虚拟语气与各种句型

虚拟语气与各种句型

一、I wish句型中的虚拟语气

I wish后面的宾语从句，表示不可能实现的愿望。其动词形式有三种：1. 动词用过去式，表示与现在事实相反的一种愿望。2. 动词用过去完成式，表示与过去事实相反的愿望。 3. 动词用would/should +动词原形，表示与将来事实很可能相反或不可能实现的愿望。如：

I wish I were a doctor.

我希望我是一名医生。

I wish you hadn’t given him my telephone number.

我真希望你没把我的电话号码给他。

I wish you’d come back before Christmas.

我多么希望你在圣诞节之前回来。

[典型考例]How I wish every family_________a large house with a beautiful garden!(NMET02上海春)

A. has

B. had

C. will have

D. had had

二、If only句型中的虚拟语气

If only引导的句子表示“但愿”，“要是……就好了”。其用法和I wish 的句型基本相同，只是更具感情色彩。在If only句型中，动词用过去式，表示一种意愿或假设；动词用过去完成式，表示希望出现和过去事实相反的情况；动词用would +动词原形，表示一时很难实现的愿望。如：

If only I had more time to think about it!

但愿我有更多的时间去考虑它。

If only the explosion had not happened!

爆炸要是没有发生就好了。

If only he had not eaten so much sugar!

要是他不吃那么多糖就好了。

[典型考例1]If only he_________quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. (NMET2000上海)

A. lies

B. lay

C. had lain

D. should lie

[典型考例2] Look at the trouble I am in! If only I_________your advice. （NMET’03 上海）

A. followed

B. would follow

C. had followed

D. should follow

三、“It’s (high) time that…”句型中的虚拟语气

“It’s time that...”句型表示“该是……的时候了”，谓语动词用一般过去式，有时为了强调，在time之前加high一词，表示“早该是……的时候了”。如：

It’s time somebody taught you how to behave yourself.

该有人教你如何接人待物了。

It’s midnight; it’s (high) time we went bed.

半夜了，我们该睡觉了。

It’s (high) time that we did something to stop pollution.

到了我们采取行动制止污染的时候了。

四、would rather /sooner句型中的虚拟语气

would rather/sooner句型表示“宁愿”，谓语动词用一般过去式表示尚未发生的动作；用过去完成时表示对已经发生的动作的某种愿望。如：

I would rather you came tomorrow.

我宁愿你明天来。

I would rather he hadn’t been so rude in the past.

我但愿他不曾那么粗鲁。

五、so that / in order that...句型中的虚拟语气

在so that / in order that...引导的目的状态从句中常用should/ might/could +动词原形表示虚拟语气。如：

She spoke loudly so that everyone could hear her.

她大声说话为了能让每个人听到。

They went to the seaside in order that they could enjoy their vacation together.

他们去了海边为了能享受一起度假的乐趣。

六、as if / though 句型中的虚拟语气

在as if/though引导的方式状语从句中，谓语动词用过去式表示和现在事实相反或有所怀疑；用过去完成式表示对过去事实的假设。但是，如是表示的情况是真实的或实现的可能性很大时，句中的谓语动词用陈述语气。如： He is running about as if he were mad.

他跑来跑去像疯了似的。

He appeared as if he had known nothing about it.

他看上去似乎对此一无所知。

It looks as if it is going to rain.

看起来天要下雨了。

He talks as if he is drunk.

他说起话来好像醉了。

[典型考例]When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_________.(NMET95)

A. breaks

B. has broken

C. were broken

D. had been broken

七、in case/for fear句型中的虚拟语气