人机工程学培训

9. 地面和表面运输
机器设备密封.将任何压缩液或附属木片放在提供 的容器中.在操作前零件要烘干.必要时,地面要涂 上防滑品.消除不平坦地面的可能.
不要同时向相反方向移动手和胳膊 Move as little of the body as possible 尽可能少的移动肢体
For light tasks, moving the hands and wrists is preferable to moving the upper arms or shoulders
Ergonomics Observation Form
人机工程学观察表
OBSERVATIONS 5. 货物运输 SCORING 0-5 (Very Weak - 0, Excellent - 5) 工位应设计成能消除不重要材料的移动.需要机械 装置的辅助(传送带,工作台,工作台间的铁轨等) RESULT (0-5) IMPROVEMENTS
DON’T
DON’T
DON’T
DO
DO
DO
Checklist for Ergonomic Risk
人机工程风险检查表
Ma nua l Ma te ria l Ha ndling Is Is Is Is Is the re the re the re the re the re lifting of loa ds , tools or pa rts ? lowe ring of loa ds , tools or pa rts ? re a c hing for loa ds , tools or pa rts ? be nding a t the wa is t to ha ndle loa ds , tools or pa rts ? twis ting a t the wa is t to ha ndle loa ds , tools or pa rts ? Environme nt Is the the rma l e nviornome nt c omforta ble ? Are worke r's ha nds e xpos e d to le s s tha n 70 De gre e s fa hre nhe it? Is the workpla c e poorly lit? Is the re gla re ? Is the re e xc e s s ive nois e ? Tools
Ge ne ra l Workpla ce Are wa lkwa y s une ve n, s lippe ry or obs truc te d? Is hous e ke e ping poor? Is the re ina de qua te c le a ra nc e /a c c e s s ibility for pe rforming ta s ks ? Are s ta irs c lutte re d or la c king ra ilings ? Is prope r footwe a r worn?
Me ta bolic Do tools a nd pa rts we igh more tha n 10 pounds ? Is re a c hing gre a te r tha n 20 inc he s ? Is be nding, s tooping, or s qua tting a ta s k a c tivity ? Is lifting or lowe ring a ta s k a c tivity ? Is wa lking or c a rry ing a ta s k a c tivity ? Is s ta ir or la dde r c limbing a ta s k a c tivity ? Is re a c hing a ta s k a c tivity ? Is Ta kt time 12 s e c onds or le s s ? Do worke rs c ompla in tha t fa tigue a llowa nc e s a re ins uffic ie nt? Cumula tive Tra uma Disorde rs Are the re fre que nt re pe tivive motions ? Doe s the work re quire be nding of the ne c k, s houlde r, e lbow, wris t or finge r joints ? Are the re forc e ful or quic k, s udde n motions ? Are the re s hoc k or ra pid buildup of forc e s ? Is finge r pinc h gripping us e d? Is the re s us ta ine d s ta tic mus c le c ontra c tion? Vide o Displa ys Is VDT us e d more tha n 4 hours pe r da y ? Doe s the worke r ma inta in one pos ition for a n e xte nde d pe riod of time ? Is the c ha ir a nd de s k a djus ta ble ? Is the monitor, ke y boa rd a nd doc ume nt holde r a djus ta ble ? Doe s the lighting c a us e gla re ? Do worke rs c ompla in of fa tigue ?
人机工程学是在设计一项工作时为 适合我们的能力而使用的工具
– Thereby avoiding the fringes of避免达到人体极限
Use Of The Body: Principles 肢体的使用: 原则
Do not simultaneously move both hands or arms in opposite directions
Glove s Are glove s re quire d to pe rform the ta s k? Do the glove s provide a de qua te prote c tion? Do the glove s the ms e lve s pre s e nt a c a tc hpoint ha za rd?
Is the tool ha ndle too s ma ll or too la rge ? Doe s the ha ndle s ha pe c a us e the ope ra tor to be nd the wris t in orde r to us e the Is the tool ha rd to a c c e s s ? Doe s the tool we igh more tha n 9 pounds ? Doe s the tool vibra te e xc e s s ive ly ? Doe s the tool kic kba c k ? Doe s the tool be c ome hot or c old?
操作者无需长时间伸展/弯曲胳膊或腿,不应大角度转 头,也不应单腿独立,当操作者需长时间伸展胳膊或手 时要有支撑物 . 尽量少的举起或移动物体.操作者不应举起重物.当要 举起物体时,他可采用适当的姿势.物体要尽量轻.避免 同时有精确度和力度的要求. 如果可能, 用手柄帮助举 起物体.
4. Lifting Objects 举起物体
初级区=最近的 二级区=经常使用的物品 参照区=偶尔使用的物品
Recommended heights of benches for standing work
站立工作时的工作台建议高度
Hand / Wrist
手/手腕
BAD BAD
GOOD!
BAD
BAD
GOOD!
DON’T
DON’T
DON’T
DO
Ergonomics 人机工程学
Ergonomics人机工程学
Our bodies have capabilities and limitations
我们的身体有各种能力也有极限
Ergonomics is a tool for designing a job to fit our capabilities
为移动的次序建立一个适当的节奏 尽可能减少思维集中并设计能够以轻松方式执行的动作
Work Zones
工作区
Work Zone .... where work gets工作区….工作场所 Three zones 三种工作区 – The primary zone = closest – The secondary zone = for regularly used items – The reference zone = for occasionally used items
在完成用力少的任务时,最好移动胳膊的上半部分和肩膀
Avoid abrupt changes in the direction of movement, and favor free, unrestricted movement
为避免移动时突变方向, 要进行自由而不受限制的移动
Establish a suitable rhythm for the order of motions
Ergonomics Observation Form
人机工程学观察表
OBSERVATIONS 8. 坠落的风险 SCORING 0-5 (Very Weak - 0, Excellent - 5) 工作平台的使用减少了.当被使用时,操作者无需 在正常工作周期中下降.在离地面半米的地方或者 如果活动要求有则有扶手提供.半米以下的障碍物 将被作上标记.在过道上不应有任何障碍物.如果 过道上有障碍物,则会安放跳板.电缆将依托合适 的支撑物悬挂在空中 RESULT (0-5) IMPROVEMENTS
6. 手臂,手和手腕经 常性运动
操作者并不经常搬运重而大的物品.工具和设备并 不传递过度的振动.任务和工具并没有给手掌和指 尖造成持久性的压力.手腕不应向前,向后,向旁边 伸展.操作者不必在工作时提高肩膀或手肘.
7. 碰撞风险
被禁止的通道/过道被关闭或可以被正确识别.过 道畅通无阻;这些通道在所有方向上都有良好的能 见度.梯子和楼梯通往这些受保护的区域.服务台 位于过道后面.将被使用的通道可以识别.没有固 定的或明显的障碍物,也没有任何尖角;如果有,它 们将被发觉/保护
Ergonomics Observation Form
人机工程学观察表
观察项目 1. Employee Size 员工身材 2. The Accessibility of Tools, Controls and Materials 获得工具,控制器,材料 的难易程度 3. Static Load and Fixed Posture 静态负荷和固定姿势 评分 0-5 (很差 - 0, 很好 - 5) 工位要适合员工的身材(台子,长凳,架子).坐下时要有 足够空间放腿.站起时要有足够的地方放脚 材料和工具应容易得到,尽量少的扭动和伸展肢体 要有足够扭动和转身的空间. 操作者无需进行超过肩 膀,低于腰部的动作 结果 (0-5) 改进
DO
DO
DON’T
DON’T
DON’T
DO
DO
DO
AVOID!
AVOID!
GOOD!
Shoulder Flexion
Shoulder Extension
Neutral
DON’T
DON’T
DON’T
DO
DO
DO
DON’T
DON’T
DON’T
DO
DO
DO
DON’T
DON’T
DON’T
DO
DO
DO