虚拟语气与强调句型讲义

虚拟语气

虚拟语气表示动作或状态是说话人的主观愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。主要用于条件句、让步状语从句和表示建议的名词性从句中。

（一）与事实相反的假设

1. 虚拟条件句谓语动词的构成形式：

例如：

If I were you, I should study English.

If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have failed in the examination.

If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.

2.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。例如：

If you had worked hard, you wouldn’t be very tired now. (从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)

3.条件句中省略if，把were, had, should提到句首，形成倒装。例如：

Were I in school again, I would work harder.

Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him.

Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come.

4其它方式表示。

(1)虚拟语气在as if (as though)、even if (even though)等引导的表语从句或状语从句中的应用

如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时，指现在状况，则用过去时，指将来则用过去将来时。例如：

He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in England.

Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem.

(2)But for your help(without your help), I would have failed.

(3)I am glad I studied. Otherwise, I would have failed.

针对练习

1. But for their help, we__________ the program in time.

A. can not finish

B. will not finish

C. had not finished

D. could not have finished

2. If it were not for the fact that she _______ sing, I would invite her to the party.

A. couldn't

B. shouldn't

C. can't

D. might not

3. If she _______ sing, I would invite her to the party.

A. could

B. should

C. can

D. might

4. I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she ______, she would have met my brother.

A. has come

B. did come

C. came

D. had come

5. —If he ________, he _______that food.

—Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.

A. was warned; would not take

B. had been warned; would not have taken

C. would be warned; had not taken

D. would have been warned; had not taken

6. Though the girl had been suffering from the blood disease, she acted as if nothing ____ to her

while facing her friends and relations.

A. happened

B. would happen

C. was happened

D. had happened

7. If it ________ so hard，we’d go to town.

A.isn’t raining

B.weren’t raining

C.doesn’t rain

D.has rain

8. _____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge

A. Were

B. Should

C. Would

D. Will

（二）主观愿望或祝愿

1.“wish +宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用did(be→were)；表示过去不能实现的愿望时用haddone或could/would +have done；表示将来不能实现的愿望用would/coulddo。例如：

I wish it were spring all the year round.

I wish you could go with us.

We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.

2.if only…要是…就好了，如：

If only I could fly like an eagle.

If only I had carried out my promise.

3. 注意→would rather+宾语从句表示一种主观愿望。例如：

I would rather you came to my party tomorrow.

I would rather you had not gone there.

针对练习

1. —Do you mind if we set out earlier tomorrow morning?

—Well, I’d rather you____.

A. don’t

B. didn’t

C. won’t

D. wouldn’t

2. —I ____ to your birthday party last Sunday.

—Unfortunately, you were out on business.

A. had come

B. came

C. would come

D. would have come

3. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ________ your advice.

A. followed

B. would follow

C. had followed

D. should follow

4. If only he ____quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.