英语_四级考点语法结构
完整版专四英语语法考点分析解析
语法考点之一:虚拟语气考点1.If从句中的虚拟语气1、与过去事实相反:从句sbhad done,主句sb would(should, could, might)+havedone;2、省略if,从句的语序用到装,即将were,had或should移至主语的前面,但否定词not不前移。
3、与将来事实相反:从句sb did (should+do或were+todo),主句sb would (should,could, might)+do。
4、错综条件句:主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段。
比如:从句对过去虚拟,而主句对现在虚拟,即从句sb had done,主句sb would(should, could, might)+do;考点2:表示建议、要求、命令等动词如insist,order,command, suggest, advise, propose, a sk,require, request,demand引导的从句及it引导的相应的分词、名词和形容词从句,谓语用(should)+动词原形。
考点3:Itis +advisable,essential, important, imperative,incredible等从句,谓语用(should)+动词原形。
考点4:it is(high/about)time that的结构中,从句使用一般过去式。
例如:考点5:much as"尽管,虽然"引导让步状语从句,从句中用would havedone表示假设。
考点6:if only, wish,as if/as though引导从句,与过去事实相反:had +done;与现在事实相反:动词过去式;与将来事实相反:could/would+do考点7:would rather/sooner从句中使用一般过去式或过去完成式分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟考点8:lest/ forfear that+(should) +原形动词。
大学英语四级考试的考点有哪些知识点汇总
英语四级考试的考点有哪些一、语法部分考查重点1 、虚拟语气的考点为:would rather+that从句+一般过去时;It is vital/necessary/important/urgent /imperative /desirable /advisable /natural /essential +that +( should )动词原形;proposal /suggestion +that +动词原形;It is time/about time/high time+that+一般过去时;lest +that +should +动词原形;if only+that+would+动词原形。
2 、状语从句的考点为:非if 引导的条件状语从句,此类句子多用at times ,provided ,so long as ,in case ,once 等来替代if ;由 even if /so,now that ,for all 等引导的让步状语从句;just /hardly...when引导的时间状语从句;more than ,as...as,not so much as,the same as,as much as等引导的比较状语从句。
3 、独立主格结构:多以逻辑主语+分词的形式出现。
4 、情态动词:多与完成时形式连用。
5、定语从句:重点考查介词+关系代词(which)和 as 作为关系代词。
二、词汇部分考查重点1、动词、名词与介词的搭配如: popular /patient +with ;yield /s olution /adapt /transfer /access +to ;accuse/require +of ;charge +for ;under +discussion等等。
2、习惯用法如: confess to /set about /be used to +doing ;be supposed to /have/make sb.+ do 等。
大学英语四级语法表(最新版)
大学英语四级语法表(最新版)
本文档是大学英语四级语法表的最新版本,旨在帮助学生系统地研究和掌握英语四级考试中的语法知识。
以下是主要内容:
1. 词类
- 名词:用途、单复数形式、所有格
- 代词:人称代词、指示代词、反身代词、不定代词
- 动词:时态、语态、情态动词
- 形容词和副词:形容词和副词的比较级和最高级、副词修饰动词、形容词修饰名词
- 介词:常见介词及其用法
- 连词:并列连词、从属连词、关联词等
2. 句子结构
- 句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等
- 句子类型:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句等
- 句子的基本结构:主谓结构、主谓宾结构、主谓宾补结构、主谓双宾结构等
3. 从句和复合句
- 名词性从句:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等
- 定语从句:限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句
- 状语从句:时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句等
- 复合句:主从复合句、并列复合句
4. 语态和时态
- 时态:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等
- 语态:主动语态、被动语态
5. 其他语法知识点
- 倒装句
- 强调句
- 虚拟语气
- 直接引语和间接引语
以上仅为大纲内容,具体细节请参考教材和相关语法书籍。
注意:本文档仅供参考,语法知识的学习还需结合实际练习进行。
祝你考试顺利!。
英语四级语法必备知识点
英语四级语法必备知识点动词(时态,语态,用法,省略,一致性等)时态1)现在完成进行时态(have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束.I’ve been writing letters for an hour.I’ve been sitting in the garden.2)过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作I’d been working for some time when he called.We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.3)将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作.By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.4)将来完成时(由shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时已发生的事.I shall have finished this one before lunch.They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.语态可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如:He was said to be jealous of her success.It was said that he was jealous of her success.能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,under stand等.It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.The ship is supposed to have been sunk.担当be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如:Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你应该晓得速度限制) 双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态双宾语结构的被动语态: 双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语.He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.宾补结构的被动语态:She was called Big Sister by everybody.Then he was made a squad leader.He was considered quite qualified for the job.The room was always kept clean and tidy.短语动词Vi + advThe plane took off two hours late.Vi + prepThey looked round the Cathedral.Vi + prep (有被动语态)She’s looking after her sister’s children.The children were always well looked after.Vi + adv + prepI began to look forward to their visits.Vt + O + advSome women choose to stay at home and bring up their children.The children were brought up by their mother.They took him on.Vt + adv + O (无被动语态)I am trying to give up smoking.Vt + O + prepWe talked Donald into agreement.在以as, than, when, if, unless等引导的从句中的省略:在有些状语从句中,如果谓语包含有动词be,主语又和主句的主语一致a),或者主语是it b),就常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分(特别是动词be)省略掉.Look out for cars when crossing the street.When taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effects.While there he joined in voluntary labour on a project.Although not yet six months old, she was able to walk without support.If not well managed, irrigation can be harmful.Though reduced in numbers, they gained in fighting capacity.This viewpoint, however understandable, is wrong.Enemies, once discovered, were tightly encircled and completely wiped out.She hurriedly left the room as though/if angry.She worked extremely hard though still rather poor in health.Fill in the application as instructed.Whenever known, such facts should be reported.The documents will be returned as soon as signed.He said that no acrobat could ever perform those daring feats unless trained very young.Once having made a promise, you should keep it.If necessary I’ll have the letter duplicated.Fill in the blanks with articles where(ver) necessary.If possible, I should like to have two copies of it.As scheduled, they met on January 20 at the Chinese Embassy.在以than a) 或as b) 引起的从句中,常会有一些成分省略.He told me not to use more material than (it is) necessary.We should think more of the collective than of ourselves.They worked with as much enthusiasm as young people (did).He is now a vice-manager, but still often works in the kitchen as before.Their training is free, as is all education.We will, as always, stand on your side.错误的省略His life is as fully committed to books as anyone I know.While standing there in her nightgown, two bullets struck the wall beside her.一致如果主语是单数,尽管后面跟有with, together with, as well as, as much as, no less than, more than等引导的短语,谓语动词仍旧用单数形式.Terry, along with her friend, goes skating every Saturday.An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work.The captain, as well as the coaches, was disappointed in the team.英语四级翻译必备知识点1. 介词使用(of/to/in…)回顾:过中秋节的习俗于唐代早期在中国各地开始流行。
CET4语法考点全解析
CET4语法考点全解析在准备英语四级考试的过程中,语法一直是考生们比较头疼的一个部分。
由于语法知识点众多,考试时往往容易混淆,因此,了解并掌握每个语法考点是非常重要的。
本文将对CET4考试中常见的语法考点进行全面解析,帮助考生在备考中有针对性地进行复习。
一、冠词冠词是英语中一种常见的虚词,包括定冠词“the”和不定冠词“a/an”。
定冠词“the”表示特指,常用于特定的人、事物或概念;不定冠词“a/an”表示泛指,常用于不特定的人、事物或概念。
在考试中,考生需要注意正确使用冠词,避免使用错误或遗漏。
二、时态英语时态是考试中的重要考点之一,主要包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时等。
考生需要根据句意和语境选择正确的时态,避免时态错误导致句子不通顺或不符合语法规则。
三、名词名词是英语中一种表示事物、人或概念的词汇,可分为可数名词和不可数名词。
在考试中,考生需要注意名词的单复数形式、所有格形式以及名词性从句的使用,避免在句子中出现名词错误。
四、动词动词是英语中一种表示行为或状态的词汇,主要包括一般动词、情态动词、动词的时态和语态等。
在考试中,考生需要注意动词的时态和语态的正确使用,避免主谓不一致或动词形式错误。
五、代词代词是英语中一种用来代替名词或其他词汇的词汇,包括人称代词、物主代词、反身代词等。
在考试中,考生需要注意代词的正确使用,避免在句子中出现代词错误或误解。
六、连接词连接词是英语中一种用来连接句子、短语或词汇的词汇,包括并列连词、从属连词和连接副词等。
在考试中,考生需要注意连接词的使用,保持句子逻辑性和通顺性。
七、介词介词是英语中一种用来表示位置、方向或关系的词汇,包括时间介词、地点介词和方式介词等。
在考试中,考生需要注意介词的正确使用,避免在句子中出现介词错误或误解。
总结:通过上述对CET4语法考点的全面解析,考生可以更好地理解和掌握英语语法知识,提高语法水平和应试能力。
大学英语四级常考语法总结
大学英语四级常考语法总结一、虚拟语气。
应着重复习能引起虚拟语气的某些介词、介词短语和连词(如lest, in case, otherwise等);一部分表示建议、主张、命令等概念的词语,由于本身隐含说话人的主观愿望,其后的主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句往往采用“should+动词原形”;虚拟倒装句;在would rather, wish, as if, it’s time that等句型中使用适当形式表达主观愿望;混合虚拟句。
二、独立主格题。
一般说来,在句子中没有连接词的情况下,逗号是无力连接两个句子的,其中一个分句要么是非谓语形式,要么是独立主格结构。
两种结构都做状语,不同的是独立主格结构有自己的逻辑主语。
三、时态。
英语中共有16个时态。
四级考试中出现最多的是将来完成时、现在完成时、过去完成时和完成进行时。
四、名词性从句。
形容词性的定语从句是考核的重点,用什么引导词,引导词前面的介词形式,引导词在从句中做什么成分,从句的语序等均有可能成为考点。
此外,主语从句、同位语从句、宾语从句也应适当复习。
五、主谓一致。
这类考题灵活性大,需要根据实际情况判断谓语动词的单复数形式。
一部分具有生命意义的集合名词做主语时谓语动词多采用复数形式,如people, poultry, militia等;用and连接的成分表单一概念时谓语动词用单数;就近原则:主语中含有某些连词(如as well as, besides, in addition to等)时,谓语动词的数同第一个主语保持一致。
六、倒装结构。
分为全部倒装和部分倒装。
那些否定词(组)、介词短语能引起倒装句,部分倒装和全部倒装有和区别,as在倒装结构中的用法及意义等等,都是考生应当重视的地方。
七、非谓语动词。
①根据非谓语动词同其所修饰的名词或逻辑主语的一致关系,确定使用主动语态或被动语态,然后考虑采用现在分词、现在分词被动式或过去分词;②非谓语动词同主句谓语动词动作发生的先后关系。
英语四级语法总结
英语四级语法总结英语四级语法总结英语四级语法是英语四级考试中的重要一部分,掌握好语法知识对于提高阅读、写作以及听力的能力都有很大的帮助。
下面是英语四级语法的总结,希望对大家备考四级有所帮助。
一、时态1. 一般现在时用于表达经常性、习惯性的动作、状态或客观事实。
结构:主语 + 动词原形 (+其他)例如:She often goes jogging in the morning.她经常在早上慢跑。
Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.水在100摄氏度时沸腾。
2. 现在进行时用于表示现阶段正在进行的动作。
结构:主语 + be动词(am/is/are) + 现在分词 (+其他)例如:I am studying for the exam.我正在为考试而学习。
3. 一般过去时用于表示已经发生过的动作或状态。
结构:主语 + 动词过去式 (+其他)例如:She traveled to Japan last year.她去年去了日本。
4. 过去进行时用于表示过去某个时间里正在进行的动作。
结构:主语 + was/were + 现在分词 (+其他)例如:They were watching a movie at 8 p.m. yesterday.昨天晚上8点他们正在看电影。
5. 一般将来时用于表示将来发生的动作或状态。
结构:主语 + will/shall + 动词原形 (+其他)例如:We will go on a trip next month.我们下个月将去旅行。
6. 将来进行时用于表示将来某个时间段里正在进行的动作。
结构:主语 + will be + 现在分词 (+其他)例如:He will be sleeping at midnight.他将在午夜时睡觉。
7. 现在完成时用于表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
结构:主语 + have/has + 过去分词 (+其他)例如:I have finished my homework.我已经完成作业。
英语四级语法(基础)
短译群中的修饰语(插入语)
It is generally recognized, however, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, although its impact on the media was not immediately apparent.
修饰语的翻译(定语从句)
It assumes that there is an agreed on of human rights, which is something the world does not have.
意群的类型:
主谓宾结构: I speak English.
主谓(修)结构: Tom runs fast.
冠词:
a, an, the:
At same time, educational researchers have come up with innovative teaching strategies for kids.
名词性从句
从属连词: where, when, why, how, whether, if
从属连词that: The captain ordered that everyone should abandon the ship immediately.
修饰语的翻译(定语从句)
You are the girl who I’m looking for. 特点:1.从句成分不完整 2.先行词必须在从句当中充当一个 成分 3.引导词不充当任何成分且没有意 义
英语 四级考点语法结构
(should) + 动词原形 虚拟语气常见并在复习中特别要加以注意的:
1, 虚拟倒装句;
2, 用虚拟的句型: 在 would rather, wish, as if, it’s time that 等 句型中使用适当形式表达主观愿望:
语法结构
would rather + that 从句 + 一般过去时 It is time It is about time + that + 一般过去时 It is high time It is vital (重要的, 生死攸关的, 致命的) It is necessary It is important It is urgent It is imperative (必要的事, 势在必行的, It is desirable It is advisable (明智的, 适当的) It is natural It is essential It is proposal It is suggestion It is lest + that + should + 动词原形 If only + that + would + 动词原形
英语专业四级词汇语法辅导时态代词情态动词形容词副词句子成分
• 2.Mr. Wells, together with all the members of his family, ____ for Europe this afternoon.(2004—51)
一般现在时
• 考点三:在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter +宾语从句, 从句用一般现在时代 替一般将来时。
For example: • So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he
finishes the experiment. • 只要他努力工作, 我不介意他什么时候做完试验
一般现在时
• 考点一:表示永恒的真理,即使出现在过去的语境中,
仍用一般现在时。
• I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.
•
考点二:在时间和条件状语从句中,代替一般将来时;
常用的引导词有:
•
•
I have learned English for ten years.
现在完成时
• 考 点 二 : 常 见 的 不 确 定 的 时 间 状 语 : lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days, for
英语专业四级词汇语法辅导时态代 词情态动词形容词副词句子成分
1、一般现在时
主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点; 表示经常或习惯性的动作,句子中常有 often, always, from time to time 等时间状 语; 表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 • He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. • She has a brother who lives in New York. • The earth goes around the sun. • Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.
2023上半年英语四级必备语法知识点(10篇)
2023上半年英语四级必备语法知识点(1)非谓语动词与独立主格:短语,句子(或者句子,短语)当短语部分有独立主语,并且该主语不同于句子主语,这时短语结构称为独立主格。
(它最明显的特点是短语部分有独立的主语)。
独立主格的结构1:名词(代词)+ 分词[现在分词、过去分词]现在分词表示主动的,正在进行的行为;过去分词表示被动的,已经完成的行为。
作题时要通过判断动作与名词(代词)之间的关系来确定是使用现在分词还是过去分词。
当动作由名词(代词)发出时使用现在分词,而名词(代词)是受动者时则用过去分词。
1. Silver is the best conductor of electricity,copper _B_ it closely.A followedB followingC to followD being followed2. All things _A_,the planned trip will have to be called off.A consideredB be consideredC consideringD having consideredcall off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四级中的考点就是现在分词和过去分词的区别。
独立主格的结构2:with + 名词(代词)+ 分词[句子当中作状语]3. After the Arab states won independence,great emphasis was laid on expanding education,with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.A to be encouragedB been encouragedC being encouragedD be encouragedas well as 和(相当于and); be encouraged不会考。
大学英语四级语法
(听说、听到)
d) 在动词help(或help +宾语)之后可用不带to的不定式, 也可用带to的不定式. Can I help (to) lift this heavy box
e) 在介词except, but 之后, 如果其前有动词do的某种 形式, 不定式一般不带to, 反之带to. There is nothing to do except wait till it stops raining. Smith will do anything but work on a farm. There’s no choice but to wait till it stops raining.
/
过去将来 should/would do
/
should/would have done 用于虚
拟语气 /
过去
现在
将来
过去将来
一般
was/were given am/is/are given
will/shall be given
should/would be given
进行
was/were being am/is/are being given
动名词
具有动作性特征的名词 1)是名词 seeing is believing 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语
一)动名词的形式:
一般形式:I don't like you smoking. 完成形式:I regret not having taken your
advice. 被动形式:This question is far from being
c) 在make do, make believe, let drop, let fall, let fly, let slip, let drive, let go of, let there be, hear say, hear tell, leave go of等固定搭配中, 用不带to的动词不定式. John let fly a torrent of abuse at me. (一顿咒骂)
英语四级语法总结(全)
英语四级语法总结(全)一:时态:所谓的"时态",就是时间+状态。
谓语动词的时态见下表:1.主动形式2.被动形式❖CET-4 常考的三种时态:过去完成时;将来完成时;(现在/过去)完成进行时。
❖时间状语从句当中的时态:一般过去时所有的过去用一般现在时表示现在和将来现在完成时现在完成和将来完成一.非谓语动词一.不定式:一)不定式的常考形式:1)一般形式:He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.语法功能:表示与谓语动词同步发生2)完成形式:He pretended not to have seen me.被动形式:The book is said to have been translated into many languages.语法功能:表示发生在谓语动词之前二)不定式常考的考点:1)不定式做定语----将要发生2)不定式做状语----目的3)不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.三)不定式的省略1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel+ do 表示动作的完整性,真实性;+ doing表示动作的连续性,进行性I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。
(强调"我看见了"这个事实)I saw him working in the garden yesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活。
(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作)❖感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词:The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原toI ‘d like to have John do it.I have my package weighed.Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn.3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do四)有些动词后只跟不定式如:want,wish,hope,manage,promise,refuse,pretend,plan, offer,decide,agree,expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to dobe ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。
英语四级语法
英语四级语法引言:英语四级考试是中国大学生普遍参加的一项考试,其考查内容包括听力、阅读、写作和语法等方面。
其中,语法是四级考试中的重要部分,也是考生评分的关键因素之一。
掌握英语四级语法对于提高整体得分具有重要意义。
本文将分析四级语法的基本要点,包括动词时态、语态、情态动词和句子结构等方面。
动词时态:动词时态是指动词所表示的动作或状态在时间上所处的位置。
在四级考试中,基本的时态包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时和将来完成时。
掌握这些时态的用法,能够帮助我们准确表达过去、现在和将来的动作。
语态:语态是指动词所表示的动作或状态与主语之间的关系。
英语中一般有两种语态形式,即主动语态和被动语态。
在四级考试中,我们需要掌握被动语态的构成和使用。
被动语态能够用于强调动作的承受者而不强调执行动作的主体。
掌握被动语态的用法能够使我们的句子更加灵活多样。
情态动词:情态动词是英语中的一类特殊动词,包括can、may、must、shall、will等等。
情态动词与其他动词不同,它们单独存在于句子中,没有人称和数的变化,并且后续动词一般采用原形。
情态动词在四级考试中经常出现,我们需要学会它们的用法和意义。
句子结构:句子结构是指句子按照一定的语法规则组成的方式。
在英语中,句子通常由主语、谓语、宾语和其他成分构成。
在四级考试中,我们要学会正确构建句子,避免语法错误。
此外,掌握句子结构还能够帮助我们理解和分析文章中的逻辑关系。
总结:英语四级语法是提高整体得分的重要一环。
掌握动词时态、语态、情态动词和句子结构等基本要点,能够帮助我们在四级考试中有效表达和理解英语语言。
在备考阶段,我们可以通过大量的练习和积累来巩固这些知识点。
同时,在考试中要注意细心审题,避免语法错误给自己带来不必要的扣分。
通过良好的备考和实践,相信大家都能在英语四级考试中取得好成绩。
四级考试语法结构测试重点--(特殊)倒装结构-四级语法
英语句⼦结构中有两种语序:⼀种是⾃然语序(Natural Word-order),与汉语是⼀致的,即"主语+谓语",另外⼀种是倒装语序(Inverted Word-order),即把谓语动词的全部或⼀部分置于主语之前,或把宾语、表语置于主语之前。
倒装句(Inversion)有两种情况:⼀种是普通的倒装句---疑问句,这种倒装句是由把助动词或动词的⼀部分置于主语之前构成;另⼀种是特殊的倒装句,这种倒装句⽐较复杂,有⼀定的词语和句型的要求,即某些含有否定意义的词语或词组放在句⾸,表⽰强调,句⼦要求⽤倒装结构。
特殊的倒装句有两种形式:⼀种是将助动词或情态动词置于主语之前,没有助动词则需要加do,does或 did,这种倒装句称为"不完全倒装"或"部分倒装"(Partial Inversion);另⼀种是将整个谓语部分放在主语之前,不⽤助动词,这种倒装句称为"完全倒装"(Full Inversion)。
倒装句是英语语法中的重点,也是英语学习中的难点。
在各类英语考试中,都会出现特殊的倒装结构这类语法项⽬,因此需要逐⼀学习、记忆并掌握它们的要求和⽤法。
下⾯就这种特殊的倒装结构这⼀语法项⽬常见的情况例释如下,以引起参加各种英语考试的同学的重视:⼀、含有否定意义的副词或副词短语引起的倒装某些表⽰否定意义的副词或副词短语位于句⾸,表⽰强调,句⼦要求⽤倒装结构。
常见的这类副词或副词短语有:never,seldom , rarely,no sooner...than,hardly/scarcely/ barely...when,no,little,nowhere,not,hardly,no longer, not until,not only...but also等等。
1、never,rarely,seldom位于句⾸,⽤于进⾏"⽐较",句⼦要求⽤倒装结构。
cet4大纲
cet4大纲
CET-4(College English Test Band 4)即大学英语四级考试,是由我国教育部主管的一项全国性教学考试。
CET-4主要目的是对大学生的实际英语能力进行客观、准确的测量,为大学英语教学提供服务。
根据《大学英语教学大纲》(1999版),CET-4对考生的语法和词汇要求如下:
一、大纲要求
1. 巩固和加深基本语法知识,提高在语篇水平上运用语法知识的能力。
2. 领会式掌握4200个单词(其中复用式掌握的单词为2500),以及由这些词构成的常用词组1600条(中学所掌握的词和词组均包括在内),并且有按照基本构词法识别生词的能力。
二、四级语法结构与词汇考查内容
1. 语法考题的涉及面宽,包括几乎所有词类、三种动词的非谓语形式、名词从句、形容词从句、副词从句、独立主格、一致、倒装、强
调等基本语法知识。
2. 语法考试的重点突出,内容庞杂较难掌握的项目反复出现,如虚拟语气、状语从句、定语从句、独立主格、情态动词等。
3. 近年来考题中的新趋势:若干考点混合出现,一些交际用语也时常出现在考题中。
CET-4考试主要考查学生运用语言的能力,同时考核学生对语法结构和词语用法的掌握程度。
考试范围主要包括教学大纲所规定的一级至四级的全部内容(说与译的内容除外)。
除短文写作是主观性试题外,其余试题都采用客观性的多项选择题。
英语四级常考的语法讲义知识点
英语四级常考的语法讲义知识点2009-06-30 15:23【加入收藏夹】四级语法讲义一:时态:所谓的"时态",就是时间+状态。
谓语动词的时态见下表:1.主动形式过去现在将来过去将来一般did do will/shall do should/would do进行was/were doing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing /完成had donehave/has done will/shall have done should/would have done用于虚拟语气完成进行had been doing have/has been doing / /2.被动形式过去现在将来过去将来一般was/were given am/is/are given will/shall be given should/would be given 进行was/were being given am/is/are being given / /完成had been given have/has been given will/shall have been givenshould/would have been given完成进行/ / /CET-4 常考的三种时态:过去完成时;将来完成时;(现在/过去)完成进行时。
v 时间状语从句当中的时态:一般过去时所有的过去用一般现在时表示现在和将来现在完成时现在完成和将来完成一.非谓语动词一.不定式:一)不定式的常考形式:1) 一般形式:He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.语法功能:表示与谓语动词同步发生2) 完成形式:He pretended not to have seen me.被动形式:The book is said to have been translated into many languages.语法功能:表示发生在谓语动词之前二)不定式常考的考点:1)不定式做定语----将要发生2)不定式做状语----目的3)不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.三)不定式的省略1)感官动词see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel+ do表示动作的完整性,真实性;+ doing 表示动作的连续性,进行性I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。
英语四级语法 冠词与形容词+名词结构
xx年英语四级语法冠词与形容词+名词结构xx年英语四级语法:冠词与形容词+名词结构1) 两个形容词都有冠词,表示两个不同东西。
He raises a black and a white cat. 他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。
The black and the white cats are hers. 这只黑猫和白猫都是他的'。
2) 如后一个形容词无冠词,那么指一物。
He raises a black and white cat. 他养了一只花猫。
1) 不定冠词位置不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。
注意:a. 位于以下形容词之后: such,what,many,half,I have never seen such an animal.Many a man is fit for the job.b. 当名词前的形容词被副词as, so, too, how, however, enough修饰时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后:It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.So short a time.Too long a distance.c. quite,rather与单数名词连用,冠词放在其后。
但当rather,quite 前仍有形容词,不定冠词放其前后均可。
如:quite a lotd. 在as,though 引导的让步状语从句中,当标语为形容词修饰的名词时,不定冠词放形容词后:Brave a man though he is,he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他尽管勇敢,可见到蛇还是发抖。
当名词被比拟级形容词修饰时,不定冠词通常置于比拟级形容词之后。
2) 定冠词位置定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前,但放在all, both,double,half,twice,three times等词之后,名词之前。
All the students in the class went out. 班里的所有学生都出去了。
修改名词:英语四级语法
修改名词:英语四级语法名词是英语中非常重要的一部分语法。
在英语四级考试中,对名词的正确使用和修改是一个重要的考点。
本文将介绍一些常见的名词修改规则。
1. 单数名词的复数形式单数名词变为复数形式的规则如下:- 大部分名词在词尾加上 -s,例如 book - books。
- 以 -s, -x, -sh, -ch 结尾的名词,在词尾加上 -es,例如 box - boxes。
- 以辅音字母 + y 结尾的名词,将 y 变为 i,再加上 -es,例如baby - babies。
- 以元音字母 + y 结尾的名词,在词尾加上 -s,例如 day - days。
2. 不可数名词的可数化有些不可数名词可以通过添加量词或转化为可数名词来表示数量。
具体方法如下:- 使用量词来表示数量,例如 "a cup of coffee"。
- 将不可数名词转化为可数名词,通常通过添加 "-piece" 或 "-item",例如 "a piece of advice"。
3. 名词的所有格形式名词所有格形式用来表示名词与其他名词之间的关系。
具体规则如下:- 对于大部分名词,加上 -'s,例如 John's book。
- 对于以 -s 结尾的名词,只需要在词尾加上 -',例如 girls' room。
4. 名词的复合形式名词可以通过连接两个或多个单词形成复合名词。
具体规则如下:- 名词与名词之间使用连字符 -,例如 mother-in-law。
- 名词与动词之间使用连字符 -,例如 make-up。
- 名词与形容词之间使用连字符 -,例如 high-speed。
以上是一些常见的名词修改规则,希望对你学习英语四级语法有所帮助。
记住这些规则,多进行练习,提升你的语法水平!。
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语法结构
1.4.2 what 引导名词从句作主语时,其表语是复数形式时, 系动词也可以是复数形式 例28, What we badly need here are qualified teachers.
1.4.3, 当主语是单数, 后面跟着由 including, with, together with, along with, like, in addition to, as well as, rather than, but, except, more than, accompanied by 等连接的短语时,谓语动
2,确认逻辑关系:
例2, (95.6) All flights __ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train。 A, had been cancelled B, have been cancelled C, were cancelled D, having been cancelled
例33, Each man, woman and child has the same right.
例34, Many a student doesn't like to do their homework.
(many a student=many students)
例35, Either of students is going to compete for the president of the
children, is to arrive on the afternoon flight. 例32, My best friend rather than anyone else has got the
first prize in the speech contest.
语法结构
1.4.4, one, one of, every, everyone, everybody, each, many a, either, neither, no one, nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody 用作主语或修饰主语时,动词用单数形式
5 条件从句中的虚拟语气
例7, He must have had an accident , or he ___ then (90,1)
A would have been here
B should be here
C had to be here
D would be here
语法结构
II. 主谓一致三条原则
the university
.
A) has been accepted B) have been accepted
C) was accepted
D) were accepted
1, neither 用作主语或修饰主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 2, 定语从句用过去完成时,主句应用一般过去时。
语法结构
It is time It is about time It is high time
+ that + 一般过去时
It is vital (重要的, 生死攸关的, 致命的) It is necessary It is important It is urgent It is imperative (必要的事, 势在必行的, 急需的) It is desirable It is advisable (明智的, 适当的) It is natural It is essential It is proposal It is suggestion
1.4.5, 表示时间, 距离, 重量, 体积, 钱的复数名词, 作主语时作为整体来看待, 动词通常用单数。
例39, Five thousands dollars is quite a large sum of money to me. 例40, Fifty miles is too long a distance for one to walk on foot. 例41, Ten years has passed but he didn't change at all.
students' union.
例36, More than one person was involved in the case.
例37, every boy and girl is treated in the same way.
例38, Neither of the young men who had applied for a position in
例13, Either he or she has broken the window, for there is no one else there.
例14, There is a teacher and fifty students in the classroom.
语法结构
1. 动词单复数
1.1, 复数名词。
for a second-hand car. A) is B) are C) were D) be 例21, My best friend and adviser has changed his mind again.
语法结构
1.3, 主语中含有某些连词 (as well as, besides, in addition to 等) 时, 谓语动词的数同第一个主语保持一致
for a second-hand car. A) is B) are C) were D) be
1.4, 动词常用单数的情况 1.4.1, 名词性从句及不定式、动名词作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式
例24, To finish the work in advance is what he wants. 例25, Smoking cigarettes is dangerous to your health 例26, What seems easy in theory is difficult in practice. 例27, What caused the accident is a complete mystery.
A, must be sent B, would be sent C, be sent D, were sent 例4, It is important that enough money ___ to fund the project. (97,1) A) be collected B) must be collected C) was collected D) can be collected
3,语法考点:
语法重点从句, 定语从句, 独立主格, 情态动词。
另外重点复习以上项目中的特殊用法。
语法结构
I. 虚拟语气:
着重复习能引起虚拟语气的某些介词,介词短语和连词。
lest, in case, otherwise 等。
一部分表示建议,主张,命令,紧要等概念的词语,由于本身隐含说话 人的主观愿望,其后的主语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句往往采用
advanced science and technology.
3) 就近原则 由either...or, neither....nor, not only....but also 连接或 由here, there等引导的句子,谓语动词遵循这一原则
例12, Neither my friends nor I was able to persuade him to accept our advice.
研究历年真题,熟悉常考的语法难点
四级语法的要求:
巩固和加深基本语法知识,提高在语篇水平 上运用语法知识的能力。
语法结构
1,理解文中的所指:
例1, (95.6) The student was just about to the question, when suddenly he found the answer. A, arrive at B, submit to C, give up D, work out
cattle (家畜,牛), people, poultry (家禽), militia (义勇军, 民兵组织), police, faculty, flock, machinery, personnel, vermin(害虫,歹徒)等,动词要用复数。
例15, The police have caught the murder. 例16, Our personnel are very highly trained. 例17, The vermin(害虫,歹徒) are very dangerous. 1.2, 用 and 连接的成份一般用复数。 例18, your problem and mine are similar. 例19, Bread and butter is my favourite breakfast. 例20, Two hundred and fifty pounds__ too unreasonable a price
(should) + 动词原形
虚拟语气常见并在复习中特别要加以注意的:
1, 虚拟倒装句; 2, 用虚拟的句型:
在 would rather, wish, as if, it’s time that 等
句型中使用适当形式表达主观愿望:
语法结构
would rather + that 从句 + 一般过去时
3, if only, wish 等词后的虚拟语气 例5, Look at the terrible situation I am in! If I ___ your advice. (93,6)