2018届普陀高三英语二模答案(作文有范文)

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2018年上海市普陀区高考英语二模试卷

2018年上海市普陀区高考英语二模试卷I. Listening Comprehension1．(★)A． Cold B． Sunny C． Rainy D． Cloudy2．(★)A． 110 minutes B． 120 minutes C． 130 minutes D． 140 minutes3．(★)A． Shop assistant and customerB． Boss and assistantC． Professor and studentD． Husband and wife4．(★)A． In a meeting roomB． In a reference roomC． At a booking officeD． At a police station5．(★)A． A movie B． A lecture C． A play D． A speech6．(★★★)A． The woman shouldn't be so upsetB． He's an hour later for the interview．C． The woman should be patientD． He's too nervous to calm down7．(★★)A． The man is intelligent enoughB． The man does not work hard enoughC． The man should get some sleepD． The man is hard-working8．(★★★)A． He doesn't enjoy business trips as much as he used toB． He wants to spend more time with his familyC． He doesn't think he is capable of doing the jobD． He thinks the pay is too low to support his family9．(★★★)A． The woman doesn't have money for her son's graduate studies B． The woman doesn't think her son will get a business degreeC． The woman insists that her son should major in scienceD． The woman advises her son to think twice before making his decision10．(★★)A． It ran into another carB． It fell into a river and sankC． It broke down on the roadD． It left the road and landed in a field11．(★★★)（1）A． Noise B． Smoking C． LitterD． Drinking（2）A． A tour guide B． A conductor C． A teacher D． A lawyer（3）A． To prepare people for international travelB． To make the laws of different kindsC． To inform people of the punishment for breaking lawsD． To give advice to travelers to the country12．(★★★)（1）A Conference with the course tutorB． Active attendance and commitmentC． Punctuality and politenessD． Debate and essay preparation（2）A． Inform the teacher in advanceB． Just do not choose the courseC． Drop out of the courseD． Make it up later（3）A． One that is written by handB． One that is originalC． One that is revise by the tutorD． One that keeps to the instructions13．(★★★)（1）A． His knees and fingers acheB． He doesn't feel like eatingC． He can't sleep very wellD． His blood pressure is high（2）A． She asks him to have injections and a treatment with raysB． She asks him to have an operation and a treatment with raysC． She asks him to have a good rest and a treatment with raysD． She asks him to have some herbal medicine and a treatment with rays（3）A． Every day for seven weeksB． Three times a week for seven weeksC． Three times a weeks for three weeksD． Twenty times for two weeks（4）A． Use hot water padsB． Sit by the stoveC． Drink cold waterD． Take cold bathsSection A 10% Directions： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word： for the otherblanks， use one word that best fits each blank.14．(★★)Jim ThompsonJim Thompson's life story is one of success， achievement， and finally mystery because no one knows how it ended．Thompson was born in Delaware（1） the east coast of the United States in 1906． After finishing high school， Thompson went to Princeton University andlater studied architecture at the University of Pennsylvania． After graduation，Jim Thompson worked as an architect in New York City until 1940． Not long after this， he volunteered（2）（serve）in the U．S． Army． During World War II， Thompson gathered intelligence for the army in Thailand． It was this first taste of life in the Far East（3） changed Thompson's life． He saw opportunities to develop tourism there， becoming（4）（involve）in an ambitious scheme to restore the Oriental Hotel．While the hotel plan fell through， by that time Thompson had hit upon another scheme that would eventually make him a millionaire． While traveling around Thailand， he came across（5） he considered exquisite（精美的）samples of handwoven Thai silk， a product that（6）（become）rare． He persuaded the weavers to work with him and marketed the silk in New York，（7） it became very popular． As a consequence， the Thai silk industry was revived（复兴）and the business made Thompson and some of the weavers very wealthy．With his success in the silk business， Jim Thompson continued his originalinterest in architecture on the side． He found six traditional Thai houses and had （8） brought to Bangkok and reassembled there as one magnificent house． Today， not only is it a beautiful house inside and out，（9） it is also filled with the works of art Thompson collected．In 1967 during a holiday in Malaysia， he went for a walk in the Jungle and disappeared forever． To this day， no clues（10）（find）as to what happened to this wealthy American businessman who is credited with single-handedly reviving the Thai silk industry．Section B10% Directions： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.15．(★★)Mentally and Intellectually HarmfulLast month， the Indian Medical Association declared a public health emergency in New Delhi because of high levels of air pollution． Schools were shut and emergencytraffic restrictions put in place．New Delhi is far from alone． Our research into the（1） of air pollutionin China shows that， in addition to the more obvious physical price， airpollution can also have serious negative effects on mental health and cognition （认知），（2） reducing a person's happiness and their scores in verbal and mathematical tests．Such harmful mental effects have serious negative consequences for livelihoods and human capital development， suggesting that development（3） should go beyond the traditional focus of boosting GDP in the developing world．India's recent pollution emergency is the most（4） incidence（发生率）of dangerous air pollution， but smoggy skies have been a cause of growing（5）in most developing countries．Major cities across the developing world---from Thailand to Brazil， to Nigeria---（6） experience pollution at several times the WHO safe limits． In fact，98% of cities with more than 100.000（7） in low and middle-income countries fail to meet the WHO's air quality guidelines．India's extreme levels of air pollution are well recognized， and examining the effects provides clear warnings for other countries seeking fast growth through rapid industrialization．We used nationally （8） longitudinal （纵向）surveys on mental health and cognition， matched with daily air quality data for the time and place of interviews， to see what pollution does in a given time to individual happiness and cognitive performance． Because each person in our survey was （9） multiple times， we can control for the effect of individual characteristics on the outcome variables．We found that worsening air quality led to a decrease in happiness that day（10）to about 10percent of the reduced happiness one would experience form a negative major life event such as divorce．III. Reading Comprehension Section A 15% Directions： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.16．(★★★)Globalization： Good or Bad？Globalization is defined in many ways．One simple （1） is that it is the rapid increase in international free trade， investment， and technological exchange． It is argued that this international trade has been one of the main causes of world economic （2） over the past half century． Although thereis little doubt that the global economy has developed enormously in the last 50 years， some people believe that this trend has only benefited certain countries，and that others have suffered as a result．Improved income？An argument（3） globalization is that the benefits of increasedinternational trade are shared among everyone in the country． An example of thisis China， where per capita income（人均收入）rose from about﹩1400 in1980 to over﹩4000 by 2000．（4） per capita income rose by over 100% in India between 1980 and 1996． It would appear that countries which open their doors to worldtrade tend to become（5）．However， these sorts of（6） might not be giving a true picture． They are "average"， and despite the fact that there has been a substantial increase I n income for a small minority of people， the vast majority have only seen a（7）improvement．More imports， more exportsSupporters of free trade point out that there is another direct benefit to begained from an increase in international trade： exports（8） imports． Take coffee as an example． Countries which produce and export coffee import the packaging for it： a（n）（9） trade which enables commerce to develop in two countries at the same time．（10） maintain that， in general， it is poorer countries that produce and export food such as coffee， and richer countries that produce and export manufactured goods such as packaging materials． Furthermore， it is the richer countries that control the price of good and，（11）， farmers may be forced to sell their produce at a low price and to buy manufactured goods at a high price．（12） developmentFinally， globalization often（13） a country to concentrate on industries which are already successful． These countries develop expertise（专门技能）and increase their share in the international market． On the other hand， those countries which（14） to support all their industries usually do notdevelop expertise in any one． Consequently， these countries do not find a world market for their goods and do not increase their gross domestic product（GDP）．Anti-globalists claim that there is a serious problem in this argument for the （15）of industry． Countries which only concentrate on one or two main industries are forced to import other goods． These imported good are frequently overpriced， and these countries， therefore， have a tendency to accumulate huge debts．（1）A． indication B． principle C． definition D． factor（2）A． systems B． solution C． crisis D． growth（3）A． in favor of B． on account of C． with regard to D． in honour of（4）A． Fortunately B． Similarly C． Undoubtedly D． Unusually（5）A． freer B． greater C． stronger D． wealthier（6）A． figures B． descriptions C． countries D． benefits（7）A． severe B． slight C． further D． general（8）A． overtake B． qualify C． fight D． require（9）A． two-way B． all-inclusive C． official D． legal（10）A． Supporters B． Advocates C． Critics D． Authorities（11）A． otherwise B． nevertheless C． therefore D． besides（12）A． Global B． Industrial C． National D． Economical（13）A． encourages B． restricts C． forbids D． forces（14）A． stop B． continue C． fail D． refuse（15）A． globalization B． transformation C． specialization D． identificationSection B 22% Directions： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.17．(★★★)The Harlem RenaissanceThe word "renaissance" means "rebirth"． The Harlem Renaissance took place during the 1920s． It was a time when the African American artistic community grew and flourished， producing a ton of work in a short period of time． The work celebrated African American culture and spoke to their experiences as minorities---both the good parts and the bad parts．After the Civil War， many African Americans left the South to escape unfair treatment and laws that discriminated against them． Between 1910 and 1920，massive numbers of black Southerners moved from the rural south into the urban North and West in the Great Migration． The African American population of Chicago more than doubled during that time! And in New York， African Americans flocked to uptown Manhattan， setting in a neighborhood called Harem． Forming a community within the big city let African Americans keep their cultural identity in a white-dominated society． It was a good thing， and a lot of important cultural issues were brought to light during the Harlem Renaissance． One of the most important figures of the time was the African American writer， W． E．B Du Bois． In his book， The Souls of Back Folk， in 1903， Du Bois wrote that African Americans suffered from something called "double consciousness"． They had their own self-image while they saw themselves through the eyes of white Americans． And performers like Josephine Baker and Paul Robeson brought African American culture to all New Yorkers． The Renaissance was so influential that "Harlem" grew into something of a brand nameAfrican Americans were pushing boundaries across all aspects of society． Black businesses began to flourish， creating a growing middle class， like MadameC．J． Walker， who tuned her cosmetics line into a million dollar empire． All together， the artists， and thinkers of this period helped mobilize the larger black population． Young African-Americans took advantage of improved access to higher education． This opened up new career paths and opportunities to attain advanced degrees． Perhaps most importantly， people---black and white---began the push for racial integration， planting the seeds of what would eventually become the civil rights movement of the 1960s．（1）Why did many African Americans leave the South after the Civil War？A． To escape slaveryB． To find jobs in agricultureC． To avoid racial discriminationD． To gain citizenship（2）How did W．E．B． Du Bois contribute to the Harlem Renaissance？A． He led to movement to return to AfricaB． He composed folk music based on African American themeC． He wrote plays about the African-American experienceD． He wrote about the struggle for African-American identity（3）What can you infer about the economic status of African Americans prior to the Harlem Renaissance？A． Nearly all were unemployed at that timeB． The vast majority were considered lower classC． Most were regarded as middle classD． A large percentage were recognized as wealthy（4）What actor allowed many more Africa Americans to pursue careers in fields like medicine and law？A． Spread of black businessesB． Access to higher educationC． Shift from agriculture to industryD． Push for unity among all Africans18．(★★) （1）A traveler will enjoy a performance if he chooses ．A． the Essential TourB． the Backstage TourC． Opera High TeaD． any of the tours（2）Joining the Backstage Tour， a traveler ．A． is allowed to wear sneakers when standing on the stageB． will have an opportunity to be the conductor of the orchestraC． can take his big family of 8members to free breakfastD． can buy the discount ticket the day before the tour（3）If a couple who travelled with their 17-year-old son joined the Essential Tour and had a meal of $150 there ，what would the lowest cost be if paid in cash？A． 203.25USDB． 214.5USDC． 225 USDD． 239.25USD19．(★★)A sensational new scientific discovery in the ocean near Australia may explain the most massive extinction of living things in Earth's history． For years，scholars have been frustrated in trying to analyze why 90 to 95 percent of sea life and 75 percent of and life vanished about 250 million years ago． The extinctions were so enormous that they are called The Great Dying． To date， some authoritieson ancient life thought that a volcanic eruption or a sudden change in the environment affected all life on Earth． Other specialists have doubted these theories， maintaining that it was not plausible that a solo volcano could bring about such chaos． From the outset， critics believed these claims were exaggerated．By contrast， there is wide acceptance of the idea that a meteor （流星）which hit Mexico's Yucatan peninsula 65 million years ago was the primary cause of the dinosaurs' extinction． Nevertheless， until now they had no evidence of an intense meteor impact 185 mill on years earlier． Now they do．American geologists have been examining rock samples from a deep sea crater （火山口）near the northwest coast of Australia． The samples were initially collectedand preserved by petroleum technicians seeking oil． Now the geologists and their colleagues believe that the precise splits in the rock's structure show a typical pattern for meteors． There is a clear distinction from volcanic patterns． In fact，a spokesperson went so far as to say that these rocks completely revise the way scientists perceive the mass extinctions from the ancient era． Academics say that the meteor's crater s the size of Mount Qomolangma， the highest mountain on Earth! Literally， the meteor made a mark on Earth as it drowned in the sea． The Earth could not absorb such a harsh blow without sustaining global devastation． Things must have come to a standstill． Evidently， the blow was fatal for many forms of life．Bear in mind that all this was long before mammals---including humans--emerged in Earth's history． Still， we would be wise to pay attention to the damage a meteor can cause． Fortunately， meteor strikes on Earth are few and far between．（1）The word "plausible" （paragraph 1）is closest in meaning to " "．A． available B． incredible C． reasonable D． ridiculous（2）Why didn't the meteor affect human beings？A． Because they were very resistantB． Because there weren't any thenC． Because they lived in isolated areasD． Because they hid themselves in the caves（3）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？A． Scholars agreed that a single volcano caused The Great DyingB． 75 percent of land life continued 250 million years agoC． Volcanic rocks and meteors have different patternsD． When the meteor hit land Mount Qomolangma sprang up．（4）What is the best title for the passageA． The Dinosaurs' EndB． Crater on QomolangmaC． Contradictory ClaimsD． A Meteor's ImpactSection C 8% Directions： Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note thatthere are two more sentences than you need.20．(★★) Blind imitation is self-destruction． To those who do not recognize their unique worth， imitation appears attractive； to those who know their strength， imitation is unacceptable．In the early stages of skill or character development imitation is helpful． When I first learned to cook． I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes． But soon I grew bored．（1）Imitating role models is like using training wheels on a child's bicycle； they help you get going， but once you find your own balance， you fly faster andfarther without relying on them．（2） If， as a child， you observed people whose lives were bad， you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what theydid． If you do not make strong choices for yourself， you will get the results of the weak choices of others．In the field of entertainment， our culture glorifies celebrities． Those stars look great on screen． But when they step off screen， their personal lives may be disastrous．（3）Blessed is the person willing to at on their sudden desire to create something unique． Think of the movies， books， teachers， and friends that have affected you most deeply． They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration， not desperation． The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them， but by those who do what has been done inside them．（4）The problem a creator faces is not running out of material； it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination．Study your role models， accept the gifts they have given， and leave behind what does not serve you． Then you can say， "I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors' tragedies and declare victory， and know that they are cheering me on．"V. Summary Writing 10%21．(★★★★★)Directions： Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．Better Memory Causes BoredomA new study shows that the better your short-term memory， the faster you feel fedup and decide you've had enough． The findings appear in the Journal of Consumer Research．Noelle Nelson， assistant professor of marketing and consumer behavior at the University of Kansas School of Business． She and her colleague Joseph Redden atthe University of Minnesota tried to think outside the lunch box． "Something that was interesting to me is that some people get tired of things at very different rates． When you think about pop songs on the radio， some people must still be enjoying them and requesting them even after hearing them a lot． But a lot ofother people are really sick of those same songs．" The difference， theresearchers supposed， might have to do with memories of past consumption．The researchers tested the memory capacity of undergraduates． The students then viewed a repeating series of three classic paintings like The Starry Night，American Gothic， and The Scream or listened and re-listened to a series of three pop songs or three pieces of classical music． Throughout the test， theparticipants were asked to rate their experience on a scale of zero to ten． Andthe better a participant scored in the memory test， the faster they got bored．"We found that people with larger capacities remembered more about the music or art，which led to them getting tired of the music or art more quickly． So remembering more details actually made the participants feel like they'd experienced the musicor art more often．" The findings suggest that marketers could cope with our desire for their products by figuring out ways to distract us and keep us from fully remembering our experiences． We could also trick ourselves into eating less junk food by recalling the experience of a previous snack． As for kids easily bored，just tell them to forget about it---it might help them have more fun．Translation 15% Directions： Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets.22．(★★★★★)比起节食，我宁愿多做运动来减肥．（prefer）23．(★★★)缺乏合作意识是他上月竞选失败的原因．（lack）24．(★★★)如果实验过程中有问题出现，请及时与实验室管理员沟通．（arise）25．(★★★★)春节期间的所见所闻让我们深刻地感受到：千千万万普通人最伟大，幸福都是奋斗出来的．（happiness）Guided Writing 25%26．(★★)Directions： Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．母亲节快到了，班里准备在这天召开主题为"感谢母亲"的班会．请你就以下这份调查结果统计表撰写演讲稿，在演讲稿中，你必须：1．描述表格中的信息；2．分析可能导致这一结果的原因；3．表达你的想法．。

2018届上海市各区高三英语二模试题汇编：阅读理解A篇（带答案已经校对）

Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)William Herschel was born on November 15th, 1738 in Hanover in a family of musicians. In 1757, he fled to England and began earning a living as an organist and later composer and conductor. In 1772, he convinced his sister Caroline to join him as a singer. In their spare time the brother-sister team became occupied in astronomy. William died at his home in Slough, near Windsor on August 25th,1822, and Caroline on September 1st,1848.Herschel’s first major discoveries were to show that Mars and Jupiter exhibit axialrotation (绕轴自转). Herschel struck fame in 1781, when on March 13th, he discovered the planet Uranus (天王星) while engaged in work aimed at determining stellar parallax (恒星视差). This being the first new planet discovered since ancient times, Herschel, until then a mere amateur astronomer relatively unknown even in England, became world-famous. Adopting a historically proven strategy, Herschel named the new planet Georgium Sidum, in honor of the then ruling English king George III. The trick worked once again, as King George III gave William and Caroline the titles of ―The King’s Astronomer‖ and ―Assistant to the King’s Astronomer‖, an honor which came with a life’s pension for both. In 1782 they moved to Bath, and shortly thereafter to S lough, and from this point on William and Caroline could devote themselves entirely to astronomy. The Herschels went on to discover two moons of Uranus in 1787.While Caroline became increasingly occupied with the search for comets at which she was quite s uccessful, William became for a time interested in the Sun. Inspired by Wilson’s 1774 work, he put forth the theory of sunspot, an opinion that continued to exist well into the nineteenth century. In 1800, he became interested in the solar spectrum (太阳光谱), and uncovered the first evidence for solar energy output outside of the visible spectrum, in what is now known as the infrared(红外线). In 1801, he published two papers that effectively started the field of solar influences on Earth’s weather.56.Herschel made himself known to the world mainly by __________.A. discovering the planet UranusB. determining stellar parallaxC. discovering two moons of UranusD. uncovering the evidence for the infrared57. It can be inferred from the passage that George III __________.A. liked science and technologyB. liked Herschel’s naming of the new planetC. was interested in astronomyD. gave Herschel a lot of useful suggestions58. What do we know about Caroline from the passage?A. She was successful in music.B. She was titled ―The King’s Astronomer‖.C. She died later than her brother.D. She published two papers.59. This passage mainly tells readers .A. some information about Herschel and his sisterB. how Herschel and his sister discovered the planet UranusC. Herschel and Caroline got along well with each otherD. Herschel and Caroline’s major scientific publicationsKeys: 56-59: A B C ASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The cold northern wind here in the streets of Petersburg strengthens my nerves and fills me with delight. I cannot think of the Pole as cold and empty;in my imagination it is a region of beauty and delight. Who knows what strange landscapes and creatures we may find there. I shall satisfy my curiosity with the sight of an unknown part of the world-and walk where no man has before.Thinking of it, I feel the same joy a child feels when he sails his little boat on a voyage ofdiscovery up his native river.This voyage was the favorite dream of my early years. My education was neglected, yet I was passionately fond of reading. Uncle Thomas's library contained only books about exploration, which I read day and night. Finally my thoughts comes to the idea of making a voyage of discovery.Six years have passed since I decided on the present voyage. I can, even now, remember the hour when I committed myself to this great enterprise. I began by making my body used to hardship. I went on whale hunting voyages to the North Sea; I voluntarily endured cold, hunger, thirst, and lack of sleep. I often worked harder than the common sailors during the day. Then, at nights, I studied mathematics, the theory of medicine,and sciences of practical importance for a seagoing adventurer. Twice I took jobs as an officer on a Greenland whaling ship. I felt a little proud when my captain asked me to remain with the ship, so valuable did he consider my services. And now, do I not deserve to achieve some great task? My life might have been passed in ease and comfort, but I preferred glory to every pleasure that wealth placed in my path.56.What does the author think of the Pole?A.It reminds him of his childhood.B. It must be a region full of surprises.C. It would fulfil his dream to be an adventurer.D. It's too cold a destination with almost nothing.57. To realize his childhood dream, the author got _______.A. physically prepared by experiencing great sufferingB. spiritually prepared by gaining captain's recognitionC. academically prepared by reading books on explorationD. financially prepared by serving on a whale hunting ship.58. According to the passage, the author is definitely a person full of _______.A. curiosityB. fancyC. perseveranceD.prideKeys:56-58: CACSection CDirections：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.(A)In 1982, I had responsibility for Stephen Hawking’s third academic book for the Press, Superspace and Supergravity. This was a messy collection of papers from a technical workshop on how to devise a new theory of gravity. While that book was in production, I suggested he try something easier: a popular book about the nature of the Universe, suitable for the general market.Stephen hesitated over my suggestion. He already had an international reputation as a brilliant theoretical physicist working on rotating black holes and theories of gravity. And he had concerns about financial matters: importantly, it was impossible for him to obtain any form of life insurance to protect his family in the event of his death or becoming totally dependent on nursing care. So, he took precious time out from his research to prepare the rough draft of a book.At the time, several bestselling physics authors had already published non-technical books on the early Universe and black holes. Stephen decided to write a more personal approach, by explaining his own research in cosmology and quantum theory.One afternoon, in the 1980s, he invited me to take a look at the first draft, but first he wanted to discuss cash. He told me he had spent considerable time away from his research, and that he expected advances and royalties(定金和版税) to be large. When I pressed him on the market that he foresaw, he insisted that it be on sale, up front, at all airport bookshops in the UK and the US. I told that was a tough call for a university press. Then I thumbed the typescript. To my dismay, the text was far too technical for a general reader.A few weeks later he showed me a revision, much improved. Eventually, he decided to place it with a mass market publisher rather than a university press. Bantam published A Brief History of Time in March 1988. Sales took off like a rocket, and it ranked as a bestseller for at least five years. The book’s impact on the popularization of science has been incalculable.56. What suggestion did the writer give to Stephen Hawking?A. Simplifying Superspace and Supergravity.B. Formulating a new theory of gravity.C. Writing a popular book on the nature of the universe.D. Revising a book based on a new theory.57. Which of the following was Stephen Hawking most concerned about?A. Financial returns.B. Other competitors.C. Publishing houses.D. His family’s life insurance.58. The underlined word ―thumbed‖ is closest in meaning to _______.A. praisedB. typedC. confirmedD. browsed59. The greatest contribution of the book A Brief History of Time lies in _______.A. bringing him overnight fame in the scientific worldB. keeping up the living standard of his familyC. making popular science available to the general publicD. creating the rocketing sales of a technical bookKeys:56-59 CADCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Warning from ExpertsA growing amount of human- made orbital debris(太空轨道残骸)---from rocket stages and out-of-date satellites---- is circling the Earth. Scientists say the orbital debris, better known as space junk, poses an increasing threat to space activities. ―This is a growing environmental problem,‖said Nicholas Johnson, the chief scientist and program manager for orbital debris at NASA(美国航空航天局) in Houston, Texas.Johnson and his team have developed a computer model capable of simulating past and future amounts of space junk. The model predicts that even without future rocket or satellite launches, the amount of debris in low orbit around Earth will steady through 2055, after which it will increase. While current efforts have focused on limiting future space junk, these scientists say removing large pieces of old space junk will soon be necessary.Since the first launch of satellite in 1957, humans have been generating space junk. The U.S. Space Surveillance Network is currently tracking over 13,000 human-made objects larger than tencentimeters in diameter orbiting the Earth. ―Of the 13,000 objects, over 40 percent came from breakups of both spacecraft and rocket bodies,‖ Johnson said. In addition, there are hundreds of thousands of smaller objects in space. These include everything from pieces of plastic to bits of paint. Much of this smaller junk has come from exploding rocket stages. Stages are sections of a rocket that have their own fuel or engines.These objects travel at speeds over 35,000 kilometers an hour. At such high speed, even small junk can tear holes in a spacecraft or disable a satellite by causing electrical shorts that result from clouds of superheated gas.Johnson believes it may be time to think about how to remove junk from space. Previous proposals range from sending up spacecrafts to grab junk and bring it down to using lasers to slow an objects orbit to cause it to fall back to Earth more quickly. Given current technology, those proposals appear neither technically nor economically practical, ―Space j unk is like any environmental problem,‖ Johnson admits. ―I t’s growing. If you don’t deal with it now, it will only become worse, and the solutions in the future are going to be even more costly.‖56. What is this passage mainly talking about?A. Advanced technology is used to remove space junk.B. NASA is responsible for the environmental problem.C. Cleaning up the space junk is greatly needed.D. Human activities generate much orbital debris.57. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?A. Rocket launches produce more debris than satellite launches.B. Space junk is endangering human beings' space activities.C.It's necessary to clean up the large pieces of old space junk.D. Even a tiny piece of space junk can destroy a spacecraft58. What does John think of the previous proposals to grab space junk and bring it down to the earth?A. Reasonable.B. Unbelievable.C. Reliable.D. Impractical.Keys:56-58 CADSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Have you ever had the experience of talking to someoneand you think they are lying?Well, you are not alone. We’veall had that feeling. But did you know that there are severalthings you can look for to see if you are being lied to?Sometimes you can tell if a person is lying by observing what they do with their body. When people are lying they tend not to move their arms, hands or legs very far from their body. They don’t want to take up very much space because they don’t want to be no ticed. Sometimes a person who is lying will not look you in the eyes. Other times people wholie try to look at you in a strong way because they want to convince you they are tellingthe truth.Liars also use deflection. For example, if you ask a liar the question ―Did you steal Fatima’s bag?‖, they may answer with something like ―Fatima is my friend. Why would Ido that?‖ In this situation the person is telling the truth, but they are also not answeringthe question. They are trying to deflect your attention. Liars may also give too many details. They may try to over-explain things. They do this because they want to convinceyou of what they are saying.Often when a person is lying, they do not want to continue talking about their lie. Ifyou think someone is lying, quickly change the subject. If the person is lying, they will appear more comfortable because they are not talking about their lie any longer. A little later, change the subject back to what you were talking about before. If the person seems uncomfortable again, they may be lying.It’s very hard for a liar to avoid filling silence created by you. He or she wants you to believe the lies being woven; silence gives no feedback on whether or not you’ve boughtthe story. If you’re a good listener, you’ll already be avoiding interruptions, which initself is a great technique to let the story unfold.Just because a person is showing these behaviors, it does not mean they are lying.They might be shy or nervous. But, if you think someone is lying, you might want to usesome of these techniques. Hopefully, you won’t need to very often.56. By saying ―Liars also use deflection‖, the writer means that liars may __________.A. tell great storiesB. change tone of voiceC. ask a question in replyD. avoid direct answers57. According to the passage, a person could be lying if he or she ____________.A. offers more information than necessaryB. appears to be shy or nervousC. changes the subject of the conversationD. speaks very fast and vaguely58. Whichof the following can be learned from the passage?A. Liars always try to avoid direct eye contact when they tell lies.B. We can make people lie by changing the subject in a conversation.C. Liars are often expansive in hand and arm movements while talking.D. We make liars uncomfortable by giving no feedback in a conversation.59. The passage mainly talks about __________.A. who deceives usB. why people tell liesC. how to detect liesD. what to do with liarsKeys:56-59 DADCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AIf a diver surfaces too quickly, he may suffer the bends. Nitrogen(氦)dissolved in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure. The consequence, if the bubbles accumulate(累积) In a joint,, is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name. If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain, the consequence can be death.Other air-breathing animals also suffer this decompression (减压) sickness if they surface too fast: whales, for example. And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs(鱼龙).That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones. If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply. This kills the cells in the bone, and consequently weakens it, sometimes to the point of collapse. Fossil bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past. What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years. To this end, he and his colleagues traveled the world's natural-history museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression. Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite. More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died, but not a single Triassic specimen(标本)showed evidence of that sort of injury.If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means, they clearly did so quickly-and, most strangely, they lost it afterwards. But that is not what Dr. Rothschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (掠食性动物) such as a large shark. One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles, both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches. Triassic oceans, by contrast, were mercifully shark and crocodile-free. In the Triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain. In the Jurassic and Cretaceous, they were prey (猎物)as well as predator—and often had to make a speedy exit as a result.56. Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?A. A twisted bodyB. A gradual decrease in blood supply.C. A sudden release of nitrogen in blood.D. A drop in blood pressure57. The purpose of Rothschild's study is to see___.A. how often ichthyosaurs caught the bendsB. how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompressionC. why ichthyosaurs bent their bodiesD. when ichthyosaurs broke their bones58. Rothschild's finding stated in Paragraph 4_____.A. confirmed his assumptionB. speeded up his research processC. disagreed with his assumptionD. changed his research objectives59. Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs_______.A. failed to evolve an anti-decompression meansB. gradually developed measures against the bendsC. died out because of large sharks and crocodilesD. evolved an anti-decompression means but soon lost itKeys: 56-59 ABCASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AOne Friday morning, before Michael was leaving for work he told his wife that he had finally determined to ask his boss for a salary raise. All day Michael felt nervous and anxious as he thought about the upcoming showdown. What if Mr.Duncan refused to grant his request? Michael had worked so hard in the last 18 months and brought some great benefits to Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency. Of course, he deserved a wage increase.The thought of walking into Mr. Duncan's office left Michael weak in the knees. Late in the afternoon he was finally courageous enough to approach his superior. To his delight and surprise, the ever- frugal (一惯节省的) Rowland Duncan agreed to give Michael a raise!Michael arrived home that evening-despite breaking all city and state limits-to a beautiful table set with their best china, and candles lit. His wife, Cassie, had prepared a delicate mealincluding his favourite dishes. Immediately he thought someone from the office had tipped her off!Next to his plate Michael found a beautiful lettered note. It was from his wife. It read: "Congratulations, my love! I knew you'd get the raise! I prepared this dinner to show just how much I love you. I am so proud of your accomplishments!" He read it and stopped to think about how sensitive and caring Cassie was.After dinner, Michael was on his way to the kitchen to get dessert when he observed that a second card had slipped out of Cassie's pocket onto the floor. He bent forward to pick it up. It read: "Don't worry about not getting the raise! You do deserve one! You are a wonderful provider and I prepared this dinner to show you just how much I love you even though you did not get the increase."Suddenly tears swelled in Michael's eyes. Total acceptance! Cassie's support for him was not conditional upon his success at work.The fear of rejection is often softened and we can undergo almost any setback or rejection when we know someone loves us regardless of our success or failure.56. What was Michaels plan that Friday?A. To find a job with the Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency.B. To ask for a wage increase from his boss.C. To celebrate his success.D. To ask his boss to come for dinner.57. On his way back home, Michael______.A. felt weak in the kneesB. was punished by the traffic policemanC. was too anxious to share the news with his wifeD. couldn't wait to enjoy a meal58. Which of the following statements about the story is FALSE?A. Michael was afraid that his request would lead to a disaster.B. Michael had worked very hard and done his part for the company.C. Michael's boss agreed to his request.D. One of Michael's colleagues had told his wife the good news.59. According to the passage, which of the following can best describe Michael's wife, Cassie?A. Passionate, thoughtful and talented.B. Considerate, generous and reliable.C. Decisive, optimistic and energetic.D. Caring, tolerant and supportive.Keys: 56-59 BCDDSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.(A)Last October, I was on a diving holid ay in the Philippines with with seven other advanced divers. I dived off the boat, slowly sinking to about 20m.After nearly 45 minutes, the sound of my breathing was drowned out by a low rumble like an engine, and I felt deep, powerful vibrations(震动), as if a big boat with a propeller was passing overhead. The dive instructor's eyes were wide with confusion too. We both swam next to each other, staying close to the side of the reef(礁石). The situation felt sinister.Then we were enveloped by clouds of white sand that mushroomed up around us, Could it be an underwater bomb? A giant turtle raced past us and into the deep; they are normally slow movers, so this was very weird behaviour. The vibration became so intense that I could feel it in my bones, and the sound turned into a deafening roar. Suddenly, a few meters below us, breaks began forming and the sand was sucked down. That's when I realized it was an earthquake. The noise was the sound of the Earth splintering open and grinding against itself.The instructor and I held hands and looked into each other's eyes; I felt comforted by his presence. I was numb(麻木的)for terror but clear-headed. My body went on high alert, ready to react. But I have no power over whatever this is. The only option is to stay very still and let it do whatever it's going to do.It took enormous willpower to resist the urge to swim to the surface, which is not sensible as situation on the surface at that time was ambiguous with potential threats pending. Soon we saw other divers.The sound and vibration lasted only two or three minutes and when they stopped I heard the swoosh of sand falling over the seabed. We all held hands before resurfacing to avoid decompression sickness, which can be fatal. When up,It was a huge relief to see all the divers and we all shared incredulous looksbefore pulling out our breathing apparatus and shouting, "What was that?"Back on the boat, we rushed to check the news and discovered we had witnessed a huge earthquake, measuring 7.2 on the Richter scale. It released more energy than 30 Hiroshima bombs, though it seemed that we were not at at the epicentre(震中). I was high and felt lucky surprisingly not because of my recent survival miracle, but to have experienced nature at its most stunning and its most frightening.56. How did the author realize that they met with an earthquake?A. By feeling the violent shake under the sea.B. By witnessing a normally-slow turtle quickly moving by.C. By seeing the seafloor crack.D. By checking the news and be informed of the event.57. Why didn’t the author rise to the surface before the vibration stopped?A. Because the instructor gestured him not to rise.B. Because he was numb in body.C. Because he could sense the unclear water situation.D. Because he tried to avoid unexpected danger above.58. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. At the beginning of the event, a big boat passed by causing big vibration.B. All the divers used the reef as the protection against the violent vibration.C. I felt relieved as the instructor was experience in handling situations like this.D. Powerless to fight nature, I was tame when under the water.59. Why did the author feel fortunate on the boat?A. Because he was not at the epicenter of the earthquake.B. Because he finally survived a huge earthquake.C. Because he could witness a rare natural phenomenon.D. Because he didn’t suffer from decompression sickness.Keys: 56-59 CCDCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In the world of higher education in the United States, competition seems more common than schools working together. Every college and university competes for students, as well as the best teachers and money for research programs.But one thing almost every school has in common is the difficulty they face in serving low-income students. The National Center for Education Statistics reports that low-income college students are less likely to complete their study programs than other students.It was only natural that the leaders of Michigan State University and ten other universities discussed this issue when they met in 2014. The 11 schools are spread across the United Sates and serve different populations and needs. But their leaders all saw improving graduation rates for all students as the biggest problem facing American higher education.So the group created an organization called the University Innovation Alliance or UIA for sharing information related to this problem. Its main goal is to get 68,000 more students at the member schools to graduate by 2025, with at least half of those studentsbeing low-income. The 11 schools now say their number of graduates has increased by over 7,200 in just three years. This includes an almost 25 percent increase in the number of low-income graduates.How were they able to make this happen? It began with each university looking at its own situation and finding out what it had been doing right and what it had been doing wrong.For example, before joining the UIA, academic advising at Michigan State mostly involved reacting to problems students faced after the problems had already arisen. Then school officials heard about a computer program that fellow UIA member Georgia State University was using. This computer program follows decisions students make about their classes and the progress they are making in their studies. It then sends academic advisors messages whenever a student shows signs that they are making mistakes or facingdifficulties. Hat way the advisors can try to help students before the problems become too serious. Michigan State began using the computer program and it has meant a world of difference.Michigan States has not only received useful。

2018年上海市普陀区高三英语二模试题(2018年.4)

考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection A 10%Directions: In Section A. you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answer on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Cold B. Sunny C. Rainy D. Cloudy2. A. 110 minutes B. 120 minutes C. 130 minutes D. 140 minutes3. A. Shop assistant and customer B. Boss and assistantC. Professor and studentD. Husband and wife4. A. In a meeting room B. In a reference roomC. At a booking officeD. At a police station5. A. A movie B. A lecture C. A play D. A speech6. A. The woman shouldn’t be so upset B. He’s an hour later for the interview.C. The woman should be patientD. He’s too nervous to calm down7. A. The man is intelligent enough B. The man does not work hard enoughC. The man should get some sleepD. The man is hard-working.8. A. He doesn’t enjoy business trips as much as he used to.B. He wants to spend more time with his familyC. He doesn’t think he is capable of doing the jobD. He thinks the pay is too low to support his family9. A. The woman doesn’t have money for her son’s graduate studiesB The woman doesn’t think her son will get a business degreeC. The woman insists that her son should major in science.D. The woman advises her son to think twice before making his decision10. A. It ran into another car B. It fell into a river and sankC. It broke down on the roadD. It left the road and landed in a fieldSection B 15%Directions: In Section B. you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions o n each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following recording.11. A. Noise B. Smoking C. Litter D. Drinking12. A. A tour guide B. A conductor C. A teacher D. A lawyer13. A. To prepare people for international travelB. To make the laws of different kindsC. To inform people of the punishment for breaking lawsD. To give advice to travelers to the countryQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following recording14. A Conference with the course tutor B. Active attendance and commitmentC. Punctuality and politenessD. Debate and essay preparation15. A. Inform the teacher in advance B. Just do not choose the courseC. Drop out of the courseD. Make it up later16. A. One that is written by hand B. One that is originalC. One that is revise by the tutorD. One that keeps to the instructionsQuestions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. His knees and fingers ache B. He doesn’t feel like eatingC. He can’t sleep very wellD. His blood pressure is high18. A. She asks him to have injections and a treatment with raysB. She asks him to have an operation and a treatment with raysC. She asks him to have a good rest and a treatment with raysD. She asks him to have some herbal medicine and a treatment with rays19. A. Every day for seven weeks B. Three times a week for seven weeksC. Three times a weeks for three weeksD. Twenty times for two weeks20. A. Use hot water pads B. Sit by the stoveC. Drink cold waterD. Take cold baths.II. Grammar and vocabularySection A 10%Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Jim ThompsonJim Thompson’s life story is one of success, achievement, and finally mystery because no one knows how it ended.Thompson was born in Delaware(21)_____ the east coast of the United States in 1906. After finishing high school, Thompson went to Princeton University and later studied architecture at the University of Pennsylvania. After graduation, Jim Thompson worked as an architect in New York City until 1940. Not long after this, he volunteered(22)______ (serve)in the U.S. Army. During World War II, Thompson gathered intelligence for the army in Thailand. It was this first taste of life in the Far East(23)______ changed Thompson’s life. He saw opportunities to develop tourism there, becoming(24)______ (involve)in an ambitious scheme to restore the Oriental Hotel.While the hotel plan fell through, by that time Thompson had hit upon another scheme that would eventually make him a millionaire. While traveling around Thailand, he came across(25)____ he considered exquisite(精美的)samples of handwoven Thai silk, a product that(26)_____(become)rare. He persuaded the weavers to work with him and marketed the silk in New York, (27)______ it became very popular. As a consequence, the Thai silk industry was revived(复兴)and the business made Thompson and some of the weavers very wealthy.With his success in the silk business, Jim Thompson continued his original interest in architecture on the side. He found six traditional Thai houses and had(28)_____ brought to Bangkok and reassembled there as one magnificent house. Today, not only is it a beautiful house inside and out, (29)______ it is also filled with the works of art Thompson collected.In 1967 during a holiday in Malaysia, he went for a walk in the Jungle and disappeared forever. To this day, no clues(30)____(find)as to what happened to this wealthy American businessman who is credited with single-handedly reviving the Thai silk industry.Section B10%Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each wordMentally and Intellectually HarmfulLast month, the Indian Medical Association declared a public health emergency in New Delhi because of high levels of air pollution. Schools were shut and emergency traffic restrictions put in place.New Delhi is far from alone. Our research into the___31___ of air pollution in China shows that, in addition to the more obvious physical price, air pollution can also have serious negative effects on mental health and cognition (认知),___ 32___ reducing a person’s happiness and their scores in verbal and mathematical tests.Such harmful mental effects have serious negative consequences for livelihoods and human capital development, suggesting that development___33____ should go beyond the traditional focus of boosting GDP in the developing world.India's recent pollution emergency is the most___34___ incidence(发生率)of dangerous air pollution, but smoggy skies have been a cause of growing___35____ in most developing countries.Major cities across the developing world---from Thailand to Brazil, to Nigeria---___36____ experience pollution at several times the WHO safe limits. In fact, 98% of cities with more than 100.000___37___ in low and middle-income countries fail to meet the WHO’s air quality guidelines.India’s extreme levels of air pollution are well recognized, and examining the effects provides clear warnings for other countries seeking fast growth through rapid industrialization.We used nationally ___38___ longitudinal (纵向)surveys on mental health and cognition, matched with daily air quality data for the time and place of interviews, to see what pollution does in a given time to individual happiness and cognitive performance. Because each person in our survey was __39___multiple times, we can control for the effect of individual characteristics on the outcome variables.We found that worsening air quality led to a decrease in happiness that day__40___to about 10 percent of the reduced happiness one would experience form a negative major life event such as divorce.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A15%Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Globalization: Good or Bad?Globalization is defined in many ways .One simple __41__is that it is the rapid increase in international free trade, investment, and technological exchange. It is argued that this international trade has been one of the main causes of world economic __42___over the past half century. Although there is little doubt that the global economy has developed enormously in the last 50 years, some people believe that this trend has only benefited certain countries, and that others have suffered as a result.Improved income?An argument__43___globalization is that the benefits of increased international trade are shared among everyone in the country. An example of this is China, where per capita income(人均收入)rose from about $1400 in 1980 to over $4000 by 2000.___44____per capita income rose by over 100% in India between 1980 and 1996. It would appear that countries which open their doors to world trade tend to become___45____ .However, these sorts of___46__might not be giving a true picture. They are “average”, and despite the fact that there has been a substantial increase I n income for a small minority of people, the vast majority have only seen a___47___improvement.More imports, more exportsSupporters of free trade point out that there is another direct benefit to be gained from an increase in international trade: exports___48___imports. Take coffee as an example. Countries which produce and export coffee import the packaging for it: a(n) ___49__ trade which enables commerce to develop in two countries at the same time.___50___ maintain that, in general, it is poorer countries that produce and export food such as coffee, and richer countries that produce and export manufactured goods such as packaging materials. Furthermore, it is the richer countries that control the price of good and, ____51___, farmers may be forced to sell their produce at a low price and to buy manufactured goods at a high price.___52___developmentFinally, globalization often___53___ a country to concentrate on industries which are already successful. These countries develop expertise(专门技能)and increase their share in the international market. On the other hand, those countries which___54___ to support all their industries usually do not develop expertise in any one. Consequently, these countries do not find a world market for their goods and do not increase their gross domestic product(GDP).Anti-globalists claim that there is a serious problem in this argument for the ___55___ of industry. Countries which only concentrate on one or two main industries are forced to import other goods. These imported good are frequently overpriced, and these countries, therefore, have a tendency to accumulate huge debts.41. A. indication B. principle C. definition D. factor42. A. systems B. solution C. crisis D. growth43. A. in favor of B. on account of C. with regard to D. in honour of44. A. Fortunately B. Similarly C. Undoubtedly D. Unusually45. A. freer B. greater C. stronger D. wealthier46. A. figures B. descriptions C. countries D. benefits47. A. severe B. slight C. further D. general48. A. overtake B. qualify C. fight D. require49. A. two-way B. all-inclusive C. official D. legal50. A. Supporters B. Advocates C. Critics D. Authorities51. A. otherwise B. nevertheless C. therefore D. besides52. A. Global B. Industrial C. National D. Economical53. A. encourages B. restricts C. forbids D. forces54. A. stop B. continue C. fail D. refuse55. A. globalization B. transformation C. specialization D. identificationSection B22%Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by severalquestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AThe Harlem RenaissanceThe word “renaissance” means “rebirth”. The Harlem Renaissance took place during the 1920s. It was a time when the African American artistic community grew and flourished, producing a ton of work in a short period of time. The work celebrated African American culture and spoke to their experiences as minorities---both the good parts and the bad parts.After the Civil War, many African Americans left the South to escape unfair treatment and laws that discriminated against them. Between 1910 and 1920, massive numbers of black Southerners moved from the rural south into the urban North and West in the Great Migration. The African American population of Chicago more than doubled during that time! And in New York, African Americans flocked to uptown Manhattan, setting in a neighborhood called Harem. Forming a community within the big city let African Americans keep their cultural identity in a white-dominated society. It was a good thing, and a lot of important cultural issues were brought to light during the Harlem Renaissance. One of the most important figures of the time was the African American writer, W. E.B Du Bois. In his book, The Souls of Back Folk, in 1903, Du Bois wrote that African Americans suffered from something called “double consciousness”. They had their own self-image while they saw themselves through the eyes of white Americans. And performers like Josephine Baker and Paul Robeson brought African American culture to all New Yorkers. The Renaissance was so influential that “Harlem” grew into something of a brand name African Americans were pushing boundaries across all aspects of society. Black businesses began to flourish, creating a growing middle class, like Madame C.J. Walker, who tuned her cosmetics line into a million dollar empire. All together, the artists, and thinkers of this period helped mobilize the larger black population. Young African-Americans took advantage of improved access to higher education. This opened up new career paths and opportunities to attain advanced degrees. Perhaps most importantly, people---black and white---began the push for racial integration, planting the seeds of what would eventually become the civil rights movement of the 1960s.56. Why did many African Americans leave the South after the Civil War?A. To escape slaveryB. To find jobs in agricultureC. To avoid racial discriminationD. To gain citizenship57. How did W.E.B. Du Bois contribute to the Harlem Renaissance?A. He led to movement to return to AfricaB. He composed folk music based on African American themeC. He wrote plays about the African-American experienceD. He wrote about the struggle for African-American identity58. What can you infer about the economic status of African Americans prior to theHarlem Renaissance?A. Nearly all were unemployed at that timeB. The vast majority were considered lower classC. Most were regarded as middle classD. A large percentage were recognized as wealthy59. What actor allowed many more Africa Americans to pursue careers in fields like medicine and law?A. Spread of black businessesB. Access to higher educationC. Shift from agriculture to industryD. Push for unity among all AfricansB60. A traveler will enjoy a performance if he chooses ________.A. the Essential TourB. the Backstage TourC. Opera High TeaD. any of the tours61. Joining the Backstage Tour, a traveler _____.A. is allowed to wear sneakers when standing on the stageB. will have an opportunity to be the conductor of the orchestraC. can take his big family of 8 members to free breakfastD. can buy the discount ticket the day before the tour62. If a couple who travelled with their 17-year-old son joined the Essential Tour and had a meal of $150 there ,what would the lowest cost be if paid in cash?A. $203.25B. $214.5C. $225D. $239.25CA sensational new scientific discovery in the ocean near Australia may explain the most massive extinction of living things in Earth’s his tory. For years, scholars have been frustrated in trying to analyze why 90 to 95 percent of sea life and 75 percent of and life vanished about 250 million years ago. The extinctions were so enormous that they are called The Great Dying. To date, some authorities on ancient life thought that a volcanic eruption or a sudden change in the environment affected all life on Earth. Other specialists have doubted these theories, maintaining that it was not plausible that a solo volcano could bring about such chaos. From the outset, critics believed these claims were exaggerated.By contrast, there is wide acceptance of the idea that a meteor (流星)which hit Mexico’s Yucatan peninsula 65 million years ago was the primary cause of the dinosaurs’ extinction. Nevertheless, until now they had no evidence of an intense meteor impact 185 mill on years earlier. Now they do.American geologists have been examining rock samples from a deep sea crater (火山口)near the northwest coast of Australia. The samples were initially collected and preserved by petroleum technicians seeking oil. Now the geologists and their colleagues believe that the precise splits in th e rock’s structure show a typical pattern for meteors. There is a clear distinction from volcanic patterns. In fact, a spokesperson went so far as to say that these rocks completely revise the way scientists perceive the mass extinctions from the ancient era. Academics say that the meteor’s crater s the size of Mount Qomolangma,the highest mountain on Earth! Literally, the meteor made a mark on Earth as it drowned in the sea. The Earth could not absorb such a harsh blow without sustaining global devastation. Things must have come to a standstill. Evidently, the blow was fatal for many forms of life.Bear in mind that all this was long before mammals---including humans--emerged in Earth’s history.Still, we would be wise to pay attention to the damage a meteor can cause. Fortunately, meteor strikes on Earth are few and far between.63. The word “plausible” (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to“______”.A. availableB. incredibleC. reasonableD. ridiculous64. Why didn’t the meteor affect human bei ngs?A. Because they were very resistantB. Because there weren’t any thenC. Because they lived in isolated areasD. Because they hid themselves in the caves65. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Scholars agreed that a single volcano caused The Great DyingB. 75 percent of land life continued 250 million years agoC. Volcanic rocks and meteors have different patternsD. When the meteor hit land Mount Qomolangma sprang up.66. What is the best title for the passageA. The Dinosaurs’ EndB. Crater on QomolangmaC. Contradictory ClaimsD. A Meteor’s ImpactSection C8%Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Blind imitation is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their unique worth, imitation appears attractive; to those who know their strength, imitation is unacceptable.In the early stages of skill or character development imitation is helpful. When I first learned to cook. I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes. But soon I grew bored. ____67______Imitating role models is like using training wheels on a child’s bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them.___68_____If, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others.In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen. But when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. _____69_____Blessed is the person willing to at on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them.____70_____The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination.Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not serve you. Then you can say, “I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors’ tragedies and declare victory, and know that they are cheering me on.”IV. Summary Writing 10%Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Better Memory Causes BoredomA new study shows that the better your short-term memory, the faster you feel fed up and decide you’ve had enough. The findings appear in the Journal of Consumer Research.Noelle Nelson, assistant professor of marketing and consumer behavior at the University of Kansas School of Business. She and her colleague Joseph Redden at the University of Minnesota tried to think outside the lunch box. “Something that was interesting to me is that some people get tired of things at very different rates. When you think about pop songs on the radio, some people must still be enjoying them and requesting them even after hearing them a lot. But a lot of other people are really sick of those same songs.”The difference, the researchers supposed, might have to do with memories of past consumption.The researchers tested the memory capacity of undergraduates. The students then viewed a repeating series of three classic paintings like The Starry Night, American Gothic, and The Scream or listened and re-listened to a series of three pop songs or three pieces of classical music. Throughout the test, the participants were asked to rate their experience on a scale of zero to ten. And the better a participant scored in the memory test, the faster they got bored.“We found that people with larger capacities remembered more about the music or art, which led to them getting tired of the music or art more quickly. So remembering more details actually made the participants feel like they’d experienced the music or art more often.”The findings suggest that marketers could cope with our desire for their products by figuring out ways to distract us and keep us from fully remembering our experiences. We could also trick ourselves into eating less junk food by recalling the experience of a previous snack. As for kids easily bored, just tell them to forget about it---it might help them have more fun.V. Translation 15%Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.比起节食，我宁愿多做运动来减肥。

上海市普陀区2018届高三英语二模试卷及答案

普陀区2017 学年度第二学期期终教学质量监控测试高三英语试卷2018.04考生注意：1. 考试时间120 分钟，试卷满分140 分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

第 I 卷(共100 分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection A 10%Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between tow speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. Af t er you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the f o ur possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Cold. B. Sunny. C. Rainy. D. Cloudy.2.A. 110 minutes. B. 120 minutes. C. 130 minutes. D. 140 minutes.3. A. Shop assistant and customer. B. Boss and assistant.C. Professor and student.D. Husband and w i fe.4. A.In a meeting room. B.In a reference room.C. At a booking office.D. At a police stat i on.5. A. A movie. B. A lecture. C. A play. D. A speech.6. A.The w o man shouldn't be so upset. B. He's an hour late for the interview.C. The w o man should be patient.D. He's too nervous to calm dow n.7. A. The man is intelligent enough. B. The man does not w o rk hard enough.C. The man should get some sleep.D. The man is hard-w o rking.8. A. He doesn't enjoy business trips as much as he used to.B. He w ants to spend more time w ith his family.C.He doesn't think he is capable of doing the job.D. He thinks the pay is too Iow to support his family.9. A. The w o man doesn't have money for her son's graduate studies.B. The w o man doesn't think her son w i ll get a business degree.C. The w o man insists that her son should major in science.D. The w o man advises her son to think tw i ce before making his decision.10. A.It ran into another car. B. It fell into a river and sank.C.It broke dow n on road.D. It Ieft the road and landed in a field.Section B 15%Directions: In Section B,you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages an d the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear aquestion,read the f o ur possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following recording.11.A. Noise. B.Smoking. C. Litter. D. Drinking.12. A. A tour guide. B.A conductor. C. A teacher. D. A law y er.13. A. To prepare people for international travel.B. TQ make the laws of different kinds.C. To inform people of the punishment for breaking law s.D. To give advice to travelers to the country.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following recording.14. A. Conference w i th the course tutor. B. Active attendance and commitment.C. Punctuality and politen e ss.D. Debate and essay preparation.15. A. Inform the teacher in advance. B. Just do not choose the course.C. Drop out of the course.D. Make it up later16. A. One that is written by hand. B. One that is original.C. One that is revised by the tutor.D. One that keeps to the instructions.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. His knees and fingers ache. B. He doesn't feel like eat i ng.C. He.can't sleep very w e ll.D. His blood pressure is high.18. A. She asks him to have injections and a treatment w i th rays.B. She asks him to have an operation and a treatment w i th rays.C. She asks him to have a good rest and a treatment w i th rays.D. She asks him to have some herbal medicine and a treatment w i th rays.19.A.Every day for seven w e eks. B.Three times a w e ek for seven w e eks.C. Three times a w e ek for three w e eks.D. Tw e nty times for tw o w e eks.20. A. Use hot w a ter pads. B. Sit by the stove.C. Drink cold w a ter.D. Take cold baths.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Af ter reading the passage below, f ill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, f ill in each blank with the proper f orm of the given word; f o r the other blanks, use one word that best f i ts each blank.Jim ThompsonJim Thompson’s life story is one of success, achievement, and finally mystery because no oneknow s how it ended.Thompson w as born in Delaw are (2l)the east coast of the United States in1906. Afterfin ishing h igh school, Thompson w ent to Princeton Univ ersity and later studied architecture at theUnivers ity of Pennsylvania. After graduation, Jim Thompson w orked as an architect in New Y orkCity until 1940. Not long after this, he volunteered (22) _(serve) in the U.S. Army. During World War II, Thompson gathered intellig ence for the army in Thailand, It w as this first taste of life in the Far East (23)changed Thompson's life. He saw opportunities to develop tourism there,becoming (24)(involve) in an amb i tious scheme to restore the Oriental Hotel.While the hotel plan fell through, by that time Thompson had hit upon another schemethatw o uld eventually make him a million a ire. While traveling around Thailand, he came across (25)he considered exquisite(精美的)samples ofhandw o ven Thai silk, a product that (26)(become) rare. He persuaded the w e avers to w o rk w i th him and marketed the silk in New York, (27)it became very popular. As a consequence, the Thai silk industry w a s revived(复兴)and thebusiness made Thompson and some of the w e avers very w e althy.With his success in the silk business, Jim Thompson continued his orig inal interest in architecture on the side. He found six tradition al Thai houses and had (28) brought to Bangkok and reassembled there as one magnificent house. Today, not only is it a beaut iful house inside and out, (29) it is also filled w i th the w o rks of art Thompson collected.In 1967 during a holiday in Malaysia, he w ent for a w alk in the Jungle and disappeared forever. To this day, no clues (30)(find) as to w hat happened to this w ealthy Amer ican businessman w h o is credited w i th single-handed l y reviv i ng the Thai silk industry.Section BDirections: Complete the f o llowing passage by using the wo r d s in the box. Each word can onlybe used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. ConcernB.dramaticC. equivalentD. frequentlyE.impactF.imposedG. representative H. observed I.residents J. signif i cantly K. strategiesMentally and Intellectually HarmfulLast month, the Indian Med ical Association declared a public health emergency in New Delh iof high levels of air pollution. Schools w ere shut and emergency traffic restrictions put in place.New Delhi is far from alone. Our research into the31of air pollut i on in Chin a shows that, in addit i on to the more obvious physical price, air pollution can also have serious negative effectson mental health and cognition(认知),32reducing a person's happiness and their scores in verbal and mathematical tests.Such harmful mental effects have serious negative consequences for livelihoods and humancapital development, suggesting that development 33 should go beyond the tradition al focus ofboosting GDP in the develop i ng w o rld.India’s recent pollut i on emergency is the most 34 incidence （发生率）of dangerous air pollut i on, but smoggy skies have been a cause of grow i ng 35 in most developing countries.Major cities across the developing w orld — from Thailand, to Brazil, to Nigeria —36 experience pollut i on at several times the WHO safe lim i ts. In fact, 98% of cities w i th more than 100,000 37 in low and middle- income countries fail to meet the WHO’s air quality guidelines.India’s extreme levels of air pollut ion are w ell recognized, and examin ing the effects provides clear w a rnings for other countries seeking fast grow t h through rapid industrializat i on.We used nationally38 longitud i na（l纵向）surveys on mental health and cognition, matched w ith daily air quality data for the time and place of interview s, to see w hat pollut ion does in a given time to indiv idual happiness and cognitive performance. Because each person in our survey w as 39 multip le times, w e can control for the effect of indiv idual characteristics on the outcome variables.We found that w o rsening air quality led to a decrease in happiness that day40 to about 10percent of the reduced happiness one w ould experience from a negative major life event such as divorce.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the f ollowing passage there are f our words or phrases marked A,B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best f i ts the context.Glo b alization: Good or Bad?Globalizat ion is defined in many w ays. One simple 41 is that it is the rapid increase in internat ional free trade, investment, and technological exchange. It is argued that this internat ional trade has been one of the main causes of w orld economic 42 over the past half century.Although there is litt le doubt that the global economy has developed enormously in the last 50 years, some people believe that this trend has only benefited certain countries, and that others havesuffered as a result.Improved income?An argument43globalization is that the benefits of increased international trade areshared among everyone in the country. An example of this is China, w here per capita income( 人均收入)rose from about $1400 in 1980 to over $4000 by 2000. 44_, per capita income rosy byover 100% in India betw een 1980 and 1996. It w ould appear that countries w hich open their doorsto w o rld trade tend to become45 .How ever, these sorts of 46 might not be giving a true picture. They are "average", anddespite the fact that there has been a substantial increase in income for a small minor ity of people,the vast major i ty have only seen a47 improvement.More imports, more exportsSupporters of free trade point out that there is another direct benefit to be gained from anincrease in internat ional trade: exports 48 imports. Take coffee as an example. Countries w hichproduce and export coffee import the packaging for it : a(n) 49 trade w hich enables commerceto develop in tw o countries at the same time.50 maintain that, in general, it is poorer countries that produce and export food such ascoffee, and richer countries that produce and export manufactured goods such as packagingmaterials. Furthermore, it is the richer countries that control the price of goods and, 51 , farmersmay be forced to sell their produce at a low price and to buy manufactured goads at a high price.52 developmentFinally,globalization often 53 a country to concentrate on industries w hich arealready successful. Thesecountriesdevelop expertise(专门技能) and increasetheir share in the international market. On the other hand, those countries w hich_54 to support all their industriesusually do not develop expert ise in anyone. Consequently, thesecountries do not finda w orldmarket for their foods and do not increase their gross domestic product (GDP).Ant i-glob alists claim that there is a serious problem in this argument for the_ 55 of industry.Countries w hich onlyconcentrate onone or two main industries are forced to import other goods. Theseimported goods are frequentlyoverpriced, and these countries, therefore, have a tendency toaccumulate huge debts.41. A. ind i cation42. A. systems43. A. in favor of B. princip l eB. solutionB. on account ofC. definit i onC. crisesC. w i th regard ofD. factorD. grow t hD. in honor of44. A. Fortunately B. Sim i larly C. Undoubtedly D. Unusually45. A. freer B. greater C. stronger D. w e althier46. A. figures B. descriptions C. countries D. benefits47. A. severe B. slight C. further D. general48. A. overtake49. A. tw o-w a y B. qualifyB. all- inclusiv eC. fightC. officialD. requireD. legal50. A. Supporters B. Advocates C. Critics D. Authorit i es51. A. otherw i se B. nevertheless C. therefore D. besides52. A. Global B. Industrial C. National D. Economical53. A. encourages54. A. stop B. restrictsB. continueC. forbidsC. failD. forcesD. refuse55. A. globalizat i on B. transformation C. specialization D. identif i cationSection B 22% .Directions: Read the f ollowing three passages. Each passage is f ollowed by several questions or unf inished statements.For each of them there are f our choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that f i ts best according to the inf o rmation given in the passage you havejust read.(A)The Harlem RenaissanceThe w o rd "renaissance" means "rebirth." The Harlem Renaissance took place during the 1920s.It w as a time w hen the African American artistic community grew and flour ished, producing a ton of w ork in a short period of time. The w ork celebrated African American culture and spoke to their experiences as minorities ---both the good parts and the bad parts.After the Civ il War, many African Americans left the South to escape unfair treatment and Iaws that discriminated against them. Betw een 1910 and 1920, massive numbers of black Southerners moved from the rural south into the urban North. and West in th e Great Migrat ion. The African American popu lat ion of Chicago more than doub led during th at time! And in New Y ork, African Americans flocked to uptow n Manhattan, settling in a neighborhood called Har lem. Forming a community w ithin the big city let African Amer icans keep their cultural ident ity in a w hite-dominated society. It w as a good thing, and a lot of important cultural issues w ere brought to light during the Harlem Renaissance. One of the most important figures of the time w as the African Amer ican w riter, W.E.B. Du Bois. In his book, The Souls of BlackFolk, in 1903, Du Bois w rote that African-Americans_suffered from something_called“doub le consciousness”. They had their ow n self-image w hile they saw themselves through the eyes or w hite Amer icans. And performers likeJosephine Baker and Paul Rob eson brought African Amer ican culture to all New Y orkers. The Renaissance w a s so influential that "Har l em " grew into something of a brand name, African Americans w ere pushing boundaries across all aspects of s ociety. Black business began to flourish, creating a grow ing middle class, like Madame CJ. Walker w ho turned her cosmetics line into a million do llar empire. All together, the artists, and thinkers of this period j helped mob i lize the larger black population. Y oung African- Americans took advantage ofimproved access to higher education. This opened up new career paths and opportunities to attain advanced degrees. Perhaps most importantly, people - black and w hite - began the push for racial integrat i on, planting the seeds of w h at w o uld eventually become the civil rights movement of the 1960s.56. Why did many African Amer i cans leave the South after the Civil War?A. To escape slavery.B. To find jobs in agriculture.C. To avoid racial discrimin a tion.D. To gain citizenship.57. How did W.E.B. Du Bo i s contribute to the Harlem Renaissance?A. He led to movement to return to Africa.B. He composed.folk music.based on African American theme.C. He w r ote plays about the African-American experience.D. He w r ote about the struggleforAfrican-Amcrican identity.58. What can you infer about the economic status ofAfrican American prior to the Harlem Renaissance?A. Nearly all w e re unemployed at that time.B. The vast majority w e re considered low e r class.C.Most w e re regarded.as.middle class. ~D. A large percentage w e re recognized as w e althy,59.What factor allow e d many more African Americans to pursue careers in fields like medicine and law ?A. Spread of black businesses.B. Access to higher education.C.Shift from agriculture toindustry.D. Push for unity among all Afr i cans.(B)We offer three different tours of this iconic build i ngs.The Essential T our brings to life the story behind the design and constructionof one of the w orld's most ing interactive audio-v isual technology, your guide w ill take you on a memorable journey ins ide the youngest budding ever to be WorldHer i tage listed.Afterw a rds, w h y not stay around and eat at the Studio Cafe, w i th its modern Australian menu? Y ou can both enjoythe best views in Sydney and claim a 20% reduction on the total cost of yourmeal. (Don't forget to show your ticket in order to claim your discount.)Language: English, French, GermanT ak e s place: Daily betw e en 9am and 5pmPrices: Adult $35/Online $29.75Concessions: Australiansen i ors and pensioners; students and children of 16 and under $24.50 Prior bookings are not essential.The Backstage T our gives you backstage access to the Sydney Opera House.It is a unique opportunity to experience the real- life dramas behind the stage! Y ou might ev e n get to stand onthe concert hall stage, take up a conductor's baton in the orchestra pit and imagin e you are leading the performance. Y ou w i ll also get to see inside the stars' dressing rooms.The tour concludes w ith a compliment ary breakfast in the Green Room, The private din i ng area of performers past and present.T ak e s place: Dally a t 7amPrices: $155. No concessions.T o purchase: Bookings are essentiaL.Lim i ted to 8 peopIe per tourOnline sales expire at 4:30 pm tw o days prior.Notes: The tour includes up to 300 steps. FIat, rubber-soled shoes must be w orn, For safety reasons, children of 12 years old and under are not permitted.Opera High T ea consists of a tour w here you w ill w alk in the footsteps of w orld-class singers, dancers and musicians, follow ed by finefood and music in the spectacular surroundings of the Bennelong D in ing Room. What could be better than a treat of delicious light snacks and soft drinks follow e d by a live recital by a leading A ustralian singer!An unforgettable treat for young and old!T akes place: Every second Wed., 2pm .Duration:1.5 hoursPrices: $145 per person ,Book online or visit the Guided Tours Desk60.A traveler w i ll en j oy a performance if he choose .A.the Essential TourB.the Backstage TourC. Opera High TeaD.any of the tours61.Joiningthe Backstage Tour, a traveler .A.is allow e d to w e ar sneakers ' w h en standing on the stage. .B. w i ll have an opportunity to be the conductor ofthe orchestra.C. can take his big family of 8 members to free breakfast.D. can buy the discount ticket the day before the tour.62. If a couple w ho travelled w ith their 17-year-old son joined the Essential Tour and had a meal of$150 there. w h at w o uld the low e st cost be if paid in cash?A.$203.25.B.$214.5.C.$225.D.$239.25.(C)A sensational new scientific discovery in the ocean near Australia may explain the most massive extinction of liv ing th ings in Earth's history. For years, scholars have been frustrated in trying to analyze w hy 90 to 95 percent of sea life and 75 per cent of land life van ished about 250 million years ago. The extinctions w ere so enormous that they are called The Great Dying. To date ,some authorities on ancient life thought that a volcanic eruption or a sudden change in the environment affected all life on Earth. Other specialists have doubted these theories, maintaining that it w as not plausible that a solo volcano could bring about such chaos. From the outset, critics believed these claims w e re exaggeratedBy contrast, there is w i de acceptance of the idea that a meteor (流星) w h ich hit Mexico's Y ucatan peninsula 65million yearsago w a s the primary cause of the dinosaurs'extinction.Nevertheless, until now they had no evidence of an intense meteor impact 185 million years earlier.Now they do.American geolog i sts have been examining rock samples from a deep sea crater （火山口）nearthe northw est coast of Australia. The samples w ere init ially collected and preserved by petroleum technicians seeking o il. Now the geologists and their colleagu es believe that the precise splits in therocks' structure show a typical pattern for meteors. There is a clear distinction from volcanicpatterns. In fact, a spokesperson w ent so far as to say that these rocks completely rev ise the w ay scientists perceive the mass extinctions from the ancient era. Academics say that the meteor's crater is the size of Mount Qomolangma, the highest mountain on Earth! Literally, the meteor made a mark on Earth as it drow ned in the sea. The Earth could not absorb such a harsh blow w ithout sustaining glob al devastation. Things must have come to a standstill. Evid ently, the blow w a s fatal for many forms of life.Bear in mind that all this w as long before mammals ---including humans-emerged in Earth's history. Still, w e w ould be w ise to pay attention to the damage a meteor can cause. Fortunately,meteor strikes on Earth are few and far betw e en.63.The w o rd "plausib l e" (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to .A.availab l eB.incredib l eC.reasonableD.ridiculous64. Why didn't the meteor affect human being?A. Because they w e re very resistant.B, Because there w e ren't any then. .C. Because they lived in isolated areas.D. Because they hid themselves in the caves.65. Which of the follow i ng is TRUE according to the passage?A. Scholars agreed that a single vo l cano caused The Great Dying.B. 75 percent of land life continued 250 million years agoC, V olcan i c rocks and meteors have different patterns.D. When the meteor hit land, Mount Qomolangma sprang up. .66. What is the best title for the passage? .A. The Dinosaurs' End.B. Crater on Qomolangma.C. Contradictory Claims.D.A Meteor'slmpact .SectionC 8%Directions: Read the passage caref ully. Fill in each blank with a proper senten ce given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two moresentences than you need.A. In daily life, imitat i on can hurt us if w e subconsciously hold poor role models.B. Creative people have an endless resource of ideas.C. Itis how to use imaginat i on creatively that troubles us.D. Why follow someone else's w a y of cooking w h en I could create my ow n?E. But if you begin to enter this field,im i tat i on proves useful. -F. If you are going to follow someone, focus on their talent, not their bad character orunacceptablebehaviors.Blind imitat ion is self-destruction. To those w ho do not recognize their unique w orth, im i tat i on appears attractive; to those w h o know their strength, imitation is unacceptable.In the early stages of skill or character development, imitat ion is he lpful. When I first learned to cook, I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes. But soon I grew bored. 67 .Imitating role models is like using train ing w heels on a child's bicycle; they help you get going,but once you find your ow n balance, you fly faster and farther w i thout relying on them.68 .If, as a child, you observed people w h ose lives w e re bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow w hat they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you w i ll get the results of the w e ak choices of others.In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebr ities. Those stars took great on screen. But w h en they step off screen, their personallives may be disastrous. 69 .Blessed is the person w i lling to act on their sudden desire to create something unique, Think ofthe movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations w ere motivated by inspirat ion, not desper ation.The w orld is changed not by those w ho do w hat has been done before them,but by those w ho do w hat has been done inside them. 70 . The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is w hat to do w i th the material knocking at the door ofimaginat i on.Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind w hat does not serveyou. Then you can say, "I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors' tragedies and declare victory, and know that they are cheering me on."IV. Summary Writing 10%Directions: Read the f o llowing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own wo r dsas f a r aspossibleBetter Memory Causes BoredomA new study show s that the better your short-term memory, the faster you feel fed up and decideyou’vehad enough.the findings appear in the Journal ofConsumer research.Noelle Nelson, assistant professor of marketing and consumer behavior at the University of Kansas School of Business. She and her colleague Joseph Redden at the University of Minnesota tried to think outside the lunch box. "Something that w as interesting to me is that some people get tired of thingsatvery-different rates. When you think about pop songs on the radio, some people must still be enjoy ing them and requesting them even after hearing them a lot. But a lot of other people are really sick of those same songs." The difference, the researchers supposed, might have to do w i th memories ofpast consumption.The researchers testedthe memory capacity of undergraduates. The students then view ed a repeating series of three classic paintings...like The Starry Night, American Gothic, and The Scream...or listened and re-listened to a series of three pop songs...or three pieces of classicalmusic. Throughout the test, the participants w e re asked to rate their experience on a scale of zero to ten. And the better a participant scored in the memory test, the faster they got bored."We found that people w ith larger capacities remembered more about the music or art, w hich led to them getting tired of the music or art more quickly.So remembering more details actually made the participants feel like they'd experienced the music or art more often." The findings suggest that marketers could cope w ith our desire for their products by figuring out w ays to distract us and keep us from fully remembering our experiences. We could also trick ourselves into eating less junk food by recalling the experience of a previous snack. As for kids easily bored, just tell them to forget about it-it mjght help them_have more fun.V. T ranslation 15%Directions: Translate the f o llowing sentences into English. using the words given in the brackets.72.比起节食,我宁愿多做运动来减肥。

【高三英语试题精选】2018上海市普陀区高三英语下学期质量调研(二模)试卷(附答案)

2018上海市普陀区高三英语下学期质量调研（二模）试卷（附答案）普陀区ine countries fail to meet the WHO’s air quality guidelinesIndia’s extreme levels of air pollution are well recognized, and examining the effects provides clear warnings for other countries seeking fast growth through rapid industrialization We used nationally __38__ longitudinal (纵向) surveys on mental health and cognition, matched with daily air quality data for the time and place of interviews, to see what pollution does in a given time to individual happiness and cognitive performance Because each person in our survey was __39__ multiple times, we can control for the effect of individual characteristics on the oute variablesWe found that worsening air quality led to a decrease in happiness that day __40__ to about 10 percent of the reduced happiness one would experience from a negative major life event such as divorceIII Reading prehensionSection A 15%Directions For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context Globalization Good or Bad?Globalization is defined in many ways One simple __41__ is that it is the rapid increase in international free trade, investment, and technological exchange It is argued that this international trade has been one of the main causes of world。

2018年上海市普陀区高三二模作文

2018年上海市普陀区高三二模作文在我们的生活中，与他人进行各种比较是一种常见的现象。

有人认为这种比较是人性的劣根，会带来烦恼，应该努力避免。

然而，我认为与他人进行比较并不是一件坏事，只要我们能够进行良性的比较，就能够从中获得很多好处。

首先，与他人进行比较能够帮助我们找到自己的不足之处。

通过比较，我们能够看到自己与他人的差距，从而找到自己的不足之处。

这种发现不足的过程能够激发我们的斗志，让我们更加努力地去追求自己的目标。

其次，与他人进行比较能够帮助我们找到自己的榜样。

在比较的过程中，我们会发现有些人比我们做得更好，他们就是我们的榜样。

通过研究他们的优点，我们能够不断提升自己，让自己变得更加出色。

当然，与他人进行比较也有一些需要避免的方面。

比如说，我们应该避免过度地在物质、名利上进行比较，这种攀比只会让我们感到更加焦虑和不快。

此外，在比较的过程中，我们也应该避免过度地关注他人的缺点，这样只会让我们变得愤世嫉俗，产生消极情绪。

总的来说，与他人进行比较并不是一件坏事，只要我们能够进行良性的比较，就能够从中获得很多好处。

因此，我们应该在比较中寻找自己的不足之处，找到自己的榜样，并且避免过度关注他人的缺点，从而让自己变得更加出色。

比较是一种常见的心态，我们时常会通过比较来反观自己所拥有的东西。

无论是无意还是有意，比较从未离开我们的生活。

然而，比较也有良性和恶性之分。

当我们比较身份、地位、财富等物质方面的东西时，往往会陷入攀比和欲望的恶性比较。

相反，一些研究和精神层面的比较可以促进自身进步，是良性比较。

良性和恶性比较的不同在于激发的事物不同。

良性比较能激发自我改正和积极的改变，而恶性比较则会引发消极的好胜心、嫉妒和焦虑等负面情绪。

因此，良性比较能为我们带来裨益，而恶性比较则可能成为生活中的烦恼元凶。

XXX通过与XXX的比较，塑造了自己的理想自我，并创作出了优秀的作品。

良性比较不仅能让比较者认清自我，活出自我，而且也能让自己突破比较对象，有自己独特的一番天地。

2018届普陀区中英语二模试卷

2018届普陀区中英语二模试卷D18.Sara is famous because she has done some good things with the money she has.D. Listen to the passage and complete to following sentence（听短文，完成下列句子。

每空限填一词）21.Two robber entered a hotel on the night of Monday ______ ___22.The robber took the money from the hotel’s safe and ____ _____23.Then the robbers went into a ____ ____ and robbed some money here.24.The robbers were both wearing _____ _____ and blue jeans.25.The hotel staff and the repairman（修理工）said the robbers were ___ ____Part 2 Phonetics, Grammar and VocabularyI. Choose the best answer.（选择最恰当的答案）（共20分）26.Which of the following underlined parts isdifferent in pronunciation from the others?A.This tea table is for saleB.Mark will plan for a trip to HongKongC.Where is my school bag?D.We usually have some noodles for lunch.27.Many schools provide free lessons for students to play ____ football in afternoon.A.t heB./C.aD.on28.The manager was angry ____ Morris because he sent e-mails to the wrong customer again.A.a tB.toC.withD.from29.We should work hard and to ____ best to realize our dreamsA.u sB.ourC.oursD.ourselves30.Turn the heat down,____ the food in the pot will burn.A.a ndB.soC.butD.or31.-Which pair of jeans do you prefer,the one with the blue belt or the one with the red belt?-_______ . I like the one with the brown belt.A.B othB.AllC.NoneD.Neither32.Have ____ try and maybe you will find a proper solution.A.a notherB.the otherC.otherD.others33.The first snow came ____ than usual in our hometown this year.A.earlyB.earlierC.earliestD.the earliest34.Jill likes her new neighborhood because most people here greet others with a ___ smile.A.lovelyB.happilyC.politelyD.beautifully35.The company didn’t stop improving this new machine ____ it worked well.A.ifB.unlessC.untilD.after36.We wondered if Judy_____ to Australia next week for business.A.fliesB.have flownC.hasflown D.would fly37.Many leaders _____ to attend the Closing Ceremony（闭幕式）of Winter Olympics in February.A.be invitedB.were invitedC.will be invitedD.have been invited38.All the numbers of the team hope ____ a wonderful result of the project.A.hadB.haveC.to haveD.having39.The girl practiced_____ the piano for the three hours every day to win the contest.A.playB.playsC.to playD.playing40.Rose and Minnie ____ each other pretty well before they worked in the same bank.A.knowsB.knowC.have knownD.had known41.Kevin____ in his room when the big fire broke out.A.sleepB.sleptC.was sleepingD.will sleep42.-_____ people are coming to the party?-About 40.A.H ow manyB.How soonC.How farD.How long43.Wendy___ join our school football team next term, but she is not very sure.A.s houldB.mayC.mustD.need44.-The sun shines brightly. Why not go out for a walk in the school garden?-______A.G ood ideaB.That’s all rightC. N ot at allD.Thank you very much45.-Would you like me to bring your a cup of tea?-_____A.Y es,I’d like toB.It’s a pleasure.C. Y es,pleaseD.It doesn’t matterIII. Complete the following passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once (将下列单词填入空格。

2018年浙江省舟山市普陀中学高三英语模拟试题

2018年浙江省舟山市普陀中学高三英语模拟试题一、选择题1. __ several computer games, the deaf student went to university for his graduation certificate.A. InventingB. InventedC. Having inventedD. Being invented 参考答案：C2. Television has many advantages. It keeps us _____ of the _____ news and also provides entertainment in the house.A. informed；latestB. to know；laterC. learning；latterD. to think；latest参考答案：A3. Don’t touch the book, Sally. You _____ more than one time.A. warnedB. are warnedC. have warnedD. have been warned参考答案：D4. ___________, where we can stay for a week.A. Next is another hotel to itB. Next to is it another hotelC. Next to it another hotel isD. Next to it is another hotel参考答案：D5. —We experienced a freezing cold winter this year．—Oh, yes．I think ______ is the power of global warming that the climate goes from one extreme to the other．A．such B．this C．so D．it参考答案：A6. You’re sure to enjoy yourselves to the fullest during your stay in Xi’an，is home to many places of interest．A．thatB．whereC．whatD．which参考答案：D7. It’s reported that the price of meat this month is ______ that of last month.A. half as lower asB. half lower thanC. lower half thanD. as half low as参考答案：B略8. You may be able to prevent problems if you _____.A. are not preparedB. had preparedC. preparedD. are prepared参考答案：D9. ---Don't be a slave to work，Ralph! You must take it easy sometimes．---I can't help it．_____．A．Easier said than done B．Nothing is easier than fault-findingC．Easy come, easy go D．Easy does it参考答案：A略10. Smoking ______ in the kitchen in my house．（）A．doesn't allow B．didn't allowC．isn't allowed D．won't allow参考答案：C在我家，不允许在厨房里面吸烟．这里描述的是通常的状况，应用一般现在时态；主语是动作的承受者，故用一般现在时态的被动语态；选C．本题考查了一般现在时态的被动语态的用法．首先在没有时间状语的情况下，可根据句意，确定它的时态；其次判断主语是否是动作的承受者．11. I don’t remember how many years ago ____ I last showed you around the old campus.A. it was thatB. was it thatC. it was whichD. was it when参考答案：A12. Henry, it’s your turn. Please ____ the story where we left off before our coffee break.A. make upB. take upC. bring upD. set up参考答案：B【详解】考查动词短语辨析。

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普陀区2017学年第二学期高三英语质量调研参考答案I. ListeningSection A1-5 B C A B C 6-10 D C B D DSection B11-13 C A D 14-16 B B D 17-20 A D B AII. Grammar and VocabularySection A21. on 22. to serve 23. that 24. involved 25. what26. had become 27. where 28. them 29. but 30. have been foundSection B31-35 E J K B A D I G H CIII. Reading ComprehensionSection A41-45 CDABD 46-50 ABDAC 51-55 CBABCSection B56-59 C D B B 60-62 CA C 63-66 C B C DSection C67-70 D A F BIV. Summary WritingFor Reference：A study shows if a person has a good short-term memory he is likely to feel bored quickly. Assuming memories of past experience may influence the different rates at which some people feel fed up, two researchers conducted a test, relating students’ memory capacity to their performance, and got the result. The findings may apply to marketing, self-controlling and educating. (60)评分标准：评分标准:1. 本题总分为10分, 其中内容5分, 语言5分。

2. 评分时应注意的主要方面: 内容要点、信息呈现的连贯性和准确性。

3. 词数超过60，酌情扣分。

各档次给分要求:内容部分A. 能准确、全面地概括文章主旨大意，并涵盖主要信息。

B. 能准确概括文章主旨大意，但遗漏个别主要信息。

C. 能概括文章主旨大意，但遗漏部分主要信息。

D. 未能准确概括文章主旨大意，遗漏较多主要信息或留有过多细节信息。

E. 几乎不能概括文章的主旨大意，未涉及文中有意义的相关信息。

F. 完全未作答或作答与本题无关。

语言部分A. 能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。

B. 能用自己的语言较连贯、正确地表述，但有个别语言错误。

C. 基本能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述，但连贯性较差，且有少量不影响表意的语言错误。

D. 基本能用自己的语言表述，但连贯性较差，且严重语言错误较多。

E. 几乎不能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。

F. 完全未作答或作答与本题无关。

V. Translation72. 比起节食，我宁愿多做运动来减肥。

（prefer）I prefer to do more sports rather than go on a diet to lose weight.1 1 1I prefer doing more sports to going on a diet to lose weight.1 1 173. 缺乏合作意识是他上月竞选失败的原因。

（lack）His lack of cooperation consciousness/ awareness accounted for/ resulted in/ brought about/1 1caused / contributed to his failure in the election last month.1That he lacked cooperation consciousness was the reason why he lost the election1 1 1last month.74. 如果实验过程中有问题出现，请及时与实验室管理员沟通。

（arise）If problems arise during the experiment, communicate with the laboratory assistants1 0.5 1 0.5in time, please.175. 春节期间的所见所闻让我们深刻地感受到: 千千万万普通人最伟大, 幸福都是奋斗出来的。

(happiness)What we saw and what we heard/ What we experienced during the Spring Festival made us1 0.5deeply understand/ fully aware that millions of ordinary people are the greatest and that1 1 0.5 happiness is achieved through hard work.1IV. Guided Writing评分标准：1、本题总分为25分，其中内容10分，语言10分，组织结构5分。

2、评分时应注意的主要方面：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性以及上下文的连贯性。

3、评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定所属档次，然后对照相应的组织结构档次给予加分。

其中，内容和语言两部分相加，得15分或以上者，可考虑加4-5分，15分以下者只能考虑加0、1、2、3分。

4、词数少于70，总分最多不超过10分。

内容部分A．内容充实，主题突出，详略得当。

B．内容较充实，能表达出作文要求。

C．内容基本充实，尚能表达出作文要求。

D．漏掉或未能写清楚主要内容，有些内容与主题无关。

E．明显遗漏主要内容，严重离题。

语言部分A．具有很好的语言表达能力，语法结构正确或有些小错误，主要因为使用了较复杂结构或词汇所致。

B．具有较强的语言表达能力，语法结构和词汇的应用基本正确，错误主要因为尝试较复杂结构或词汇所致。

C．有一些语法结构和词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解。

D．语法结构与词汇错误较多，影响了对内容的理解。

E．语法结构与词汇的错误很多，影响了对内容的理解。

组织结构部分A．自然地使用了语句间的连接成分，全文流畅结构紧凑。

句子结构多样，词汇丰富。

B．能使用语句间连接成分，全文流畅结构紧凑。

句子结构多样，词汇较丰富。

C．能使用简单的语句间连接成分，全文内容连贯。

句子结构有一定的变化，词汇使用得当。

D．尚能使用语句间连接成分，语言连贯性较差，句子结构单调，词汇贫乏。

E．缺乏语句间的连接成分，语言不连贯。

词不达意。

（曹杨二中22分）范文一：Hello, everyone! It’s my great honor to speak here! Since the Mother’s Day is approaching, I’d like to share with you some of my feelings based on a survey.As is vividly shown in the chart, most students in the three age groups choose to celebrate their mothers’ and classmates’ birthdays. And as time goes by, the number increases from about 50 percent elementary school students, 60 percent junior high school students to over 90 percent senior high school students. However, among all the three groups, more students tend to celebrate their peers’ birthday rather than their mothers’.The reasons are as follows. First, the increase in the number of students who celebrate others’ birthdays indicates an increasing awareness of others around us, and a tendency and desire to express our care to others, which is a positive sign. However, the lack of attention to our own mothers’ birthday may lie in the limited time spent together, for students often share most of their time with peers at school. Less company thus leads to less communication, resulting in our less care of our mothers. Mom should have been our closest friend, and we are all clear of their warm care and love.The Mothers’ Day is around the corner, and it’s high time that we care more about our mom and increase quality time spent with them. Behaviors are more powerful than words. Please well treat your mom. Thank you for your listening.范文二：My fellow classmates,Good morning. It’s a great honor for me to stand here, giving a speech. Today is Mothers’ Day and I want to talk about the topic of “Our thanks to Mum.”This is a chat that shows the result of an investigation on the percents of our celebrating birthdays for mothers and classmates respectively. As is revealed, the number of pupils celebrating birthdays for mothers takes up 54% and for classmates, 56%。