2014年职称英语教材卫生类完型填空
完形填空-2014职英卫生类B级复习重点
2014职英卫生类B级完形填空复习重点中英文对照，段落对照，题解对照黑字原文及词解，红字译文，蓝字题解。
第六篇Once-daily Pill Could Simplify HIV1 Treatment一天服用一次的药丸可以简化HIV 病毒治疗Bristol-Myers Squibb and Gilead Sciences have combined many HIV drugs into a single pill. Sometimes the best medicine is more than one kind of medicine. Malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/ADDS2, for example, are all treated with ____1____ of drugs. But that can mean a lot of pills to take. It would be ____2____ if drug companies combined all the medicines into a single pill, taken just once a day.Bristol-Myers Squibb 公司和Gilead Sciences 公司已经把多种治疗艾滋病病毒的药品合成为一种药丸。
有的时候，最好的药品是多种药品的合成。
例如疟疾、结核病、艾滋病都是通过多种药品治疗的，那就意味着要服用很多药丸。
如果药品公司把所有的药品合成为一种药丸，一天只服用一次，一切就简单多了。
1．A conservation B cooperation C combinations D considerations C 本段中多处提到新药是由几种药合成在一起的，而原来则需要服用多种药物，本空白处四个选项中只有 C 项“组合物，结合体”是唯一恰当的选择。
2．A simpler B more complex C more meaningless D more troublesome A 其实，本篇文章的标题就提示了本空白处正确选项。
2014年职称英语B级完形填空及答案ppt
7 Exercise Whether or not exercise adds to the length of life, it is common experience that a certain amount of regular exercise improves the health and contributes a feeling of well-being. Furthermore, exerise which involves play and recreation, and relieves nervous tension and mental fatigue in so doing, is not only pleasant but beneficial. How much and what kind of exercise one should take merits careful consideration.The growing child and the normal young man and young woman thrill with the exhilaration of strenuous sports. They fatigue to the point of exhaustion but recover promptly with a period of rest. But not so with those _of middle age and beyond. For them moderation is of vital importance. Just how much exercise a person of a given age can safely take is question hard _to answer. Individual variability is too great to permit of generalization. A game of tennis may be perfectly safe for one person of forty but folly for another. The sage limit for exercise depends on the condition of the heart, the condition of the muscles, the type of exercise, and the regularity with which it is taken. Two general suggestions, however, will serve as sound advice for anyone. The first is that the condition of the heart and general health should be determined periodically by careful, thorough physical examinations. The other is that exercise should be kept below the point of physical exhaustion. What type of exercise one should choose _depens upon one’s physical condition. Young people can safely enjoy vigorous competitive sports, but most older persons do better to limit themselves to less strenuous activities. Walking, swimming, skating are among the sports that one can enjoy and safely participate in throughout life. Regularity is important if one is to get the most enjoyment and benefit out of exercise.
2014年职称英语卫生A类真题和答案
一、词汇选项1.This was disaster on a cosmic scale.A.modestmercialC.hugeD.national2.New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity.A.amazingB.depressingC.predictableD.dull3.A person’s wealth is often in inverse proportion to their happiness.A.equalB.certainrgeD.opposite4.His professional career spanned 16 years.A.startedB.changedstedD.moved5.The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later.A.easedB.improvedC.relievedD.appeared6.The group does not advocate the use of violence.A.limitB.supportC.regulateD.oppose7.She talt that she had done her good deed for the day.A.actB.homeworkC.jusuceD.model8.Some of the larget bieds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes.A.motionlessB.sitentC.seatedD.true9.There was an inclination to treat geography as aless imponant Subject.A.pointB.resuitC.findingD.tendency10.His stomach felt hollw with fear.A.sincereB.respectfulC.emptyD.ternbie11.The committee was asked to rendcr a report on the housing situation.A.copyB.publishC.summarizeD.furnish12.That uniform makes the guards look absurd.A.seriousB.beautifulC.impressiveD.ridiculous13.The department deferred the decision for six months.A.put offB.arrived atC.abided byD.protested against14.The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicated.A.inventedB.reproducedC.designedD.reported15.The country was torn apart by strife.A.conflictB.povertyC.warD.economy二、阅读判断16、The Feed Me Better campaign targeted a healthier diet at school children (×)17、Everyone believed the campaign should be succeiful(×)18、The ISER is an instute19、The puoils in Gtreewwich said they said they liked the healthier meals (×)20、The nwmber of pupils who asked for sick leave decreased(√)21、The ISEK didnot do a comparative study on the impact of the new diet(×)22、The healthier diet has helped school childrecn improue academically(√)三、概括大意Aromatherapy(芳香疗法)1 Aromatherapy is a form of alternative medicine which is based on the use of very concentrated essential oils from the flowers,leaves,bark,branches or roots of plants which are considered to have healing ptoperties.In aromatherapy these powerful oils are mixed with other oils,such as almond(杏仁)oil,or they are diluted(稀释)with water.These solutions(溶液剂)can be rubbed on the skin,sprayed in the air,or applied as a compress(敷药)。
职称英语《卫生类》完形填空练习题(3篇)
XX年职称英语《卫生类》完形填空练习题（3篇）为了大家更好地备考xx年考试，网为大家提供了xx年职称英语卫生类的试题相应练习。
以下是完形填空专项练习题，大家可以多加练习。
Taking a Nap During the DayMedical experts say most Americans do not get 51 sleep. They say more Americans need to rest for a short period in the middle of the day. They are advising people to sleep lightly before 52 with other activities.One study earlier this year found that persons who sleep for a few minutes during the day were less 53to die of heart disease. The study followed more than 2,300 Greek adults 54 about six years. Adults who rested for half an hour 55 three times a week had a 37 present lower risk of dying from heart disease than those who did not nap.Study organizers said the strongest evidence was in working men. They said naps might improve 56 by mitigating tension caused by work.Some European and Latin American businesses have supported the 57 of napping for many years. They urge people to 58 work, go home and have a nap before returning. In the United States, some panies let workers rest briefly in their offices. They believe this reduces 59 and aidents, and 60 increases the amount of work a person can do.Sleep experts say it is likely that people make more mistakes at work than at other times. They say people should not carry out important duties when they feel 61 And they say the best thing to do is to take a nap. About twenty minutes of rest is 62 you need. Experts say this provides extra energy and can increase your effectiveness 63 the end of the day. But experts warn that a nap 64 last no more than twenty to thirty minutes. A longer nap will put the body into deep sleep and waking up will be 6551A sweetB soundC badD enough52A checkingB sharingC continuingD meeting53A lovelyB likelyC fondlyD finely54B atC inD with55A at leastB at mostC at lastD at first56A abilityB healthC thinkingD life57A experimentB reformC ideaD way58A repeatB improveC changeD leave59B mistakesC energyD time60A neverB seldomC tooD also61A readyB goodC sleepyD awake62A allB fewC anyD nothing63A unlessB whileC untilD during64B mayC mightD should65A helpfulB difficultC easyD happy答案与解析51 D本段第二句说“more Americans need to rest for a short period in the middle of the day”，引导我们选择(not)enough。
职称英语考试卫生类完型填空题附答案
【经典资料，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可编辑修改】【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】阅读理解Who Want to Live Forever?If your doctor could give you a drug that would let you live a healthy life for twice as long ，would you take it?The good news is that we may be drawing near to that date，Scientists have already extended the lives of flies ，worms and mice in laboratories. Many now think that using genetic treatments we will soon be able to extend human life to at least 140 years. This seems a great idea. Think of how much more time we could spend chasing our dreams，spending time with our loved ones，watching our families grow and have families of their own."Longer life would give us a chance to recover from our mistakes and promote long term thinking," says Dr Gregory Stock of the University Of California School Of Public Health. "It would also raise productivity by adding to the year we can work."Longer lives don't just affect the people who live them. They also affect society as a whole. "We have war，poverty，all sorts of issues around，and I don't think any of them would be at all helped by having people live longer," says US bioethicist Daniel Callahan."The question is 'What will weget as a society? 'I suspect it won't be a better society."It would certainly be a very different society. People are already finding it more difficult to stay married. Divorce rates are rising. What would happen to marriage in a society where people lived for 140 years? And what would happen to family life if nine or 10 generations of the same family were all alive at the same time?Research into ageing may enable women to remain fertile for longer. And that raises the prospect of having 100-year-old parents，or brothers and sisters born 50 years apart. We think of an elder sibling as someone who can protect us and offer help and advice. That would be hard to do if that sibling came from a completely different generation.Working life would also be affected，especially if the retirement age was lifted. More people would stay in work for longer. That would give us the benefits of age-skill，wisdom and good judgment.On the other hand，more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs. It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job. Top posts would be dominated by the。
2014年职称英语模拟试题_卫生A_第三套答案与题解
2014年职称英语卫生类A级全真模拟试题(三)答案与题解第一部分：词汇选项ABDAA ACBBD ACADA第二部分：阅读判断16 B第一段第二句Researchers at Pittsburgh University School of Medicine examined 20 patients who had severe heart failure and were going to have surgery.17 A 第二段this is the first study that has actually proved that stem cell therapy can help the failing heart work better.由此可见实验的结果是令人满意的。
18 C 文中并未提到相关信息。
19 A this is the first study that has actually proved that stem cell therapy can help the failing heart work better.由此可见这是第一次实验。
20 B 第五段六个月后病人的ejection fraction rate上升到百分之四十六点一。
21 C 文中并未提到。
22 A 最后一段这种方法有可能治好疾病，因此它的未来是光明的。
第三部分：概括大意与完成句子23 A A说的是：用X射线检查可能对年轻女人不好。
下面是第二段讲的意思：但是，用X射线检查年轻女性，就医学上的好处而论，是有争议的，部分原因是辐射有诱发癌症的小小的危险。
另外,年轻女人乳房组织紧密，给予的X射线的剂量要多一些。
24 B B说的是：调查用X射线检查的结果。
第三段的第一句话是这么说的：Valencia理工大学的研究人员分析了11个社区诊所用X射线检查16万以上女性的结果。
可见B为正确的选项。
25 C C说的是：两种不同的模型预测的结果。
2014年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生B真题及答案
2014年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（B级）试题第1部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题1分，共15分）1.After wards there was just a feeling of let-down.A. excitementB. angerC. CalmD. disappointment2.The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situationA.copyB. furnishC. publishD. summariza3.The curriculum was too narrow and too rigidA.hiddenB.inflexibleC.traditionaD.official4.He led a very moral lifeA.honourableB.humanC.intelligentD.natural5.The majority of people around here are decentA.realB.honestC.normalD.wealthy6.His knowledge of French is fairA.very usefulB.very limitedC.quite goodD.rather special7.The group does not advocate the use of violenceA.limitB.regalateC.supportD.oppose8.The worst agonies of the war were now beginningA. painsB. partsC. aspectsD. results9.It was a magic night until the spell was brokenA.timeB.charmC.spaceD.opportunity10.They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present systemA. proveB. discoverC. considerD. imagine11.Several windows had been smashedA.cleanedB.replacedC.brokenD.fixed12.She felt that she had done her good deed for the dayA. homeworkB. actC. justiceD. model13.London quickly became a flourishing portA.majorrgeC.successfulmercial14.His professional career spanned 16 yearsA.stareedB.changedC.movedsted15.His stomach felt hollow with fearA. emptyB. sincereC. respectfulD. terrible第2部分：阅读判断（第16—22题，每题1分，共7分）Some Schooling on BackpacksAccording to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. 5.900 kids were treated at hospital emergency rooms, clinics, and doctors’offices last year for sprians(扭伤)and strains caused by backpacks. Such injunes are so widespread that more than 70 percent of physicians as a potential clinical problem for children.How do you avoid such problems? Choose bags that have wide, padded straps(有垫的背带)and a belt. That will help transfer some of the weight from the back and shoulders to the hips. You should also tighten both straps firmly, so the pack rests about 2 inches above your waist. Also, remember to pack your bag with the heaviest items closest to your back and to bend both knees when you pick it up.I low much should you stuff into your pack? That depends on your size and strength, but a general rule is not to exceed 20 percent of your body weight. So if a child weights 100 pounds, the backpack and its load should not be more than 20 pounds. One hint: Make frequent trips to your locker(储物柜)to exchange books between classes.Backpacks with wheels let you pull the weight along the ground,but they have problems too. Many are larger than the average shoulder bag, so students are tempted to carry more than they would in a conventional pack.Roller bags often don’t fit into a locker. They can also lead to tripping and falls in crowded halls. Whatever you use. 10 or 15 minutes of stretching and back strengthening is a good idea.16.About six thousand American kids were injured by carrying backpacks last year.A . RightB . WrongC . Not mentioned17. 70 percent of UK physicians have treated children with sprains and strains.A . RightB . WrongC . Not mentioned18. Backpacks with wide, padded straps and a belt can help to avoid problems of sprains and strains.A . RightB . WrongC . Not mentioned19. A 100-pound child should carry a backpack of more than 20 pounds.A . RightB . WrongC . Not mentioned20. Children should put all the books in their lockers.A . RightB . WrongC . Not mentioned21. Roller bags tend to be heavier than ordinary backpacks.A . RightB . WrongC . Not mentioned22. A 10-15 minutes’exercise will help you bear a heavier backpack.A . RightB . WrongC . Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）Aromatherapy(芳香疗法)1 Aromatherapy is a form of alternative medicine which is based on the use of very concentrated essential oils from the flowers, leaves, bark, branches or roots of plants which are considered to have healing properties. In aromatherapy these powerful oils are mixed with other oils, such as almond(杏仁)oil, or they are diluted(稀释)with water. These solutions(溶液剂)can be rubbed on the skin, sprayed in the air, or applied as a compress(敷药)。
2014年全国职称英语等级考试卫生类A级参考答案及解析
2014年职称英语考试《卫生类A级》考试真题及答案本站原创| 2015-03-11分享到：一、词汇选项1.This was disaster on a cosmic scale.A.modestmercialC.hugeD.national2.New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity.A.amazingB.depressingC.predictableD.dull3.A person’s wealth is often in inverse proportion to their happiness.A.equalB.certainrgeD.opposite4.His professional career spanned 16 years.A.startedB.changedstedD.moved5.The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later.A.easedB.improvedC.relievedD.appeared6.The group does not advocate the use of violence.A.limitB.supportC.regulateD.oppose7.She talt that she had done her good deed for the day.A.actB.homeworkC.jusuceD.model8.Some of the larget bieds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes.A.motionlessB.sitentC.seatedD.true9.There was an inclination to treat geography as aless imponant Subject.A.pointB.resuitC.findingD.tendency10.His stomach felt hollw with fear.A.sincereB.respectfulC.emptyD.ternbie11.The committee was asked to rendcr a report on the housing situation.A.copyB.publishC.summarizeD.furnish12.That uniform makes the guards look absurd.A.seriousB.beautifulC.impressiveD.ridiculous13.The department deferred the decision for six months.A.put offB.arrived atC.abided byD.protested against14.The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicated.A.inventedB.reproducedC.designedD.reported15.The country was torn apart by strife.A.conflictB.povertyC.warD.economy答案：CDDCD BAADC DDABA二、阅读判断16、The Feed Me Better campaign targeted a healthier diet at school childrenA RightB WrongC Not mentioned17、Everyone believed the campaign should be succeifulA RightB WrongC Not mentioned18、The ISER is an instuteA RightB WrongC Not mentioned19、The puoils in Gtreewwich said they said they liked the healthier mealsA RightB WrongC Not mentioned20、The nwmber of pupils who asked for sick leave decreasedA RightB WrongC Not mentioned21、The ISEK didnot do a comparative study on the impact of the new dietA RightB WrongC Not mentioned22、The healthier diet has helped school childrecn improue academicallyA RightB WrongC Not mentioned三、概括大意Aromatherapy(芳香疗法)1 Aromatherapy is a form of alternative medicine which is based on the use of very concentrated essential oils from theflowers,leaves,bark,branches or roots of plants which are considered tohave healing ptoperties.In aromatherapy these powerful oils are mixed with other oils,such as almond(杏仁)oil,or they are diluted(稀释)with water.These solutions(溶液剂)can be rubbed on the skin,sprayed in the air,or applied as a compress(敷药)。
2014年职称英语真题与答案卫生类C级(补全短文)
Do You Have a Sense of Humor？Humor and laughter are good for us.There is increasing evidence that they can heal us physically，mentally，emotionally，and spiritually.In fact，every system of the body responds to laughter in some positive，healing way.So how can we get more laughter into our lives？（46）Psychologist and author，Steve Wlison，has some answers.Many peoplebelieve that we are born with a sense of humor.They think，“either you've got it，or you don't”Dr.Wilson points out that this false.（47）The parts of brain and central nervous system that control laughing and smiling are mature at birth（48）（After all，when a baby laughs，we don't rush over and say，“That kid has a great sense of humor！”）A sense of humor is something that you can develop over a lifetime.Sometimes people think that they don't have a good sense of humor because they are not good joke tellers.Dr.Wilson reminds us that telling jokes is only one of many ways to expresshumor.（49）Then we will make others laugh，too.A person who has a true sense of humor is willing and able to see the funny side of everyday life.One of the best definition of a sense of humor is“the ability to see the nonserious element in a situation.”Consider this sign from a sore window.“Any faulty merchandise will be cheerfully replanced with merchandise of equal quality.”The store manager probably placed the sign in the window to impress customers with the store's excellent service.（50）As Dr.Wilson says，“a good sense of humor means that you don't have to be funny；you just have to see what's funny.”A He advises us to lose our inhibitions（抑制）and try to laugh at ourselves.B Is it possible to develop a sense of humor？C However，that does not mean that infants have a sense of humor.D What is true，however，it that we are born with the capacityto laugh and smileE Everyone experiences this emotionF He had a serious purpose，but if you have a sense of humor，you will probably find the sign funny！答案：BDCAF。
2014年全国职称英语等级考试(卫生类A级)真题及详解
2014年全国职称英语等级考试（卫生类A级）真题及详解第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. His stomach felt hollow with fear.A. emptyB. sincereC. respectfulD. terrible【答案】A【解析】句意：他被吓得魂不附体。
hollow空的。
empty空的。
二者意思相近，可相互替换。
sincere真诚的。
respectful有礼貌的。
terrible可怕的。
因此，本题正确答案为A。
2. The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicated.A. inventedB. reproducedC. designedD. reported【答案】B【解析】句意：句意：最初的实验不能被完全复制。
duplicate复制。
reproduce再生产。
二者意思相近，可相互替换。
invent发明。
design设计。
report报告。
因此，本题正确答案为B。
3. His professional career spanned 16 years.A. startedB. lastedC. changedD. moved【答案】B【解析】句意：他的职业生涯持续了16年。
span跨越，持续。
last持续。
二者意思相近，可相互替换。
start开始。
change改变。
move移动。
因此，本题的正确答案为B。
4. She felt that she had done her good deed for the day.A. homeworkB. actC. justiceD. model【答案】B【解析】句意：她认为自己做了一件善事。
deed行为。
act行为，行动。
二者意思相近，可相互替换。
homework家庭作业。
2014年职称英语综合类B级完型填空（经典缩印版）（范文大全）
2014年职称英语综合类B级完型填空（经典缩印版）（范文大全）第一篇：2014年职称英语综合类B级完型填空(经典缩印版) 第六篇 Teaching and learningMany teachers believe that the responsibilities(职责)for learning 是…的责任)the student.If a long reading assignment(n.任务，作业)is __in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination.The idea（理想）_ student is considered to be one who is motivated(v.刺激，激发……的积极性)to learn for the sake of(为了)learning（学习）_, not the one interested only in getting high grades.Sometimes homework is returned with（带…回来）brief written comments but without a grade.Even if a grade is not given, the student is for learning the material assigned.When research is , the professor expects the student to take it responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library.Professors do students graduate students to exhaust(v.耗尽，使筋疲力尽;彻底讨论)the reference _ sources(资源)_ in the library.Professors will help dependent on them.In the United Stats professors have many other duties teaching, such as administrative(adj.管理的,行政的)or research work.Therefore, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is If a student has problems with classroom work , the student sho 会).第七篇 The Difference between Man and Computer What makes people different from computer programs? What is the missing element(n.元素，成分，要素)that our theories don’t yet answer is simple: People read newspaper stories for a reason: to learn more about they are interested puters, on the other hand, don't.In fact, computers don't have interests;there is nothing in particular(尤其, 特别)that they aretrying to find out when they read.If a computer program（程序）_ is to be a model of story understanding, it should also read for a “purpose”.Of course, people have several goals that do not make sense（合理）to attribute to computers.One might read a restaurant guide in（为了）order to satisfy hunger or entertainment(n.娱乐，消遣)goals, or to find（寻找）a good place to go for a business puters do not get hungry, and computers do not have business lunches.However, these physiological(adj.生理学的,生理的)and social goals give（导致）to several intellectual(adj.智力的，聪明的)or cognitive(adj.认知的，认识上的)goals.A goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to(引起, 导致)goals to findabout the name of a restaurant which serves（供应）the desired type of food, how expensive the restaurant is,the location of the restaurant, etc.These are goals to _ acquire（获取）information or knowledge, what we are calling learning（学习）_ goals.These goals can be held by computers too;a computer might（可能）_ “want” to find out the location of a restaurant, and read a guide in order to do so in（以…方式）the same way as a person might.While such a goal would not arise（起于）out of hunger in the case of the computer, it 很可能)arise out of the “goal” to learn more about restaurants.*第八篇Look on The Bright SideDo you ever wish you were more optimistic(adj.乐观的，乐观主义的), someone who always expected（期望）to be successful? Having someone around who always fears（恐惧）the worst isn’t really a lot of fun（乐趣）.We all know someone who sees a single cloud on a sunny day and says, “It looks like（像）rain.” But if you catch yourself thinking such things,it's important to do something about（对此）it(代前面整句话，指这个状况、情况、事实).to psychologists(心理学家).It only takes a little effort, andyou'll find life more rewarding(adj.有益的，值得的，有报酬的)as a result（结果）.Optimism，they say，is partly about self-respect and confidence but it's also a more positive way of looking at life and all it has to offer（提供）.Optimists are more likely（很有可能）to start new projects and are generally more prepared to take risks.Upbringing(教养，养育，抚育)is obviously(adv.明显地，显然地)very important in forming your attitude（态度）to the world.Some people are brought up to depend（依赖于）too much on others and grow up(成长)forever blaming(v.责备，归咎于)other people when anything goes（发生）wrong.Most optimists,on the _other（另一方面）（把..看作）failure as the end of the world—they just get on（继续）with their lives.*第九篇 The First BicycleThe history of the bicycle goes back more than 200 years.In 1791, Count(伯爵)de Sivrac delighted（使...喜悦）onlookers(观众)in a park in Paris as he 炫耀)his two-wheeled invention, a machine called the celeriferé.It was basically an enlarged（扩大）version of a children’s toy which had been in use（在使用中）for many years.Sivrac's “celeriferé” had a woo den frame, made in the shape（形状）of a horse,which was mounted on a wheel at either end．T o ride it, you sat on a small seat, just like a modem bicycle,and pushed hard（努力）against the ground（地面）with your legs—there were no pedals(踏板，脚蹬子).It was impossible to steer(驾驶，操纵，控制)a celeriferé and it had no brakes(闸，刹车（吸引）to the fashionable young men of Paris.Soon they were holding（举行）races up and down the streets.Minor injuries（受伤）were common as riders attempted a final burst(爆发，突发，爆炸)of speed（速度）.Controlling the machine was difficult, as the only way to change direction（方向）was to pull up the front of the “celeriferé” and turn（掉转）it round while the frontwheel was spinning（自旋）in the air."Celeriferéof no springs(弹簧), no steering and rough roads(起伏路)made riding them very uncomfortable.Even so,the wooden celeriferé was the origin（始祖）of the modem bicycle.第十篇 Working MothersCarefully conducted(v.实施，实行)researches that have followed the children of working mothers have not been able to show any long-term problems, compared with children whose mothers stayed at home.My personal view（观点）is that mothers should be allowed to work if they wish.Whether we like it or not, there are a number（很多）of mothers who just have to work.There are those who have invested(投资)such a big part of their lives in establishing(建立)a career that they cannot afford （负担）to see it lost.Then there are many who must work out of pure economic(经济上的)necessity（有必要）.Many mothers are not cut（适合于）out to be full-time parents.After a few months at home with a much loved infant(婴儿，幼儿), they feel trapped(v.使陷入困境，使受限制)and isolated(使隔离，使孤立).There are a number of options(选项，选择)when it comes（涉及）to choosing childcare.These range from child minders(照顾者)and nannies(保姆)直到)Granny(奶奶)or the kind(好心的)lady across（对面）the street.reality（在现实状况下）, however,many parents don't have any choice;they have to accept anything they can get.Be prepared!No matter（无论）how good the childcare may be,some children are going to protest(抗议)wildly(激烈的)if they are left.This is a perfectly（完全）normal stage of child development.Babies separate well in the first six months,but soon after that they start to get a crush(依恋, 压烂)on Mum and close family members（成员）.Make sure that in the first week you allow plenty of（大量）安顿下来).All children are different.Some are independent, while others are more（做）thebest for your children, it's not the quantity(数量)of time you spend with them，it's the quality（质量）that matters.第二篇：2014职称英语押题理工B 完型填空完型填空：第十篇Chicken Soup for the Soul: Comfort Food Fights Loneliness Mashed potatoes, macaroni and cheese, may be bad for your arteries, ____1____ according to a study inPsychological Science, they’re good for your heart and____2____.“comfort food1 ” and how it makes people feel.“For me____3____, food has always played a big role in my family”, says Jordan Troisi, a graduate student2 at the University of Buffalo3，and lead author4 on the study.The study came out of the research program of his co-author Shira Gabriel.It has____4____ non-human things that may affect human emotions.Some people reduce loneliness by bonding with their____5____ TV show, building virtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved ones.Troisi and Gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the same effect____6____ making people think of their nearest and dearest5.In one experiment, in order to make____7____ feel lonely, the researchers had them write for six minutes about a fight with someone close to them.Others were given an emotionally neutral writing assignment.Then, some people in each____8____ wrote about the experience of eating a comfort food and others wrote about eating a new food.____9____ the researchers had participants____10____ questions about their levels of loneliness6.Writing about a fight with a close person made people feel lonely.But people who were generally____11____ in their relationships would feel less lonely by writing about a comfort food.“We have found that comfort foods are consistently associated with those close to us,” saysTroisi.u Thinking about or consuming these foods later then serves as a reminder of those close others.” In ____12____ essays on comfort food, many people wrote about the____13____ of eating food with family and friends.In another experiment,____14____ chicken soup in the lab made people think more about relationships, but only if7 they considered chicken soup to be a comfort food.This was a question they had been asked long before the experiment, along with many other questions, so they wouldn’t remember it.Throughout everyone’s daily lives8 they experience stress, often associated with our ____15____ with others, “Troisi says.‘‘Comfort food can be an easy remedy for loneliness.词汇：mashed / mæʃt / adj．被捣成糊浆的macaroni / ,mækə'rəʊnɪ/ n．通心粉 cheese / tʃiːz / n．奶酪 artery / 'ɑːtərɪ / n．动脉assignment / ə'saɪnmənt / n．指定作业reminder / rɪmaɪndə / n．起提醒作用的东西 remedy / remɪdɪ/ n．治疗方法，药物 virtual / vɜːtjʊəl / adj．虚拟的注释：1．comfort food：爽心食品 2．graduate student：研究生3．The University of Buffalo：布法罗大学，建校于1846年，位于水牛城（Buffalo City），属于纽约州立大学，因此称为纽约州立大学水牛城分校。
2014年职称英语教材15篇完型填空word版
1.captain cook arrow legendIt was a great legend shile it lasted,but DNA testing has ended a two-century-old story of the hawaiian arrow carved from the bone of british explorer captain james cook died in thd sandwich islands in 1779.There is cook in thd australian museum, museum collection manager jude philip said not long ago in announcing the dna evidence that the arrow was not made of cook’s bone.But that will not stop the museum from continuing to display the arrow in its ,uncovered:treasures of the australian museum,which include a festher cape presented to cook by hawailian king in 1778.Cook was one of britain’s great exploreres and is credited withthe great south land, australia ,in 1770.he was clubbed to death in the sandwich islands,now hawaii.The legend of cook’s arrow began in 1824 hawaiian king kame on his deathbed gave the arrow to william adams, a london surgeon and relative of cook’s wife,saying it was made of cook’s bone after the fatal with islanders.In the 1890s the arrow was given to the australian museum and the legend continued it came face to face with science.Dna testing by laboratories in australia and new zealand revealed the arrow was not made of cook’s bone but was more made of animal bone, said philp.However,cook’s fans to give up hope that one cook legend will prove true and that part of his remains will be uncovered ,as they say there is evidence not all of cook’s body was at sea in 1779.On this occasion technology has won, said cliff ,president of the captain cook society ,in a from britain .But i am that one of these days....one of the cook legends will prove to be grue and it will happen one day.2.a valanche and its safetyAn avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow,often mixed with air and water,down a mountainside.Avalanches are the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material, typically snowpace,that is too massive and unstable for the slope supports it. Determining thd critiacl load,the amount of over burden which is to cause an avalanche, a comples task involving the evaluation of a number of factors.Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low of avalanche.Snow does notsignificantly on steep slopes;also ,snow does not easily on flatslopes.Human triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snow’s angle of rest is 35 to 45 degrees; the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest,is 38 degrees.The rule of thumb is :A slope that is enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate anavalanche ,regardless of the angle.Additionlly ,avalanche risk increases with ;that is ,the more a slope is disturbed by skiers,the more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.Due to the complexity of the subject,winter travelling in the backcountry is never 100% safe.Good avalanche safety is acontinuous ,including route selection and examination of the snowpack,weather ,and human factors.Several well-konwn good habits can also the risk.If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports ,they should be considered and all warnings should be paid to.Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations;snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they weremade.Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are or damaged.Avoid traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche.3.Giant structuresIt is impossible task to select the most amazing wonders of the modern world since every year more constructions appear.Here are three structures which are worthy of our although they may have been surpassed by some more recent wonders.The petronas twin towersThe petronas towers were the tallest buildings in the world when they were completed in 1999.With a of 452 metres, the tall twin towers,like two thin pencils,dominate the city of kuala lumpur.At the41floor,the towers are linked by a bridge,symbolizing a gateway to the city.The american cesar pelli designed the skyscrapers.Constructed of high strength concrete,the building provides around 1800 spuare metres of office space every floor .And it has a shopping centre and a concert hall at the base.Other of this impressive building include double decker lifts,and glass and steel sunshades.The millau bridgeThe millau bridge was opened in 2004 in the tarn valley,in southern france. the time it was built ,it was the world’s highest bridge, over 340m at the highest point .The bridge is described as one of the most amazingly beautiful bridges in the world .It was built to millau’s congestion problems.The congestion was then caused by traffic passingfrom paris to barcelona in spain .The bridge was built to withstand the extreme seismic and climatic conditions.Besides,it is guaranteed for 120 years.The itaipu damThe itaipu hydroelectric power plant is one of the largest constructions of its kind in the world .It consists of a series of dams across the river parana, forms a natural border between brazil andparaguay .Started in 1975 and taking 16years to complete .the construction was carried out as a joint project between the two .The dam is well konwn for both its electricity output and its size .In 1995 it produced 78% of paraguary’s and 25% of brazil’s needs. In its construction ,theof iron and steel used was equivalent to over 300 eiffel towers .It is a amazing wonder of engineering.4.animal’s sixth senseA tsunami was triggered by an earthquake in the indian ocean in december,2004 .It killed tens of thousands of people in asia and east africa.Wild animals, ,seem to have escaped that terrible tsunami. This phenomenon adds weight to notions that they posses a sixth sensefor ,experts said.Sri lankan wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24000 people along the indian ocean island’s coast clearly wild beasts,with no dead animals found.No elephants are dead ,not a dead rabbit .I think animals can disaster.They have a sixth sense.They know when things are happening ,H D R,deputy director of sri lanka’s wildlife department, said about one month after the tsunami attack. The washed floodwaters up to 2 miles inland at yala national park in the ravaged southeast ,sri biggest wildlife and home to hundreds of wild elephants and several leopards.There has been a lot of evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions or earthquakes.But it has not been proven , said matthew van lierop ,an animal behavior at zoo.There have been no studies because you can’t really test it in a lab or field setting ,he told reuters.Other authorities concurred with this .Wildlife seem to be able to pick up certain ,especially birds .... There are many reports of birds detecting impending disasters, said clive,who has written several books on african wildlife.Animals rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as predators.The notion of an animal sixth sense -or other mythical power -is an enduring one which the evidence on sri ravaged coast is likely to add to.The romans saw owls omens of impending disaster and many ancient cultures viewed elephants as sacred animals endowed with special powers or attributes.5.singing alarms could save the blindIf you cannot see ,you may not be able to find your way out of a burning building -and that could be fatal. A company in leeds could change all that directional sound alarms capable of guiding you to the exit.Sound alert,a company the university of leeds,is installing the alarms in a residential home for people in sommerset and a resource centre for the blind in cumbria .Produce a side range of frequencies that enable the brain to determine where the is coming from.Deborah withington of sound alert says that the alarms use most of the frequencies that can be by humans. It is a burst of white noise people say sounds like static on the radio, she says. Its life saving potential is great .She conducted an experiment in which people were filmed by therman-imaging cameras trying to find their way out of a largeroom.It them nearly four minutes to find the doora sound alarm,but only 15 seconds with one.Withington studies how the brain sounds at the university .she says that the of a wide band of frequencies can be pinpointed more easily than the source of a narrow band. Alarms the same concept have already been installed on emergency vehicles.The alarms will also include rising or faling frequencies to indicate whether people should go up down stairs.they werewith the aid of a large grant from british nuclear fuels.6.car thieves could be stopped remotelySpeeding off in a stolen car ,the thief thinks he has got a great catch. But he is in a nasty surprise.The car is fitted with a remoteimmobilizer ,and radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine ,he will not be to start it again.For now ,such devices only available for fleets of trucks and specialist vehicles used on construction sites.But remote immobilization technology could soon start to trickle down to ordinary cars ,and be available to ordinary cars in the UKtwo months.The idea goes like this.A control box fitted to the car incorporates miniature cellphone ,a microprocessor and memory ,and a GPS satellite positioning receiver. the car is stolen ,a coded cellphone signal will tell the unit to block the vehicle’s engine management system and prevent the engine restarted.There are even plans for immobilizers shut down vehicles on the move ,though there are fears over the safety implications of such a system.In the uk,an array of technical fixes is already makingharder for car thieves. The pattern of vehicles crime has changed, says martyn, a security research organization based in berkshire that is funded in part the motor insurance industry.He says it would only take him a few minutes to a novice how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools.But only if the car is more than 10 years old.Modern cars are a far tougher proposition ,as their engine management computer will not them to start unless they receive a unique id code beamed out by the ignition key .In the uk ,technologies like this achieve a 31 per cent drop in vehicle related crime since 1997.But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars. Often by getting hold of the owner’s keys in a burglary .In 2000,12 per cent of vehicles stolen in the uk were taken by using the owner’skeys ,which doubles the previous year’s figure.Remote-controlled immobilization system would a major new obstacle in the criminal’s way by making such thefts pointless. A group that includes thatcham, the police,insurance companies and security technology firms have developed standards for a system could go on the market sooner than the expects.7.an intelligent carDriving needs sharp eyes,keen ears , quick brain ,and coordination between hands and the brain. Many human drivers have alland can control a fast moving car. But how does an intelligent car control itself?There is a virtual driver in the smart car. This virtual driver haseyes ,brains hands and feet ,too.The minicameras each side of the car are his eyes ,which observe the road conditions ahead of it .They watch the to the car’s left and right . There is also a highly driving system in the car. It is the built-in computer ,which is the virtual driver’s brain . His brain calculates the speeds of moving cars near it and analyzes their positions .Basing on this information ,it choosesthe right for the intelligent car , and gives to the hands and feet to act accordingly .In this way ,the virtual driver controls his car.What is the virtual driver’s best advangate? Hereacts .The mincameras are images continuously to the brain. It the processing of the images within 100 milliseconds. However , the world’s best driverneeds one second to react. , when he takes action ,he needs one more aecond.The virtual driver is really wonderful. He can reduce the accident considerably on expressways. In this case ,can we let him have the wheel at any time and in any place? Experts that we cannot do that just yet .His ability to recognize things is still .He can now only drive an intelligent car on expressways.8.why india needs its dying vulturesThe vultures in question may look ugly nad threatening ,but the sudden sharp in three species of india’s vultures is producing alarm rather than celebration , and it presents the world with a new kind of environmental . The dramatic decline in vulture numbers is causing widespread disruption to people living in the same ares asthe .It is also causing serious public health problemsthe indian sub-continent.While their reputation and appearance may be unpleasant to many indians, vultures have played a very important role in keeping towns and villages all over india clean. It is they feed on dead cows. In india ,cows are sacred animals and are left in the open when they die in their thousands upon thousands every year.The disappearance of the vultures has an explosion in the numbers of wild dogs feeding on the remains of these dead animals .There are fears that rabies may as a result .And this terrifying disease may ultimately affect humans in the region, since wild dogs are its main carriers. Rabies could also spread to other animal species, causing an even greater problem in the .The need for action is ,so an emergency project has been launched to a solution to this serious vulture problem. Scientists are trying to identify the disease causing the birds’ deaths and ,if possible ,develop a cure.Large-scale vulture were first noticed at the end of the 1980s in india .A population survey at that time showed that the three species of vultures had declined over 90 per cent .All three species are now listed as critically endangered .As most vultures lay onlysingle eggs and about five years to rach maturity ,reversing their population decline will be a long and difficult exercise.9.wonder websSpider webs are more than homes, and they are ingenious traps. And the world’s best web spinner may be the golden orb weaver spider. The female orb weaver spins a web of fibers thin enough to be invisible to insect prey , yet enough to snare a flying bird without breaking.The secret of the web’s strength? A type of super-resilientcalled dragline. When the female spider is ready to the web’s spokes and frame ,she uses her legs to draw the airy thread out through a hollow nozzle in her belly. Dragline is not sticky, so the spider can race back and forth along to spin the web’s trademark spiral.Unlike some spiders that weave a new web every day, a golden orb weaver her handiwork until it falls apart, sometimes not for two years .The silky thread is five times stronger than steel by weight and absorbs the force of an impace three times better than kevlar, ahigh-strength human-made used in bullet proof vests. And thanks to its high tensile strength, or the ability to resist breaking under the pulling force called tension ,a single strand can stretch up to 40 percent longer than its original and snap back as well as new. No human-made fiber even comes .It is no manufacturers are clamoring for spider silk. In the consumer pipeline: high-performance fabrics for athletes and stockings that never run. Think parachute cords and suspension bridge cables. A steady of spider silk would be worth billions of dollars but how to produce it ? Harvesting silk on spider farms does not because the territorial arthropods have a tendency to devour their neighbors.Now, scientists at the biotechnology company nexia are spinning artificial silk modeled after golder orb dragline. Thestep:extract silk-making genes from the spiders. Next ,implant the genes into goat egg cells . The nanny goat that grow from the eggs secrete dragline silk proteins in their . The young goats pass on the silk-making gene without help from us, says turner. Nexia is still perfecting the spinning process , but they hope artificial spider silk will soon be snagging customers the real thing snags bugs.10.Chieken soup for the soul:comfort food fights lonelinessMashed potatoes ,macaroni and cheese ,may be bad for your arteries , according to a study in psychological science ,they’re good for your heart and . The study focuses on comfort food and how it makespeople feel.For me ,food has always played a big role in myfamily ,says jordan ,a graduate student at the university of buffalo,and lead author on the study .The study came out of the research program of hisco-author shira .It has non-human things that may affect human emotions .Some people reduce loneliness by bonding with theirTV show, building virtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved ones. Troisi and gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the same effect making people think of their nearest and dearest.In one experiment ,in order to make feel lonely, the researchers had them write for six minutes about a fight with someone close to them. Others were given an emotionally neutral writing assignment. Then ,some people in each wrote about eating a newfood . , the researchers had participantsquestions about their levels of loneliness.Writing about a fight with a close person made people feel lonely .But people who were generally in their relationships would feel less lonely by writing about a comfort food. We have found that comfort foods are consistently associated with those close to us, says troisi. Thinking about or consuming these foods later then serves as a reminder of those close others. In essays on comfort food ,many people wrote about the of eating food with family and friends.In another experiment , chicken soup in the lab made people think more about relationships ,but only if they considered chicken soup to be a comfort food .This was a question they had been asked long before the experiment ,along with many other questions ,so they would’t remember it.Throughout everyone’s saily lives they experience stress ,often associated ,with our with others ,troisi says. Comfort food can be an easy remedy for loneliness.11.Climate change poses major risks for unprepared citiesA new examination of urban policies has been recently by patricia romero. She is a sociologist specializing in climate chang and development. She warns that many of the world’s fast-growing urban areas,especially in developing countries, will likely suffer from the impacts of changing climate . Her work also concludes that most cities are failing to emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse ,These gases are known to affect the atmosphere . Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound threats to the growing cities of the world ,says romero .But too few developing effective strategies to theirresidents.Cities are source of greenhouse gases.And urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by future climate change . Lankao’s findings highlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable, and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term .The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater risk for natural disasters. Potentialassociated with climate include storm surges and prolonged hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat paved cities more then surrounding areas. The impacts of such natural events can be more serious in an urban environment. For example ,a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution, causing widespread health problems .Poorer neighborhoods that maybasic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads, are especially vulnerable to natural disasters. Many residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing access to reliable drinking water ,roads and basic services.Local governments , ,should take measures to protect their residents. Unfortunately ,they tend to move towards rhetoric meaningful responses, romero lankao writes. They don’t impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning needs. They don’t emphasize mass transit and reduce use. Infact ,many local governments are taking a hands-off approach .Thus ,she urges them to change their policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of climate change on cities.12.free statins with fast food could neutralize heart riskFast food outlets provide statin drugs free of so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food , researchers at imperial college london in a new study.Statins reduce the of unhealthy ldl cholesterol in the blood.A wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person’s heart attack .In a paper published in the american journal of cardiology ,darrel francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is to offset the increase in heart attack risk from a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake.Francis, from the national heart and lung institute at imperial collgeg london ,who is the senior author of the study ,said :statins don’t cut out all of the effects of cheeseburgers and french fries . It’s better to avoid fatty food altogether . But we’ve worked out that in terms of yourof having a heart attack, taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same as a fast food meal increases it.It’s ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthy condiments in fast food outlets as they ,but statins ,which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed .It makes sense to make risk reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that arefree of charge . It would cost less than 5 pence per -not much different to a sachet of sugar, francis said.When people engage in risky behaviours like driving orsmoking ,they’re encouraged to take that lower their risk ,like a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters .Taking a statin is a rational way of some of the risks of eating a fatty meal.13.better solar energy systems:more heat ,more lightSolar photovoltaic thermal energy system ,or pvts ,generate both heat and electricity ,but now they haven’t been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand alone solar thermal collector. That’s because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells ,which lets the silicon generate more but isn’t very efficient way to gather heat.That’s a problem of .Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar electric system at a substantially lower .And it’s also a space problem :photovoltaic cells can take up all the space on the roof,leaving little room for thermal applications.In a pair of studies ,pearce ,an associate professor of materials science and engineering ,has devised a in the form of a better pvt made with a different kind of silicon. His research collborators are kunal girotra from thinsilicon in .Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon ,but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous silicon, known as thin-film silicon. They don’t create as much electricity ,but they arelighter ,flexible ,and cheaper .And ,because they much less silicon , they have a greener footprint. Unfortunately ,thin-film silicon solar cells are to some bad-news physics in the form of the staebler-wronski effect.That means that their efficiency when you expose them to light -pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell, pearce explains , which is one of the thinfilm solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.However ,pearce and his team found a way to engineer around the staebler-wronski effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in a newof pvt. You don’t have to cool down thin-film silicon to make it work. In fact, pearce’s group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating temperatures ,near the boiling of water ,they could make thicker cells that largely the stacbler-wronski effcet. When they applied the thin-film silicon directly to a solar thermal energy , they also found that by baking the cell once a day, they the solar cell’s electrical efficiency by over 10 percent.14.sharks perform a service for earth’s watersIt is hard to get people to think of sharks as anything but a deadly enemy . They are thought to people frequently .But these fish perform a service for earth’s waters and for human beings. Yet business and sport fishing are threatening their . Some sharks are at risk of disappearing from .Warm weather may influence both fish and shark activity .Many fish swim near coastal areas their warm waters .Experts say sharks may follow the fish into the same areas, people also swim. In fact ,most sharks do not purposely charge at or bite humans. They are thought to mistake a person a sea animal ,such as a seal or sea lion. That is why people should not swim in the ocean when the sun goes down or comes up . Those are the when sharks are looking for food. Experts also say that bright colors and shiny jewelry may cause sharks to attack.A shark has an extremely good sense of smell. It can find small amounts of substances in water, such as blood ,body liquids and produced by animal.These powerful help sharks find their food. Sharks eat fish ,any sharks , and plants that live in the ocean.Medical researchers want to learn more about the shark’s body defense and immune against disease. Researchers know that that sharks quickly from injuries. They study the shark in hopes of finding a way to fight human disease.Sharks are imporant for the world’s . They eat injured and diseased fish. Their hunting activities mean that the numbers of other fish in ocean waters do not become too . This protects the plants and other forms of life that exist in the oceans.15.liquefaction key to much of japanese earthquake damageThe massive subduction zone earthquake in japan caused a significant level of soil liquefaction that has surprised researchers with itsseverity , a new analysis shows.We’ve seen localized examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before ,but the distance and of damage in japan wereunusually severe, said scott. Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments ,ashford said. The shifts in soil destroyed water ,drain and gas pipelines ,crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to .we saw some places that sank as much as four feet.Some degree of soil liquefaction is common in almost any major earthquake. It’s a phenomenon in which soils soaked withwater ,particularly recent sediments or sand ,can lose much of theirand flow during an earthquake .This can allow structures to shift or sinkor .But most earthquakes are much than the recent event in japan.With such a long-lasting earthquake ,we saw structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes, he said . And it was clear that younger sediments, and especially areas built on filled ground ,are much more vulnerable.The data provided by analyzing the japanese earthquake, researchers said ,should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soiland better prepare for it in the future. Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly, damage was removed in the recovery efforts.There’s no doubt that we’ll learn things from what happened in japan that will help us to reduce risks in other similar .The young sediments ,in geologic terms ,may be thosewithin the past 10000 years or more.Anything a river and old flood plains is a suspect ,and the oregon department of transportation has already concluded that 1100 bridges in thd state are at risk from an earthquake . Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to collapse. Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the march 11 earthquake, but japanese construction helped prevent many buildings from collapse -even as they tilted and sank into the ground.。
职称英语卫生类15篇完形填空及参考译文
2012职称英语教材-卫生类15篇完形填空及参考译文（红色为书中选项答案）1 Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is FoundThe World Health Organization1 estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis . Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB, usually in their lungs. Two million people die of of it.The disease has increased with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis.Current treatments take at least six months. People have to take a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop as soon as they feel better. Doing that can lead to an infection that resists treatment.Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how effective it might be.A professor of international health at Harvard University2 led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients cured. It would also mean fewer infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others.The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They tested the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia.The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might prevent about twenty-five percent of TB deaths.The model shows that these reductions would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. That is, if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve.The World Health Organization reductions the DOTS3 program in nineteen ninety. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make sure they continue treatment.Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research into new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development4 says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.2 Going on a diet （新增）Atypical person needs about 1,800 calories per day to stay alive. These calories keep your heart beating and your lungs breathing. They keep your organs operating properly andyour brain running. They also keep your body warm. A person gains weight because he or she consumes more calories per day than needed. The only way to lose fat is to reduce the number of calories that you consume per day. This is the basic principle behind going on a diet.unfortunately，diets don't work for most people. They do lose weight but then go off the dietand put it back. Building a sensible diet and exercise plan is the key to maintaining a consistent weight. You need to figure out how many calories you need in a day and how many you actually take in. The next step is to add ，exercise so that you can raise the number of calories you can consume per day.Exercise charts can show you how many calories different forms of exercise can burn. Burning 250 or 500 calories per day can make a big difference. You can ride an exercise bike while you are watching TV or you can climb the stairs instead of the elevator. Find an exercise partner. Exercise can be a lot easier if there is someone to talk to. It's a good idea to wear firm-fitting clothes if you are on a diet.tight clothing acts as a reminder of what you are trying to accomplish.3 One Good Reason to Let Smallpox LiveIt’s now a fair bet that we will never see the total extinction of the smallpox virus. The idea was to cap the glorious achievement of 1980, when smallpox was eradicated in the wild, by destroying the killer virus in the last two labs that are supposed to have it—one in the US and one in Russia. If smallpox had truly gone from the planet, what point was there in keeping these reserves?in reality, of course, it was naive to imagine that everyone would let go of such a potential weapon. Undoubtedly several nations still have a fewmuch vials. And the last “official” stocks of lice virus bred mistrust of the US and Russia, for no obvious gain.Now American researchers have found an animal model of the human disease, opening the way for tests on new treatments and vaccines. So one again there’s a good reason to keep the virus —just in case t he disease puts in a reappearance.How do we_deal with the mistrust of the US and Russia? Simple Keep the virus under international auspices in a well-guarded UN laboratory that’s open to all countries. The US will object, of course, just as it rejects a multilateral approach to just about everything. But it doesn’t mean the idea is wrong. If the virus is useful, then let’s make it the servant of all humanity—not just a part of it.4 Diet, Alcohol Linked to Nearly One Third of CancersDiet is second only to tobacco as a leading cause of cancer and, along with alcohol, is responsible for nearly one third of cases of the disease in developed countries, a leading researcher said on Tuesday.Dr. Tim Key, of the University of Oxford, told a cancer conference that scientists are still discovering how certain foods contribute to cancer,but they know that diet, alcohol and obesity .play a major role.“Five percent of cancers could be avoided if nobody was obese,”he said.While tobacco is blinked to about 30 percent of cancer cases, diet is involved in an estimated 25 percent and alcohol in about six percent.Obesity raises the risk of breast, womb, bowel and kidney cancer,while alcohol is known to cause cancers of the mouth,throat and liver, Its dangerous impact is increased when combined with smoking.Key told the meeting of the charity Cancer Research UK that other elements of diet linked to cancer are still unknown but scientists are hoping that the EPIC study,which is comparing the diets of 500,000 people in 10 countries and their risk of cancer, will provide some answers.Early results of the study have revealed that Norway, Sweden and Denmark have the lowest consumption of fruit and vegetables among European countries while Italy and Spain have the highest.Eating at least five portions of fruit and vegetables a day is recommended to reduce the risk of cancer.Key, principal scientist on the EPIC study, said it is looking at dietary links to some of the most common cancers including colorectal, breast and prostate.5 Men Too May Suffer from Domestic ViolenceNearly three in 10 men have experienced violence at the hands of an intimate partner duringtheir lifetimes, according to one of the few studies to look at domestic violence and healthamong men."Many menactually do experience domestic violence, although we don't hear about it often," Dr. Robert J. Reid of the University of Washington in Seattle, one of the study'sauthors, told Reuters Health. "They often don't tell __ and__ we don't ask. We want to get themessage out to men who do experience domestic violence that they are not alone and thereare resources available to them "The researchers asked study participants about physical abuse and non-physical abuse ,such as threats that made them fear for their safety, controlling behavior (for example,being told who they could associate with and where they could go), and constant name-calling.Among men 18 to 54 years old, 14.2 percent said they had experienced intimate partner__violence in the past five years, while 6. 1 percent reported domestic violence in the previousyear.Rates were lower for men 55 and older ,with 5.3 percent reporting violence in the pastfive years and 2.4 percent having experienced it in the past 12 months.Overall, 30.5 percent of men younger than 55 and 26.5 percent of older men said they hadbeen victims of domestic violence at some point in their lives. About half of the violence themen experienced was physical.However, the physical violence men reported wasn't as harsh as that suffered bywomen in a previous study; 20 percent to 40 percent of the men rated it as severe, compared to 61percent of womenMen who reported experiencing domestic violence had more emotional and mentalhealthproblems than those who had not, especially older men, the researchers found.*6 Once-daily Pill Could Simplify HIV TreatmentBristol-MyersMyers Squibb and Gilead Sciences have combined many HIV drugs into a single pill Sometimes the best medicine is more than one kind of medicine. Malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS,2 for example, are all treated with combinations of drugs. But that can mean a lot of pills to take. It would be simpler if drug companies combined all the medicines into a single pill, taken just once a day.Now, two companies say they have done that for people just starting treatment for HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The companies are Bristol-Myers Squibb and Gilead Sciences. They have developed a single pill that combines three drugs currently on the market.3 Bristol-Myers Squibb sells one of them under the name of Sustiva.4 Gilead combined the others, Emtriva and Viread, into a single pill in two thousand four.Combining drugs involves more than technical issues. It also involves issues of competition if the drugs are made by different companies. The new once-daily pill is the result of what is described as the first joint venture agreement of its kind in the treatment of HIV In January the New England Journal of Medicine5published a study of the new pill. Researchers compared its effectiveness to6that of the widely used combination of Sustiva and Combivir. Combivir contains two drugs, AZT7 and 3TC.8 The researchers say that after one year of treatment, the new pill suppressed HIV levels in more patients and with fewer side effects.9 Gilead paid for the study. Professor Joel Gallant at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland, led the research. He is a paid adviser to Gilead and Bristol-Meyers Squibb as well as the maker of Combivir, GlaxoSmithKline.Glaxo Smith Kline reacted to the findings by saying that a single study is of limited value. It says the effectiveness of Combivir has been shown in each of more than fifty studies.The price of the new once-daily pill has not been announced. But Gilead and Bristol-Myers Squibb say they will provide it at reduced cost to developing countries. They plan in the next few months to ask the United States Food and Drug Administration10 to approve the new pill.There are limits to who could take it because of the different drugs it contains. For example, pregnant women are told not to take Sustiva because of the risk of birth disorders.11 Experts say more than forty million people around the world are living with HIV*7 ExerciseWhether or not exercise adds to the length of life, it is common experience that a certain amount of regular exercise improves the health and contributes a feeling of well-being. Furthermore, exerise which involves play and recreation, and relieves nervous tension and mental fatigue in so doing, is not only pleasant but beneficial.How much and what kind of exercise one should take merits careful consideration.Thegrowing child and the normal young man and young woman thrill with the exhilaration of strenuous sports. They fatigue to the point of exhaustion but recover promptly with a period of rest. But not so with those _of middle age and beyond. For them moderation is of vital importance. Just how much exercise a person of a given age can safely take is question hard _to answer. Individual variability is too great to permit of generalization. A game of tennis may be perfectly safe for one person of forty but folly for another. The sage limit for exercise depends on the condition of the heart, the condition of the muscles, the type of exercise, and the regularity with which it is taken. Two general suggestions, however, will serve as sound advice for anyone. The first is that the condition of the heart and general health should be determined periodically by careful, thorough physical examinations. The other is that exercise should be kept below the point of physical exhaustion.What type of exercise one should choose _depens upon one’s physical condition. Young people can safely enjoy vigorous competitive sports, but most older persons do better to limit themselves to less strenuous activities. Walking, swimming, skating are among the sports that one can enjoy and safely participate in throughout life. Regularity is important if one is to get the most enjoyment and benefit out of exercise.*第八篇 Old And Active（新增）It is well—known that life expectancy is longer in Japan than in most other countries. A recent report also shows that Japan has the longest health expectancy in the world．A healthy long life is the result of improvement in social environment.Scientists are trying to work out exactly what keeps elderly Japanese people so healthy, and whether there is a lesson to be learnt from their lifestyles for the rest of us. Should we make any changes to our eating habits, for instance, or go jogging each day before breakfast? Is there some secret ingredient in the Japanese diet that is particularly beneficial to the human body?Another factor contributing to the rapid population aging in Japan is a decline in birthrate．Although longer life should be celebrated, it is actually considered a social problem．The number of older people had doubled in the last half century and that has increased pension and medical costs．The country could soon be facing an economic problem, if there are so many old people to be looked after and relatively few younger people working and paying taxes to support them．Raising the retirement age from 65 to 70 could be one solution to the problem. Work can give the elderly a sense of responsibility and mission in life. It’s important that the elderly play active roles in the society and live in harmony with all generations.*9 Many Women Who Beat Cancer Don't Change HabitsMany women who battle breast cancer will tell you it's a life-changing experience. However,a new study shows that for many women, the changes aren't always positive or permanent.Beth Snoke has watched her mother and both grandmothers battle and survive breast cancer So when she was diagnosed, there was no doubt in her mind what she had to do."I do exactly what the doctors say as far as the medicine that I'm on, as far as thevitamins, the diet, and the fitness. And I can't stress enough how important that is," saysBeth Snoke. But a surprising new study shows that no every woman who beats breastcancer is getting that message. In fact, nearly 40% bf them say even after surviving breastcancer, they haven't made significant changes in the way they eat or how much theyexercise."Not all survivors are taking advantage of this teachable moment and making positive healthchanges in their life," says Electra Paskett, PhD, at Ohio State University's ComprehensiveCancer Center. Paskett says diet and exercise have been proven to not only help women feel betterduring and after treatment, they may also play a role in preventing some cancers fromcoming back. Despite growing evidence, some women just aren't listening."Colon cancer survivors who exercise have actually been shown to have improvedsurvival rates. So, yes, it is true that perhaps by making some of these healthy choices we canactually increase their health," says Paskett.As a breast cancer survivor herself , Paskett knows first hand how much difference dietand exercise can make The challenge, she says, is to get more survivors to be more likeBeth, during and after treatment.Experts say exercising more and eating a healthier diet can also cut down on stress andhelp women overcome depression. There are more than 2 million breast cancer survivors living inthe U.S. Of those, nearly a million have yet to change their diet or exercise routines.*10 Hospital MistreatmentAccording to a study, most medical interns report experiencing mistreatment, including humiliation by senior doctors, being threatened, or physical abuse in their first year out of medical school.The findings come from analysis of the responses to a 13-page survey mailed in January 1991 to 1, 733 second-year residents. The survey and analysis appear in the April 15th issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.Overall, out of the 1,277 residents who completed surveys, 1,185 said that they hadexperienced at least one incident of mistreatment in their intern year. In addition to reporting incidents where they were abused, more than 45% of the residents said they had witnessed at least one incident where other persons had made false medical records. Moreover, nearly three quarters of the residents said they had witnessed mistreatment of patients by other residents, attending physicians, or nurses. Almost 40% said patient mistreatment was a frequent event.More than 10% of the residents said they were not allowed to have enough sleep, and the average number of hours without _ sleep was 37.6. The average on-call hours during a _ typical week was 56.9 hours, but about 25% of the residents said their on-call assignments were more than 80 hours some weeks. Although30% of the residents said they experienced some type of sexual harassment or discrimination, verbal abuse was the most common problem cited. When abusive incidents were limited to events occurring three or more times, 53% of the respondents reported that they were belittled or humiliated by more senior residents, while just over 21% reported someone taking credit for their work. Being “given tasks for punishment,”“being pushed, kicked or hit,”and having someone “threatening your reputation or career,”were reported as a more frequent occurrence by over 10% of the responding residents.+11 Migrant WorkersIn the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another. While some newly independent countries have understandably restricted most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers. This is particularly the case in the Middle East,1where increased oil incomes have enabled many countries to call in outsiders to improve local facilities. Thus the Middle East has attracted oil-workers from the USA and Europe. It has brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries, including South Korea and Japan.In view of the difficult living and working conditions in the Middle East, 2 it is not surprising that the pay is high to attract suitable workers. Many engineers and technicians can earn at least twice as much money in the Middle East as they can in their own country, and this is a major attraction. An allied benefit is the low taxation or complete lack of it. 3This increases the net amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating advantage. For example, the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each other for safety and comfort. In a similar way, many migrant workers can save large sums of money partly because of the lack of entertainment facilities. The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greater challenge to engineers who prefer to find solutions to problems rather than do routine work in their home country.One major problem which affects migrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are temporary ones. They are nearly always on contract, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence. This is to be expected since no country welcomes a large number of foreignworkers as permanent residents. In any case, migrant workers accept this disadvantage, along with others, because of the considerable financial benefits which they receive.+12 Dreams（新增）Everyone can dream．Indeed, everyone does dream．Those who claim that they never dream at all actually dream just as frequently as the rest of us, though they may not remember anything about it．Even those of us who are perfectly aware of dreaming night after night very seldom remember those dreams in great detail but merely retain an untidy mixture of seemingly unrelated impressions. Dreams are not simply visual-we dream with all our sense, so that we appear to experience sound, touch, smell, and taste．One of the world's oldest known written documents is the Egyptian Book of Dreams．This volume is about five thousand years old, so you can see that dreams were believed to have a special significance even then．Many ancient civilizations believed that you should never ask a sleeping person as, during sleep, the soul had left the body and might not be able to return in time if the sleeper were suddenly awoken .From ancient times to the present day ,people have been making attempts to interpret dreams and to explain their significance．There are many books available on the subject of dream interpretation．although unfortunately there are almost as many meanings for a particular dream as there are books．+13 Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart AttackGerman researchers have come up with a new generation of defibrillators and early-warning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protection from sudden death from cardiac arrest.In Germany alone around 100,000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these cases are caused by disruption to the heart’s rhythm. Those most at risk are patients w ho have already suffered a heart attack, and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in diagnosing life-threatening disruption to heart rnythms and correcting them automatically by intervening within seconds. These devices take on a range of functions, such as that of pacemaker.Heart specialists at Freiburg’s University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator capable of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram (ECG) within the body. This integrated system allows early diagnosis of acute blood-flow problems and a pending heart attack. It will be implanted in patients for the first time this year. Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed new computer software that renders of ECG data more precise.The overwhelming majority of patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator andmust for this reason undergo regular ECGs. “Many of the current programs only get into account a linear correlation of the data. We are, however, making use in a non-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system,” Hagen Knaf says, “In this way changes in the heart beats over time can be monitored and individual variations in patients taken into account.” An old study of ECG data, based upon 600 patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack, enabled the researchers to compare risks and to show that the new software evaluates the data considerably better.+14 A Health Profile（新增）A Health profile is a portrait of all of the factors that influence your health．To draw your health profile，you will need to know what diseases run in your family，what health hazards you may be exposed to at work,ow your daily diet compares to the recommended standards，how nluch time per week you spend exercising and what type of exercise you engage in,how stressful your work and family environments are，what kinds of illnesses you get regularly,and whether or not you have any one of a number of addictions. To complete this portrait,you should have a checkup to determine how your blood，heart，and lungs are functioning.This checkup will serve as a baseline,to which you can then compare later tests．Once this profile is thoroughly drawn，you can begin to think about setting health priorities based on your particular portrait．For example，if you drink two martinis every evening,have a high-stress job ,are overweight，smoke a pack of cigarettes a day,and use marijuana occasionally on weekends，you should quit smoking first，followed by losing the excess weight，reducing the stress of your job，giving up your marihuana habit，and then finally giveing some thought to those martinis if you want to prevent first cancer，and then heart disease．Even for the youthful working person who has never been sick a day in his life,who is in excellent health．a good look at all health habits and at work and home environments may suggest changes that will benefit him in the future．+15 Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years（新增）A hundred years ago，life expectancy in developed countries was about 47: in the early 21st century, men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74. Women to about 80, and these ages are rising all the time. What has brought about these changes? When we look at the life span of people l00 years ago, we need to look at the greatest killers of the time. In the early 20th century, these were the acute and often high infectious diseases such as smallpox. Many children died very young from these diseases and others, and the weak and elderly were always at risk.In the developed world these diseases are far lessdeadly today, and in some cases have almost disappeared. A number of factor shave led to this: improvements in sanitation and hygiene, the discovery and use of antibiotics, which make bacterial diseases much less dangerous, andvaccinations against common diseases.In addition, people's general health has improved with improvements in our general environment: cleaner air, better means of preserving food，better and warmer housing，and better understanding of nutrition.Genetically，we should all be able to live to about 85 but while people do live longer today, there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age. The problems that affect people today are the more chronic illnesses, such as heart disease and strokes, and those spread by viruses, such as influenza and AIDS l. Of course, cancer is a huge killer as well. In most cases these diseases affect older people, but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesity leadingto more heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.The killers today can be classed as "lifestyle diseases"，which means that it may be possible to halt their progress.卫生类完型填空课文译文1.找到速效治疗剂可以更好控制结核病世界卫生组织估计全球有大约三分之一的人感染了导致结核病的病菌。
2014年职称英语模拟试题_卫生A_第二套答案与题解
2014年职称英语卫生类A级全真模拟试题(二)答案与题解第一部分：词汇选项CABAA BDBAB ABDAB第二部分：阅读判断16 C 文中未提到。
17 B第一段第二句This kind of surgery is called cosmetic surgery, and both men and women are turning to this treatment as a way of keeping their appearance young as well as keeping competitive (有竞争力的) in their jobs。
由此可见一个人的外貌会影响他的职场竞争力。
18 B第一段最后一句These operations are not without dangers, however.这些手术是有危险的。
19 A 第二段She described her experience as terrible.可见这是糟糕的经历。
20 C 文中没有说到她没有付钱。
21 C 文中未提到。
22 A全文最后一句Patients often must have more liposuction to correct the problem由此可见病人需要接受多次手术。
第三部分：概括大意与完成句子23 D第二段的第一句话说应该记住一件很重要的事就是鲜花对温度很敏感，接下来举了康乃馨的例子，最后一句话说保持鲜花在最适宜的温度是最重要的部分。
所以Most Important Aspect of Flower Care概括了本段的内容。
24 C第三段讲的都是呼吸对花的重要性，如通过呼吸作用，花获得保持外形和颜色，以及产生花籽所需要的能量，但同时呼吸也是导致鲜花死亡的因素。
25 A第四段的开头提出了问题：如何控制花死亡的速度，接下去作者回答了这个问题，即控制呼吸作用。
所以Control of Respiration概括了本段的内容。
2014年职称英语《卫生A》真题答案解析
1答案：A 形容词。
hollow“空腹的；空的”，选项中只有empty同义，故选A。
本句的意思是：他因害怕而感到腹中空空。
sincere“真诚的；诚挚的”；respectful“恭敬的；有礼貌的”；terrible“可怕的”。
2答案：B 动词。
duplicate“复制；重复”，reproduce“复制；重现”，因此两词都意为“复制”，选B。
本句意为：最初的实验不能完全复制。
invent“发明、创造”；design“设计、构思”；report“报告”。
3 答案：B 动词。
span“持续”，与last同义，选B。
本句的意思是：他的职业生涯长达16年。
start“开始”；change“改变”；move“移动”。
4答案：B 名词。
deed“（所做的）事情；行为”，act“行为、行动”，两者同义，故选B。
本句意思是：她觉得她这一天做了好事。
homework“家庭作业”；Justice“公正；正义”；model“典型；模范”。
5答案：A 动词。
advocate意为“提倡、拥护”，support“支持、拥护”，两者同义，选A。
本句的意思是：该集团不主张使用暴力。
limit“限制、限定”；regulate“调节、控制”；oppose“反对；对抗”。
6答案：D 形容词。
stationary“静止的、不动的”，motionless“静止的、一动不动的”，两词同义，故选D。
本句意为：一些大鸟能在空中保持静止几分钟。
silent“安静的、寂静的”；seated“就座的；固定的”；true“正确的；真实的”。
7答案：A 名词。
inclination意为“倾向、趋向”，tendency与它同义，故选A。
本句意为：有一种趋向认为地理是一门次要的科学。
point“要点、重点”；result“结果”；finding“发现”。
8答案：A 形容词。
absurd“滑稽可笑的；荒谬的”，ridiculous“可笑的；荒谬的”，两词同义，故选A。
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2014年职称英语教材卫生类完型填空第一篇Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is FoundThe World Health Organization1 estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis. Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB, usually in their 1 .Two million people die 2 it. The disease has 3 with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis.Current treatments take at least six months. Patients have to 4 a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop 5 they feel better. Doing that can 6 to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how 7 it might be.A professor of international health at Harvard University2 led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients 8.It would also mean 9 infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others.The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They 10 the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might 11 about twenty-five percent of TB deaths. The model shows that these 12 would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. That is, if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve.The World Health Organization 13 the DOTS3 program in nineteen ninety. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make 14 they continue treatment.Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research 15 new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development4 says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.词汇：cure /kjʊə/ n.疗法,治疗；良药bacterium /bæk'tɪərɪəm/ (pl bacteria)n.细菌tuberculosis /tjʊ,bɜːkjʊ'ləʊsɪs/ n.结核（病)inactive /ɪn'æktɪv/ adj.不活跃的,非活动性的antibiotic /,æntɪbaɪ'ɒtɪk/ adj.抗生的；n.抗生素infectious /ɪn'fekʃəs/ adj.传染性的infection /ɪn'fekʃ(ə)n/ n.传染,感染;传染病ma thematical /mæθ(ə)'mætɪk(ə)l/ adj.数学（上）的partnership /'pɑːtnəʃɪp/ n.合作,合伙;合作伙伴,合伙人alliance /ə'laɪəns/ n.同盟,联盟注释：1. World Health Organization (WHO):世界卫生组织2. Harvard University ( = Harvard)：(美国）哈佛大学3. DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course):短期直接观察治疗4. Global Alliance for TB Drug Development:全球结核病药物开发联盟练习：l. A. kidneys B. lungs C. bones D. livers2. A. with B. without C. of D. out of3. A. increased B. decreased C. changed D. disappeared4. A. make B. take C. try D. test5. A. as if B. as though C. as far as D. as soon as6. A. refer B. apply C. lead D. amount7. A. effective B. ineffective C. expensive D. inexpensive8. A. cured B. to cure C. being cured D. having been cured9. A. many B. more C. few D. fewer10. A. provided B. introduced C. tested D. tempted11. A. bring about B. contributed to C. promote D. prevent12. A. increases B. reductions C. creations D. collections13. A. developed B. invented C. delayed D. refused14. A. easy B. uneasy C. sure D. unsure15. A. with B. to C. onto D. into2014年职称英语教材卫生类完型填空第一篇Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is Found答案与题解：1. B结核病多发于肺部,这是一般的常识。
2. C die of意思是―死于某种疾病‖，其他三个介词都不与die搭配。
3. A本句后半部说到艾滋病的传播和抗药型结核病的出现,那么根据推理,结核病自然应该增加,而不可能―减少‖或―消失‖。
至于―变化‖,不应该是结核病本身发生变化,而应该是发病率发生变化。
4. B从本句的前后句可以推测到本句想说的是―病人每天必须服用几种抗生素药物‖，而服药只能选择take,其他几个动词都不合适。
5. D答题时请注意句首的But这个词,显然与上句意思发生转折,而四个选项中as if、as though都是―仿佛,宛如‖的意思，as far as则是―至于……,就……而言‖的意思,填在这里均不合适,只有as soon as (―一……就……‖）才恰当。
6. C本空白处后面有介词to,虽然这几个选项均可与to连用,但意思各不相同:refer to:―谈及‖，―参考‖；applyto:―接洽‖，―适用于‖；lead to:―导致‖；amount to:―合计,总共达……‖，只有选择lead才能使本句意思完整、准确。
7. A只要用心注意上面那句话就可以很容易地找到答案,显然本句想说―现在有一项新的研究想评估这种速效治疗剂究竟效力有多大‖。
8. A本句考查的是语法。
根据所给的动词,我们可以猜到本句想说的是―Joshua Salomon 说,疗程较短的治疗计划可能意味着不仅仅是更多病人被治好‖。
这里从语法分析,应该是缺一个定语修饰patients。
cure是一个及物动词,病人应是被治疗者。
B项to cure不能表示被动;C和D虽然有表示被动的意思,但是C是―正在被治疗‖，D是―已经被治疗‖，二者隐含的时态在这里均不合适,只有A才是恰当的。
9. D前句说到更多病人可以被治愈,根据推理,后句应该是―将感染传递给别人的传染病人就会更少‖，因为前后两句实际上具有因果关系。
这里必须用比较级fewer,因为few是表示―不多的,几乎没有的‖（=not many),而fewer 则只是与以前比较―更少‖，并没有明确多少。
10. C只有填C项tested (―检验‖)才能符合上下文意思,其他三项不仅词义不合适,词的用法也不对。