测控专业英语5
测控专业英语
integrated control 集中控制
drawback 缺点
length 持续时间 长度
distributed control 分散型控制 分布式控制、、
launch 提出 开创 开始
de-facto standard 事实上的标准
acronym缩写字
supervision programs 监督控制
elusive 逃避的
optimization programs 优化程序
direct digital control 直接数字控制器
soda ash 纯碱
centralise =centralize 集中
monolith 整体 单一 一致】
timer 定时器 计时器
ladder diagram 梯形图
programmable logic controller 可编程逻辑控制器
single-board computer 单板机
oem（）original equipment manufacturer 原始设备制造商
lottery 彩票
AOT analogue output card 输出
PIN pulse input card 脉冲输入卡
DIN discrete ---- 离散
DOT discrete output card 离散输出卡
RTC real time clock 实时时钟
peripheral 周边的，外围的
pulp and paper 制浆与造纸
utility 公用工程
hierarchical approach 低阶方法
测控技术与仪器专业英语课后阅读翻译(1,5~10)
第1章课后Underwater Acoustic SignalIn the operation of a sonar system the operator is repeatedly faced with the problem of detecting a signal which is obscured by noise. This signal may be an echo resulting from a transmitted signal over which the operator has some control, or it may have its origin in some external source. These two modes of operation arise in radar surveillance and in disciplines for techniques and for illustrations of the basic principles.Since there are many ways in which one can think about signal detection , it is desirable to define a term to denote special cases . The word detection will be used when the question to be answered is, …Are one or more signals present?‟ when the system is designed to provide an answered to this question , either deterministic or probabilistic, one speaks of hypothesis testing. The case of a single signal occurs so often that many system are designed to provide only two answers, …Yes , a signal is present,‟ or …No, there is no signal.‟ One can make the p roblem more complicated by endeavoring to classify the signal into categories. Decisions of this latter kind will be referred to as target classification.Normally a piece of detection equipment is designed to operate in a fixed mode and the parameters such as integrating time of rectifier circuits or persistence of the oscilloscope tube for visual detection cannot be changed readily. There will always be some uncertain signals, which the observer will be hesitant to reject or accept. In these cases the operator might have the feeling that if the integrating time of the detector or the persistence of the oscilloscope tube were longer, he could reach a decision about the existence of the signal. Wald(1950) has formulated this intuitive feeling into a theory of detection. When one is able to vary deliberately the interval over which one stores data in the reception system in order to achieve a certain level of certainty, one speaks of sequential detection. Frequently it is desirable to determine not only the presence or absence of the signal but also one or more parameters associated with the signal . The parameters of interest can vary widely from a simple quantity such as time of arrival or target bearing to the recovery of the complete waveform . When a system is designed to recover one or more parameters associated with the signal , one speaks of signal extraction.The word signal was not defined and it was assumed that the reader had an intuitive felling for the word. Some elaboration may be in order since the definition of signal subjective and depends on the application . One may say that …signal‟ is what one wants to observe and noise is anything that obscures the observation. Thus, a tuna fisherman who is searching the ocean with the aid of sonar equipment will be overjoyed with sounds that are impairing the performance of a nearby sonar system engaged in tracking a submarine. Quite literally, one man‟s signal is another man‟s noise.Signals come in all shapes and forms. In active sonar system one may use simple sinusoidal signals of fixed duration and modulations thereof. There are impulsive signals such as those made with explosions or thumpers. At the other extreme one may make use of pseudorandom signals. In passive systems, the signals whose detection is sought may be noise in the conventional meaning of the word; noise produced by propellers or underwater swimmers, for example. It should be evident that one of our problem will be the formulation of mathematical techniques that can be used to describe the signal. Although the source in an active sonar search system may be designed to transmit a signal known shape, there is no guarantee that the return signal whose detection is sought will be similar. In fact , there are many factors to change the signal. The amplitude loss associated with inverse spherical spreading is most unfortunate for the detection system nut it does not entail any distortion of the wave shape . (Incidentally, where the wave can be approximated locally as a plane wave.) The acoustic medium has an attenuation factor , which depends on the frequency . This produces a slight distortion of the wave shape and a corresponding change in the energy spectrum of the pulse. The major changes in the waveform result from acoustic boundaries and inhomogeneities in the medium.When echoes are produced by extended targets such as submarines, there are two distinct ways in which echo structure is affected. First, there is the interference between reflections from the different leads to a target strength that fluctuates rapidly with changes in the aspect. Secondly, there is theelongation of the composite echo due to the distribution of reflecting features along the submarines. This means that the duration of the composite echo is dependent in a simple manner on the aspect angle. If T is the duration of the echo from a point scatterer, and L is the length of the submarine, the duration of the returned echo will be T=(2L/c)cosA ,where A is the acute angle between the major axis of the submarine and the line joining the source and the submarine. C is the velocity of sound in the water. Of course, LcosA must be replaced by the beam width of the submarine when A is near.A final source of pulse distortion is the Doppler shifts produced by the relative motions between the source, and the target (or detector in passive listening) may each have a different velocity relative to the bottom, the variety of effects may be quite large.水下声波信号在声纳操作过程中，操作员经常需要对受噪声干扰的信号进行检波。
专业英语(测控专业)
Lession 1Function in use•normal probability function 概率正态分布函数•orthonormal function 正交函数•self-correlation function 自相关函数•trigonometrical function 三角函数•unbounded function 无界函数•unit step function 单位阶跃函数•zero Bessel function 零次贝塞尔函数•function of first degree 一次函数•function of many variables 多元函数•function of random variable 随机变量函数Periodic signals 周期信号Time-domain description 时域描述Polynomial expansion 多项式Taylor series 泰勒级数Fourier series 傅里叶级数Frequency-domain description 频域描述Orthogonal function 正交函数Vectors 矢量Description in dictionary•描述：描述的行为，过程或技术•声明，叙述：描述某事的声明或叙述•用画表示：•一种，一类：Description in text•A discussion of orthogonal functions and of their value for the description of signals may be conveniently introduced by considering the analogy between signals and vectors.•通过分析信号和矢量之间的相似之处，引入用来描述信号的正交函数概念。
Description in use•published a description of her travels; gave a vivid description of the game•出版她的游记；关于这场比赛的生动描述•Monet's ethereal descriptions of haystacks and water lilies.•莫内关于干干草垛和睡莲的精妙描绘•cars of every size and description.•各种大小和类型的小汽车Function in dictionary•作用，功能•职务，职责•角色，工作•重大聚会，庆典•函数：功能：•操作：子程序•Function in text•The fact that great majority of functions which may usefully be considered as signals are functions of lends justification to the treatment of signal theory in terms of time and of frequency.•借助于时间和频率的信号处理理论，许多常被看作是信号的函数都用来进行信号处理。
测控仪器专业英语单词
hover 盘旋
Human control 人工控制
Human dialogue 人对话，交互
Hydraulic tube 水力线
Hypothalamus 丘脑下部
Crank 曲柄
crossover point 交叉点
customizing computer 用户化计算机
Cutter 刀具，切割机，快艇
D
damper 阻尼闸
Data routing 数据路由
derivative mode 微分模型
Boolean programming method 布尔编程方法
bumpless ransfer 无扰动切换
C
Calibration curve 标定曲线
Calibration procedure 标定过程，检验方法
cascade control 串级控制
condense 精简
conductivity 传导性，传导率
Confirmation 证实，确认
conformance testing 相似测试，一致性测试
construction drawing 结构图 us 连续的
air to open 气开
Allowable bandwidth 允许的带宽
amplifier 放大器
Analog 模拟的
annunciate 告示，通知
area controller 装置控制器
area level 装置级
communicating equipment 通信设备
Communication 通信混合系统
测控技术与仪器专业英语作业
专业英语大作业题目：A Review on Measurement and Control Technology 系部：信息与控制工程学院专业：测控技术与仪器班级：一班学生姓名: 学号:2017年10 月18 日A Review on Measurement and Control TechnologyAbstract: With the rapid development of science and technology, high-tech gradually into the people's lives and a variety of production processes, measurement and control technology is no longer just measuring technology and control technology, but a complex integration of computer technology, Control technology, intelligent technology of the advanced areas. This makes the application of measurement and control technology and instrument technology in practice more important, it as an important tool to collect information and control, effectively use it can significantly reduce the control personnel control difficulty.[1] At present, more and more areas are gradually beginning to pay attention to the application of measurement and control technology and equipment in practice.This paper combines the professional and long-term knowledge accumulation of measurement and control technology and instrument, and draws lessons from the relevant literature Measurement and control technology and equipment in different industries and applications.Key words: measurement and control technology and instrument; technology; application1 IntroductionDevelopment of intelligent instrument Measurement and control technology and instrument specialty is the acquisition and processing of information, as well as to the related theory and technology factor model control withthe continuous development of computer technology and microelectronics technology,That is, virtual objects retain the original features of appliance operation without losing high-technical and home-automation utilization on it. In this paper, we will design a virtual object being friendly human-machine interaction to control the music playback service in smart home. The virtual object is called virtual compact disc (CD) album, Virtual-CD. The residents can take a Virtual-CD, and do some operating gestures and entity movements on it, and then the music will be played, paused, and stopped according to various operations of virtual object in smart home. It has now been mature application in measurement and control system, the typical representative of intelligent instrument is the application.[2]2Application of Measurement and Control Technology and Instrument in Practice2.1 Aerospace, agriculture and other fields of applicationMeasurement and control technology in aerospace agriculture has an important use, it is involved in the flightThe development of aerospace technology plays a great role in promoting the use of measurement and control technology to achieve spaceReal-time monitoring of the aircraft and the understanding of its flight status, but also for some data collectionSet up to facilitate the engineering staff to modify the data control, which for China's aerospace technologyDevelopment will be an indispensable part.China's agricultural production will be applied to the measurement and control technology and equipment related to the technical knowKnowledge,[3]through its application of agricultural production will be able to achieve digital management, can effectively improveProducers to manage the efficiency of agricultural production, but also more intelligent and agricultural production,Real-time monitoring of production data, but also for producers to provide effective reference data to help people to make timely adjustments to improve production efficiency and quality.[4]2.2 The application of new sensor technologyIn the current social environment, modern measurement and control technology and instrument technology are well developed, among them The use of new sensor technology is also more, the new sensor is divided into two types, the numberWord sensor and integrated sensor,[5]usually integrated sensor used in the number of According to the measurement, such as temperature, pressure and other data can be used to monitor the integrated sensor,Digital sensors are mainly used in the monitoring system and so on.[6]In recent years development of newType sensor technology has been a great development, many areas are applied to the new sensor technology surgery, which makes the new sensor technology reflects a huge practical value and practical significance.[7]The new sensor technology provides a great convenience for life and is present in the future with a strong potential and meaning.2.3 Remote monitoring and control technology applicationsAt present, China's industrial production and life, for the use of monitoring and control technology and equipment also there are remote monitoring and control technology,[8]remote monitoring and control technology in many aspects have practical use become an important technical means of industrial activities, and now more commonly used remote measurement control technology mainly telephone network remote monitoring and control technology, green remote monitoring and control technology and wireless communications.[9]The use of these remote monitoring and control technology can be used in the inspection of certain equipment,Water, electricity, gas and other aspects of pipeline failure to repair. government’s interference is not always useful because the possibility of government failure is existed.[10]The government failure act as invalid, that is, the range and power is not enough or the method of the choice is defeated of the government’s macro adjustments and controls and the method does not offset the market failure and maintain the market system run well,[11]the other representation is that the government’s interference is overabundance, that is, the range and power of the government’s interf erence is over the reasonable demand offsetting the market failure and maintain the market system run well or both the direction of the interference and the form of the choice are not right.[12]It is very effective to reduce the difficulty of manual maintenance and human waste to achieve the effect ofefficient operation,[13] there Effectively reduce the remote management and other technologies in the use of the existing management problems.[14]3The idea from administration to service3.1The notion from authority to abilityManagement is equal to service.[15]Government must turn into service government and service for market. The absence of the function of service has been the primary reason that Chinese regional government has the low efficiency on service management and public service.[16]From “administration” to “service” is not only the literal change but also the adjustment of government idea, the reformation and advancement on administration purpose, manner and system and the embodiment of all ranks of government and functional sections working for people.[17]From “administration” to “service” is not only a kind of transposition but also the government function’s renewed orientation. Under the condition of planned economy, the government only has the management function and hasn’t the service function,So, the government’s right structure has come into being egregious concentration.[18] The structure affects every aspect of social life. Through segmenting the right, government also controls the each field of society.[19]Representing the interests of the public instead of being the dominating part in the market that has more economical resources and power and owns sectional or group interest that results in corruptness to cause people's hatred. [20]3.2The notion from officer standard to citizen standardThe government organization becomes the “almighty government”, “infinite government”.[21] The governmental management scope includes market, society and enterprises’ management function. Especially, using the status of state-owner, the government manages enterprises.[22]This status brings on much confusion. For example, the governmental department exerts enterprise directorate’s function, the planned department masters the right of investment policy decision, SETC holds the examining and approving of techno-alteration,[23]the price department holds the right of making products’ price, and the ministry of labor controls the examining and approving right of employment. Some professional economic administrative department directly controls the managing right of entire industry.The problem of traditional administration system is over its managing scope and intervenes marke t and society’s managing scope.[24]The government excessively intervenes and participates in manufacture and exchange on “private goods”.[25]And the government doesn’t deal with the supply of public goods and couldn’t offer good social public service.[26]4ConclusionChina is focusing on the construction of innovative countries, the school test control industry students,In the transformation period of the government, some problems are urgently to be solved .The following are the problems. The systemicbarrier in the transformation period is standing out.The mode of social management lags far behind seriously failure of Government.Public information sharing is not smooththe disadvantaged group is in a devil of a hole.[27] we must seriously study the measurement and control technology and equipment. Especially in contemporary China on the use of measurement and control technology and the increasing demand for large backKing, the community for the manipulation of the demand for talent is also increasing. Whether it is for the national construction or their own development needs, the relevant monitoring and control of professional students have to earnestly study the relevant knowledge.With the continuous integration of global information, common development, phaseLetter as long as the relevant technical staff and scholars continue to work, The use of these remote monitoring and control technology can be used in the inspection of certain equipment, Water, electricity, gas and other aspects of pipeline failure to repair.continue to explore, continuous research,We can find the technical and instrumentation of professional and technical information and a major discovery, I believe measurement and control technology and equipment will also have great room for development and prospects.References[1]Sun Yunshan，Zhang Liyi, GengYanxiang. Research principle of communication, virtual experiment simulation system [J].Laboratory science,2010,13(6):101-103.[2]Ling Lin,SuJie，Jin Chun. The application of the software simulation in experiment teaching of communication principle [J]. The experiment technology and management，2011,28(4):83-85.[3]ZhangLanyong. The LabVIEW program design basis[M]. Beijing machinery industry,2012.[4]Zhang Hui，Cao Lina. Modern communication principle and technology [M].2. Xian university of science and technology press,2008.[5]Ren Jun，Zhang Hongyan. Using the virtual simulation experiment reform the experiment teaching of communication principle [J]. The experiment technology and management，2014,31(3);95-97,104.[6]Lin Jing，Lin Zhenyu，ZhengFuren. The LabVIEW virtual instrument application study [M]. Beijing people's posts and telecommunications publishing house，2010. [7]Sun Qiuye，Liu Ang，Wang Yunshuang. LabVIEW8.5 quickly learn and master [M]. xi 'an jiaotong university club，2009.[8]Zhang Xi，Lei Yong. Networked remote laboratory system based on virtual instrument technology [J]. Laboratory research and exploration，2005.24(3):49-51.[9]ZhengLifeng. Design and implementation of virtual instrument laboratory. Chengdu southwest jiaotong university master's degree thesis，2002(1):42-46. [10] Li Xinguo. A brief discussion on modern measurement and control technology and its application [J] Management and technology of application，2015（16）：18-21[11]Zhi-gang liu. The development of modern measurement and control technology and its application [D] Tianjin：Tianjin university of technology.2012[12] Sunliang. Development and application of modern measurement and control technology [J] Electronic quality，2006（10）:56-58[13]Chenming，Zhangpeng. The development trend of modern measurement and control technology [R] Seminar on measurement and testing of academic exchange and radio calibration technology in 2008，Hohhot，2008[14] Ding Cuihuan，Li Mengxue. The development of modern measurement and control technology and its application research [J] Chinese high-tech enterprises，2016（29）22-25[15] Zhang Meimei，Zhou Xianghua. To explore the development and practice of modern measurement and control technology [J] Electronic technology and software engineering，2014（8）:53-57[16] Ouwen. The development of modern measurement and control technology and its application research [D]Taiyuan：University of north，2014[17]Lichao. Development and application analysis of modern measurement and control technology [J] Urban geography，2015（10）：143[18] Yan Lele. The development and application of modern measurement and control technology [J] Shandong industrial technology，2015（10）：42[19]JiangWuxue. The development of campus network based on LabVIEW virtual laboratory [J]. Journal of zhejiangwanlicollege.2005(4):46-48.[20]Zhangronghui. Configuration and configuration analysis of automatic control system based on PLC [J]. Technology and innovation,2015,15(23):83-84.[21] Wu xianliang. The configuration and configuration of automatic control system based on PLC [J]. Technology and enterprise,2016,16(10):79-80.[22] Yu wensong, qi zhiwu. Application of intelligent technology of measurement and control technology and apparatus [J]. Equipment technology,2017,15(03):12-13.[23] Yang wujie. Application of the intelligent technology of measurement and control technology and apparatus [J]. Shandong industrial technology,2016,16(03),113-119.[24] Guonari. Application of measurement and control technology and apparatus inpractice [J]. Electronic test,2016,15(12):117-118.[25] Sun daobao, zhumengzhen, shenjunhao. Application of measurement and control technology and apparatus in practice [J]. Application of electromechanical technology,2017,13(97):102-103.[26] Zhang yujie. Application of mechanical automation in mechanical manufacturing [J]. Technology prospect.2016,16(06):46-48.[27] Zhang yujie. Application of mechanical automation in mechanical manufacturing [J]. Technology prospect.2015,26(18):45-46.。
【测控专业英语】Calibration and Operating Characteristic 校准及运行特性.
测控技术与仪器专业英语
9
Unit 4
Calibration
The calibration procedure and instrument performance 3.1 checks are generally specified by the instrument manufacturer in the manuals that are provided with the instrument． 校准过程和仪器性能检查通常由仪器厂商在随仪器提供 的手册中指定或设置。 Frequent unnecessary adjustments may also interfere 3.6 with the records for an instrument and accelerate progressive drift in values. 频繁不必要调整可能会影响仪器的记录，并加速数值的 逐渐地漂移。
4
Unit 4
Calibration
Calibration refers to the comparison of a measurement 1.1 instrument to a standard or other instrument of known accuracy in order to bring the instrument into substantial agreement with an established standard. 校准是指为了使仪器与已有标准完全一致（匹配）而将 一个测量仪器与一个标准的或其他已知准确度的仪器相 比较的过程。
测控技术与仪器专业英语
16
1 Measurement
When the measured variable is continuously varied over 2.2 the range, some measuring instruments change their output in discrete steps rather than in a continuous manner. The resolution of this type of measuring instrument is a single step of the output. 当被测量在测量范围内连续变化时，某些测量仪器以离 散的阶跃形式改变其输出，而非连续方式。这类测量仪 器的分辨率即是输出的一次阶跃。
测控技术与仪器专业英语课文以及单词
? One can measure thickness on many scales .The galaxy is sphick.. 你可以测量厚度,在许多尺度螺旋星系的约100 Em(1020m磁盘)深
? 3.Distance measurement 3。距离测量
? The tools and techniques of distance measurement are possibly one of humankind's longest-running inventive pursuits .This chapter concerns itself with methods to measure a relatively small segment of this range-from centimeters to kilometers .Even within this limited segment ,it would hardly be possible to list ,much less describe ,all of the distance measurement approaches that have been devised .Nevertheless ,the small sampling of technologies that are covered here should be of help to a broad range of readers.
? The altitude information at air traffic control (ATC) centers is based on pressure altitude measurement that the aircraft transponder system sends after it receives an appropriate interrogation——known as mode C interrogation——transmitted by a secondary surveillance radar. Actually, the altitude information is an atmospheric pressure measurement transformed to altitude indication through a formula expressing the pressure/altitude relationship. When a flight level is cleared for an aircraft, it actually means that the pilot must keep flying on an isobaric surface. However, the altimetry system may present systematic errors (biases) that are different for each airplane, and that significantly affect safety. Thus, the altimetry system performance as well as the aircraft height keeping performance must be monitored by an independent radar or satellite system. 信息的高度,在空中交通管制中心(ATC)根据压高度测量,飞机的应答机系统发给后都把它珍藏一个适当的审讯——被称为模式C讯问——通过二级监视雷达。实际上,高度的大气压力测量信息转化为高度通过公式显示表达压力/高度的关系。当一个飞行高度是允许飞机时,实际上就意味着飞行员必须不停地飞在一个isobaric表面。然而,altimetry系统系统误差可能出现偏差)(飞机的不同而有所区别,明显影响安全。因此,altimetry系统性能以及飞机高度保持性能均须由独立的雷达或卫星电视系统
测控技术和仪器专业英语课后阅读翻译
第五章课后A random erroris due to acontrolled，large number of independent small effects that cannothe identified orit is a statistical quantity. As such，iteach replication of the observations. If a large number of readings iswill vary for the same quantity.the scatter of the data about a mean value can be evaluated.The scatter generally follows a guassian distribution about a mean value.whichis assumed to be the true value.Accuracy is the deviation of the output from the calibration input or the truevalue. If the accuracy of a voltmeter is 2% full scale as described in the precedingsection·the maximum deviation i、士2units for all readings.一个随机误差是由于控制,大量的独立影响小,不能他发现或这是一个统计量。
因此,它每个复制的观察。
如果大量的读数是同样数量的不同而不同。
散射的数据值可以评估。
散高斯分布通常遵循关于意味着value.which被认为是真正的价值。
准确性是偏差的输出的输入或真正的校准价值。
如果把电压表的准确性2%全面描述在前面的部分·最大偏差我,士2units所有阅读资料。
测控技术与仪器专业 英语
测控技术与仪器专业英语Measurement and Control Technology and Instruments Measurement and control technology plays a crucial role in various industries, including manufacturing, research, and development.As a specialized field, it requires professionals with excellent skills and knowledge in areas such as sensors, data acquisition, signal conditioning, and control systems. The Measurement and Control Technology and Instruments program trains students to become proficient in all aspects of this field. In this article, we will explore the key subjects and skills covered in this program.1. Sensor Technology:Sensors are vital components in measurement and control systems. Students in this program learn about different types of sensors, such as temperature sensors, pressure sensors, and position sensors. They study how sensors work, how to select the appropriate sensor for a specific application, and how to calibrate and maintain sensors.2. Data Acquisition:Collecting accurate and reliable data is crucial for measurement and control systems. Students learn various data acquisition techniques, including analog-to-digital conversion, digital signal processing, and sampling theory. They gain hands-on experience with data acquisition systems and software tools used for data analysis and visualization.3. Signal Conditioning:In order to obtain accurate measurements, signals from sensorsneed to be conditioned and processed. Students learn about techniques for amplification, filtering, linearization, and noise reduction. They understand the importance of signal conditioning in maintaining data integrity and accuracy.4. Control Systems:Control systems are central to measurement and automation processes. Students study different types of control systems, such as feedback control, feedforward control, and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control. They learn about system modeling, stability analysis, and controller tuning. They gain practical experience in designing and implementing control systems for various applications.5. Measurement Techniques:This program emphasizes different measurement techniques used in industrial and scientific settings. Students gain knowledge of measurement principles, uncertainty analysis, and standards. They learn about techniques such as calibration, metrology, and error analysis. They also study measurement instruments and their applications, including oscilloscopes, multimeters, spectrometers, and chromatographs.6. Instrumentation and Automation:Instrumentation and automation are integral parts of measurement and control technology. Students learn about different instruments used in industrial processes and research laboratories. They study automation techniques, including programmable logic controllers (PLCs), distributed control systems (DCS), and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. They become proficient indesigning and implementing modern instrumentation and automation solutions.7. Industrial Applications:Measurement and control technology has wide application in various industries, such as manufacturing, aerospace, energy, and medicine. Students learn about the specialized requirements and challenges of different industries. They study case studies and real-world projects to gain practical insights into applying measurement and control techniques to solve industrial problems.In conclusion, the Measurement and Control Technology and Instruments program covers a comprehensive range of subjects and skills necessary for professionals in this field. From sensor technology to control systems and from data acquisition to instrumentation and automation, students gain a solid foundation in measurement and control principles. With this knowledge, they can contribute to improving the efficiency, reliability, and safety of industrial processes and scientific research.。
测控技术与仪器专业英语
1
第2页/共34页
The intelligence required by such devices is available from microcontroller unit (MCU), digital signal processor (DSP), and application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) technologies developed by several semiconductor manufacturers.
主语为the reduction和the presence，谓语为pose，宾语 challenges。
全句译为：然而，供应电压从5V衰减到3.3V甚至更低， 以及系统中多种电压形式的出现，并不只是对最智能的传 感器提出的考验。
Separate integrated circuits (ICs) are available to handle the variety of voltages and resolve the problem, but they add to system and sensor complexity. 译为：单独的集成电路（ICs）可用来处理各种不同的电压 并解决问题，但它们增加了系8 统和传感器的复杂性。
译为：该转换器将测量的物理量进行转换。观察员对系 统进行修正以使结果接近理想值。典型的测量系统的组成 框图如图3.1所示。
Figure 3.1 General sensing system 5 第6页/共34页
Many home thermostats（恒温（调节）器）, tire pressure gauges（轮胎气压表）, and factory flow meters still operate in the same manner.
测控技术与仪器专业英语单词句子整理
1.acquisition of information 信息采集2.object of measurement 测量目标3.measurand 被测物理量，被测对象4.measurement result 测量结果5.qualitative measurement 质量测量6.quantitative measurement 数量测量7.measurement process 测量过程8.theorem 定理，法则9.hypothesis 假说，假设，学说10.single-value 单值11.monotonic function 单调函数12.measurement constitute 测量组成13.physical quantity 物理量14.electrical potential difference 电势差15.electrical current 电流16.electrical resistance 电阻17.capacitance 电容18.inductance 感应系数19.frequency 频率20.mutual induction 互感21.thermostat 自动调温器22.parasitic quantity 寄生量，附加量23.random errors 随机误差24.systematic errors 系统误差25.OSP oscilloscope 示波器26.rms root-mean-square 均方根27.quantitative data 定量数据28.qualitative data 定性数据29.empirical data 经验数据30.processed data 已处理过的数据31.theoretical calculations 理论计算32.theoretical model 理论模型33.data processing 数据处理34.data reduction 数据简化35.measurement strategy 测量策略36.frequency spectrum 频谱37.coherent sampling 相干采样38.amplitude distribution function 振幅分布函数39.multiplex 多路操作40.inaccurate calibration 不准确的刻度41.mismatched impedance 不匹配的阻抗42.response-time error 反应时间误差43.histogram 直方图，柱状图，矩形图44.observational data 观测数据45.descriptive statistic 描述性统计46.statistical inference 统计性推论47.distribution of value 数据分布48.sample mean 样本均值49.performance check 性能检查50.tolerance limit 公差极限51.lower range limit 范围下限52.upper range limit 范围上限53.dead band 死区54.measured variable 被测变量55.sinusoidal signal 正弦信号56.amount of drift 漂移量57.recovery time 回复时间58.saturation effect 饱和效应59.zero drift 零点漂移60.sensitivity drift 敏感性漂移61.static characteristics 静态特征62.hysteresis 滞后现象63.tabular form 表格形式64.graphical form 图解形式65.controller 控制器66.sensor 传感器67.closed-loop 闭环68.open-loop 开环69.feedback 反馈70.regulator system 调节器系统71.follow-up system 随动系统72.actuator 执行器73.numerical control 数值控制74.batch control 批量控制75.sequential control 连续控制76.time-sequential control 时间顺序控制77.event-sequential control 事件顺序控制78.block diagram 方框图79.phase difference 相位差80.phase angle 相位角81.direct current 直流82.frequency response 频率响应83.control mode 控制模型84.proportional mode 比例模型85.integral mode 积分模型86.derivative mode 微分模型87.manual control 手动控制88.external signal 外部信号89.on-off control 开关控制90.bumpless transfer 无扰动切换91.pattern recognition 模式识别92.tagging of instrument 仪器标志93.general instrument symbol 通用仪器标志94.control valve 控制阀95.level transmitter 液位变送器96.maintenance tracking 跟踪维护97.material handling 原料处理puter-assisted simulation 计算机辅助仿真99.hierarchical structure 递阶结构，层次结果100.myriad clone 大量复制101.relay 继电器102.Boolean programming method 布尔编程方法103.LCD liquid crystal display 液晶104.internal register 内部寄存器105.arithmetic unit 算术单元106.logic unit 逻辑单元107.operation manual 操作指南108.system integrator 系统集成器109.industrial relay 工业继电器110.system expansion 系统扩展er manual 用户手册puter analysis 计算机分析113.power assist 辅助动力114.master control 主控制115.process progress 进程patibility 兼容性munication standard 通信标准118.ISO international standards organization 国际标准化组织119.OSI open systems interconnection 开放式系统互联munication network architecture 通信网络层munication sophistication 通信混合系统122.allowable bandwidth 允许的带宽123.fieldbus 现场总线124.interoperability 互用性，协同工作的能力125.distributed real-time system 分布式实时系统126.pyramidal model 金字塔模型127.operational architecture 操作体系结构128.horizontal traffic 水平通信129.vertical traffic 垂直通信130.robustness 鲁棒性131.QoS quality of service 服务质量132.A TC air traffic control 空中交通管制133.barometric 大气压力134.altermetry 测高学135.troposphere 对流层136.galaxy 银河系137.luminous flux 光通量138.pupil 瞳孔139.retina 视网膜140.acceleration 加速度141.velocity 速度142.temperature 温度143.gravitational 重力的144.impedance 阻抗，全阻抗145.hybrid 混合物146.strain 过度疲劳，紧张，张力，应变147.thermometer 温度计，体温计148.calibrate 校准149.bandwidth 带宽150.mapping 映射，绘制……地图，计划151.lubricating oil 润滑油152.heuristic 启发式的153.parameter 参数，参量154.spectrum 光，光谱155.vibration 振动156.collision 碰撞，冲突157.phase 相位158.encoding 译码器，编码器159.decoding 解码器160.multiplexing 多路技术161.protocol 协议，草案162.truckline 主干163.duplex 双工164.router 路由器165.gateway 网关166.interact 互相作用，互相影响167.stack 栈，堆栈168.CIM computer integrated manufacturing 计算机集成制造169.PC personal computer 个人电脑170.PLC programmable logic controller 可编程逻辑控制器171.I/O input/output 输入/输出172. CNC computer numerical control 计算机数字控制系统173.CRT cathode ray tube 阴极射线管174.CPU control processing unit 中央处理器175.DC direct current 直流176.AC alternating current 交流177.ASCII American standard code for information interchange 美国信息交换标准码178.IEC international electro technical commission 国际电工委员会179.MAP manufacturing automation protocol 制造自动化协议180.SDS smart distributed system 分布式智能系统181.signal transducer 信号变送器182.temperature transducer 温度变送器183.flow transmitter 流量变送器184.pressure transmitter 压力变送器1.In the following, we will define measurement as the acquisition of information in the form of measurement result,concerning characteristics, states or phenomena (the measurand) of the world that surrounds us, observed with the aid of measurement systems (instruments).在下文中，我们将测量定义为以测量结果表现形式的信息采集，包括周围世界的性质，状态、现象（被测量）通过测量系统观察获得。
测控专业英语翻译
测控专业英语翻译Unit 1 Measurement, Control and InstrumentationInstrumentation is defined as the art and science of measurement and control. Instrumentation engineers are responsible for controlling a whole system like a power plant.译为：仪器可定义为测量和控制的艺术和科学。
仪器工程师负责控制整个系统，比如一个电厂。
An instrument is a device that measures and/or regulates process variables such as flow, temperature, level, or pressure. Instruments include many varied contrivances that can be as simple as valves and transmitters, and as complex as analyzers.译为：仪器是一种用来测量和/或调节过程变量（如流量、温度、液位或压力）的装置。
仪器包括许多不同的设备，可以像阀和变送器那样简单，也可以像分析仪那样复杂。
Instruments often comprise control systems of varied processes such as refineries, factories, and vehicles. The control of processes is one of the main branches of applied instrumentation. Instrumentation can also refer to handheld devices that measure some desired variable. Diverse handheld instrumentation is common in laboratories, but can be found in the household as well. For example, a smoke detector is a common instrument found in most western homes.译为：仪器通常由如精炼厂、工厂和车辆这些不同流程的控制系统组成。
《测控技术与仪器专业英语》张凤登UNIT-5-基本半导体器件-参考译文及练习答案
UNIT 5 基本半导体器件参考译文5.1 半导体二极管我们知道，某些材料（导体）很容易导电，而另一些材料（绝缘体）则不易导电。
介于两种极端情况之间是另一些既不是好的导体也不是好的绝缘体的材料，象硅、锗那样的材料有介于导体和绝缘体之间的特性。
硅和锗是种电特性容易在制造过程中被改变的晶体材料。
被称为杂质的元素被加入纯的硅或锗中而形成N型或P型材料。
这些材料被用于不同的组合中以形成许多类型的半导体，例如，二极管、晶体管、可控硅整流器、三端双向可控硅和二端交流开关。
N型材料拥有大量的不以共价键连接的电子或负电荷载流子，P型材料拥有过量的不以共价键连接的正电荷载流子或空穴。
通过控制加入硅中的杂质，上述情况就会改变。
最基本的半导体器件是二极管，它能完成整流的功能。
二极管仅是由相邻的P型和N 型材料制成的一个PN结器件，如图5-1(A)所示，这种由相邻P型和N型材料形成的结允许电流单向导通，但反向时，则对电流产生高阻抗。
这种器件被称为结型二极管。
在没外接电压时，PN结型二极管中的载流子处于平衡状态。
由于温度的影响，一些电子也可能从N型区穿过PN结到P型区，同样一些空穴也会从P型区扩散到N型区。
扩散发生后，两个区之间的势垒形成，从而阻止载流子进一步运动，二极管处于平衡状态。
在电子系统的电源中，二极管和交流电源相连。
和二极管每端相连的电势的瞬间极性决定了由二极管完成的功能。
为了更好观察整流器的工作，一个简单的直流电路和二极管连接。
图5-2表明，一个电池作为电源，电阻器作为负载，电池的极性使二极管偏置。
当电池正极连P型材料，负极接N型材料时，二极管称为正向偏置。
正向偏置时，如图5-2(A)所示，就产生了低电阻的PN结。
低电阻结允许N型材料中的电子迁移到P型材料，因为电子受到电池正极的吸引。
同样，空穴以相反方向迁移到N区，因为空穴受到电池负极的吸引。
当二极管正向偏置时，电子和空穴的不断运动就形成了电流。
如果我们将电池极性反向，如图5-2(B)所示，二极管称为反向偏置。
测控专业英语考试作文
测控专业英语考试作文精选英文测控专业英语考试作文：Title: The Role of Instrumentation and Control Engineering in Modern Industrial AutomationIn the dawn of the 21st century, where technology advancements are reshaping every aspect of our lives, Instrumentation and Control Engineering (ICE) stands as a pivotal discipline, driving the wheel of modern industrial automation forward. This interdisciplinary field, at the nexus of electronics, computer science, and mechanical engineering, plays a crucial role in enhancing productivity, ensuring safety, and optimizing processes across diverse industries.The Foundation of AutomationAt its core, ICE revolves around the design, installation, maintenance, and optimization of measurement systems, control systems, and automation technologies. These systems are the backbone of any automated industrial process, enabling precise monitoring, data acquisition, and dynamic adjustment of process variables in real-time. From temperature and pressure sensors to complex programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, ICE professionals integrate these components to create intelligent, self-regulating systems.Boosting Productivity and EfficiencyOne of the most significant contributions of ICE to modern industries lies in its ability to significantly boost productivity and efficiency. By automating repetitive and labor-intensivetasks, companies can allocate human resources more effectively, focusing on strategic decision-making and innovation. Furthermore, precise control over process parameters ensures consistent product quality, reducing waste and enhancing overall operational efficiency. This, in turn, leads to cost savings and increased competitiveness in the global market.Ensuring Safety and ReliabilitySafety is paramount in any industrial setting, and ICE plays a vital role in mitigating risks and ensuring the reliable operation of systems. By implementing robust safety instrumentation systems (SIS) and integrating failsafe control strategies, ICE professionals ensure that even in unforeseen circumstances, processes can be safely shut down or diverted to prevent accidents. Additionally, real-time monitoring and predictive maintenance capabilities enable early detection of potential issues, further enhancing system reliability and reducing downtime.Facilitating Smart ManufacturingAs the Industry 4.0 revolution gains momentum, ICE becomes even more indispensable. Smart factories, powered by the Internet of Things (IoT), big data analytics, and advanced automation technologies, rely heavily on ICE expertise to design and implement intelligent systems that can learn, adapt, and optimize processes autonomously. From cyber-physical systems to autonomous mobile robots, ICE professionals are at the forefront of transforming traditional manufacturing into agile, flexible, and sustainable smart manufacturing ecosystems.ConclusionIn conclusion, Instrumentation and Control Engineering is a cornerstone of modern industrial automation, driving innovation, enhancing productivity, ensuring safety, and facilitating the transition to smart manufacturing. As technology continues to evolve, the demand for skilled ICE professionals will undoubtedly grow, making this field an exciting and rewarding career choice for those passionate about leveraging technology to shape the future of industries worldwide. By continually advancing our knowledge and embracing emerging technologies, we can unlock even greater potential in automation, creating safer, more efficient, and sustainable industrial processes for generations to come.中文对照翻译：标题：仪表与控制工程在现代工业自动化中的作用在21世纪初，技术进步正在重塑我们生活的方方面面，仪表与控制工程（ICE）是一门关键学科，推动着现代工业自动化的发展。
测控技术与仪器专业英语阅读翻译
测控技术与仪器专业英语阅读翻译篇一：测控技术与仪器专业英语翻译5. InheritanceIn Figure , the classes SalesOrderCheclcPmt and SalesOrderCreditPmt are called subclasses of SalesOrder. The class SalesOrder is called the super class of SalesOrderCheckPmt and SalesOrderCreditPmt. The relationship between a class and its subclass (or superclass) is called generalization or specialization. Subclasses inherit attributes and operations from their class. A subclass has its own additional attributes and operations. For example, the class SalesOrderCreditPmt inherits the attributes order No, order Date, delivery Date, and order Terms and the methods calcTotal and changeDelivDate. In this case, the class SalesOrder is the generalized class, and SalesOrderCheckPrmt and SalesOrderCreditPrmt are the specialized classes.6. PolymorphismEarlier it was mentioned that a DVR and a DVD player that respond similarly but differently to the same message are polymorphic. Polymorphism means “having many forms”. In the context of OQSAD, polymorphism means that the same message caninvoke similar but different behavior. Thus, a message that invokes the operation calcTotalQ of a :SalesOrder object will result in the sales order total calculation; a message that invokes the operation calcTotaIQ of a PurchaseOrder object will result in a purchase order total calculation. The implementation of the operations in the respective classes will be different.Foundations of the object modelStructured design methods evolved to guide developers who were trying to build complex systems using algorithms as their fundamental building blocks. Similarly, object-oriented design methods have evolved to help developers exploit the expressive power of object-based and object- oriented programming languages, using the class and object as basic building blocks. Foundations of the object model.Actually, the object model has been influenced by a number of factors, not just object-oriented programming. The object model has proven to be a unifying concept in computer science, applicable not just to programming languages but also to the design of user interfaces, databases, and even computer architectures. The reason for this widespread appeal is simply that an object orientation helps us to cope with the complexityinherent in many different kinds of systems.5。
测控专业英文单词
electromoctive force
电动势
electron
电子
ensemble average
总体平均值
epoxy resin
环氧树脂
exponential function
指数函数
field-effect transistor (FET)
场效应管
forward bias
正向偏置
Fourier series
阳极
aperiodic signal
非周期信号
autocorrelation function
自相关函数
beam splitter
分光镜
bellow
波纹管
block diagram
方块图；框图
bourdon tube
波登管
capacitive transducers
电容式传感器
cathode
阴极
closed-loop control system
正态分布
open-loop control system
开环控制系统
opposite polarity
相反极性
optical encoder
光编码器
orthogonal function
正交函数
oscilloscope
示波器
parallel circuit
并联电路
passive component
无源器件
thermocouple
热电偶
time domain
时域
time-limited signal
时限信号
transducer
传感器，换能器
测控专业英语
UNIT1accomplishment n)成果；成就integrate (v.a)使...结合，综合circuit (n)电路circuitry (n)电路（总称）sophisticated (a)复杂的，尖端的equivalent (a)相等的，相同的transducer (n) 同义词传感器；换能器IC (integrated circuit)集成电路VLSI (very large scale integrated circiut)超大规模集成电路chip (n)芯片analog (n)模拟stopwatch 秒表biomedical 生物医学的linear 线性的nonlinear 非线性的instrumentation仪表检测oscilloscope 示波器microprocessor 微处理器bit; kilobit; megabit 位；千位；兆位to name just...这仅仅是......, to name the more prevalent...这些仅是较流行的功能take aback (astound)使...大吃一惊UNIT 2electromagnetic Indution电磁感应flux density 磁通密度q ___coulombs is inQ是库仑potential gradient电势梯度electromotive force (emf)电动势intensity 电流强度magnitude 大小，流量，幅度at right angles to与...垂直deficit 缺少，亏损weber 韦伯（磁通量）Eq. =equation等式systematic troubleshooting系统的检修malfunction故障UNIT 3 resistance电阻inductance电感capacitance电容resistor(resister)电阻inductor电感器capacitor电容器resistive电阻的inductive感应的capacitive电容性的terminal 终端insulating coating 绝缘外套energize 激励，通电coil 线圈magnetic flux磁通量reversing polarity极性逆转counter electromotive force (CEMF)反电动势inductive reactance感抗impedance阻抗insulator绝缘反义词conductor 导体dielectric 电介质farad; 法拉（电容单位）hertz; 赫兹henry; 亨charge；电荷charging;使充电discharging放电leak away 漏出，漏电promote 促进反义词block 阻塞transformer 变压器compress 压缩passive circuit components 无源电路元件AC; 交流电DC 直流电forward biased正向偏置reverse biased反向偏置solid arrow; 实心箭头dashed arrow虚线箭头UNIT4series Circuits串联电路pertain (v)附属，关于Pythagorean Theorem-based formula 基于勾股.. Phasor相量parenthesis括号triangle; triangulation三角形base; altitude; hypotenuse (n)低/高/斜边conversely (v)相反地resonance 共振phasoral layout 相量排列Had..., the voltage would lag, rather than lead.若..,电压将滞后而不是超前于电流UNIT5semiconductor Diode半导体二极管transistor 晶体管silicon (n) 硅crystalline晶体的impurity 杂质rectifier; rectification整流器/整流triac; diac三端双向晶体管/二端交流开关covalent bonding共价键junction结adjacent临近的diffuse传播equilibrium平衡，均衡...be on the order of ...相当于，近似于UNIT6Amplifier放大器Distinction区别，差别be regard as被视为load resistance 负载电阻substantially=essentially基本地/实质上inherently本质上/生来deduce=reach a conclusion推断transistor circuit晶体管电路precaution预防措施distortion 失真shunt 使...并联impractical不切实际的field-effect场效应UNIT7implement 执行，实现sensor 传感器measurand被测量vat 大桶= tubquantitative 数量的，定量的representative 代表性的，典型的condition 调整，调节categorize 分类transformation 转换photovoltaic 光伏的piezoelectric 压电的thermoelectric 热电的thermistor 热敏电阻RTD 电阻式温度检测器LVDT 线性差动变压器be not representative of…不能代表UNIT8geometric 几何的propagate 传播coordinate 坐标graduated 分度的theodolite 经纬仪bubble 气泡dexterity 灵巧，机敏blunder 大错，失误gross 显著的，严重的obviate 消除，排除conscientious 尽责的algebraic 代数的curvature 弯曲，曲率refraction 折光，折射trigonometric 三角法的calibration 标度unquantifiable 不可测量的UNIT 9solenoid 电磁线圈pneumatic 气动的hydraulic 液动的rinse 漂洗blower 鼓风机cereal 谷物的pellet 颗粒throttling 节流调节detrimental 不利的globe 球形pinch 收缩butterfly 蝶形的flange 法兰，凸缘thread 拧螺丝be prone to 倾向于UNIT10radix 基数predecessor前者contraction缩写saturated 饱和的energize 给通电cutoff 截止的de-energized 失电的UNIT11block 积木integration 集成电路CPU 中央处理单元MSI 中等规模集成电路ALU 算术/逻辑单元tailor 制作decoder 解码器synchronization 同步bus 总线pin 管脚multiplex 多路传输assorted 已分类的processor-on-a-chip 单片处理器UNIT12potentiometer 电位计digitize 将….数字化predefine预定义quantize 量化increment 增加acquisition 获取，采集imperfect 半完成的，减弱的UNIT13element 元件manipulate操纵ambient 周围的，环境的trace 示踪excursion 偏差adversely 相反地intervention 介入consistently 协调地UNIT14sinusoidal 正弦的abscissa 横坐标ramp 斜坡parabolic 抛物线的infer 推断fall into 自然的分作from this standpoint the system time-domain analysis is well justified.从这个观点看，对系统进行时域分析是很合理的。
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句中cause-effect意为“因果” ， uniform treatment意为“统 一处理” 。
An Introduction to Automatic Control
2. History of Automatic Control The use of feedback to control a system has had a fascinating history. The first applications of feedback control appeared in the development of float regulator mechanisms in Greece in the period 300 to 1 B.C. The first feedback system invented in modern Europe is the temperature regulator of Cornelis Drebbel(1572-1633)of Holland. The first automatic feedback controller used in an industrial process is generally agreed to be James Watt’s flyball governor, developed in 1769 for controlling the speed of a steam engine.
句中flyball governor意为“飞球调速器” 。
An Introduction to Automatic Control
2. History of Automatic Control The all mechanical device, shown in Figure 5.1, measures the speed of the output shaft and utilizes the movement of the flyball with speed to control the valve and therefore the amount of steam entering the engine. As the speed increases, the ball weights rise and move away from the shaft axis, thus closing the valve. The flyweights require power from the engine to turn and therefore cause the speed measurement to be 1ess accurate.
An Introduction to Automatic Control
1. Introduction In dealing with control systems, particularly engineering control systems, we will deal with a variety of components, indicating that the subject is an interdisciplinary one. The control engineer needs a working knowledge of mechanics, electronics, electrical machines, fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, structures, material properties, and so on. Obviously not every control system contains elements from more than one discipline.
句中 impetus 意为“动力”， gun-positioning systems, radar antenna control systems意为“枪定位系统、雷达天线控制系 统” 。
An Introduction to Automatic Control
2. History of Automatic Control Frequency-domain techniques continued to dominate the field of control following World War Ⅱ with the increased use of the Laplace transform and the complex frequency plane. During tile 1950s, the emphasis in control engineering theory was on the development and use of the s-plane methods and, particularly, the root locus approach. Furthermore, during the 1980s, the utilization of digital computers for control components became routine. The technology of these new control elements to perform accurate and rapid calculations was formerly unavailable to control engineers.
译为：在研究控制系统，尤其是工程控制系统时，会涉及到各 种不同的学科，这表明控制学科是一个交叉学科。
句中mechanics意为“力学” ，fluid mechanics意为“流体力 学” thermodynamics意为“热力学” 。
An Introduction to Automatic Control
Unit 5 Control
An Introduction to Automatic Control
1. Introduction Engineering is concerned with understanding and controlling the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of humankind. Control system engineers are concerned with understanding and controlling segments of ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้heir environment, to provide useful products for society. Control engineering is based on the foundations of feedback theory and linear system analysis. It is not limited to any engineering discipline but is equally applicable to aeronautical, chemical, mechanical, environmental, civil, and electrical engineering.
Figure 5.1 Watt’s flyball governor
An Introduction to Automatic Control
2. History of Automatic Control A large impetus to the history and practice of automatic control occurred during World War Ⅱ when it became necessary to design and construct automatic airplane pilots, gun-positioning systems, radar antenna control systems, and other military systems based on the feedback control approach. The complexity and expected performance of these military systems necessitated an extension of the available contro1 techniques and fostered interest in control systems and the development of new insights and methods.
句中feedback意为“反馈”， linear system analysis意为“线 性系统分析”。
An Introduction to Automatic Control
1. Introduction A control system is an interconnection of components forming a system configuration that will provide a desired system response. The study of control systems involves not so much the development of new engineering components or machines, but taking combinations of existing hardware to achieve a predetermined goal. Control systems operate in almost every aspect of human activity, including walking, talking, and handling objects. In addition, control systems exist that require no human interaction, such as aircraft automatic pilots and automobile cruise control systems. 译为：对控制系统的研究，与其说是开发新的工程部件或装置， 倒不如说是组合现有的部件来达到预设的目标。