上肢局部解剖学The upper limb

Erector spinae


Position: fills the vertebral groove on each side of the spine Action: extends vertebral column (draw head backwar)
Pectoralis major Origin: medial half of clavicle,sternum,1th-6th costal cartilages. Insertion: crest of greater tubercle of humerus. Action: flexes, adducts and rotates arm medially; arm fixed, elevates trunk; elevates ribs 1-6,aidding in forced inspiration.
筋膜
The muscles of thorax
Extrinsic muscles Pectoralis major 胸大肌 Pectoralis minor 胸小肌 Serratus anterior 前锯肌 Intrinsic muscles Intercostales externi
The Muscles of Upper Limb
Muscles of shoulder Deltoid supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Teres major subscapularis
Muscles of arm Antererior group
Deep layer (5) Supinator旋后肌 Abductor pollicis longus




拇长展肌 Extensor pollicis brevis拇 短伸肌 Extensor pollicis longus 拇长伸肌 Extensor indicis 示 指伸肌 Action: extend radiocapral joint and fingers, and supinate forearm



Biceps brachii 肱二头肌 Coracobrachialis 喙肱肌 Brachialis 肱肌

Posterior group – triceps brachii
肱三头肌
Muscles of forearm

Superficial layer



Brachioradialis 肱桡肌 Pronator teres 旋前圆肌 Flexor carpi radialis 桡侧腕屈肌 Palmaris longus 掌长肌 Flexor carpi ulnaris 尺侧腕屈肌
Biceps brachii Origin: long head, supraglenoid tubercle; short head, coracoid process Insertion: radical tuberosity Action: supinator of forearm, flexor of elbow joint, weak flexor of should joint Pronator teres Origin: medical epicondyle of humerus and deep fascia of forearm Insertion: middle of lateral surface of radius Action: pronation of forearm and flexion of elbow
The upper limb
山东大学医学院 解剖教研室 李振华
The muscles of back
Superficial group Trapezius 斜方肌 Latissimus dorsi 背阔肌 Levator scapulae 肩胛提肌 Rhomboideus菱形肌 Deep group Erector spinae 竖脊肌 Splenius 夹肌 Thoracolumbar fascia 胸腰
Arteries of upper limb
Axillary artery



Continuation of subclavian artery at lateral border of first rib Becomes brachial artery at lower border of teres major Divided into three parts by overlying pectoralis minor

Action: flex, abduct , and oppose little finger
Intermedial group Lumbricales 蚓状肌(4)－ flex fingers at MP joints; extend fingers at IP joints Palmar interossei 骨间掌 侧肌(3)－ adduct fingers towards middle finger at MP joints Dorsal interossei 骨间背侧 肌(3)－abduct fingers away from middle finger at MP joints

Second layer－
flexor digitorum superficials 指浅屈肌
Posterior group (10)

Superficial layer (5)





Extensor carpi radialis longus 桡侧腕长伸肌 Extensor carpi radialis brevis 桡侧腕短伸肌 Extensor digitorum 指 伸肌 Extensor digiti minimi 小指伸肌 Extensor carpi ulnaris 尺侧腕屈肌
Muscles of hand Lateral group－thenar 鱼际 (4)



Abductor pollicis brevis拇短展肌 Flexor pollicis brevis 拇短屈肌 Opponens pollicis 拇对掌肌 Adductor pollicis 拇收肌
Supinator



Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus and upper part of lateral border of ulna Insertion: upper third of anterior surface of radius Action: supination of forearm



First portion, above muscle－gives rise to thoracoacromial a. 胸肩峰动脉 Second portion, behind muscle－gives rise to lateral thoracic a. 胸外侧动脉 Third portion, below muscle－gives rise to subscapular a. 肩胛下动脉, anterior and posterior humeral circumflex a. 旋肱前、后动脉; the former then divides into throcodorsal a. 胸背动脉 and circumflex scapular a.


Action: flex, abduct, adduct and oppose thumb Medial group－hypothenar (3)

Abductor digiti minimi 小指展肌 Flexor digiti minimi brevis小指短屈
肌

Opponens digiti minimi小指对掌肌


肋间外肌 Intercostales interni 肋间内肌 Intercostales intimi 肋间最内肌
Major muscles of the trunk
Trapezius



Origin: superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of seventh cervical and all thoracic vertebrae Insertion: lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapulartery Acton: upper fibers elevate scapula, lower fibers depress scapula; if scapula is fixed, one side acting along, draws head toward the same side, and turn face to opposite side; both sides together, draw head directly backward
Major muscles of upper limb
Deltoid Origin: lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus Action: abducts，flexes and medically rotates, extends, and laterally rotates arm