虚拟语气句型

常用虚拟语气句型

1．if条件句

条件状语从句可分为真实条件句，即条件满足，事实就发生的情况；和非真实条件句，即与事实相反或难以实现的假设情况。虚拟语气的基本句型，即是这种非真实条件状语从句。

If I had got up early, I wouldn’t have been late.

If I were to do it, I should do it at once.

【说明】

①在非正式英语中，条件从句中的第一、第三人称单数主语后可用was代替were。

If I was you, I would accept the invitation.

②主句中的would可用于各种人称，而should只用于第一人称。

③在主句中也可用情态动词could，might代替would，should。

If I had had enough time, I might have done it better.

④条件从句中的谓语动词含有were，had，should时，可以省略从属连接词if，然后采

用倒装结构，把were，had，should移到主语前面。

Should you pass this way, do drop in for a visit.= If you should pass this way,…… Had I known it, I wouldn’t had made such a silly mistake.= If I had known it,…… Were it left to me to decide whether I should have a job immediately or go on to study at college, I wouldn’t hesitate a moment to choose the latter.= If it were left to me to decide……..

⑤在同一个句子中不能一部分表示真实条件，另一部分表示非真实条件。

[误]If my grandfather comes tomorrow, I should stay home.

[正]If my grandfather comes tomorrow, I shall stay home.

[正]If my grandfather were to come tomorrow, I should stay home.

⑥有时，条件和结果发生的时间不一致，动词形式便要作适当调整，变成错综时间条件句。

If you had taken the medicine, you would be well now.

If he were honest, he would had told us the truth.

If it hadn’t rained so much, we would have a good harvest in autumn.

2．介词或介词短语without/ thanks to/ but for +名词结构代替if条件句表示的虚拟语

Thanks to the man’s timely rescue, the child would have been drowned.

Without the sun and water, nothing would live.

I wish I had not failed the chemistry examination.

I wish I would become a pilot when I grow up.

*hope与wish不同，后面接宾语从句一般表示真实情况，其愿望一般可以实现。

I hope it will be fine tomorrow.

但如果说had hoped，则表示一种过去未实现的愿望，宾语从句用would +动词原形来表示。

I had hoped Tom would attend the meeting.

He talks as if he had been on the spot.

The situation seems as if it would be out of control.

If only I had not been that silly!

If only the rain would stop!

*此句型大多可与wish句型转换。如上面三句分别相当于：

I wish I were with you now.

I wish I had not been that silly.

I wish the rain would stop.

7．suggest, require, order, etc. +宾语从句

在一些表示建议、愿望、要求、请求、劝告、意志、欲望、命令、安排、决定等的动词的宾语从句中，要用虚拟语气。其形式是should +动词原形。肯定句式中should可以省略，而仅用动词原形。这类动词有：ask，require，request，demand，pray，insist，desire，maintain，propose，suggest，move，urge，advise，recommend，command，order，arrange，decide等。

She demanded (that) the paper (should) be rewritten.

I suggest (that) he (should) get there as soon

8．it is important, required, etc. +主语从句

在it is +表示要求、建议、必要、命令等意思的形容词或分词+主语从句的结构中，要用should +动词原形的虚拟语气，should可省略。这类形容词和分词有：advised，advisable，better，desired，desirable，demanded，essential，important，natural，necessary，ordered，proposed，possible，probable，preferable，recommended，required，suggested，strange，urgent，strange，incredible等；这个表语结构也可以是it is a pity，it is a wonder，it is a shame等。

It’s necessary (that) we (should) start to do the work right away.

It’s urgent we (should) send for a doctor at once.

It is a pity that she (should) call black white.

9．用于表语从句或同位语从句中的虚拟语气

在一些表示愿望、建议、要求、命令等意义的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句后，谓语动词要用虚拟语气。这类名词有：advice，decision，idea，order，plan，proposal，recommendation，suggestion，opinion，requirement，direction，policy等。

My opinion is that we (should) review their proposal right now.

He made the request that the problem (should) be settled at once.

10．Lest/ for fear (that)/ in case 引导的状语从句

这类状语从句表示担心、忧虑，谓语动词用(should) +动词原形构成。

I’m telling you this lest you (should) doubt my sincerity.

Julia had to go on a diet for fear that she (should) lose her job as a model.

11．in order that, so that +目的状语从句

We started our journey before dawn so that we might stand a chance to reach there before sunset.

12．其他虚拟语气句式

①would rather/would as soon/would sooner +从句

I would rather you were in the same group as we are.

I’d just as soon you didn’t repeat such a careless mistake.

②通过上下文表示假设的情况。2

Ted just gives up everything for her. I would not be that silly.

Ted为了她舍弃了一切，我就不会这么傻。

③had + expected/ hoped/ supposed, etc.表示希望、设想、预期而未实现的过去动作。

I had expected I would pass the driving test.

④表示祝愿的话中。

May our longstanding friendship last for ever!

Love live the peace of the world!