医学专业英语第一章节学习笔记

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医学英文知识点总结归纳

医学英文知识点总结归纳1. AnatomyAnatomy is the study of the structure of the human body. It is essential for medical students and healthcare professionals to have a thorough understanding of anatomy in order to accurately diagnose and treat patients. Key areas of anatomy include the musculoskeletal system, the nervous system, the cardiovascular system, and the respiratory system.Musculoskeletal system: This system includes the bones, muscles, and joints of the human body. It is essential for movement, support, and protection. Key topics in musculoskeletal anatomy include bone structure, muscle types, and joint movements.Nervous system: The nervous system is responsible for coordinating the body's activities and transmitting signals between different parts of the body. Key areas of nervous system anatomy include the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.Cardiovascular system: The cardiovascular system is responsible for circulating blood and delivering oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues. Key topics in cardiovascular anatomy include the heart, blood vessels, and the circulatory system.Respiratory system: The respiratory system is responsible for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment. Key areas of respiratory anatomy include the lungs, airways, and the process of breathing.2. PhysiologyPhysiology is the study of how the body functions. It is essential for medical professionals to have a strong understanding of physiology in order to understand the mechanisms underlying health and disease. Key areas of physiology include cell biology, organ systems, and homeostasis.Cell biology: Cells are the basic units of life, and understanding their structure and function is essential for understanding physiology. Key topics in cell biology include cell membrane structure, cellular metabolism, and cell communication.Organ systems: The human body is composed of multiple organ systems that work together to maintain homeostasis. Key areas of organ system physiology include the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, and digestive system.Homeostasis: Homeostasis is the process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment despite external changes. Key topics in homeostasis include temperature regulation, fluid balance, and hormonal control.3. PathologyPathology is the study of disease. It is essential for medical professionals to have a strong understanding of pathology in order to diagnose and treat patients accurately. Key areas of pathology include the causes of disease, the mechanisms of disease progression, and the body's response to disease.Causes of disease: There are many factors that can cause disease, including genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Key topics in the causes of disease include infectious agents, genetic mutations, and environmental toxins.Mechanisms of disease progression: Once a disease has been initiated, there are many potential mechanisms by which it can progress. Key areas of disease progression include inflammation, cell proliferation, and tissue remodeling.Body's response to disease: The body has a complex system of defenses against disease, including the immune system and other physiological responses. Key areas of the body's response to disease include inflammation, immune function, and repair mechanisms.4. PharmacologyPharmacology is the study of how drugs interact with the body. It is essential for medical professionals to have a strong understanding of pharmacology in order to prescribe medications safely and effectively. Key areas of pharmacology include drug actions, drug interactions, and the use of medications in different patient populations.Drug actions: Medications have specific effects on the body, and understanding these effects is essential for prescribing medications safely. Key topics in drug actions include drug receptors, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics.Drug interactions: Many medications can interact with each other, leading to potential adverse effects. Key areas of drug interactions include drug-drug interactions, drug-food interactions, and drug-disease interactions.Use of medications in different patient populations: Medications may have different effects in different patient populations, such as children, elderly patients, and patients with comorbidities. Key areas of using medications in different patient populations include pediatric pharmacology, geriatric pharmacology, and pharmacotherapy in special populations.5. Clinical medicineClinical medicine is the practice of applying medical knowledge to diagnosing and treating patients. It is essential for medical professionals to have a strong understanding of clinical medicine in order to provide high-quality patient care. Key areas of clinical medicine include history taking, physical examination, diagnostic testing, and treatment options.History taking: Obtaining a thorough medical history is essential for accurately diagnosing and treating patients. Key areas of history taking include the patient's chief complaint, past medical history, family history, and social history.Physical examination: Performing a comprehensive physical examination is essential for identifying potential signs of disease. Key areas of physical examination include inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation.Diagnostic testing: Ordering and interpreting diagnostic tests is essential for confirming a diagnosis and guiding treatment decisions. Key areas of diagnostic testing include laboratory tests, imaging studies, and other specialized testing.Treatment options: Once a diagnosis has been established, there are many potential treatment options available to patients. Key areas of treatment options include medications, surgical interventions, and non-pharmacological therapies.In conclusion, medical knowledge encompasses a wide range of topics, including anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, and clinical medicine. In order to provide high-quality patient care, medical professionals must have a strong understanding of these topics. This summary provides a comprehensive overview of key knowledge areas in the field of medicine, and is essential for anyone studying or practicing in the field of healthcare.。

医学专业英语第一章

Chapter 1Section A Medical Terminology1.IntroductionHow many medical words are there in a medium-sized medical? The answer is around 100,000, which is only a conservative estimate. Moreover, like the jargon in all forward-moving fields, the number is expanding so constantly and quickly that it defies any memorization! There are tools, however, that can aid in learning and remembering medical terms and even help in marking informed guesses as to the meaning of unfamiliar words. Furthermore, their number are limited, about 400 to 500 or so (the most active ones),but the conbination derived from them are enormous. So, to learn how to use these tools is much more efficient and meaningful than to try to memorize every medical term.Most medical terms are based on Greek and Latin words, which are consisten and uniform throughout many differiend areas. The tools you are going to learn to use are these Greek and Latin parts of words, which are called the root, prefix ,suffix, combining vowels and combining forms.- The root is the foundation of the word and all medical terms have one or more roots.- The prefix is the begainning of the word. Not all medical terms contain prefix, but the prefix have an important influence on meaning.- The suffix is the ending of the word and all medical terms have a suffix.- The combining vowel is the vowel that links the root to another root.- The combining form is the combination of the root and combining vowel.Section B Human BodyIn this passage you will learn:- Classification of organ systems- Structure and function of each organ system- Associated medical terms1. To understand the human body it is necessary to understand how its parts are put together and how they function. The study of the body's structure is called anatomy; the study of the body's function is known as physiology. Other studies of human body include biology, cytology, embryology, histology, hematology, psychology ect.2. Anatomists find it useful to divide human body into ten systems, that is, the skeletal system, the muscular system, the circulatory system, the respiratory system, the digestive system, the urinary system, the endocrine system, the nevers system, the reproductive system and the skin. The principal parts of each of these systems are discribed in this article.3.The skeletal system is made of bones, joins berween bones, and cartilage. Its function is to provide support and protection for the soft tissues and the organs of the body and provide the points of attachment for the muscles that move the body. There are 206 bones in the human skeleton. They have various shapes--long, short, cube-shaped, flat, and irregular. Many of the longbones have an interior space that is filled with bone marrow,where blood cells are made.4. A joint is where bones are joined together. The connection can be so close that no movement is possible, as is the case in the skull.Other kinds of joints permit movement: either back and forth in one plane--as with the hinge joint of the elbow--or movement around a single axis--as with the pivot joint that permits the head to rotate. A wide range of movement is possible when the ballshaped end of one bone fits into a socker at the end of one bone fits into a socket at the end of another bone, as they do in the shoulder and hip joints.5. Cartilage is a more flexible material than bone. It serves as a protective, cushioning layer where bones come together.It also connects the ribs to the breastbone and provides a structural base for the nose and the external ear. An infant's skeleton is made of cartilage that is gradually replaced by bone as the infant grows into an adult.6.The muscular system allows the body to move, and its contractions produce heat, which helps maintain a constant body tempreture. Striated muscles can be constiously controlled.The ends of these muscles are attached to different bones by connective tissue bands so that when the muscle contracts, one bone moves in relation to the other. This makes it possible to move the whole body,as when walking, or to move just one part of the body, as when bending a finger.7.Contractions of the heart and smooth muscles are not under conscious control. Smooth muscles are found in the walls of the organs such as the stomach and the intestines and serve to move the contents of these organs through the body.8.The circulatory system. All parts of the body must have nourishment and oxygen in order to function and grow, and their waste products must be removed before they accumulate and poison the body. The circulatary system distributes needed materials and removes unneeded ones. It is made up of the heart, blood vessels,and blood,which together make up the cardiovascular system.The blood is also part of the body's defense system.It has antibodies and white blood cells that protect the body against foreign invaders.9.The heart is a muscle that is divited into two nearly identical halves: one half receives boold from the lungs and sends it to the rest of the body, the other half sends blood that has traveled through the body back to the lungs.When the heart muscles contracts,the blood is forced out into arteries and enters small capillaries. Blood returns to the heart through veins.10.Also functioning in circulation is the lymphtic system.Some of the fluid that surrounds cells does not reenter the blood vessels directly.This fluid, called lymph, returns to the heart by way of another system of channels--the lymph vessels.Lymph nodes along these vessels filter the fluid before it reenters the blood.The spleen is a large lymphatic organ that filters the blood.11.The respiratory system takes in oxygen from the air and expels carbon dioxide and water vapor.Air enters the nose and mouth and travels through the larynx,and trachea.The trachea divedes to enter each of the teo lungs and then divides more than 20 times to form a very large number of small air spaces. Oxygen from the air enter the blood through capillaries in the walls of these air spaces,and the blood releases carbon dioxide into the air spaces to be exheled.12.The digestive system consists of a tube extending from the mouth to the anus.In it, food and fluids are taking in,moved through the body,and broken down into small molecules that are obsorbed into the circulatory system.This breakdown, known as digestion,is both a mechanical and a chemical process.13.Food enters through the mouth, where chewing and saliva start to break it up and make it easier to swallow.Next the food travels down through the esophagus to the stomach.Contraction ofthe stomach's muscular wall continue to break down the food mechanically,and chemical digestion continues when acid and enzymes are secreted into the stomach cavity.14.The liquified food gradually passed into the small intestine.In the first part of the small intestine,called the duodenum,enzymes from the pancreas are added. These enzymes complete the chemical breakdown of the food.The digestion of fat is added by bile,which is made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder.The small intestine of an adult is about 21 feet(6.4 meters) long.Most of its length is devoted to avsorbing the nutrients released during these digestive activities.15.The liquid remainder of the food enters the large intestine,or colon,which is about 12 feet(3.7 meter) long.It is more than twice as wide as the small intestine.In the large intestine most of the fluid is absorbed, and the relatively dry residues are expelled.16.The urinary system maintains normal levels of water and of certain small molecules such as sodium and potassium in the body. It does this by passing blood through the kidneys, two efficient filtering organs that get rid of any excess of various molecules and conserve those molecules that are in short supply.17.The fluid that leaves the kidneys,known as urine,travles through a tube called the ureter to the bladder.The bladder holds the urine until it is voided from the body through another tube, the urethra.18.The endocrine system. The two system that control body activities are the endocrine system and the nervous system.The former exerts its control by means of chemical messengers called hormones. Hormones are produced by a variety of endocrine glands, which release the hormones directly into the blood stream.19.A major gland is the pituitary, which is located under the brain in the moddle of the head.It produces at least eight hormones, which affect growth, kidney function, and development of the sex organs.Because some of the pituitary's hormones stimulate other glands to produce their own hormones,the pituitary is called the master gland.20.Another gland, the thyroid is located between the collar bones.Its hormone controls the rate of the body's metabolism.The sex organs(ovaries and tests)make the sex cells and also make hormones that control certain characteristics of the males and females. Located on the top of each kidney is the adrenal gland,which produces cortisone and adrenaline.The pancreas produce not only digestive enzymes but also insulin and glucagon, which control the body's use of the sugar and starches.21.The nervous system--the brain, the spinal cord, and the nerves--also controls body activities.The lower parts of the brain control basic functions such as breathing and heart rate as well as body temperature ,hunger,and thirst.Above these regions are the centers for sight, sound, touch, smell, and taste, and the regoins that direct voluntory muscular activities of the arms and legs.Performed here are the higher functions of integrating and processing information.22.The brain receives and sends information by means of nerves, many of which lie partly in the spinal cord.The spinal cord is protected by the spinal column.Nerves enter aand leave the spinal cord at each level of the body,traveling to and from the arms, legs, and trunk.These nerves bring information from the various sence organs.The information is processed by the brain, and the messages are carried back to muscles and glands throughout the body.23.The reproductive system is constructed differently for males and females. The male reproductive system is responsible for producing , transporting and maintaining viable sperm(the male sex cell).It also produces the male sex hormone, testosterone, which regulates thedevelopment of a bread, pubic hair, a deep voice and other bodily characteristics of the adult male.24.The female productive system is responsible for producing and transporting ova(the female sex cells) eliminating ova from the body when they are not fertilized by sperm, and nourishing a newborn child.The female reproductive system also produces the female sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone, which regulate the development of breasts and other bodily characteristics of the mature female.25.The skin is complete layer that protects the inner structures of the body, and it is the largest of the body's organs.It keeps out finger substances and provents excessive water evaporation.The nerves in the skin provide tactile information.The skon also helps keep the body's temperature close to 98.6℉(about 37℃): heat is conserved by reducing blood flow through the skin or is expended by increasing blood flow and by evaporation of sweat from the skin.Hair and nails are accessory structures of the skin.第一章医学术语A部分1.Introduction有多少医学词是在一个中等大小的体检吗?答案是大约10万,这只是保守的估计。

学术英语(医学)Unit1~4课文翻译

Unit 1 Text A神经过载与千头万绪的医生患者经常抱怨自己的医生不会聆听他们的诉说。

虽然可能会有那么几个医生确实充耳不闻，但是大多数医生通情达理，还是能够感同身受的人。

我就纳闷为什么即使这些医生似乎成为批评的牺牲品。

我常常想这个问题的成因是不是就是医生所受的神经过载。

有时我感觉像变戏法，大脑千头万绪，事无巨细，不能挂一漏万。

如果病人冷不丁提个要求，即使所提要求十分中肯，也会让我那内心脆弱的平衡乱作一团，就像井然有序同时演出三台节目的大马戏场突然间崩塌了一样。

有一天，我算过一次常规就诊过程中我脑子里有多少想法在翻腾，试图据此弄清楚为了完满完成一项工作，一个医生的脑海机灵转动，需要处理多少个细节。

奥索里奥夫人 56 岁，是我的病人。

她有点超重。

她的糖尿病和高血压一直控制良好，恰到好处。

她的胆固醇偏高，但并没有服用任何药物。

她锻炼不够多，最后一次 DEXA 骨密度检测显示她的骨质变得有点疏松。

尽管她一直没有爽约，按时看病，并能按时做血液化验，但是她形容自己的生活还有压力。

总的说来，她健康良好，在医疗实践中很可能被描述为一个普通患者，并非过于复杂。

以下是整个 20 分钟看病的过程中我脑海中闪过的念头。

她做了血液化验，这是好事。

血糖好点了。

胆固醇不是很好。

可能需要考虑开始服用他汀类药物。

她的肝酶正常吗？她的体重有点增加。

我需要和她谈谈每天吃五种蔬果、每天步行 30 分钟的事。

糖尿病：她早上的血糖水平和晚上的比对结果如何？她最近是否和营养师谈过？她是否看过眼科医生？足科医生呢？她的血压还好，但不是很好。

我是不是应该再加一种降血压的药？药片多了是否让她困惑？更好地控制血压的益处和她可能什么药都不吃带来的风险孰重孰轻？骨密度 DEXA 扫描显示她的骨质有点疏松。

我是否应该让她服用二磷酸盐，因为这可以预防骨质疏松症？而我现在又要给她加一种药丸，而这种药需要详细说明。

也许留到下一次再说吧？她家里的情况怎么样呢？她现在是否有常见的生活压力？亦或她有可能有抑郁症或焦虑症？有没有时间让她做个抑郁问卷调查呢？健康保养：她最后一次乳房 X 光检查是什么时候做的？子宫颈抹片呢？ 50 岁之后是否做过结肠镜检查？过去 10 年间她是否注射过破伤风加强疫苗？她是否符合接种肺炎疫苗的条件？奥索里奥夫人打断了我的思路，告诉我过去的几个月里她一直背痛。

医科专业英语重点词汇 (1)

Unit 7 Text A Words & Phrases1. cardiovascular system心血管系统2. circulatory system循环系统3. plasma血浆4. erythrocyte红细胞5. leukocyte白细胞6. platelet count血小板计数7. megakaryocyte巨核细胞8. hematocrit血细胞比容9. hemoglobin血红蛋白10. diffuse扩散，弥漫11. granulocyte粒细胞12. osmotic pressure渗透压13. phagocytosis吞噬作用14. interferon干扰素15. systemic circulation体循环16. pulmonary circulation肺循环17. deoxygenated blood去氧血18. tricuspid valve三尖瓣19. pulmonic valve肺动脉瓣20. aortic valve主动脉瓣21. tachycardia心动过速22. bradycardia心动过缓23. systole心缩期24. diastole心舒期Unit 8 Text A Words & Phrases1. atrium心房2. ventricle心室3. mitral / bicuspid valve二尖瓣4. semilunar valve半月瓣5. endocardium心内膜6. myocardium心肌7. epicardium心外膜8. pericardium心包(膜)9. pulmonary trunk肺动脉干10. stethoscope听诊器11. murmur (心脏)杂音,12. pacemaker cell P细胞(起搏细胞)13. sinus /sinoatrial node窦房结14. atrioventricular node房室结15. aorta主动脉16. common carotid artery颈总动脉17. artery动脉18. capillary毛细血管19. superior / inferior vena cava上腔静脉/下腔静脉。

(完整版)医学专业英语1-4单元术语解释、短语和课后习题答案

Chapter 1Human Body as a WholeMedical TerminologyLearn the following combining forms, prefixes and suffixesand write the meaning of the medical term in the space provided.1. a hormone secreted from the adrenal gland2. inflammation of the adrenal gland3. pertaining to medicine4. pertaining to biology5. pertaining to chemistry6. pertaining to the blood vessel7. pertaining to cells8. pertaining to molecules9. pertaining to the medicine of the living thing10. the study of the living thing11. pertaining to the physics of the living thing12. the study of the heart13. the disease of the heart14. the record of the heart waves15. the study of the human inner secretion from glands16. pertaining to the production of hormone17. the study of inner gland secretion18. the red blood cell19. the white blood cell20. the lymph cell21. the study of cell22. the study of chemistry of cell23. the study of biology of cell25. the tumor of the embryo26. the study of the disease of the embryo27. the study of the human inner secretion from glands28. pertaining to the inside of the heart29. pertaining to the inside of the cell30. above the skin31. above the skin32. inflammation of the skin33. red blood cells34. instrument of measuring red blood cells35. to breathe out the waste gas36. to drive somebody or something out37. to spread outside38. sth that produces diseases39. the study of blood40. blood cells41. the study of tissues42. the study of tissue pathology43. therapy treatment, hence tissue treatment44. pertaining to the base45. pertaining to the toxin46. pertaining to symptoms47. the study of body’s auto protection from diseases48. protected from49. deficiency in the immune system of the body50. substance from the adrenal gland51. water from it52. the study of societies53. the study of urinary system55. lymph cells56. tumor of the lymphatic system57. the study of the lymphatic system58. the study of physical growth59. a doctor of internal medicine60. treatment by physiological methods61. the new growth ,tumor62. the study of mind63. abnormal condition of the mind64. the study of the relationship between psychology and biology65. a condition of over activity of the thyroid gland66. the condition of under activity of the thyroid gland67. the inflammation of the thyroid gland68.cutting apart the human body as a branch of medical sciences69. cut open the bone70.to cut the heart open71. pertaining to the blood vessel72. inflammation of the blood vessel73. pertaining to the lymphatic system and the blood vesselKey to the Exercises B.1.（embryo）embryology2.(process/condition) mechanism3.(heart) cardiovascular4.(color) chromatin5.(secretion) endocrinology6.(cell) cytology7.(sth. that produces or is produced) pathogen8.(lymph) lymphatic9.(the study of) psychology10.(pertaining to) regularLanguage Points:put together组成known as 叫做joints between bones关节to provide points of attachment for the muscles that move the body牵动骨骼肌引起各种运动hip joint髋关节flexible有韧性的cushioning缓冲replaced by bone 骨化one bone moves in relation to the other两骨彼此靠近产生运动contents物质nourishment营养物质function发挥功能waste products废物accumulate积聚poison the body危害生命distributes运送needed materials有用的物质unneeded ones废物is made up of包括protect…against foreign invaders防止外来侵袭（See! Power Point）identical对等的receives吸收traveled through流经forced out压送reenter流入directly直接地channels 管道filters过滤larynx喉管trachea气管two lungs左右肺very large number of 大量的air spaces肺泡release释放出extending 延伸到broken down分解absorbed into吸收进chewing咀嚼esophagus食管Key to the Section B Passage 1 Exercises B.1. (The skeletal system consists of bones, joints and soft bones.)2. (Heart is generated when muscles are contracted, which helps keep the bodytemperature constant.)3. (The circulation of blood carries useful materials to all body cells while removing wasteones.)4. (Oxygen is inhaled and carbon dioxide is exhaled in the process of respiration.)5. (The digestion of food involves both mechanical and chemical procedures.)6. (The urinary system keeps normal levels of water and of certain chemicals in the body.)7. (The pituitary is a major gland located under the brain in the middle of the head.)8. (The brain collects and processes information and then sends instructions to all parts ofthe body to be carried out.)9. (The main function of the male reproductive system is to generate, transport and keepactive male sex cells.)10. (The largest of the body’s organs, the skin protects the inner structure of the body with acomplete layer.)Key to the Section A Passage 1 Exercises E.1.cardiovascular diseases2. function of the pituitary3. the urinary tract4. molecules5. artery6. endocrinology7. dyspnea / difficulty in respiration 8. saliva9. histology 10. blood circulation11. hematology 12. physiology13. anatomy 14. the female reproductive15. nervous cells 16. immunology17. indigestion / poor in digestion 18. voluntary muscle19. embryology 20. psychologySection B, Passage 2 Cells and TissuesLanguage PointsOrganized组（构）成arranged in to构成in turn are grouped into又进一步组成serves its specific有特定的bear in mind记住result from源于billions亿万determind确立fit on合在一起by contrast相比之下machinary机构while normally在正常情况下function with great efficiency高效地发挥作用are subject to易于发生result in导致millionth百万分之一equal等于average一般 a speck barely visible基本上看不见的一个小点The science that deals with cells on the smalleststructural and functional level is called molecular biology.从最小的结构及功能水平研究细胞的科学叫分子生物学。

医学英语笔记

医学英语笔记English:Medical English is a specialized form of language that is used in the field of medicine, healthcare, and pharmaceuticals. It is essential for healthcare professionals to have a strong command of medical English in order to effectively communicate with colleagues, patients, and other healthcare professionals. Medical English includes terms, vocabulary, and phrases related to anatomy, physiology, medical procedures, diagnosis, treatment, and pharmaceuticals. It also involves understanding medical abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols commonly used in medical documentation and reports. In addition, medical English also encompasses the ability to effectively communicate and convey complex medical information in a clear and understandable manner to patients and their families. Proficiency in medical English is crucial for accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, patient education, and collaboration among healthcare professionals.中文翻译:医学英语是医学、医疗保健和制药领域使用的专门语言形式。

医学英语课文翻译unit

Unit1肺和肾的功能肺的血管系统肺从两个血管系统----支气管循环系统和肺循环系统获得血液供应。

它的营养血液来自于支气管循环系统，流向肺部除肺泡外的所有组织，因为支气管循环系统始于主动脉及上肋间动脉，接受大约1%的心输出量。

大约三分之一的支气管循环的静脉输出流入全身静脉，然后回到右心房。

剩余的输出流入肺静脉，并在心脏最小静脉的作用下，在正常情况下，以1%-2%的量自右向左分流。

肺动脉系统沿着气道从肺门向外周延伸，向下连接下段气道（直径大约2毫米）的动脉，它们壁薄且富有弹性。

从这儿开始，动脉成肌肉化发展，直至其达到30微米，此时肌层消失。

因为这些小肌肉动脉起着积极控制肺部血流分布的作用，所以大部分动脉压降产生在这些小肌肉动脉中。

肺小动脉将血液排空，送入广泛分布的毛细血管网，进入肺静脉。

肺静脉的壁很薄，它们最终在肺门处与动脉和支气管汇合，出肺进入左心房。

肾结构成分人类肾脏在解剖学上位于腹膜后隙，与下胸椎和上腰椎平行。

每个成年人的肾脏大约重150克，长、宽、厚分别为12厘米、6厘米以及3厘米。

肾脏的冠状部分分为/由两个明确的区域（组成）。

外周部的皮质大约1厘米厚，深部的髓质由几个肾锥体构成。

这些锥体状结构的底部位于皮髓质结合处。

锥体的顶部伸入肾门，称为肾**。

每个肾**被一个肾小盏包裹。

肾小盏与肾大盏相聚组成肾盂。

经肾**流出的尿液汇集在肾盂，通过输尿管排入膀胱。

由主动脉分支出来的肾总动脉为两肾输送血液。

肾总动脉通常分为两个主侧支，这两个侧支又进一步分为叶动脉，为肾脏上、中、下区域供应血液。

当这些血管进入肾实质，变成叶间动脉通向肾皮质时，（这些血管）又进一步细分。

细分后的更小血管在皮髓质结合处成为竖支--弓状动脉。

从弓状动脉伸出的叶间动脉进入皮质。

由于传入小动脉始于这些末端叶间动脉，所以为肾小球毛细血管输送血液。

组织学上，肾脏是由一个叫做“肾单位”的基本单位组成。

每个肾脏约含有一百万个肾单位，“肾单位”有两个主要成分：过滤成分―紧包着毛细血管网（肾小球）和一个附着在上面的小管组成。

临床医学医学英语笔记+高口笔记-打印版

English for Medical Purposes哪些是好的中文句子？他是一个好的跑者。

他善于跑步。

他跑得快。

He is a good runner.中文多用动词英文多用名词温泉里洗个澡，电影院里看场电影，一天很快就过去了。

A bath in the hot spring and a film at the cinema finished the day quickly.He took a bath in the hot spring and saw a film at the cinema. In this way, he passed the day quickly.医学英、汉语表达思维差异：异物（foreign body）伤及晶状体（lens）或过多接触高温会引发白内障（cataract）形成。

Foreign body injury to the lens or their overexposure to heat will initiate cataract formation异国情调的中文He was a clever man, a pleasant companion and a careless student.他是一个聪明的男人，一个愉快的伙伴，一个粗心的学生。

他聪明，好相处，就是读书马马虎虎。

二十世纪初，跨西伯利亚铁路竣工。

为了开发这片土地，一时冲动之下，数百万人像潮水般涌来，在城镇和乡村定居。

这种情况一直延续到第一次世界大战爆发。

近年来，移民回流已成定局。

The inflow of millions of settlers to the land and town, resulting from the impulse, given to opening up of the country by the completion of the Trans-Siberian railway by the beginning of the twentieth century and which continued to the outbreak of World War I, now shows a steady reverse trend in the recent years.励志小句If you are heading in the right direction, each step, no matter how small, is getting you closer to your goal!cutting-edge technology 前沿技术，尖端技术human upper extremity人体上肢nerve reattachment神经再附着术blood vessel reanastomosis血管吻合术gen:产生、生殖genetics [dʒi'netiks] n.遗传学gen + tics︱︱生→发生学gene 基因genesis ['dʒenisis] n.起源gloss舌aglossia n.[医]无舌症a + gloss + ia︱︱︱无舌名词后缀glossitis [gl ‘saitis] n.舌炎hypoglossal [haipәu‘gl si]n.[解]舌下神经paraglossa [pærә‘gl sә] n.副舌holo:全holoblastic [ h lәu'blæstik] adj.[生]全裂的(指某些有少卵黄的卵细胞)holo + phot︱︱全光holocrine [‘h lәukrin] adj.[生理] 全浆分泌的holocrystalline [h lәu'kristәlain] adj. 全晶的hydr（o）:水hydrocehalus n. 脑积水hydro + cephal + us︱︱︱水头名词后缀hydragogue [`haidrәg g] n.利尿剂, 水泻剂adj.利尿的hydropathy [hai‘dr pә i] n.水疗法hydrophobia ['haidrәu'fәubjә] n.狂犬病, 恐水病Unit 9Para. 1low-back pain 腰背痛、成人腰痛the catalogue of life’s certainties一个人一生中有些事情是确定无疑的。

医学专业英语1-4单元术语解释、短语和课后习题答案培训资料

医学专业英语1-4单元术语解释、短语和课后习题答案Chapter 1Human Body as a WholeMedical TerminologyLearn the following combining forms, prefixes and suffixes and write the meaning of the medical term in the space provided.1. a hormone secreted from the adrenal gland2. inflammation of the adrenal gland3. pertaining to medicine4. pertaining to biology5. pertaining to chemistry6. pertaining to the blood vessel7. pertaining to cells8. pertaining to molecules9. pertaining to the medicine of the living thing10. the study of the living thing11. pertaining to the physics of the living thing12. the study of the heart13. the disease of the heart14. the record of the heart waves15. the study of the human inner secretion from glands16. pertaining to the production of hormone17. the study of inner gland secretion18. the red blood cell19. the white blood cell20. the lymph cell21. the study of cell22. the study of chemistry of cell23. the study of biology of cell25. the tumor of the embryo26. the study of the disease of the embryo27. the study of the human inner secretion from glands28. pertaining to the inside of the heart29. pertaining to the inside of the cell30. above the skin31. above the skin32. inflammation of the skin33. red blood cells34. instrument of measuring red blood cells35. to breathe out the waste gas36. to drive somebody or something out37. to spread outside38. sth that produces diseases39. the study of blood40. blood cells41. the study of tissues42. the study of tissue pathology43. therapy treatment, hence tissue treatment44. pertaining to the base45. pertaining to the toxin46. pertaining to symptoms47. the study of body’s auto protection from diseases48. protected from49. deficiency in the immune system of the body50. substance from the adrenal gland51. water from it52. the study of societies53. the study of urinary system55. lymph cells56. tumor of the lymphatic system57. the study of the lymphatic system58. the study of physical growth59. a doctor of internal medicine60. treatment by physiological methods61. the new growth ,tumor62. the study of mind63. abnormal condition of the mind64. the study of the relationship between psychology and biology65. a condition of over activity of the thyroid gland66. the condition of under activity of the thyroid gland67. the inflammation of the thyroid gland68.cutting apart the human body as a branch of medical sciences69. cut open the bone70.to cut the heart open71. pertaining to the blood vessel72. inflammation of the blood vessel73. pertaining to the lymphatic system and the blood vesselKey to the Exercises B.1.（embryo）embryology2. (process/condition) mechanism3.(heart) cardiovascular4. (color) chromatin5.(secretion) endocrinology6. (cell) cytology7.(sth. that produces or is produced) pathogen9. (the study of) psychology10. (pertaining to) regularLanguage Points:put together组成 known as 叫做 joints between bones关节to provide points of attachment for the muscles that move the body牵动骨骼肌引起各种运动hip joint髋关节 flexible有韧性的 cushioning缓冲 replaced by bone 骨化one bone moves in relation to the other两骨彼此靠近产生运动 contents物质nourishment营养物质 function发挥功能waste products废物 accumulate积聚poison the body危害生命 distributes运送needed materials有用的物质 unneeded ones废物is made up of包括 protect…against foreign invaders防止外来侵袭（See! Power Point）identical对等的 receives吸收traveled through流经 forced out压送reenter流入 directly直接地channels 管道 filters过滤larynx喉管 trachea气管two lungs左右肺 very large number of 大量的air spaces肺泡 release释放出extending 延伸到 broken down分解absorbed into吸收进 chewing咀嚼 esophagus食管Key to the Section B Passage 1 Exercises B.1. (The skeletal system consists of bones, joints and soft bones.)2. (Heart is generated when muscles are contracted, which helps keep the bodytemperature constant.)3. (The circulation of blood carries useful materials to all body cells while removing wasteones.)4. (Oxygen is inhaled and carbon dioxide is exhaled in the process of respiration.)5. (The digestion of food involves both mechanical and chemical procedures.)6. (The urinary system keeps normal levels of water and of certain chemicals in the body.)7. (The pituitary is a major gland located under the brain in the middle of the head.)8. (The brain collects and processes information and then sends instructions to all parts ofthe body to be carried out.)9. (The main function of the male reproductive system is to generate, transport and keepactive male sex cells.)10. (The largest of the body’s organs, the skin protects the inner structure of the body with acomplete layer.)Key to the Section A Passage 1 Exercises E.1.cardiovascular diseases2. function of the pituitary3. the urinary tract4. molecules5. artery6. endocrinology7. dyspnea / difficulty in respiration 8. saliva9. histology 10. blood circulation11. hematology 12. physiology13. anatomy 14. the female reproductive15. nervous cells 16. immunology17. indigestion / poor in digestion 18. voluntary muscle19. embryology 20. psychologySection B, Passage 2 Cells and TissuesLanguage PointsOrganized组（构）成 arranged in to构成 in turn are grouped into又进一步组成serves its specific有特定的 bear in mind记住 result from源于 billions亿万determind确立 fit on合在一起 by contrast相比之下 machinary机构while normally在正常情况下 function with great efficiency高效地发挥作用 are subject to易于发生 result in导致 millionth百万分之一equal等于 average一般 a speck barely visible基本上看不见的一个小点 The science that deals with cells on the smalleststructural and functional level is called molecular biology.从最小的结构及功能水平研究细胞的科学叫分子生物学。

学术英语—医学Unit 1整理

Academic English for MedicineMedical Terminology● Lead inCardiac adj. 心脏的Cardiomyopathy n. 心肌病 Cardiovascular adj. 心血管的 Cardiology n.心脏病学 Myocarditis n.心肌炎 Electrocardiogram n. 心电图Words are formed from roots, prefixes, and suffixes.Combining FormsWhen a suffix beginning with a consonant isadded to a root, a vowel (usually an o) is inserted between the root and the suffix to aid in pronunciation.Root O Suffix eg.neur + o + logy = neurology (study of the nervous system)A root with a combining vowel is often called a combining form.希腊词素连合元音希腊词素连合元音希腊词素英语医学词汇的基本特征医学词汇的多源化比如：汉语的“臀部”或“屁股”，英语词汇就有7个。

前4个词均为口语词汇或俗语，好比汉语的“屁股”；后3个词为著述所用，是书面语，好比汉语的“臀部”。

一词多义由于人类最早的医学活动与巫术、神话有关；到公元前800年至公元前300年，人类的医学活动与哲学密切相关；到公元1、2世纪，世界名医辈出，医学词汇的应用更广。

医学词汇就出现了其他的循环意义。

比如: heart3、医学词汇一词三式医学英语词汇还体现在横向关系上, 大多数关于人体解剖的医学词汇都是同一个词义,有盎格鲁-撒克孙, Medical Terminology● Exercises1.adren/o: adrenal gland(肾上腺) adrenal -al, pertaining to,hence pertaining to adrenal gland adrenaline -lin/line, substance,hence ___________________ adrenalitis -itis, inflammation,hence ___________________2. –ar: pertaining tovascular vascul/o, blood vessel.hence______________cellular ________________molecular ______________3. bi/o: lifebiomedical _______________biology -logy, the study of,hence _______________biophysical _______________4. chrom/o, chromomat: colorchromosomes -somes, bodies,hence the color body, the substance that carries genetic features from parents to children chromatin -in, substance,hence a protein substance in the nucleus ofa cell, component of chromosomes5. crin/o: secreteendocrinology ____________crinogenic gen/o+ic, pertaining to the production,hence ________________crinology ________________6. –cyte: cellerythrocyte erythr/o, red,hence _______________leukocyte leuk/o, white,hence _______________lymphocyte lymph/o, lymph(淋巴)hence ________________7. cyt/: cellcytology __________cytochemistry _________cytobiology _________8. embry/o: embryo (胚胎)embryology ________embryoma -oma, tumorhence _________embryopathologypathology, the study of disease,hence ______________9.endo-: innerendocrinology _________endocardial __________endocellular ___________ Words to be remembered in Unit 11. neuron2. ovrload3. diabetes4. hypertension5. cholesterol6. medication7. consultation8. enzyme9. osteoporosis10. pneumonia11. vaccine12. prescription13. simultaneous14. resident15. overwhelming16. prioritize17. simulate18. omniscient19. tablet20. eligibility21. criterion22. prognosis23. ward24. infectious25. hepatitis26. metabolism27. exacerbate28. relapse29. epidemiology30. intravenous31. arterial32. humanitarian33. malaria34. tuberculosis35. integral。

《临床实用医学英语》第一单元全文翻译

临床医学上册第一单元什么是常见感冒？一种鼻喉的病毒感染。

这种病很快以打喷嚏，喉咙疼痛和大量清鼻涕的症状开始。

同时还伴随有发烧和全身不适。

这些症状通常持续两到三天。

由细菌引发的继发感染可能会发生：会导致鼻窦炎，耳部感染，喉炎，扁桃体炎或者肺炎。

病因：通常由于不同的病毒引起。

感染是由于(occur from)接触到带有病毒的人群，通过呼吸或喷嚏的飞沫（moisture droplets）传播。

寒冷的天气并不会导致感冒，而体温的急剧变化可能会让身体更容易(susceptible to)受到病毒感染。

拥挤的人群有利于病毒的传播。

感染常见感冒病毒的其中一种并不会使人对其它感冒病毒病毒具有免疫力。

处方药抗生素不能在感冒起病时(onset)使用。

老年人和青少年，以及患有哮喘，慢性支气管炎或心脏病等慢性病的病人使用防御细菌感染的抗生素的话，会很快导致更严重的疾病。

抗生素并不会缩短普通感冒的病程，因为他们并不会作用于引发感冒的病毒上。

抗生素是治疗因为感冒而引发的细菌鼻窦炎，耳部感染，喉炎，扁桃体炎和肺炎。

治病机理：杀灭引发感染的细菌非处方药止痛药/退烧药阿莫西林和扑热息痛有助退热，缓解肌肉疼痛和头痛。

他们的药效只持续4到6个小时，如果体温不退的话应按时重复服用。

治病机理：12岁以下的孩童不能服用阿莫西林，只能服用退热剂。

成年人在这两种药物之间的选择可因人而异。

阿莫西林的效果可能更好，因为它既是止痛药也是退烧药，但是有严重的副作用。

充血缓解剂（减充血剂）是用来干燥鼻腔分泌物，减少鼻腔内部的水肿(swelling)，从而使鼻腔通窍。

治病机理：紧缩鼻腔内的毛细血管，从而控制分泌物，减轻鼻粘膜(membranes)的水肿。

这些药并不是常常有效。

减充血滴鼻液同样也能帮助减少鼻腔分泌物，使鼻腔通窍。

治病机理：与口服的减充血剂同理。

普通的生理盐水滴鼻液能够稀释(loosening)鼻腔内的粘液，从而帮助鼻腔通窍。

最好的选择单一成分的药物而不要服用止痛与减充血合一的药物。

医学中专英语知识点总结

医学中专英语知识点总结Medical English is a specialized field that combines the study of medicine and language, enabling medical professionals to communicate effectively in an English-speaking environment. It is important for healthcare providers to be proficient in medical English in order to provide quality care to their English-speaking patients. In this article, we will discuss some key knowledge points in medical English, including medical terminology, common medical phrases, and communication skills for healthcare professionals.1. Medical TerminologyMedical terminology is a crucial component of medical English, as it allows healthcare professionals to accurately describe and communicate about various medical conditions, treatments, and procedures. Some common medical terminology includes:- Anatomical terms: The terms used to describe the structure of the human body, such as "abdomen," "head," "lungs," etc.- Medical conditions: The names and descriptions of various diseases and health issues, such as "diabetes," "hypertension," "cancer," etc.- Medical procedures: The names and details of medical procedures, such as "injections," "surgeries," "scans," etc.- Medications: The names and uses of different medications and drugs, such as "antibiotics," "painkillers," "antidepressants," etc.It is essential for healthcare professionals to have a strong grasp of medical terminology in order to effectively communicate with their patients and colleagues.2. Common Medical PhrasesIn addition to medical terminology, there are also common medical phrases that are frequently used by healthcare professionals in their day-to-day practice. These include phrases used to:- Greet and address patients: "Good morning, Mrs. Smith. How are you feeling today?"- Explain medical procedures: "We will be performing a blood test to check your cholesterol levels."- Provide instructions to patients: "Please take this medication with food, and do not drive after taking it."- Discuss treatment options: "There are several treatment options available for your condition. Let's discuss the best approach for you."Learning and practicing these common medical phrases can help healthcare professionals establish rapport with their patients and effectively communicate important information.3. Communication Skills for Healthcare ProfessionalsEffective communication is essential for healthcare professionals to provide high-quality care to their patients. In a medical setting, communication skills are used to:- Obtain patient histories: Healthcare professionals need to ask patients about their symptoms, medical history, and lifestyle to accurately assess their health status.- Explain diagnoses and treatment plans: Clear and concise communication is important when discussing diagnoses and treatment options with patients, ensuring that they understand their condition and the recommended course of action.- Provide emotional support: Healthcare professionals need to be empathetic and supportive when dealing with patients who are experiencing physical or emotional distress.- Collaborate with colleagues: Effective communication is also essential for healthcare professionals to collaborate with their colleagues, such as discussing patient cases, sharing important information, and making treatment decisions.In order to improve their communication skills, healthcare professionals can engage in role-playing exercises, attend communication workshops, and seek feedback from their peers and supervisors.ConclusionIn conclusion, medical English is an important field of study for healthcare professionals, as it enables them to communicate effectively with their English-speaking patients and colleagues. Medical terminology, common medical phrases, and communication skills are key knowledge points in medical English, and mastering these areas can greatly improve the quality of care provided by healthcare professionals. By continuously improving their medical English skills, healthcare providers can ensure that their patients receive the best possible treatment and support.。

医学英语速记大全

hematuria (hemat/ uria) 血尿
-plegia stroke, paralysis 中风，麻痹
thermoplegia (therm/o/ plegia) 热射病，中暑
-odynia pain 痛
cardiodynia 心痛
-malacia softening 软化
osteomalacia (oste/o/ malacia) 骨软化
sarcoma (sar/oma) 肉瘤
-ism a condition, usually the result
-plasty(4)
成形术
surgical reshaping or repair 成形术
arthroplasty
关节成形术
urethasty(oste/o/plasty) 骨成形术
-pexy
a fixing or setting firmly in place by suturing 固定术
-cele hernia, herniation 突出，疝，肿
thyrocele (thyr/ o/ cele) 甲状腺肿
-scope
instrument for viewing 镜
laryngoscope bronchoscope laparoscope ophthalmoscope
喉镜支气管镜腹腔镜检眼镜
-escent(2) adolescent
-ian (2)
pediatrician
元音+tion (2) accomodation
-ious (2) infectious
-ate (2)
reticulate
-ity (2) disability

language of medicine 笔记

有关“language of medicine”的笔记有关“language of medicine”的笔记如下：1. 引言●医学语言的重要性：准确、清晰地传达医疗信息对于患者的健康至关重要。

●医学语言的复杂性：医学涉及许多专业术语和概念，需要专门的培训和知识。

2. 专业术语●解剖学：描述人体结构的专业术语，如“心”、“肝”、“肺”等。

●生理学：描述人体正常功能的学科，涉及心脏、呼吸、消化等系统的功能。

●病理学：研究疾病原因和过程的学科，涉及疾病的诊断和治疗。

3. 医学缩写●医学缩写是医学语言的重要组成部分，如“CBC”代表“全血细胞计数”，“MRI”代表“磁共振成像”。

●了解并正确使用医学缩写对于医生、护士和其他医疗专业人员来说至关重要。

4. 病历记录●病历记录是医生对患者病情的详细记录，包括患者的病史、体格检查、诊断和治疗建议等。

●病历记录应清晰、准确、详细，以便其他医生在需要时了解患者的病史和病情。

5. 诊断和治疗●医生根据病历记录、检查结果和其他信息进行诊断，并制定相应的治疗方案。

●治疗可能包括药物治疗、手术、放疗等，应根据患者的具体情况选择合适的治疗方法。

6. 医学伦理与法律●医学伦理要求医生对患者诚实、尊重，遵守医疗行业的规定和标准。

●医学法律涉及医疗行业的法律责任和义务，如医疗事故的处理、患者的权益保护等。

7. 总结●掌握医学语言对于医疗专业人员来说至关重要，它不仅有助于准确诊断和治疗患者，还能保护患者的权益和隐私。

●随着医学技术的不断进步和发展，医学语言也在不断更新和完善，医疗专业人员需要不断学习和更新自己的知识。

医学英语第一册词汇表

Unit 1 The human body（插入部分）Medical TerminologyPrefixes Meaning Examplesa-, an-not asymptomatic无症状的without anemia 贫血de-reverse defibrillator除颤剂remove from dehydration脱水ab-away from abductor外展肌abnormality异常ad-, ac-, af-, ag-toward adductor内收肌acceptor受体afferent传入的，输入的aggravate加重，加剧（病情等）ante-before antenatal产前的forward anteversion前倾post-after postpartal产后的behind postdigestive消化后的supra-above supracranial颅上的beyond supranasal鼻上的infra-below infracostal肋下的beneath infrared红外线hyper-above hypertension高血压excessive hyperglycemia高血糖beyondhypo-under hypothalamus下丘脑deficient hypothyroidism甲状腺功能减退belowepi-above epithelial上皮的over epidermis表皮uponsub-under subcutaneous皮下的beneath subhepatic肝下的intra-within intravenous静脉内的intramuscular肌内的extra-outside extracellular细胞外的extracranial颅外的endo-inside endocrine内分泌的within endocarditis心内膜炎ex-, exo-out exocrine外分泌的exotoxin外毒素inter-between intercostal肋间的interneuron中间神经元circum-around circumvascular血管周的circumrenal肾周的peri-around pericardial心包的surrounding periosteum骨膜ana-up anabolism合成代谢backward anatomy解剖学againstcata-down catabolism分解代谢under catalysis催化contra-against contraindication禁忌症opposite contraception避孕anti-against antibiotic抗生素antiviral抗病毒的；抗病毒药dys-abnormal dyspepsia消化不良difficult dyspnea呼吸困难badimpairedeu-good eugenics优生学normal eupepsia消化正常para-alongside parasympathetic副交感的near parathyroid甲状旁腺beyond paralysis瘫痪，麻痹abnormaldia-through dialysis透析throughout diagnosis诊断bi-two biceps 二头肌bilateral两侧的semi-half semipermeable半透性的semilunar半月形的meta-change metabolism 新陈代谢metastasis转移trans-across transplantation移植[术]transaminase转氨酶ultra-beyond ultrasonography超声检查法excess ultramicroscope超显微镜Unit 2 Human diseases（插入部分）Medical TerminologySuffixes Meaning Examples-a aerobia需氧菌actplacenta胎盘nominalprocesslymphocyte 淋巴细胞ending-econditionisotope同位素-is cutis皮肤prognosis预后-on neuron神经元colon结肠-um cerebrum大脑pericardium心包-us stimulus刺激物nucleus核-y biopsy活组织检查physiology生理学-ac cardiac心脏的；贲门的-aceous sebaceous皮脂的-al buccal颊的-ar muscular肌肉的adjectiva-ary biliary胆汁的pertaining tol ending-eal esophageal 食管的-ic optic 眼的；视力的-ory respiratory呼吸的-ous infectious传染性的；感染性的mucous 粘液的-cul(e),ventricular心室的；脑室的-cle corpuscle小体，细胞vesicle小水泡diminutiv-ell organelle细胞器；小器官smalle circellus小环littlesuffixes-ill(us,capillary毛细血管a, um)bacillus杆菌-ol arteriole小动脉，微动脉bronchiole细支气管-ul(e)venule小静脉，微静脉lobule小叶-esis diauresis利尿-ia abnormal or leukemia白血病diseased-iasis pathological lithiasis结石病condition-osis condition acidosis酸中毒necrosis坏死-ase enzyme lipase 脂肪酶oxidase氧化酶-ose sugar fructose果糖maltose麦芽糖-in, -ine agent insulin胰岛素epinephrine肾上腺素immunoglobulin 免疫球蛋白-itis inflammation arthritis关节炎hepatitis肝炎-oma tumor adenoma 腺瘤hematoma 血肿-oid resembling adenoid腺样的cystoid囊样的-ics name of a science genetics遗传学pediatrics儿科学-ician an expert of a physician医师，内科医师profession pediatrician儿科医师，儿科学家-ist practitioner of a dentist口腔科医师，牙医profession physiologist生理学家-ism action embolism栓塞a system of theory rheumatism风湿or practiceUnit 3 the skeletal system（插入部分）Medical TerminologyWord parts Meaning Examplesarthr(o)-joint arthritis关节炎arthroplasty关节造形术burs(o)-bursa bursitis滑液囊炎chondr(o)-cartilage chondritis软骨炎chondroma 软骨瘤chondrocyte软骨细胞coccy-coccyx sacrococcyx骶尾骨coccyg(o)-coccygectomy尾骨切除术cost(o)-rib intercostal肋间的costochondralgia肋软骨痛crani(o)-cranium craniomalacia颅骨消融craniostosis颅缝[天生]骨化ili(o)-ilium iliac髂骨的iliopelvic髂盆的myel(o)-bone marrow myeloma 骨髓瘤ossi-bone ossicle [听] 小骨ossification骨化oste(o)-bone osteitis骨炎osteoma骨瘤osteocyte骨细胞pelvi(o)-pelvis pelvic骨盆的pelvisection骨盆切开术rachi(o)-spine rachialgia脊柱痛rachianesthesia脊髓麻醉( 法 )sacr(o)-sacrum sacral 骶骨的sacrodynia骶[ 部]痛spondyl(o)-vertebra spondylopathy脊椎病cervicospondylopathy颈椎病ten(o)-tendon tendonitis腱炎tend(o)-tenorrhaphy腱缝合术tendin(o)-tendinous腱的tenalgia腱痛vertebr(o)-vertebra intervertebral椎骨间的vertebrectomy椎骨切除术malac(o)-softening osteomalacia骨消融chondromalacia软骨消融-porosis porous osteoporosis骨质松懈症-asthenia weakness myasthenia肌无力loss of neurasthenia神经衰弱strengthtroph(o)-development atrophy萎缩stimulation hypertrophy肥大maintenancemalac(o)-softening malacosteon骨消融arteriomalacia动脉消融alg(o)-pain myalgia肌痛alges(o)-arthralgia关节痛analgesia痛觉缺失Unit 4 the muscular system（插入部分）Medical TerminologyWord Parts Meaning Examplespath(o)-disease pathogenesis发病体系nephropathy肾病morph(o)-form morphology形态学shape amorphous 无形态的morphometry形态测量my(o)-muscle myocardial心肌的myotonia肌强直musculoskeletal肌骨骼的muscul(o)-musclemusculin肌球蛋白fibroma纤维瘤fibr(o)-fiberfibrin纤维蛋白fasci(o)-fascia fasciodesis筋膜固定术fasciitis筋膜炎fascioplasty筋膜成形术tenorrhaphy腱缝合术ten(o)-tendontenostosis腱骨化tend(o)-tenosynovitis腱鞘炎tendin(o)-ton(o)-tone cardiotonic强心剂 , 强心的tonofibril张力原纤维kinesi(o)-movement dyskinesia运动阻挡kinet(o)-pharmacokinetics药动学alg(o)-pain myalgia 肌痛cephalalgia头痛algesthesis痛觉neuralgia神经痛-itis inflammation dermatomyositis皮肌炎fasciitis筋膜炎my(o)-muscle myocardium心肌electromyography肌电图myonecrosis肌肉坏死polymyositis多肌炎poly-manypolyadenitis多腺炎theli(o)-skin endothelium内皮epithelial上皮subendothelial内皮下spasm(o)-spasm myospasmia 肌痉挛病bronchospasm支气管痉挛necr(o)-death osteonecrosis骨坏死necrotomy尸体解剖tri-three trimester孕期的三个月tricycle三轮车triangle三角plas-growth aplasia 不发育development dysplasia发育不良fibroplasia纤维组织形成hyperplasia增生Unit 5 the digestive systemMedical TerminologyWord Parts Meaning Examplesbucc(o)-cheek bucca 脸颊buccopulpal颊与牙髓的dent(o)-tooth labiodental唇齿的odont(o)-orthodontics正牙学periodontium牙周组织or(o)-mouth oral 口的oropharynx口咽stom(o)-mouth stomatitis口腔炎stomat(o)-stomatomycosis口霉菌病peristomatous口周的nas(o)-nose nasogastric鼻饲的nasopalatine鼻腭esophag(o)-esophagus esophagogastrostomy 食管胃切合术pharyng(o)-pharynx pharyngitis咽炎pharyngoxenosis咽喉干燥sial(o)-saliva sialorrhea流涎siaolith涎石lingu(o)-tongue sublingual舌下的linguodental舌齿的gloss(o)-tongue glossotomy舌切开术glossopharyngeal舌咽的gingiv(o)-gums gingivitis牙龈炎gingivectomy牙龈切除术gastr(o)-stomach gastroenteritis胃肠炎gastrorrhagia胃出血jejun(o)-jejunum jejunoileitis空肠回肠炎jejunorrhaphy空肠缝合术ile(o)-ileum ileocolitis回肠结肠炎ileectomy回肠切除术append(o)-appendix appendectomy 阑尾切除术appendic(o)-appendicitis阑尾炎bili-gall bilirubin胆红素bile biliation胆汁生成chole(o)-gall cholelithiasis胆结石chol(o)-bile cholestasis胆汁淤积cholecystitis胆囊炎cec(o)-cecum cecorrhaphy盲肠缝合术cecopexy盲肠固定术col(o)-colon colonoscope结肠镜colon(o)-colostomy结肠造口术duoden(o)-duodenum gastroduodenal胃十二指肠的duodenectomy 十二指肠切除术enter(o)-intestine,gastroenterologist胃肠道专家usually the enteropathy肠道疾病small intestineperitone(o)-peritoneum peritonealgia腹膜痛peritoneocentesis腹腔穿刺术peritoneography腹膜造影术pancreat(o)-pancreas pancreatic胰腺的pancreolysis胰组织破坏proct(o)-rectum protology直肠科protopexy直肠固定术rect(o)-rectum rectovesical直肠膀胱的pararectal直肠旁的an(o)-anus anoplasty肛门成形术anoscope肛门镜sigmoid(o)-sigmoid colon sigmoiditis十二指肠炎sigmoidotomy十二指肠切开术splen(o)-spleen splenomegaly脾肿大splenic脾的hepat(o)-liver hepatatrophia肝萎缩hepatomegaly 肝肿大hepatonecrosis肝坏死lapar(o)-abdomen laparocele腹疝laparoscopy腹腔镜检查abdomin(o)-abdomen abdominouterotomy 腹式子宫切开术transabdominal经腹的aliment(o)-food alimentary营养的nutrient hyperalimentation营养过分carb(o)-carbon carbohydrate 碳水化合物carbon(o)-carbonate碳酸盐pepsi(o)-digestion pepsin 胃蛋白酶dyspepsodynia消化不良性痛-rrhexis rupture hepatorrhexis肝破裂ophthalmorrhexis眼球破裂-cele hernia cecocele盲肠突出protrusion colpocele阴道疝，阴道脱垂lith(o)-stone lithodialysis溶石术，碎石术cholelithiasis胆结石-ptosis ptosis coloptosis结肠下垂proptosis前垂，突出Unit 6 the respiratory system（插入部分）Medical TerminologyWord Parts Meaning Examplesnas(o)-nose nasitis 鼻炎nasopharyngitis鼻咽炎rhin(o)-nose rhinallergosis过敏性鼻炎rhinorrhagia鼻出血pharyng(o)-pharynx pharyngitis咽炎pharyngoscopy镜检laryng(o)-larynx laryngitis喉炎laryngotracheobronchitis喉气管支气管炎tracheo-trachea tracheitis气管炎tracheolaryngotomy气管喉切开术bronch(o)-bronchus bronchitis支气管炎bronchoalveolitis支气管肺炎bronchoscopy支气管镜检查lob(o)-lobe lobitis叶炎pneum(o)-lung pneumoenteritis肺肠炎pneumon(o)-air pneumolithiasis肺石病pneumat(o)-pneumonia肺炎pneumorrhagia肺出血pulm(o)-lung pulmonitis肺炎pulmon(o)-pulmogram肺 X线照片pulmonary肺的spir(o)-breathing spirometer肺量计spiroscope呼吸量检测器pne(o)-breathing apnea 呼吸暂停bradypnea呼吸缓慢alveol(o)-alveolus alveolitis牙槽炎alveoloplasty牙槽成形术thorac(o)-chest thoracostomy 胸廓造口术thoracocentesis胸腔穿刺pleur(o)-pleura pleurectomy胸膜切除术pleuropneumonia胸膜肺炎cyan(o)-blue cyanopsia蓝视症cyanemia青血症，绀血症orth(o)-straight orthodontia正牙学orthopnea端坐呼吸ox(o)-oxygen oxide 氧化物oxi-antioxidant抗氧化物oxy-phon(o)-voice aphonia失音phonophotography 声波照相术phren(o)-diaphragm;phrenitis膈炎paraphrenitis膈周组织炎sin(o)-sinus sinobronchitis窦支气管炎perisinuitis窦周炎aer(o)-air aerobic 有氧的anaerobic无氧的；厌氧的aerobe 需氧菌allerg(o)-allergy allergen过敏原allergic过敏的sten(o)-narrowing bronchostenosis支气管狭窄rectostenosis直肠狭窄-ectasis dilatation bronchiectasia支气管扩大corectasia瞳孔扩大venectasia静脉曲张Unit 7 cardiovascular system: blood and blood circulation（插入部分）Medical TerminologyWord Parts Meaning Exampleserythr(o)-red erythrocyte红细胞cyt(o)-cell megakaryocyte 巨核细胞hepatocyte肝细胞cytopenia细胞减少hemat(o)-blood hematocrit血细胞比容hematology血液病学hematuria血尿micro-small microscope显微镜tiny microorganism 微生物microbe微生物a-/an-not anemia贫血without anucleate无细胞核的asymptomatic 无症状的hem(o)-blood hemoglobin血红蛋白hemolysis溶血hemorrhage出血leuk(o)-white leukocyte白细胞leukemia白血病endo-inner endocardium心内膜within endocrine内分泌endoscopy内窥镜检de-lack of deoxygenated脱氧的down dehydration脱水loss degeneration变性-emia blood condition leukemia白血病hypercalcemia高钙血症anemia贫血pen(o)-deficiency erythrocytopenis红细胞减少calcipenia钙缺乏，钙质减少rrhe(o)-flow hematorrhea大出血seborrhea皮脂溢antidiarrheal止泻药rrhag(o)-excessive flow cholerrhagia胆汁溢出rhinorrhagia鼻出血megalo-enlargement megalocardia心肥大splenomegaly脾脏肿大megaloblast巨成红细胞-lys(o)breakdown hemolysis溶血separation analysis解析paralysis瘫痪phil-love hemophilia血友病hydrophilia亲水性-oma tumor lymphoma 淋巴瘤carcinoma癌症fibroma纤维瘤-ose sugar glucose葡萄糖maltose麦芽糖lactose乳糖gen(o)-origination cardiogenic心源性的production antigen抗原glycogen糖原-ol(e)small venule小静脉-ul(e)arteriole小动脉lobule小叶tom(o)-cut tomography体层断层照影术bronchotomy支气管切开术gastrectomy胃切除术graph(o)-picture mammography 乳房照影术echography回波描记术Unit 8 cardiovascular system: heart and blood vessels（插入部分）Medical TerminologyWord Parts Meaning Examplescardi(o)-heart cardiology心脏病学cardiovascular心血管的tachycardia心动过速bradycardia心动过缓peri-around peripheral外周的pericardium心包膜perinatal围再生期-um structure epicardium心外膜-ium substance endocardium心内膜atrium心房my(o)-muscle myocardium心肌electromyography 肌电图myonecrosis肌肉坏死atri(o)-atrium atrioventricular房室的atrium心房atrial心房的veno-vein venous静脉的venule小静脉venogram 静脉造影arteri(o)-artery arterial动脉的arteriole小动脉arteriosclerosis动脉硬化aort(o)-aorta aortic主动脉的aortitis主动脉炎aortopathy主动脉病semi-half semilunar半月瓣semiconductor半导体micro-small microcirculation微循环tiny microscopy显微镜检multi-many multimedia多媒体multifactorial多因素的multicellular多细胞的-scler(o)-hardening atherosclerosis动脉粥样硬化arteriosclerosis动脉硬化sclerosis硬化症angi(o)-blood vessels angioplasty血管整形术angiogram血管造影angioma血管瘤dia-complete dialysis透析cross diagnosis诊断-in substance( 蛋白、素 )adrenaline肾上腺素-ine insulin胰岛素-plast(o)-surgical repair angioplasty血管成形术osteoplasty骨成形术myoplasty肌成形术。

（完整版）医学专业英语1-4单元术语解释、短语和课后习题答案

（完整版）医学专业英语1-4单元术语解释、短语和课后习题答案Chapter 1Human Body as a WholeMedical TerminologyLearn the following combining forms, prefixes and suffixes and write the meaning of the medical term in the space provided.1. a hormone secreted from the adrenal gland2. inflammation of the adrenal gland3. pertaining to medicine4. pertaining to biology5. pertaining to chemistry6. pertaining to the blood vessel7. pertaining to cells8. pertaining to molecules9. pertaining to the medicine of the living thing10. the study of the living thing11. pertaining to the physics of the living thing12. the study of the heart13. the disease of the heart14. the record of the heart waves15. the study of the human inner secretion from glands16. pertaining to the production of hormone17. the study of inner gland secretion18. the red blood cell19. the white blood cell20. the lymph cell21. the study of cell23. the study of biology of cell25. the tumor of the embryo26. the study of the disease of the embryo27. the study of the human inner secretion from glands28. pertaining to the inside of the heart29. pertaining to the inside of the cell30. above the skin31. above the skin32. inflammation of the skin33. red blood cells34. instrument of measuring red blood cells35. to breathe out the waste gas36. to drive somebody or something out37. to spread outside38. sth that produces diseases39. the study of blood40. blood cells41. the study of tissues42. the study of tissue pathology43. therapy treatment, hence tissue treatment44. pertaining to the base45. pertaining to the toxin46. pertaining to symptoms47. the study of body’s auto protection from diseases48. protected from49. deficiency in the immune system of the body50. substance from the adrenal gland51. water from it52. the study of societies55. lymph cells56. tumor of the lymphatic system57. the study of the lymphatic system58. the study of physical growth59. a doctor of internal medicine60. treatment by physiological methods61. the new growth ,tumor62. the study of mind63. abnormal condition of the mind64. the study of the relationship between psychology and biology65. a condition of over activity of the thyroid gland66. the condition of under activity of the thyroid gland67. the inflammation of the thyroid gland68.cutting apart the human body as a branch of medical sciences69. cut open the bone70.to cut the heart open71. pertaining to the blood vessel72. inflammation of the blood vessel73. pertaining to the lymphatic system and the blood vesselKey to the Exercises B.1.（embryo）embryology2.(process/condition) mechanism3.(heart) cardiovascular4.(color) chromatin5.(secretion) endocrinology6.(cell) cytology7.(sth. that produces or is produced) pathogen8.(lymph) lymphatic9.(the study of) psychology10.(pertaining to) regularLanguage Points:put together组成known as 叫做joints between bones关节to provide points of attachment for the muscles that move the body牵动骨骼肌引起各种运动hip joint髋关节flexible有韧性的cushioning缓冲replaced by bone 骨化one bone moves in relation to the other两骨彼此靠近产生运动contents物质nourishment营养物质function发挥功能waste products废物accumulate积聚poison the body危害生命distributes运送needed materials有用的物质unneeded ones废物is made up of包括protect…against foreign invaders防止外来侵袭（See! Power Point）identical对等的receives吸收traveled through流经forced out压送reenter流入directly直接地channels 管道filters过滤larynx喉管trachea气管two lungs左右肺very large number of 大量的air spaces肺泡release释放出extending 延伸到broken down分解absorbed into吸收进chewing咀嚼esophagus食管Key to the Section B Passage 1 Exercises B.1. (The skeletal system consists of bones, joints and soft bones.)2. (Heart is generated when muscles are contracted, which helps keep the bodytemperature constant.)3. (The circulation of blood carries useful materials to all bodycells while removing wasteones.)4. (Oxygen is inhaled and carbon dioxide is exhaled in the process of respiration.)5. (The digestion of food involves both mechanical and chemical procedures.)6. (The urinary system keeps normal levels of water and of certain chemicals in the body.)7. (The pituitary is a major gland located under the brain in the middle of the head.)8. (The brain collects and processes information and then sends instructions to all parts ofthe body to be carried out.)9. (The main function of the male reproductive system is to generate, transport and keepactive male sex cells.)10. (The largest of the bo dy’s organs, the skin protects the inner structure of the body with acomplete layer.)Key to the Section A Passage 1 Exercises E.1.cardiovascular diseases2. function of the pituitary3. the urinary tract4. molecules5. artery6. endocrinology7. dyspnea / difficulty in respiration 8. saliva9. histology 10. blood circulation11. hematology 12. physiology13. anatomy 14. the female reproductive15. nervous cells 16. immunology17. indigestion / poor in digestion 18. voluntary muscle19. embryology 20. psychologySection B, Passage 2 Cells and TissuesLanguage PointsOrganized组（构）成arranged in to构成in turn are grouped into又进一步组成serves its specific有特定的bear in mind记住result from源于billions亿万determind确立fit on合在一起by contrast相比之下machinary机构while normally在正常情况下function with great efficiency高效地发挥作用are subject to易于发生result in导致millionth百万分之一equal等于average一般 a speck barely visible基本上看不见的一个小点The science that deals with cells on the smalleststructural and functional level is called molecular biology.从最小的结构及功能水平研究细胞的科学叫分子生物学。