeking new types of rice which could bloom at a lower temperatureB. building greenhouses which could provide more heat for rice to growC. studying climate changes in China which may affect rice growing in AsiaD. looking for alternative agriculture industries which may take the place of rice75. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. Rice plants are fond of higher temperature in the process of growing.B. Global warming has shown few signs of influence on agriculture.C. Rice prices are rising steadily owing to the crop failure in Australia.D. Global warming may contribute to more complicated weather conditions.76. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A. Australia is the largest rice producing country around the worldB. most people look on the bright side of the flexibility of farmersC. climate changes have simply brought negative effects to people’s livesD. wine grape cultivation has threatened the rice production in Australia77. Which of the following best serves as the title of the passage?A. Rice shortage and wine boomB. Drought, the enemy of rice productionC. Rice crisis and its solutionD. Rice issue, a focus of the public attention Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.What colour is it today? What shape is that smell? What does that pain sound like? These questions might seem like nonsense, but four people in 100 might think they make perfect sense. That four percent have synesthesia, and they naturally experience certain senses together. One form of this is pairing numbers or letters with a fixed colour –a blue “1” or a red “D.” Other synesthetes, peop le with synesthesia, may think the word “hurricane” tastes salty. Yet others with“mirror-touch synesthesia” see someone hit on the head and also feel the hit themselves.Synesthesia is not completely understood though it is in our genes. The white matter (脑白质) of synesthetes is organized differently from that of people without synesthesia, which may account for the differences in perception (感知). Synesthesia is widely accepted and researched today, but that hasn’t always been true. Though it caught scientific interest in the late 1800s, it was later rejected as aself-created way of thinking. But as people have become more fascinated by the differences in individual perception, a focus on synesthesia has been renewed. At the present time, scientists in various fields are examining the phenomenon.As scientists continue to study synesthesia, certain advantages have been noticed. Studies show that the sensation connections that synesthetes experience aid them in abilities related to memory. Researchers believe that this advantage may help stop the loss of cognitive (认知) function in the elderly. This aspect of synesthesia could even help patients recover from brain injuries. Synesthetes also tend to be artists, singers Pharrell Williams and Lady Gaga being some famous examples. Most likely, synesthesia doesn’t give artistic sensitivity, but it’s understandable that seeing colours in music, for instance, could inspire art.Strong drugs and increasing blindness have been known to cause synesthesia, but these are not good options for obvious reasons. One recent emphasis of the study of synesthesia is to determine whether non-synesthetes can acquire it. For now, the University of East London is training adults to establish letter-colour connections for memory improvement to some effect. It may not be long before words taste like our favourite foods and our favourite songs look like fireworks.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)78. According to the passage synesthetes are those __________________.79. Why do synesthetes have sensation connections while the others don’t?80. What groups of people might profit from synesthesia according to the third paragraph?81. Scientists are training adults to establish letter-colour connections to prove the possibility that __________________.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 自上周起，孩子们就兴奋地聊着出游的打算了。

2018届上海市宝山区高三下学期教学质量检测(二模)英语试题(无答案)

2018届上海市宝山区高三下学期教学质量检测（二模）英语试题（无答案）Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.How Much of the Jetsons’ World Has Become a Reality?For most of our readers, The Jetsons may be an unfamiliar name. However, for many American born in or before the 1980s, it is a name we fondly remember. The Jetsons was a popular cartoon that featured a family living in an advanced world ___21___ people settle in houses built in the sky, work only three days a week and drive flying cars that resemble flying saucers. While sky-high houses and three-day workweeks don’t appear to be on the horizon, other visions of the future ___22___（turn）into practical realities.Flying cars have been on the minds of scientists and inventors for decades. They are part of a typical imaging of the future fast-paced and luxurious, ___23___（allow）us to speed through the skies. As ___24___（see）in The Sky’s No longer the Limit, this flight of fancy may soon be a reality in Dubai. Aiming ___25___（become）the world’s most advanced city, Dubai is currently testing the first-ever flying taxi.___26___ money still exists in its current cash-based form in The Jetsons, people today are looking toward a world where even cash is out-of-date. Bitcoin is a type of digital money that has taken the world by storm. Since its introduction, the money’s price ___27___（increase）to rates as high as US$ 19,000. This, however, may not predict well for the future of digital currency, as experts warn that Bitcoin is a bubble and ___28___ crash soon. It’s possible that some dreams of the future may still be ___29___ ______ ou r reach.Other more probable technologies already exist, for example, future flying eye hospitals in A Hospital with Wings, unusual-engineered folding paper in Clever Folding and the population of endangered corals（珊瑚）in Lab-Bred Coral to the Rescue, etc. All these show ___30___ humans are already capable of. So, what else could the future have in store for us?Section BDirections：After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word canComputer reads brain activity to find out the music each person is listening to In the experiment, six volunteers heard 40 pieces of classical music, rock, pop, jazz, and others. The Neural（神经的）fingerprint of each song on participants’ brain was ___31___ by the Magnetic Resonance（MR）machine while a computer was learning to identify the brain patterns drawn out by each musical piece. Musical ___32___ such as tone, volume, rhythm and beat were taken in account by the computer.After that, researchers expected that the computer would be able to do the ___33___ way: identify which song participants were listening to, based on their brain activity –a technique known as brain decoding. When faced two options, the computer showed up to 85% ___34___ in identifying the correct song, which is a great performance, comparing to previous studies.Researchers then pushed the test even ___35___ by providing not two but 10 options（e.g. one correct and ninewrong）to the computer. In this situation, the computer correctly identified the song in 74% of the decisions.In the future, studies on brain decoding and machine learning will create possibilities of communication ___36___ any kind of written or spoken language.“Machines will be able to translate our musical thoughts into songs,”says Sebastian Hoefle, researcher from D’Or Institute and PhD student from Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The study is a result of a ___37___ between Brazilian researchers and colleagues from Germany, Finland and India.According to Hoefle, brain decoding researches provide ___38___ to understand neural functioning and interact with it using artificial intelligence. In the future, he experts to find answers for ___39___ like“what musical characteristics make some people love a song while others don’t? Is our brain ___40___ to prefer a specific kind of music?”Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Having a clear picture in mind of what their future will look like can motivate students to keep going despite the challenges of college life. This ___41___ seems to be particularly effective for female students from relatively low socioeconomic status（SES）backgrounds says Mesmin Destin of Northwestern University in the US. College is a time of great opportunity for some, but can be ___42___ for others. It is often the first time that many students are away from the regular and familiar support of their family and friends. Weak students from lower SES backgrounds often encounter greater financial and psychological challenges than others, and this can lead to ___43___ and even withdrawal from difficult situations, such as when interacting with their lecturers or taking tests and exams.Destin and his colleagues wanted to understand if students’ ___44___ to academic challenges improve when they look forward to the future. This idea is built around the theory of identity-based motivation. It holds that people can take positive action during times of unfavorable conditions when they ___45___ a successful future for themselves.“The theory of identity-based motivation proposes that stimulating a focus on a successful future identity may be especially ___46___ in motivating students who are weak during challenging academic situations to develop a sense of action readiness,”explains Destin. This involves feeling ready and able to take appropriate action when ___47___ difficulty.In two almost identical laboratory experiments—one involving 93 female students, the other 185 students （including 101 women）-- participants were first asked either to write about their past or their future ___48___. After their deep thoughts, the participants were filmed during an limited interview with a so-called lecturer, and then had to ___49___ a difficult academic test. The research team noted whether participants’ body language was bold and confident, and measured the amount of effort participants’ ___50___ the academic test.The results were in agreement with the theory of identity – based motivation. Destin and his team found that having a successful future identity can prevent especially female students from lower SES backgrounds from ___51___ during challenging academic situations. Specially, lower SES women who wrote about their future identities displayed greater action ___52___ compared to those who considered their past. They showed more confident body language. It helped them to make more effort to tackle the test, and had an indirect effect on their ___53___.“Simulating imagined successful future identities appears to provide a ___54___ pathway to enable weak students to effectively navigate everyday stressors,”says Destin.“The findings ___55___ suggest that certain students may benefit from strategies that remind them to image their successful futures before any difficult and important task that they might otherwise be likely to avoid.”41. A. instruction B. strategy C. challenge D. psychology42. A. disgraceful B. shameful C. harmful D. stressful43. A. hesitation B. intention C. depression D. decision44. A. willingness B. options C. responses D. applications45. A. destroy B. imagine C. abandon D. substitute46. A. powerful B. upright C. unique D. ambitious47. A. avoiding B. overcoming C. surrendering D. encountering48. A. experience B. suffering C. success D. failure49. A. design B. complete C. comment D. revise50. A. put away B. put on C. put out D. put into51. A. withdrawing B. transforming C. advancing D. engaging52. A. quantity B. dullness C. readiness D. inability53. A. fascination B. ignorance C. dilemma D. performance54. A. tolerable B. potential C. straight D. academic55. A. therefore B. however C. otherwise D. meanwhileSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）I believe in getting lost. Lost in the text of the novel that is particular to your thoughts and feelings that you consider special. The song that reminds you of your childhood summers, where you close your eyes and lose yourself reliving a memory; feeling the warm wind brushing against your arm, the smell of the dusty sand that you stir up as you ride your bicycle, murmuring the tune of that song. Like the unprepared Sunday Drive, with no destination. You’re free to wander, take paths that you’ve never noticed, discover places you haven’t been. Then falling off on the path to lead you back home, leaving you to test directions and alertly absorb your surroundings in order to find your way back; that kind of lost.I get lost daily, whether it’s in thought, or the unplanned drive I just decided to go on. Getting lost is an adventurous learning experience that trains you how to be more aware of your surroundings. A few of my most favorite memories involve physically getting lost. That one late night trip back to Ludington from Grand Rapids I took with a few friends. We finally realized we were going the wrong way when we hit South Haven, almost three hours out of our way. There was also the time where I got lost in the De V os Place in Grand Rapids after the President’s Ball and then the parking garage for a solid two hours. I felt like my life was that one scene of an American television situation comedy, minus the air conditioner. At the time, these are nervous experiences that get your anxiety pumping. You’re fearful that you won’t be safe, but it always works itself out in the end. Physically losing yourself prepares you for how you manage when you emotionally or mentally lose yourself.You don’t always have to be lost in a literal sense to“get lost”and some of the time, losing yourself may not be a positive experience. There are times where I lose sight of who I am. While lost, I test our metaphorical paths and sometimes they turn out to be the right direction and other times they were a wrong turn. I make note of these wrong turns, so I can avoid them further on up the road of finding my way back to who I am.In Walden, Henry David Thoreau wrote“Not till we are lost, in other words not till we have lost the world, do we begin to find ourselves, and realize where we are and the infinite extent of our relations.”Getting lost fuels my curiosity and teaches me lessons on finding my way back to the right track. I believe in getting lost through daydreams, a misplacement, adventures, and difficult times where you make discoveries about yourself and the atmosphere around you. In order to truly find yourself, I believe that you should put down the map and get wonderfully lost.56. In the first paragraph, the author mainly expresses that ______.A. lost in a novel is a special feelingB. songs remind us of past experiencesC. wandering is a wonderful discoveryD. getting lost brings us benefits57. The author mentions the experiences of physically getting lost（in paragraph 2）in order to say _______.A. physically getting lost is most difficult to deal withB. we can enjoy trips while physically getting lostC. people are easy to get physically lost in our daily lifeD. we realize our surroundings while physically getting lost58. Words from Henry David Thoreau（in the last paragraph）imply that getting lost ______.A. enables us to look within and to see outwardB. pulls people back into the previous momentC. enables us to remind ourselves of adventuresD. helps us enjoy ourselves wherever we are59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. I Once Was LostB. Wonderfully LostC. Physically Getting LostD. Mentally Getting Lost（B）Two in three Americans shower once a day or more, according to a YouGov poll. Here’s why you might be better off showering less frequently（and here are other ways you might be showering wrong）60. What’s the whole passage mainly about?A. Reasons you can probably get away with showering less.B. Advice you can take on how to shower more and better.C. Harmful effects made on you through showering less.D. Benefits you can get from showering on a daily basis.61. This passage provides us with the following further detailed information Except ___.A. the best time of day to showerB. the proper temperature for your showerC. the other ways you shower wrongD. the other ways to cut your water bill62. Which of the following is Not a reason why you should shower less?A. Showering gets rid of good bacteria.B. You’re absolutely as dirty as you think.C. Towel drying causes damage to your skin.D. You only really need to wash your smelly parts.（C）Social norms of right and wrong are vital to a well-functioning society. However, such moral standards are changeable and the psychological mechanisms（机制）driving this change are unknown. Now, researchers at Karolinska Institutet report that our view of selfish and unselfish behaviors changes depending on how common they are.The results are based on a combination of behavioral experiments, mathematical models and computer simulations. In the experiments, the participants first observed other people’s behavior in a so-called“public goods game,”in which players receive a sum of money and then choose either to invest it to varying degrees so that it benefits everyone in the group, or to keep it for themselves. After every round, the participants were asked tojudge the different choices as morally right or wrong, and whether the choices ought to be punished with areduction in how much the players gained.Unselfish behavior was considered more morally right than selfish, but both behaviors were judged to be more moral and less deserving of punishment if the majority exhibited them than if they were uncommon. The commonness of the selfish behavior also affected the participants’ willingness to themselves pay to punish selfishness.“Tolerance of selfish behavior increased when the majority of the players kept the money for themselves, which surprised me,”s ays principal investigator Andreas Olsson, senior lecturer at Karolinska Institutet’s Department of Clinical Neuroscience.“The fact that a behavior is common doesn’t automatically mean that it’s right – this idea is based on faulty logic that confuses facts with moral values.”The study shows our view of what is morally right and wrong has strong similarities with social comformity, in that we tend to adapt ourselves to the people around us and how they behave. This means that changes in our social environment can quickly alter our moral compass.“This is interesting from several angles, and could explain why moral attitudes change over time, such as those towards public goods or legality,”says Bjorn Lindstrom, postdoc at University of Zurich and Karolinska Institutet’s Department of Clinical Neuroscience.63. According to Andreas Olsson’s analysis, if people accept selfish behavior, they actually _____.A. get facts and moral values mixed upB. misunderstand social mechanismsC. follow the logic of their ownD. consider it correct and reasonable64. It can be concluded that the participants in the experiments are punished if ______.A. they can’t play“public goods game”B. invest the money to benefit group membersC. they behave differently from the majorityD. they keep the money for themselves65. According to the passage, what is morally right or wrong is shaped by the following Except ___.A. the way people around us behaveB. changes in our social environmentC. personal standards of values and attitudesD. how widespread a particular behavior is66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The psychological mechanisms behind attitude changeB. Behavior is considered more moral the more common it isC. Our view of selfish and unselfish behaviorsD. Moral standards of selfish and unselfish behaviorsSection CDirections：Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentences can only be usedSeeking feedback not always sufficient for stimulating creativity It is widely believed that seeking feedback from colleagues, managers, friends and family enhances employees’ creativity. But is this always the case? No, a positive effect de pends on the work, environment. This is the conclusion of new joint research study led by UvA work and organizational psychologist Roy Sijbom.___67___ For example, managers are encouraged to engage customers in order to confirm whether their business model is workable and scholars attend conferences to obtain feedback on their research results. A definite assumption is that individuals who have obtained feedback will also actually（be able to）use it.“The idea is simple: seeking feedback from different sources –also known as feedback source variety –benefits one’s creativity since it leads to a greater diversity of viewpoints”，says Sijbom.“And the more diverse the viewpoints, the more it benefits one’s creativity because by combing all the different v iewpoints new perspectives will emerge that in turn will result in more creativity. ___68___”The researchers examined how specific characteristics of the immediate work environment influence the relationship between feedback source variety and creative performance. ___69___ One is the recognized rate of change of performance standards. The other is the extent to which employees feel they have sufficient time to develop creative ideas at work（experienced creative time pressure）.“We discovered a growing relationship between the search for input from a variety of feedback sources and creativity, but only when performance standards within an organization are changing and when a relatively low creative time pressure is experienced”，says Sijbom.Sijbom offers several recommendations.“___70___ In a more concrete sense, organizations can, for example, consider using feedback workshops in which employees are encouraged to reflect on diverse feedback and equipped with techniques and strategies on how to absorb feedback in their daily work. In addition, managers should not only stimulate their employees to actively cultivate relationships with potential feedback sources within and outside the organization, but also provide sufficient time to process the feedback obtained from these relationships.”Ⅳ. Summary Writing71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Screen-addicted teens are unhappyA new study explored the link between adolescent life satisfaction and screen time. Researchers found that teens who spent more time in front of screen devices – playing computer games, using social media, texting and video chatting –were less happy than those who invested more time in non-screen activities like sports, reading newspapers and magazines, and face-to-face social interaction.Total screen avoidance doesn’t lead to happiness either. The greater unhappiness among those with no screen exposure could be due to several factors, Twenge, the leading researcher said.“It could be that they are left out of the social scene of high school, that it’s very difficult to carry on friendships in high school these days without texting at all or being on social media.”It is also possible that those kids are outliers, Twenge said –teens with special needs or in special education, or those whose screens have been taken away from them by parents.The key to digital media use and happiness is limited use. The happiest teens used digital media a little less than an hour per day. But after a daily hour of screen time, unhappiness rises steadily along with increasing screen time, the researchers report in the journal Emotion.“Make effort to spend no more than two hours a day on digital media, and try to increase the amount of time you spend seeing friends face-to-face and exercising—two activities reliably linked to greater happiness.”Twenge said.“By far the largest change in teen’s lives between 2012 and 2016 was the increase in the amount of time theyspent on digital media, and the following decline in in-person social activities and sleep,”the leading researcher said.“The arrival of the smartphone is the most reasonable explanation for the sudden decrease in teens’ psychological well-being.”Ⅴ. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 我对这场比赛的结果抱乐观态度。