八年级英语8B Unit 3词组、句型及语法复习提纲.doc

8B Unit 3词组、句型及语法复习提纲

1. The old should be taken good care of (by us )

2.I usually use it to search for information. (=I usually use it for searching for information.)

3. Each level will take you about half an hour to finish.= It will take you about half an hour to

4.--Do me how to use this function? ---No, not at all./Certainly

三、语法：

注：☆及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词必须带有介词才可以有被动语态。

一、被动语态的结构与用法：㈠结构：be +done (过去分词)

被动语态中的be为助动词，无意义。be可能是am , is , are也可能是was ,were或原形be。

注：☆被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be后面的过去分词不变。

㈡用法：例：①Ｈistory is made by the people. (一般现在时)②Ｔhe cars were made in Tianjing in 1995. (一般过去时)

③The tree will be cut down next year.(一般将来时) ④Ｔhe room must be kept clean.（含有情态动词的被动语态）

⑤The door is being opened.（现在进行时）⑥The film has been seen by me.（现在完成时）

：

⑵动词改为变动形式be done(同时注意时态)

by后面，以指明做事的人或物，如果没有必要则省去

例：The man killed a tiger.→A tiger was killed by the man .(改的过程中要注意时态和语态两个

特殊句型的被动语态：

★★⑴含有使役动词（make /let /have）或感官动词（hear ,see, listen to ,look at ,find ,watch,feel 等）的句子，在主动语态中这些词后常跟不带to的动词不定式，但是在改成被动语态时，则一定

Mother often makes me do some housework.

→I am often made to do some housework by mother.

②We saw him run into the classroom. →He was seen to run into the classroom by us.

We saw him running into the classroom. →He was seen running into the classroom.

★⑵teach ,give ,pass ,show ,buy, tell等动词常常带有两个宾语（双宾语：直接宾语和间接宾语），

如果直接宾语被提前作主语，那么间

接宾语（一般是人）前要加相应的介词

例：①

→I was given a pen by her. →A pen was given to me by her.

②My father bought me a new bike.= My father bought a new bike for me.

→I was bought a new bike by my father. →

★⑶由不及物动词（vi）+介词/

例：①We should speak to old people politely. →Old people should be spoken to politely ( by us).

★⑷含有宾语补足语的句子改为变动语态。(宾补放在原来位置不变)

例：①We call him Xiao Ma.

主谓宾宾补→He is called Xiao Ma by us.

②He found the book very interesting. →The book was found very interesting by him.

三．没有被动语态的动词：

★1.没有被动语态的词，表示状态或特征的及物动词如cost, fit, have, suit等没有被动形式，另外，诸如happen = take place, break out(爆发)，break down(坏了) 等不及物动词或短语以及诸如

result from(缘于)，belong to, consist of等只用主动语态，而不用被动语态

★2. 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态: appear, die, disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, last, lie, remain, sit, spread(传播), stand, come true, fall asleep, ...

★★３.大多数系动词：be ,feel (摸起来)，sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，smell(闻起来) taste(尝起来)等词无被动语态，它们的主动形式表示被动意义。

例：①The skirt feels very soft. 这件裙子摸起来很柔软。

②Many changes have happened in our hometown. ③The film lasted for 3 hours. 四．其他：

★1．需要被…need /want/ require doing sth = need to be done …

★ 2. 让。。。被。。。have sth done e.g . I had my hair cut yesterday.

★ 3.I have some clothes to wash (自己洗) I have some clothes to be washed (别人替我洗)