[考研类试卷]2016年考研英语(一)真题试卷.doc
考研英语一阅读理解专项强化真题试卷12(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语一阅读理解专项强化真题试卷12(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside”alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service(NHS)as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support. A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.”It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air.”Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship. At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorising “off-plan”building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Conservative parties. The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone, with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces. The idea that “housing crisis”equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones? Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative—the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.1．Britain’s public sentiment about the countrysideA．has brought much benefit to the NHS.B．is fully backed by the royal family.C．didn’t start till the Shakespearean age.D．is not well reflected in politics.正确答案：D解析：细节推断题。
2016考研英语(一)真题
2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题（一）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text．Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on the ANSWER SHEET．(10points)1．[A]by way of[B]as well as[C]on behalf of[D]with regard to2．[A]adapt to[B]provide for[C]compete with[D]decide on3．[A]close[B]renew[C]arrange[D]postpone4．[A]In theory[B]Above all[C]In time[D]For example5．[A]Although[B]Lest[C]After[D]Unless6．[A]into[B]within[C]from[D]through7．[A]sine[B]or[C]but[D]so8．[A]test[B]copy[C]recite[D]create9．[A]folding[B]piling[C]wrapping[D]tying10．[A]lighting[B]passing[C]hiding[D]serving11.[A]meeting[B]association[C]collection[D]union12．[A]grow[B]part[C]deal[D]live13．[A]whereas[B]until[C]for[D]if14．[A]obtain[B]follow[C]challenge[D]avoid15．[A]isolated[B]persuaded[C]viewed[D]exposed16．[A]wherever[B]however[C]whenever[D]whatever17．[A]changed[B]brought[C]shaped[D]pushed18．[A]divided[B]invested[C]donated[D]withdrawn19．[A]clears[B]warms[C]shows[D]breaks20．[A]while[B]so what[C]once[D]in thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts．Answer the questions below each text by choosing A，B，C or D．Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET．(40points)Text1France，which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion，has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman．Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways．The parliament also agreed to ban websites that“incite excessive thinness”by promoting extreme dieting．Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives．They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health．That’s a start．And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death–as some have done．It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women，especially teenage girls，about the social tape–measure they must use to determine their individual worth．The bans，if fully enforced，would suggest to woman(and many men)that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty．And perhaps faintly，they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques．The French measures，however，rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing．Under the law，using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a$85，000fine and six months in prison．The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types．In Denmark，the United States，and a few other countries，it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement．In contrast to France’s actions，Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age，health，and other characteristics of models．The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states：“We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals，especially on young people．”The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen．Fashion Week，which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute．But in general it relies on a name-and –shame method of compliance．Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step．Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry．21．According to the first paragraph，what would happen in France?[A]Physical beauty would be redefined[B]New runways would be constructed[C]Websites about dieting would thrive[D]The fashion industry would decline22．The phrase“impinging on”(Line2Para2)is closest in meaning to[A]heightening the value of[B]indicating the state of[C]losing faith in[D]doing harm to23．Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?[A]The French measures have already failed[B]New standards are being set in Denmark[C]Models are no longer under peer pressure[D]Its inherent problems are getting worse24．A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A]setting a high age threshold for models[B]caring too much about models’character[C]showing little concern for health factors[D]pursuing perfect physical conditions25．Which of the following may be the best title of the text?[A]A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals[B]A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France[C]Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty[D]The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText2For the first time in the history more people live in towns than in the country．In Britain this has had a curious result．While polls show Britons rate“the countryside”alongside the royal family．Shakespeare and the National Health Service(NHS)as what makes them proudest of their country，this has limited political support．A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save“the beauty of natural places for everyone forever”．It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience“a refreshing air”．Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts．They don’t make countryside any more，and every year concrete consumes more of it．It needs constant guardianship．At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment．The Conservatives’planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation，even authorizing“off–plan”building where local people might object．The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable．Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development．The Liberal Democrats are silent Only Ukip，sensing its chance，has sides with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land．Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Consecutive parties．The sensible place to build new houses，factories and offices is where people are，in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place．The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone，with no intrusion on green belts．What is true of London is even truer of the provinces．The idea that“housing crisis”equals“concreted meadows”is pure lobby talk．The issue is not the need for more houses but，as always，where to put them．Under lobby pressure，George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal．He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets．This is not a free market but a biased one．Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow．They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character．We do not ruin urban conservation areas．Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned，not let trip，After the Netherlands，Britain is Europe’s most crowded country．Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence，while still permitting low-density urban living．There is no doubt of the alternative-the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal，Spain or Ireland．Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum．26．Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside[A]is not well reflected in politics[B]is fully backed by the royal family[C]didn’t start till the Shakespearean age[D]has brought much benefit to the NHS27．According to Paragraph2，the achievements of the National Trust are now being[A]largely overshadowed[B]properly protected[C]effectively reinforced[D]gradually destroyed28．Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph3?[A]Labour is under attack for opposing development[B]The Conservatives may abandon“off-plan”building[C]Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation[D]The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence29．The author holds that George Osbornes’s preference[A]shows his disregard for the character of rural areas[B]stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis[C]highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure[D]reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30．In the last paragraph the author shows his appreciation of[A]the size of population in Britain[B]the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain[C]the town-and-country planning in Britain[D]the political life in today’s BritainText3“There is one and only one social responsibility of business”Wrote Milton Friedman，a Nobel Prize-winning economist“That is，to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits．”But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR)policies as a waste of shareholders’s money，things may not be absolutely clear-act．New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are prosecuted for corruption．The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than$15billion a year on CSR，according to an estimate by EPG，a consulting firm．This could add value to their businesses in three ways．First，consumers may take CSR spending as a“signal”that a company’s products are of high quality．Second，customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect may to donate to the good causes it helps．And third，through a more diffuse“halo effect”whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others．Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three．A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under American’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act（FCPA）．It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations，they could be influenced only by the halo effect．The study found that，among prosecuted firms，those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties．Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm’s political influence，rather than their CSR stand，that accounted for the leniency:Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines．In all，the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits，they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR.“We estimate that either eliminating a substantiallabour-rights concern，such as child labour，or increasing corporate giving by about20%result in fines that generally are40%lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials，”says one researcher．Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR．Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect，rather than the other possible benefits，when they decide their do-gooding policies．But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law，evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment．31．The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with[A]uncertainty[B]skepticism[C]approval[D]tolerance32．According to Paragraph2，CSR helps a company by[A]guarding it against malpractices[B]protecting it from being defamed[C]winning trust from consumers．[D]raising the quality of its products33．The expression“more lenient”(line2，Para．4)is closest in meaning to[A]less controversial[B]more lasting[C]more effective[D]less severe34．When prosecutors evaluate a case，a company’s CSR record[A]comes across as reliable evidence[B]has an impact on their decision[C]increases the chance of being penalized[D]constitutes part of the investigation35．Which of the following is true of CSR according to the last paragraph?[A]The necessary amount of companies spending on it is unknown[B]Companies’financial capacity for it has been overestimated[C]Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked[D]It has brought much benefit to the banking industryText4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint．Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate．”Sometime in the future，”the paper’s publisher said back in2010．Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside，there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print．The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper–printing presses，delivery trucks–isn’t just expensive;it’sexcessive at a time when online–only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints．Readers are migrating away from print anyway．And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts，revenue from print is still declining．Overhead may be high and circulation lower，but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake，says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti．Peretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business，but only if they go about doing it the right way．“Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them，”he said，“but if you discontinue it，you’re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you．”Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway.Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming.“It was seen as blunder，”he said．The move turned out to be foresighted．And if Peretti were in charge at the Times?”I wouldn’t pick a year to end print，”he said．“I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product．”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor，the idea goes，and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in．“So if you’re overpaying for print，you could feel like you were helping，”Peretti said．“Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue．”In other words，if you’re going to make a print product，make it for the people who are already obsessed with it．Which may be what the Times is doing already．Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly$500a year–more than twice as much as a digital–only subscription．“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business，”Peretti remarked．“But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes．In those situations，it’s better to be more aggressive that less aggressive．”36．The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due to[A]the increasing online ad sales[B]the pressure from its investors[C]the complaints from its readers[D]the high cost of operation37．Peretti suggests that，in face of the present situation，the Times should[A]make strategic adjustments[B]end the print edition for good[C]seek new sources of readership[D]aim for efficient management38．It can be inferred from Paragraphs5and6that a“legacy product”[A]helps restore the glory of former times[B]is meant for the most loyal customers[C]will have the cost of printing reduced[D]expands the popularity of the paper39．Peretti believes that,in a changing world[A]traditional luxuries can stay unaffected[B]cautiousness facilitates problem-solving[C]aggressiveness better meets challenges[D]legacy businesses are becoming outdated40．which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A]Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once[B]Cherish the Newspapers Still in Your Hand[C]Keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion[D]Make Your Print Newspapers a Luxury GoodPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45)．There are two extra subheadings．Mark your answers on the ANSER SHEET．(10point)[A]Create a new image of yourself[B]Decide if the time is right[C]Have confidence in yourself[D]Understand the context[E]Work with professionals[F]Make it efficient[G]Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment，the way you present yourself has an impact．This is especially true in the first impressions．According to research from Princeton University，people assess your competence，trustworthiness，and likeability in just a tenth of a second，solely based on the way you look．The difference between today’s workplace and the“dress for success”era is that the range of options is so much broader．Norms have evolved and fragmented．In some settings，red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status;in others not so much．Plus，whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn．Chances are，your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago．Millennials，it seems，face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding．It can be confusing．So how do we navigate this?How do we know when to invest in an upgrade?And what’s the best way to pull off one than enhances our goals?Here are some tips:41_________________________As an executive coach，I’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions-when looking for a new job，stepping into a new or more public role，or changing work environments．If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut，now may be a good time．If you’re not sure，ask for honest feedback from trusted friends，colleagues and professionals．Look for cues about how others perceive you．Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK42________________________Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have．Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it?For one person，the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image．For another，it may be to be perceived as more approachable，or more modern and stylish．For someone moving from finance to advertising，maybe they want to look more“SoHo．”(It’s OK to use characterizations like that) 43________________________Look at your work environment like an anthropologist．What are the norms of your environment?What conveys status?Who are your most important audiences?How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves?The better you understand the cultural context，the more control you can have over your impact．44_______________________Section III WritingPart A51．Directions:Suppose you are a librarian in your university．Write a notice of about100words．providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library．You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET．Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice．Use Li Ming instead．Do not write the address．(10points)Part B52．Directions:Write an essay of160-200words based on the following pictures．In your essay，you should1)describe the pictures briefly2)interpret the meaning,and3)give your commentsYou should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET．(20points)Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter．Use Li Ming instead．Do not write the address．(10points)。
2016年考研英语一真题及答案
2016年考研英语一真题及答案2016年考研英语一真题及答案2016年考研英语一真题及答案是考研英语备考的重要参考资料之一。
考研英语一是考研英语科目中的一部分，对于考生来说是一个相对较难的科目。
因此，了解并熟悉往年的真题及答案对于备考考研英语一是非常有帮助的。
在2016年的考研英语一真题中，主要包括阅读理解、完形填空和翻译三个部分。
其中，阅读理解部分是考研英语一的重点和难点，需要考生具备较强的阅读理解能力和英语词汇积累。
完形填空部分则需要考生对文章的整体结构和语境进行理解，填入合适的单词或短语。
翻译部分则要求考生具备一定的翻译能力和语言表达能力。
在阅读理解部分，2016年的真题主要涉及了科技、环境、教育等方面的话题。
其中一篇文章讨论了科技对社会的影响，另一篇文章则讨论了环境问题。
这些文章都涉及到了一些专业术语和复杂的句子结构，对于考生来说是一个不小的挑战。
因此，考生在备考阶段需要多读一些相关的英文文章，提高自己的阅读理解能力和词汇积累。
在完形填空部分，2016年的真题主要涉及了人物传记和科学研究方面的内容。
这些文章都是比较长的，需要考生有一定的阅读理解能力和分析能力。
在填写答案的过程中，考生需要根据文章的上下文和语境，选择合适的单词或短语填入空白处。
因此，考生在备考阶段需要多做一些完形填空的练习题，提高自己的语言理解和运用能力。
在翻译部分，2016年的真题主要涉及了中译英和英译中两个方向的翻译。
这些翻译题目都是比较长的，需要考生具备一定的翻译能力和语言表达能力。
在翻译的过程中，考生需要准确理解原文的意思，并将其准确、流畅地翻译成另一种语言。
因此，考生在备考阶段需要多做一些翻译练习题，提高自己的翻译能力和语言表达能力。
总之，了解并熟悉2016年考研英语一真题及答案对于备考考研英语一是非常有帮助的。
通过分析真题，考生可以了解考研英语一的考点和出题规律，有针对性地进行备考。
同时，通过做真题，考生可以检验自己的英语水平和备考进展情况，及时调整备考策略。
[考研英语历年真题word]历年考研英语真题
![[考研英语历年真题word]历年考研英语真题](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/d74086bcf021dd36a32d7375a417866fb84ac036.png)
[考研英语历年真题word]历年考研英语真题历年考研英语真题篇(1):2016年考研英语作文真题范文真题：2016年考研英语一写作大作文有两副图画，第一幅是爸爸坐在电视机前打游戏，但是对书桌前的儿子说：儿子，你要好好学习。
第二幅图则是爸爸与儿子一起在书桌前学习。
下面的提示语则是：与其只提要求，不如做个榜样。
关于英语二的作文__某高校大学生旅游的目的，本次作文是一个饼状图。
关于饼状图，第一段可以先描述图表，第二段对进行图表进行剖析。
参考范文：Wise people used to say that taking actions is of utmost significance in our daily life. This is most vividly illustrated in the given picture, which shows thata father is asking his little son to study hard in the first picture, while in the second picture, the father is setting a model for the son.They happily sit together to study. Funny as the picture, the symbolic meaning is as deep asocean.Studying it further, it is easy to figure out that taking actionsto guide the childis the only way to fulfillparents’responsibility. Ourfamily, for example, hasbeen the first place to grow.The parentshaveexertedabout80% influence on the education of the kids.There is no denying that it is theparents’perseverance and taking actions that reallyguide thethe kids to succeed. Iftheynever take action to do something,the childrenwill never have areal guidetofollow.An old saying goes like this: Like father ,like son. A wise father will do his endeavor to help his kids. Kids’ability to judge right from wrong needs to be developed, so if the adults are not setting a good example, they may lead them to a wrong way.In a word, Ibelieve,As long as parents give their kids the lead by practising what they preaches, their kids will surely follow their way.They should remindthe awareness thatparents’action speaks louder than theirwords.历年考研英语真题篇(2):考研英语复习计划表时间进度：7月初-9月底：夯实基础阶段10月初-11月初：全面强化阶段11月初-12月底：巩固提高阶段元月-元月11号考试：模考冲刺阶段(核心词汇翻阅一遍)具体细则:一、夯实基础阶段习计划(7月初-9月底：夯实基础阶段)目标：攻克考研所有词汇(至少5500个考研大纲要求的单词);提高理解复杂结构的英语句子的能力;训练基本英语表达能力;为英语考试打下坚实基础。
2016年考研英语一真题及答案解析-完整版.docx
2016 年考研英语一真题完整版Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not onlyhis parents and his friends, 1 those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young mancan 2 a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3the marriage negotiations, orthe young man ’ s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in theselection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen.5 a spouse has been selected,each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, 7 by the1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting,9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride ’s and groom ’s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 .Newlyweds traditionally move in with thewife’s parents and may12 with them up to a year,13 they can build a new house nearby. Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorced persons are 15 with somedisapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, andjointly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a genderprejudice remarry 2019 up: The divorced male doesnthe woman must wait ten months.’ t have a waiting period before he can1.[A]by way of[B]on behalf of[C]as well as[D]with regard to2.[A]adapt to[B]provide for[C]compete with[D]decide on3.[A]close[B]renew[C]arrange[D]postpone4.[A]Above all[B]In theory[C]In time[D]For example5.[A]Although[B]Lest[C]After[D]Unless6.[A]into[B]within[C]from[D]through7.[A]since[B]but[C]or[D]so8.[A]copy[B]test[C]recite[D]create9.[A]folding[B]piling[C]wrapping[D]tying10.[A]passing[B]lighting[C]hiding[D]serving11.[A]meeting [B]collection[C]association[D]union12.[A]grow[B]part[C]deal[D]live13.[A]whereas[B]until[C]if[D]for14.[A]obtain[B]follow[C]challenge[D]avoid15.[A]isolated[B]persuaded[C]viewed[D]exposed16.[A]whatever[B]however[C]whenever[D]wherever17.[A]changed[B]brought[C]shaped[D]pushed18. [A]withdrawn [B]invested[C]donated[D]divided19. [A]breaks[B]warms[C]shows[D]clears20. [A]so that[B]while[C]once[D]in thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosingA,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1France,which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry haslost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminaryapproval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also a gre ed to ban websites that“ incite excessive thinness”by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined bylooks that end up impinging on health. That’ s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems togo beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death—as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenagegirls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not letothers be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look tointangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero orwasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that stillregards beauty as skin-deep—and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that doesnot meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six monthsin prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment andidealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to setvoluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure forenforcement.In contrast to France’ s actions, Denmark’ s fashion industry a gre ed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised DanishFashion Ethical Charter clearly states:“We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.” The charter’ s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen FashionWeek, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shamemethod of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21.According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A]Physical beauty would be redefined.[B]New runways would be constructed.[C]Websites about dieting would thrive.[D]The fashion industry would decline.22.The phrase“ impinging on” (Line 2,Para 2) is closest in meaning to[A]heightening the value of.[B]indicating the state of.[C]losing faith in.[D]doing harm to.23.Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?[A]The French measures have already failed.[B]New standards are being set in Denmark.[C] Model are no longer under peer pressure.[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse.24.A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A] setting a high age threshold for models.[B] caring too much about models’ character.[C]showing little concern for health factors.[D]pursuing perfect physical conditions.25.Which of the following may be the best title of the text?[A] The Gre at Threats to the Fashion Industry.[B]Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty.[C]A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France.[D] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’ s Body Ideals.Text 2For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate“ the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country,this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save“the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.” It was specifically to provide city dwellerswith spaces for leisure where they could experience“ a refreshing air.”Hill’ s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and gre en belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. TheConservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation,even authorizing“ off-plan” building where local people might object. The concept ofsustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinuelocal planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip,sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using greenland. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Consecutive parties.The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities andtowns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identifiedenough sites for half a million houses in the London are alone, with no intrusion on gre en bet. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that“ housing crisis” equals“ concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, GeorgeOsborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-townshopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns andvillages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edgesand respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’ s most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviablerural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of thealternative—the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this ratherthan promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26.Britain’ s public sentiment about the countryside[A]didn ’ t start till the Shakespearean age.[B]has brought much benefit to the NHS.[C]is fully backed by the royal family.[D]is not well reflected in politics.27.According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now be[A]gradually destroyed.[B]effectively reinforced.[C]largely overshadowed.[D]properly protected.28.Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development.[B] The Conservatives may abandon“ off-plan” building.[C]The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.[D]Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.29.The author holds that George Osborne’ s preference[A]highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.[B]shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.[C]stresses the necessity f easing the housing crisis.[D]reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.30.In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of\[A] the size of population in Britain.[B] the political life in today’ s Britain.[C]the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain.[D]the town-and-country planning in Britain.Text 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of businesses,” Wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist,“ That is,to use its resources and engage in activities designed toincrease its profit” . But even if you accept Firedman’ s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutelyclear-cut. New research suggest the CSR may create monetary value for companies-at least whenthey are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year onCSR,according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm.This could add value to their businesses inthree ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a“ signal”that a company’ s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps.And third, through a more diffuse“ halo effect,”whereby its good deeds earn it gre ater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects bec ause consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutionsunder America’ s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do notconsume a company’ s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only bythe halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSRprogrammes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that itwas firms’ political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency:Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on itsmerits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR.“ We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporategiving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for briding foreign officials,” says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman’ s statement about CSR with[A]tolerance[B]skepticism[C]uncertainty[D]approval32.According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by[A]winning trust from consumers.[B]guarding it against malpractices.[C]protecting it from being defamed.[D]raising the quality of its products.33. The expression“ more lenient” (Line 2, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to[A]more effective[B]less controversial[C]less severe[D]more lasting34.When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’ s CSR record[A]has an impact on their decision.[B]comes across as reliable evidence.[C]increases the chance of being penalized.[D]constitutes part of the investigation.35.Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?[A] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.[B] The necessary amount of companies’ spending on it is unknown.[C]Companies ’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated.[D]It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.Text 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate.“ Sometime in the future，” the paper’ s publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside，there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print.The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper-printing presses, delivery trucks—isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same setof financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad salesstill dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be amistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times should’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they goabout doing it the right way.“Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sensefor them,” he said,“ but if you discontinue it, you’ re going to have your most loyal customersreally upset with you.”Sometimes that’ s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflixdiscontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming.“It was seen as a blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? “I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,” he said.“ I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacyproduct.”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in.“ So if you’re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,” Peretti said.“ Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.” In other words, if you’ re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be whatthe Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year—more than twice as mush as a digital-only subscription.“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business, ” Peretti remarked.“But we’re going to have questions like that where we have thingswe ’ re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’ s better to be more ag gre ssive than less aggressive.”36.The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due[A]the high cost of operation.[B]the pressure from its investors.[C]the complaints from its readers.[D]the increasing online ad sales.37.Peretti suggests that, in face of the present situation, the Times should[A] seek new sources of readership.[B] end the print edition for good.[C]aim for efficient management.[D]make strategic adjustments.38.It can be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a“ legacy product”[A]helps restore the glory of former times.[B]is meant for the most loyal customers.[C]will have the cost of printing reduced.[D]expands the popularity of the paper.39.Peretti believes that, in a changing world.[A] legacy businesses are bec oming outdated.[B]cautiousness facilitates problem-solving.[C]ag gre ssiveness better meets challenges.[D]traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.40.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A]Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once[B]Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your Hand[C]Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good[D]Keep Your Newspapers Forever in FashionPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitablesubheading from the A-G for each of the numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extrasubheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)[A]Create a new image of yourself[B]Have confidence in yourself[C]Decide if the time is right[D]Understood the context[E]Work with professionals[F]Make it efficient[G]Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has animpact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University,people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and like ability in just a tenth of a second, solelybased on the way you look.The difference between today’ s workplace and the“ dress for success” era is that the range of options is so much broader, Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakersor dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present ismagnified by social-media services like decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradoxof being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It canbe confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips:41As an executive coach, I’ ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions--when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing workenvironments. If you’ re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be agood time. If you’ re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues, andprofessionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’ s no need for an upgrade and that’ s OK.42Get clear on what impact you’ re hoping to have . Are you looking to refresh your image or pivotit?For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professionalimage. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish.For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more“ SoHo.” (It’s OK to use characterizations like that.)43Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment?What convey status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect andlook up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control youcan have over your impact.44Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personalstylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J.Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber.’s not as expensive as Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. Ityou might think.45The point of a style upgrade isn’ t to bec ome more vain or to spend more time fussing over whatto wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue . Pick a standard work uniformor a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, onearticle of clothing at a time.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments intoChinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46)We don’ t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is builtinto us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone.Mentalhealth can’ t be learned, only reawakened. It is like the immune system of the body, which understress or through lack of nutrition of exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. Whenwe don’ t understand the value of mental health and we don’ t know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us, (47)Our mental health doesn’ t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of beingrestored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem—confidence in ourselves and an ability totrust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives—the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things willwork out. It’ s a from of innate or unlearned optimism. (48)Mental health allows us to view otherswith sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness of they are in pain, and withunconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solvingproblems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, orcoming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patiencefor ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on ourcar, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, inculture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will seethat it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available evenin the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend fromfoe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or theinner voice. We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50)As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.Section III WritingDirections:Write an essay of 160~200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain its intended meaning, and then3)give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2016 年全国士研究生入学一考英（一）答案解（完整版）Section I Use of English1、【答案】 B as well as【解析】根据空格所在句子的内容可以判断，"偶涉及男方的朋好友，_____女方的朋好友"然前后是并列关系，中只有B as well as表示并列关系。
2016考研英语一真题及答案完整版
2016考研英语一真题及答案完整版2016考研英语一真题及答案完整版SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, _1_ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can __2_ a likely spouse on his own andthen ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young man'sparents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in theselection. 4, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5aspouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a goodfamily.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, _ 7 _ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and _ 8 _ prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily in with the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each sprouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait tenmonths.1.[A]by way of[B]on behalf of [C]as well as[D]with regard to2.[A]adapt to [B]provide for [C]compete with [D]decide on3.[A]close [B]renew [C]arrange[D]postpone4.[A]Above all [B]In theory [C]In time[D]For example5.[A]Although [B]Lest [C]After[D]Unless6.[A]into [B]within [C]from[D]through7.[A]since [B]but [C]or[D]so8.[A]copy [B]test [C]recite[D]create9.[A]folding [B]piling[C]wrapping [D]tying10.[A]passing [B]lighting[C]hiding[D]serving11. [A]meeting [B]collection[C]association [D]union12. [A]grow [B]part [C]deal[D]live13. [A]whereas [B]until [C]if[D]for14. [A]obtain [B]follow[C]challenge [D]avoid15. [A]isolated [B]persuaded [C]viewed[D]exposed16. [A]whatever [B]however [C]whenever[D]wherever17.[A]changed[B]brought[C]shaped[D]pushed18.[A]withdrawn[B]invested[C]donated[D]divided19. [A]breaks [B]warms [C]shows [D]clears20.[A]so [B]while [C]once [D]in thatText 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runaways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness”by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death-as some havedone. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced,would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly,they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherentproblem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.”The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A]New runways would be constructed.[B]Physical beauty would be redefined.[C]Websites about dieting would thrive.[D]The fashion industry would decline.22. The phrase “impinging on”(Line2, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A]heightening the value of.[B]indicating the state of.[C]losing faith in.[D]doing harm to.23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?[A]New standards are being set in Denmark.[B]The French measures have already failed.[C]Models are no longer under peer pressure.[D]Its inherent problems are getting worse.24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A]pursuing perfect physical conditions.[B]caring too much about models’character.[C]showing little concern for health factors.[D]setting a high age threshold for models.25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?[A]A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals[B]A Dilemma for the Starving Models inFrance[C]Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty[D]The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText 2For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside”alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.”It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air.”Hill’s pressures later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside anymore, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorizing“off-plan”building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. TheLondon agents StirlingAckroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone, with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that “housing crisis”equals “concreted meadows”is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s mostcrowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative—the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26. Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside____[A]didn’tstart till the Shakespearean age.[B]has brought much benefit to the NHS.[C]is fully backed by the royal family.[D]is not well reflected in politics.27. According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now being____[A]gradually destroyed.[B]effectively reinforced.[C]largely overshadowed.[D]properly protected.28. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?[A]Labour is under attack for opposing development.[B]The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan”building.[C]The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.[D]Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.29. The author holds that George Osborne’s preference____[A]highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.[B]shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.[C]stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis.[D]reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.30. In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of____[A]the size of population in Britain.[B]the political life in today’s Britain.[C]the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain.[D]the town-and-country planning in Britain.Text 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of business,”wrote Milton Friedman,a Nobel prize-winning economist “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.”But even if you accept Fiedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste ofshareholders money,things may not be absolutely clear-cut.New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies –at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms is America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR , according to an estimate by EPG,a consulting firm ,This could add value to their businesses in three ways.First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal”that a company’s products are of high quality.Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes is helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect,”whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumerscan be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company's products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensiveCSR programmes tendedto getmore lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms' political influence, rather than their CSR stand,that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seen to influenced by a company’s record in CSR. "We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rightsconcern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials," says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least have demonstrated that whencompanies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with[A] tolerance[B] skepticism[C] uncertainty[D]approval32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company[Al winning trust from consumers.[B] guarding it against malpractices.[C] protecting it from being defamed.[D] raising the quality of its products.33.Theexpression "more lenient" (Line 2, Para.4)is closestin meaning to[Al more effective.[B] less controversial.[C] less severe.[D] more lasting.34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company's CSR record[Al has an impact on their decision.[B] comes across as reliable evidence.[C]increases the chance of being penalized.[D] constitutes part of the investigation.35. Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph ?[Al Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.[B]Thenecessaryamount of companies'spending on it is unknown.[C] Companies' financial capacityforithasbeenoverestimated.[D] Ithasbroughtmuchbenefittothebankingindustry.Text 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times cases to publish stories on newsprint .Exactly when that day will be is amatter of debate. “Sometime in the future “the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside ,there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print .The infrastructure required to make a physical newspapers -printing presses .delivery truck -isn’t just expensive ;it’s excessive at a time when online-only competition don’t have the same set financial constraints . Readers are migrating away from print away,And although print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lowe ,but rushing to eliminate its print editor would be a mistake ,says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting of the print business, only if they go about doing it the right away “Figuring out away to accelerate that transition would make sense for them “he said, “but if you discontinue it, you're going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you."Sometimes that's worth making a change anyway". Peretti gives example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. "It was seen as a blunder." he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the times? "l wouldn't pick year to end print."he said. “I would raise and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal costumer would still gel the product they favor. the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. "So if you're overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping," peretti said. "Then increase it at rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue." In other words, if you'regoing to print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year —more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription."It's a really hard thing to do and it's a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn't have a legacy business," Peretti remarked. "But we're going to have questions like that where we have things we're doing that don't make sense when the market.Change and the world changes. In those situations, it's better to be more aggressive than less aggressive."36.The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due[A]the high cost of operation.[B]the pressure form its investors.[C]the complaints form its readers[D]the increasing online ad asles.37.Peretti suggests that,in face of the present situation,the Times should[A]seek new sources of readership.[B]end the print edition for goog.[C]aim for efficitent management.[D]make strategic adiustments.38.It can inferred form Paragraphs 5 and 6 thata “legacy product”[A]helps restore the glory of former times.[B]is meant for the most loyal customers.[C]will have the cost of printing reduced.[D]expands the popularity of the paper39.Peretti believes that,in a changing world,[A]legacy businesses are becoming outdated[B]cautiousness facilitates problem-solving.[C]aggressiveness better meets challenges.[D]traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.40.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A]Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once[B]Cherish the Newspapers Still in Your Hand[C]Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good[D]Keep Your Newspapers Forever in FashionPart BDirections:Reading the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A—G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41—45)，There are two extraSubheadings,Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)[A]Create a new image of yourself[B]Have confidence in yourself[C]Decide if the time is right[D]Understand the context[E]Work with professionals[F]Mark it efficient[G]Know your goalsNo matter how formal orinformal theworkenvironment,the way you present yourself has an impact.This isespecially truein first impressions.According to researchfrom PrincetonUniversity, people assessyour competence,Trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solelybased ontheway you look.The different between today’sworkplace and the “dress for success”era is that the range of optionsis so muchbroader. Normshaveevolvedandfragmented.In some settings, red sneakers or dress T—shirts canconveystatus;inother not somuch. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social—media services like LinkedIn.Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than adecade or two lennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding.It can beconfusing.So how do we navigate this?How do we know when to invest in anupgrade?And what’s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals？Here are some tips:41.As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particularlyhelpfulduring transitions—when looking for a new job , stepping into a new or morepublic role ,or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. Ifyou’re not sure, ask forhonest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals .Look for cuesabout how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK.42Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look ore “SoHo.”(It’s OK to use characterizations like that.)43Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who areyour most important audience? How do the people you respect and look up to prevent themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.44Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse of friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.45The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time discussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to opinions. Buy all your clothes once with a stylist instead of shoppingalone, one article of clothing a time.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46) We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. Mental health can't be learned, only reawakened. It is like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don't understand the value of mental health and we don't know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; likethe sun behind a cloud. it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem —confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives —the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It's a form of innate or unlearned optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles with kindness if they are in pain and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catchinga fish, working on our car. or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice. We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.PartA52.Directions:Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words, providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use “LI Ming”instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160—200 words based on the foiiowing pictures.in your essay,you should1) describe the pictures briefly,2) interpret the meaning,and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWERSHEET.(20 points)答案：In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, as well as those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can decide on a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to arrange the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. In theory, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. After a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying into a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, but in the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and reciteprayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, tying cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and passing a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the union. Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may live with them up to a year, until they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to obtain, but not common. Divorced persons are viewed with some disapproval. Each spouse retains whatever property he or she brought into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is divided equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice shows up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry while the woman must wait ten months.21.B physical beauty22.D doing harm to23.A New Standards24.C showing little25.A A Challenge26.D is not27.A gradually destroyed28.B The Conservatives29.D reveals30.D the town31.B skeptical32.A winning33.C less severe34.A has an impact35.B The necessary36.A the high37.D make strategic38.B is meant for39.C aggressiveness40.C Make your print41.Decide if the time is right42.Know your goals43.Understand the context44.Work with professionals45.Mark it efficient46. We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone.我们不必学习如何保持健康的心理；它与生俱来，正如我们的身体知道如何让伤口痊愈，如何让骨折好转。
2016考研英语阅读真题：考研英语(一)第2篇_毙考题
2016考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（一）第2篇For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country.In Britain this has had a curious result.While polls show Britons rate the countryside alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience a refreshing air.Hill s pressures later led to the creation of national parks and green belts.They don t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it.It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment.The Conservatives planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorizing off-plan building where local people might object.The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable.Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development.The Liberal Democrats are silent.Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land.Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place.The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone, with no intrusion on green belt.What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that housing crisis equals concreted meadows is pure lobby talk.The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them.Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal.He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets.This is not a free market but a biased one.Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow.They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character.We do not ruin urban conservation areas.Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let rip.After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe s most crowded country.Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living.There is no doubt of the alternative the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland.Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.与乡村人口相比，人类历史上第一次有更多的人居住在城镇。
2016年度考研英语一真题与答案解析
2016年度考研英语一真题与答案解析2016考研英语(一)真题及参考答案2015年12月28日Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) In Cambodia the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, 1 those of the young women, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and them ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations. or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists ,and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 . Newlyweds traditionally mo ve in with the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a flew house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common .Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly –acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up .The divorced male doesn’t have a waiti ng period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait the months.1. [A] by way of [B] as well as [C] on behalf of [D] with regard to2. [A] adapt to [B] provide for [C]compete with [D] decide on3. [A] close [B] renew [C]arrange [D] postpone4. [A] In theory [B] Above all [C] In time [D] For example5. [A] Although [B] Lest [C] After [D] Unless6. [A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through7. [A] sine [B] or [C] but [D] so8. [A] test [B]copy [C]recite [D] create9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying10. [A] lighting [B] passing [C] hiding [D] serving11. [A] meeting [B] association [C] collection [D]union12. [A] grow [B] part [C] deal [D]live13. [A] whereas [B] until [C] for [D] ifdeny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen. Fashion week, which is men by the Danish Fashion Institute .But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] Physical beauty would be redefined[B] New runways would be constructed[C] Websites about dieting would thrive[D] The fashion industry would decline22. The phrase “impinging on”(Line2 Para2) is closest in meaning to[A] heightening the value of[B] indicating the state of[C] losing faith in[D] doing harm to23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry[A] The French measures have already failed[B] New standards are being set in Denmark[C] Models are no longer under peer pressure[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A] setting perfect physical conditions[B] caring too much about models’ character[C] showing little concern for health factors[D] pursuing a high age threshold for models25. Which of the following maybe the best title of the text?[A] A challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals[B] A Dilemma for the starving models in France[C] Just Another Round of struggle for beauty[D] The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText 2For the first time in the history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside”alongside the royal family. Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what make them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever”. It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air”. Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it .It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation,even authorizing “off–plan” building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent only u sensing its chance, has sides with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its campaign to protect Rural England struck terror into many local conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses factories and offices is where people are in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyed recently identified enough sites for half of million houses in the Landon area alone with no intrusion on green belts. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces. The idea that “housing crisis”equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let trip, After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowed country. Half a century of town and country planning has enable it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative-the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26. Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside[A] is not well reflected in politics[B] is fully backed by the royal family[C] didn’t start fill the Shakespearean age[D] has brought much benefit to the NHS27. According to paragraph 2，the achievements of the National Trust are now being[A] largely overshadowed[B] properly protected[C] effectively reinforced[D] gradually destroyed28. Which of the following can be offered from paragraph 3[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development[B] The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan” building[C] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation[D] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence29. The author holds that George Osbornes’s preference[A] shows his disregard for the character of rural area[B] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis[C] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30. In the last paragraph the author show his appreciation of[A] the size of population in Britain[B] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain[C] the town-and-country planning in Britain[D] the political life in today’s BritainText 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of business” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel Prize-winning economist “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.”But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders’s money, things may not be absolutely clear-act. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal”that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect may to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect”whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under American’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act（FCPA）.It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations，they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that，among prosecuted firms，those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm’s political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about20% result in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials.” says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question at howmuch businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win thema less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with[A] uncertainty[B] skepticism[C] approval[D] tolerance32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by[A] guarding it against malpractices[B] protecting it from consumers[C] winning trust from consumers.[D] raising the quality of its products33. The expression “more lenient”(line 2,Para.4)is closest in meaning to[A] less controversial[B] more lasting[C] more effective[D] less severe34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR record[A] comes across as reliable evidence[B] has an impact on their decision[C] increases the chance of being penalized[D] constitutes part of the investigation35. Which of the following is true of CSR according to the last paragraph?[A] The necessary amount of companies spending on it is unknown[B] Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated[C] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked[D] It has brought much benefit to the banking industryText 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future,” the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper―printing presses, delivery trucks ―isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business,but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,” he said, “but if you discontinue it, you’re going have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? “I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,”he said “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you’re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,”Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.”In other words, if you’re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year ― more than twice as much as a digital ― only subscription.“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,”Peretti remarked. “But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’s better to be more aggressive that less aggressive.”36. The New York Times is considering ending it’s print edition partly due to[A] the increasing online and sales[B] the pressure from its investors[C] the complaints from its readers[D] the high cost of operation37. Peretti suggests that in face of the present situation, The Times should[A] make strategic adjustments[B] end the print sedition for good[C] seek new sources of leadership[D] aim for efficient management38. It can be inferred from paragraphs 5and 6 that a “ legacy product”[A] helps restore the glory of former times[B] is meant for the most loyal customers[C] will have the cost of printing reduced[D] expands the popularity of the paper39. Peretti believes that in a changing world[A] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges[D] legacy businesses are becoming out dated40. Which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A] shift to online newspapers all at once[B] Cherish the Newspapers still in Your Hand[C] keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion[D] Make Your print Newspapers a luxury GoodPart BDirections: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numberedparagraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark youranswers on the ANSER SHEET. (10 point)[A] Create a new image of yourself[B] Decide if the time is right[C] Have confidence in yourself[D] Understand the context[E] Work with professionals[F] Make it efficient[G] Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in the first impressions. According to research from Princeton University , people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.The difference between today’s workplace and the “dress for success”era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in other not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s the best way to pull off one than enhances our goals? Here are some tips:41As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particular helpful during transitions-when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK42Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to beperceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo.” (It’s OK to use characterizations like that )43Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.44Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J. Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.45The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on theANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46) we don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy, it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened. It is like immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don’t understand the value of mental health and we don’t know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health doesn’t go anywhere, like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem –confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives-the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It’s a form of innate or unlearned optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative businessidea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves. And toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfecting ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice, we think of it simply as a health and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions: Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice ofabout 100 words. Providing the newly-enrolled internationalstudents with relevant information about the library.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures Inyour essay, you should1) describe the pictures briefly2) interpret the meaning , and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)【参考答案】：Section I1-5 BDCAC 6-10 ACCDB 11-15 DDBAC 16-20 DBACASection IIPart A21-25. ADBCA 26-30. ADCDD 31-35. ACDBA 36-40. DABCDPart B41-45. BGDEFPart C46. 我们不必一定去学习如何做到心理健康，这种能力植根于我们自身，就像我们的身体知道如何愈合伤口，如何修复断骨。
2016考研英语一真题答案详解(文字完整版)
1. [标准答案] [D]as well as[考点分析] 本题考察逻辑关系[选项分析] 因为考察逻辑关系，所以需要我们先对填空前后的原文信息做定位分析：文章身处大环境not only…..but also 之中，这是一个明显的并列关系，表示“不仅……而且……”该空与前一句“his parents and his friends”也是并列关系，表示“与他本人以及伴侣的父母朋友相关”所以答案只能是D. as well as. A. by way of 通过B. with regard to 关于C. on behalf of 代表2. [标准答案] [A] decide on[考点分析] 上下文语义[选项分析] 根据该句的主语a young man 与宾语a likely spouse 的关系，答案只能是A. decide on 决定。
表示自己决定自己的对象。
B. provide for 为……提供准备C. compete with 与……竞争D. adapt to 适用3. [标准答案] [B]arrange[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词辨析[选项分析] 该句意思为，他可以自己选择自己中意的伴侣并让父母_____相关事务。
四个选项中，A.close 关闭C renew 更新；恢复D postpone“推迟”，语义不正确，只有B arrange 安排是符合语境。
4. [标准答案] [A]In theory[考点分析] 上下文语义[选项分析]逻辑判断题。
主要是看前后两句的含义，前面是说“他可以自己选择自己中意的伴侣并让父母安排相关事务，或者几乎不参与，完全让父母选择自己的对象。
”空格后面说“女方可以拒绝她父母所选择的对象。
”这两句之间没有举例说明的关系，且有一个may，更证明A. In theory 的正确性。
而其他选项B. Above all 最重要的是，C. In time 准时D. For example 举例，均不符合题意。
2016考研英语一真题及答案(word版)
2016考研英语一真题&答案【完整版】新东方在线SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, _1_ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can __2_ a likely spouse on his own andthen ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young man'sparents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in theselection. 4, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5aspouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, _ 7 _ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and _ 8 _ prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily in with the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each sprouse retains 16 property he or she 17into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait ten months.1.[A]by way of[B]on behalf of [C]as well as [D]with regard to2.[A]adapt to [B]provide for [C]compete with [D]decide on3.[A]close [B]renew [C]arrange [D]postpone4.[A]Above all [B]In theory [C]In time [D]For example5.[A]Although [B]Lest [C]After [D]Unless6.[A]into [B]within [C]from [D]through7.[A]since [B]but [C]or [D]so8.[A]copy [B]test [C]recite [D]create9.[A]folding [B]piling [C]wrapping [D]tying10.[A]passing [B]lighting[C]hiding [D]serving11. [A]meeting [B]collection [C]association [D]union12. [A]grow [B]part [C]deal [D]live13. [A]whereas [B]until [C]if [D]for14. [A]obtain [B]follow [C]challenge [D]avoid15. [A]isolated [B]persuaded [C]viewed [D]exposed16. [A]whatever [B]however [C]whenever [D]wherever17.[A]changed[B]brought [C]shaped[D]pushed18.[A]withdrawn[B]invested[C]donated[D]divided19. [A]breaks [B]warms [C]shows [D]clears20.[A]so [B]while [C]once [D]in thatText 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runaways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness”by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death-as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced,would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly,they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law,using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.”The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A]New runways would be constructed.[B]Physical beauty would be redefined.[C]Websites about dieting would thrive.[D]The fashion industry would decline.22. The phrase “impinging on”(Line2, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A]heightening the value of.[B]indicating the state of.[C]losing faith in.[D]doing harm to.23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?[A]New standards are being set in Denmark.[B]The French measures have already failed.[C]Models are no longer under peer pressure.[D]Its inherent problems are getting worse.24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A]pursuing perfect physical conditions.[B]caring too much about models’character.[C]showing little concern for health factors.[D]setting a high age threshold for models.25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?[A]A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals[B]A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France[C]Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty[D]The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText 2For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside”alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.”It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air.”Hill’s pressures later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorizing“off-plan”building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, hassided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents StirlingAckroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone, with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that “housing crisis”equals “concreted meadows”is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones? Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative—the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26. Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside____[A]didn’tstart till the Shakespearean age.[B]has brought much benefit to the NHS.[C]is fully backed by the royal family.[D]is not well reflected in politics.27. According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now being____[A]gradually destroyed.[B]effectively reinforced.[C]largely overshadowed.[D]properly protected.28. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?[A]Labour is under attack for opposing development.[B]The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan”building.[C]The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.[D]Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.29. The author holds that George Osborne’s preference____[A]highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.[B]shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.[C]stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis.[D]reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.30. In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of____[A]the size of population in Britain.[B]the political life in today’s Britain.[C]the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain.[D]the town-and-country planning in Britain.Text 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of business,”wrote Milton Friedman,a Nobel prize-winning economist “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.”But even if you accept Fiedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders money,things may not be absolutely clear-cut.New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies –at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms is America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR , according to an estimate by EPG,a consulting firm ,This could add value to their businesses in three ways.First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal”that a company’s products are of high quality.Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes is helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect,”whereby its gooddeeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company's products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensiveCSR programmes tendedto getmore lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms' political influence, rather than their CSR stand,that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seen to influenced by a company’s record in CSR. "We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials," says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least have demonstrated that whencompanies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can winthem a less costly punishment.31.The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with[A] tolerance[B] skepticism[C] uncertainty[D]approval32.According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company[Al winning trust from consumers.[B] guarding it against malpractices.[C] protecting it from being defamed.[D] raising the quality of its products.33.Theexpression "more lenient" (Line 2, Para. 4)is closestin meaning to [Al more effective.[B] less controversial.[C] less severe.[D] more lasting.34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company's CSR record[Al has an impact on their decision.[B] comes across as reliable evidence.[C]increases the chance of being penalized.[D] constitutes part of the investigation.35. Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph ?[Al Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.[B]Thenecessaryamount of companies'spending on it is unknown.[C] Companies' financial capacityforithasbeenoverestimated.[D] Ithasbroughtmuchbenefittothebankingindustry.Text 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times cases to publish stories on newsprint .Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future “the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside ,there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print .The infrastructure required to make a physical newspapers -printing presses .delivery truck -isn’t just expensive ;it’s excessive at a time when online-only competition don’t have the same set financial constraints . Readers are migrating away from print away,And although print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lowe ,but rushing to eliminate its print editor would be a mistake ,says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting of the print business, only if they go about doing it the right away “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them “he said, “but if you discontinue it, you're going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you."Sometimes that's worth making a change anyway". Peretti gives example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. "It was seen as a blunder." he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the times? "l wouldn't pick year to end print."he said. “I would raise and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal costumer would still gel the product they favor. the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. "So if you're overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping," peretti said. "Then increase it at rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue." In other words, if you're going to print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year —more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription."It's a really hard thing to do and it's a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn't have a legacy business," Peretti remarked. "But we're going to have questions like that where we have things we're doing that don't make sense when the market.Change and the world changes. In those situations, it's better to be more aggressive than less aggressive."36.The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due[A]the high cost of operation.[B]the pressure form its investors.[C]the complaints form its readers[D]the increasing online ad asles.37.Peretti suggests that,in face of the present situation,the Times should[A]seek new sources of readership.[B]end the print edition for goog.[C]aim for efficitent management.[D]make strategic adiustments.38.It can inferred form Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a “legacy product”[A]helps restore the glory of former times.[B]is meant for the most loyal customers.[C]will have the cost of printing reduced.[D]expands the popularity of the paper39.Peretti believes that,in a changing world,[A]legacy businesses are becoming outdated[B]cautiousness facilitates problem-solving.[C]aggressiveness better meets challenges.[D]traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.40.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A]Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once[B]Cherish the Newspapers Still in Your Hand[C]Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good[D]Keep Your Newspapers Forever in FashionPart BDirections:Reading the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A—G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41—45)，There are two extraSubheadings,Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)[A]Create a new image of yourself[B]Have confidence in yourself[C]Decide if the time is right[D]Understand the context[E]Work with professionals[F]Mark it efficient[G]Know your goalsNo matter how formal orinformal theworkenvironment,the way you present yourself has an impact.This isespecially truein first impressions.According to researchfrom PrincetonUniversity, people assessyour competence,Trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solelybased ontheway you look.The different between today’sworkplace and the “dress for success”era is that the range of optionsis so muchbroader. Normshaveevolvedandfragmented.In some settings, red sneakers or dress T—shirts can conveystatus;inother not somuch. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social—media services likeLinkedIn.Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than adecade or two lennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding.It can beconfusing.So how do we navigate this?How do we know when to invest in anupgrade?And what’s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals？Here are some tips:As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particularlyhelpfulduring transitions—when looking for a new job , stepping into a new or morepublic role ,or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask forhonest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals .Look for cuesabout how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK.Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as moreapproachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look ore “SoHo.”(It’s OK to use characterizations like that.)Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audience? How do the people you respect and look up to prevent themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse of friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time discussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to opinions. Buy all your clothes once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing a time.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46) We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. Mental health can't be learned, only reawakened. It is like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don't understand the value of mental health and we don't know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud. it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem —confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives —the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It's a form of innate or unlearned optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles with kindness if they are in pain and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solvingproblems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car. or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice. We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.PartA52.Directions:Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words, providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use “LI Ming”instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160—200 words based on the foiiowing pictures.in your essay,you should1)d escribe the pictures briefly,2)i nterpret the meaning,and3)g ive your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)答案：In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, as well as those of the youngwoman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can decide on a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to arrange the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. In theory, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. After a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying into a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, but in the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and recite prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, tying cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and passing a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the union. Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may live with them up to a year, until they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to obtain, but not common. Divorced persons are viewed with some disapproval. Each spouse retains whatever property he or she brought into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is divided equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice shows up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry while the woman must wait ten months.21.B physical beauty22.D doing harm to23.A New Standards24.C showing little25.A A Challenge26.D is not27.A gradually destroyed28.B The Conservatives29.D reveals30.D the town31.B skeptical32.A winning33.C less severe34.A has an impact35.B The necessary36.A the high37.D make strategic38.B is meant for39.C aggressiveness40.C Make your print41.Decide if the time is right42.Know your goals43.Understand the context44.Work with professionals45.Mark it efficient46. We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone.我们不必学习如何保持健康的心理；它与生俱来，正如我们的身体知道如何让伤口痊愈，如何让骨折好转。
2016年考研英语一真题与答案解析完整版
2016 年考研英语一真题完整版Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not onlyhis parents and his friends, 1 those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young mancan 2 a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, orthe young man ’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in theselection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen.5 a spouse has been selected,each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, 7 by the1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermonand 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride ’s and groom ’s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 .Newlyweds traditionally move in with thewife ’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a new house nearby. Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorced persons are 15 with somedisapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, andjointly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a genderprejudice 19 up: The divorced male doesn ’t have a waiting period before he canremarry 20 the woman must wait ten months.1.[A]by way of [B]on behalf of [C]as well as [D]with regard to2. [A]adapt to [B]provide for [C]compete with [D]decide on3. [A]close [B]renew [C]arrange [D]postpone4. [A]Above all [B]In theory [C]In time [D]For example5. [A]Although [B]Lest [C]After [D]Unless6. [A]into [B]within [C]from [D]through7. [A]since [B]but [C]or [D]so8. [A]copy [B]test [C]recite [D]create9. [A]folding [B]piling [C]wrapping [D]tying10. [A]passing [B]lighting [C]hiding [D]serving11. [A]meeting [B]collection [C]association [D]union12. [A]grow [B]part [C]deal [D]live13. [A]whereas [B]until [C]if [D]for14. [A]obtain [B]follow [C]challenge [D]avoid15. [A]isolated [B]persuaded [C]viewed [D]exposed16. [A]whatever [B]however [C]whenever [D]wherever17. [A]changed [B]brought [C]shaped [D]pushed18. [A]withdrawn [B]invested [C]donated [D]divided19. [A]breaks [B]warms [C]shows [D]clears20. [A]so that [B]while [C]once [D]in thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosingA,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1France,which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry haslost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminaryapproval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also a gre ed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness ”by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined bylooks that end up impinging on health. That ’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems togo beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death —as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenagegirls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not letothers be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look tointangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero orwasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that stillregards beauty as skin-deep —and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that doesnot meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six monthsin prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment andidealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to setvoluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure forenforcement.In contrast to France ’s actions, Denmark ’s fashion industry a gre ed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised DanishFashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. ”The charter ’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen FashionWeek, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shamemethod of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21.According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] Physical beauty would be redefined.[B] New runways would be constructed.[C] Websites about dieting would thrive.[D] The fashion industry would decline.22.The phrase “impinging on ”(Line 2,Para 2) is closest in meaning to[A] heightening the value of.[B] indicating the state of.[C] losing faith in.[D] doing harm to.23.Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?[A] The French measures have already failed.[B] New standards are being set in Denmark.[C] Model are no longer under peer pressure.[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse.24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A] setting a high age threshold for models.[B] caring too much about models ’character.[C] showing little concern for health factors.[D] pursuing perfect physical conditions.25.Which of the following may be the best title of the text?[A] The Gre at Threats to the Fashion Industry.[B] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty.[C] A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France.[D] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry ’s Body Ideals.Text 2For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside ”alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country,this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save“the beauty of natural places for everyone forever. ”It was specifically to provide city dwellerswith spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air. ”Hill ’s pressure later ledto the creation of national parks and gre en belts. They don ’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. TheConservatives ’planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation,even authorizing “off-plan ”building where local people might object. The concept ofsustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinuelocal planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip,sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using greenland. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Consecutive parties.The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities andtowns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identifiedenough sites for half a million houses in the London are alone, with no intrusion on gre en bet. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that “housing crisis ”equals “concreted meadows ”is pure lobby talk. The issue is notthe need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, GeorgeOsborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-townshopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns andvillages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edgesand respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe ’s most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviablerural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of thealternative —the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this ratherthan promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26.Britain ’s public sentiment about the countryside[A] didn ’t start till the Shakespearean age.[B] has brought much benefit to the NHS.[C] is fully backed by the royal family.[D] is not well reflected in politics.27.According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now be[A] gradually destroyed.[B] effectively reinforced.[C] largely overshadowed.[D] properly protected.28.Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development.[B] The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan ”building.[C] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.[D] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.29.The author holds that George Osborne ’s preference[A] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.[B] shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.[C] stresses the necessity f easing the housing crisis.[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.30.In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of\[A] the size of population in Britain.[B] the political life in today ’s Britain.[C] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain.[D] the town-and-country planning in Britain.Text 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of businesses, ”Wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “That is,to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profit ”. But even if you accept Firedman ’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as waste of shareholders ’money, things may not be absolutelyclear-cut. New research suggest the CSR may create monetary value for companies-at least whenthey are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year onCSR,according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm.This could add value to their businesses inthree ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal ”that a company ’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company ’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps.And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect, ”whereby its good deeds earn it gre ater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects bec ause consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutionsunder America ’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do notconsume a company ’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only bythe halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSRprogrammes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that itwas firms ’political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency:Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on itsmerits, they do seem to be influenced by a company ’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporategiving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for briding foreign officials, ”says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman ’s statement about CSR with[A] tolerance[B] skepticism[C] uncertainty[D] approval32.According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by[A] winning trust from consumers.[B] guarding it against malpractices.[C] protecting it from being defamed.[D] raising the quality of its products.33. The expression “more lenient ”(Line 2, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to[A] more effective[B] less controversial[C] less severe[D] more lasting34.When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company ’s CSR record[A] has an impact on their decision.[B] comes across as reliable evidence.[C] increases the chance of being penalized.[D] constitutes part of the investigation.35.Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?[A] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.[B] The necessary amount of companies ’spending on it is unknown.[C] Companies ’financial capacity for it has been overestimated.[D] It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.Text 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future ，”the paper ’s publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside ，there ’s plenty of incentive to ditch print.The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper-printing presses, delivery trucks —isn ’t just expensive; it ’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don ’t have the same setof financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad salesstill dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be amistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times should ’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they goabout doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sensefor them, ”he said, “but if you discontinue it, you ’re going to have your most loyal customersreally upset with you. ”Sometimes that ’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflixdiscontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as a blunder, ”he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? “I wouldn ’t pick a year to end print, ”he said. “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacyproduct. ”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they ’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you ’re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping, ”Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue. ”In other words, if you ’re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be whatthe Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year—more than twice as mush as a digital-only subscription.“It ’s a really hard thing to do and it ’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn ’t have a legacy business, ”Peretti remarked. “But we ’r e going to have questions like that where we have thingswe ’re doing that don ’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it ’s better to be more ag gre ssive than less aggressive. ”36.The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due[A] the high cost of operation.[B] the pressure from its investors.[C] the complaints from its readers.[D] the increasing online ad sales.37. Peretti suggests that, in face of the present situation, the Times should[A] seek new sources of readership.[B] end the print edition for good.[C] aim for efficient management.[D] make strategic adjustments.38.It can be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a “legacy product ”[A] helps restore the glory of former times.[B] is meant for the most loyal customers.[C] will have the cost of printing reduced.[D] expands the popularity of the paper.39.Peretti believes that, in a changing world.[A] legacy businesses are bec oming outdated.[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving.[C] ag gre ssiveness better meets challenges.[D] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.40.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A] Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once[B] Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your Hand[C] Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good[D] Keep Your Newspapers Forever in FashionPart BDirections: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the A-G for each of the numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)[A] Create a new image of yourself[B] Have confidence in yourself[C] Decide if the time is right[D] Understood the context[E] Work with professionals[F] Make it efficient[G] Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has animpact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University,people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and like ability in just a tenth of a second, solelybased on the way you look.The difference between today ’s workplace and the “dress for success ”era is that the range of options is so much broader, Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakersor dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present ismagnified by social-media services like decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradoxof being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It canbe confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what ’s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips:41As an executive coach, I ’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions--when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing workenvironments. If you ’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be agood time. If you ’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues, and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there ’s no need for an upgrade and that ’s OK.42Get clear on what impact you ’re hoping to have . Are you looking to refresh your image or pivotit?For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professionalimage. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish.For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo. ”(It ’s OK to use characterizations like that.)43Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What convey status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the peopleyou respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context,the more control you can have over your impact.44Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personalstylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J.Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber.Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It ’s not as expensive as you might think.45The point of a style upgrade isn ’t to bec ome more vain or to spend more time fussing over whatto wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue . Pick a standard work uniformor a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, onearticle of clothing at a time.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments intoChinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46)We don ’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is builtinto us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone.Mentalhealth can ’t be learned, only reawakened. It is like the immune system of the body, which understress or through lack of nutrition of exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. Whenwe don ’t understand the value of mental health and we don ’t know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us, (47)Our mental health doesn ’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of beingrestored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem —confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives —the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things willwork out. It ’s a from of innate or unlearned optimism. (48)Mental health allows us to view otherswith sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness of they are in pain, and withunconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solvingproblems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, orcoming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patiencefor ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on ourcar, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, inculture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will seethat it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available evenin the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend fromfoe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or theinner voice. We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50)As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.Section III WritingDirections:Write an essay of 160~200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2016 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题答案详解（完整版）Section I Use of English1、【答案】 B as well as【解析】根据空格所在句子的内容可以判断，"择偶涉及男方的亲朋好友，_____ 女方的亲朋好友"显然前后是并列关系，选项中只有 B 选项as well as 表示并列关系。
2016考研英语一试题及答案完整版
2016考研英语一试题及答案完整版Text 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. ”Sometime in the future,” the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper –printing presses, delivery trucks – i sn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online –only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,” he said, “but if you discontinue it, you’re going have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”Sometimes that’s worth maki ng a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? ”I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,” hesaid “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they belie ve in. “So if you’re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,” Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.” In other words, if you’re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year – more than twice as much as a digital – only subion.“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,” Peretti remarked. “But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situation s, it’s better to be more aggressive that less aggressive.”36. The New York Times is considering ending it’s print edition partly due to[A] the increasing online and sales[B] the pressure from its investors[C] the complaints from its readers[D] the high cost of operation37. Peretti suggests that in face of the present situation, The Times should[A] make strategic adjustments[B] end the print sedition for good[C] seek new sources of leadership[D] aim for efficient management38. It can be inferred from paragraphs 5and 6 that a ” legacy product”[A] helps restore the glory of former times[B] is meant for the most loyal customers[C] will have the cost of printing reduced[D] expands the popularity of the paper39. Peretti believes that in a changing world[A] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges[D] legacy businesses are becoming out dated40. which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A] shift to online newspapers all at once[B] Cherish the Newspapers still in Your Hand[C] keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion[D] Make Your print Newspapers a luxury GoodPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSER SHEET. (10 point)[A] Create a new image of yourself[B] Decide if the time is right[C] Have confidence in yourself[D]Understand the context[E]Work with professionals[F]Make it efficient[G]Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in the first impressions. According to research from Princeton University , people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.The difference between today’s workplace and the “dress for success” era is th at the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in other not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s the best way to pull off one than enhances our goals? Here are some tips:41_________________________As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particular helpful during transitions-when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK 42________________________Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Are youlooking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look mor e “SoHo.” (It’s OK to use characterizations like that )43 ________________________Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.44 _______________________Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J. Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.45 ________________________The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should bewritten neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46) we don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy, it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend, a broken bone. Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened. It is like immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don’t understand the value of mental health and we don’t know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health doesn’t go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem –confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives-the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It’s a form of innate or unlearned optimism.(48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are.Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves. And toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives,it is perfecting ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice, we think of it simply as a health and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.Section III WritingPart A51.Directions:Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words. Providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do notsign your own name at the end of the notice. Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)。
2016考研英语一真题原文及答案(完整文字版)解析
2016考研英语一真题原文及答案（完整文字版）解析紧张的2016英语初试结束了，凯程教育的电话瞬间变成了热线，同学们兴奋地汇报自己的答题情况，几乎所有内容都在凯程考研集训营系统训练过，英语专业课难度与往年相当，答题的时候非常顺手，英语题型今年是选择题，阅读题、作文题，相信凯程的学员们对此非常熟悉，预祝亲爱的同学们复试顺利。
英语分笔试、面试，如果没有准备，或者准备不充分，很容易被挂掉。
如果需要复试的帮助，同学们可以联系凯程老师辅导。
下面凯程英语老师把英语的真题全面展示给大家，供大家估分使用，以及2017年考英语的同学使用，本试题凯程首发，转载注明出处。
2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）真题及答案（完整版）（注：以下选项标红加粗为正确答案）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In Cambodia the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends,１those of the young women, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and them ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations. or the young man's parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride's and groom's wrists ,and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 .Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife's parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a flew house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 ,but not common .Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly -acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice19 up .The divorced male doesn't have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait the months.1. [A] by way of [B] as well as [C] on behalf of [D] with regard to2. [A] adapt to [B] provide for [C]compete with [D] decide on3. [A] close [B] renew [C]arrange [D] postpone4. [A] In theory [B] Above all [C] In time [D] For example5. [A] Although [B] Lest [C] After [D] Unless6. [A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through7. [A] sine [B] or [C] but [D] so8. [A] test [B]copy [C]recite [D] create9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying10. [A] lighting [B] passing [C] hiding [D] serving11. [A] meeting [B] association [C] collection [D]union12. [A] grow [B] part [C] deal [D]live13. [A] whereas [B] until [C] for [D] if14. [A] obtain [B] follow [C] challenge [D]avoid15. [A] isolated [B] persuaded [C] viewed [D] exposed16. [A]wherever [B] however [C] whenever [D]whatever17. [A] changed [B] brought [C] shaped [D] pushed18.[A] divided [B] invested [C] donated [D] withdrawn19. [A]clears [B] warms [C] shows [D] breaks20. [A]while [B] so what [C]once [D] in thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that" incite excessive thinness" by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That's a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starring themselves tohealth -as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape -measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced ,would suggest to woman (and many men )that they should not let others be orbiters of their beauty .And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques .The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France's actions, Denmark's fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models .The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. The charter's main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen. Fashion week, which is men by the Danish Fashion Institute .But in general it relies on a name-and -shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] Physical beauty would be redefined[B] New runways would be constructed[C] Websites about dieting would thrive[D] The fashion industry would decline22. The phrase "impinging on"(Line2 Para2) is closest in meaning to[A] heightening the value of[B] indicating the state of[C] losing faith in[D] doing harm to23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry[A] The French measures have already failed[B] New standards are being set in Denmark[C] Models are no longer under peer pressure[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A] setting perfect physical conditions[B] caring too much about models' character[C] showing little concern for health factors[D] pursuing a high age threshold for models25. Which of the following maybe the best title of the text?[A] A challenge to the Fashion Industry's Body Ideals[B] A Dilemma for the starving models in France[C] Just Another Round of struggle for beauty[D] The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText 2For the first time in the history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate "the countryside" alongside the royal family. Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what make them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save "the beauty of natural places for everyone forever". It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience "a refreshing air". Hill's pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don't make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it .It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives' planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation,even authorizing "off-plan" building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent only u sensing its chance, has sides with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its campaign to protect Rural England struck terror into many local conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses factories and offices is where people are in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyed recently identified enough sites for half of million houses in the Landon area alone with no intrusion on green belts. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces. The ideathat "housing crisis" equals "concreted meadows" is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let trip, After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe's most crowed country. Half a century of town and country planning has enable it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative-the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26. Britain's public sentiment about the countryside[A] is not well reflected in politics[B] is fully backed by the royal family[C] didn't start fill the Shakespearean age[D] has brought much benefit to the NHS27. According to paragraph 2，the achievements of the National Trust are now being[A] largely overshadowed[B] properly protected[C] effectively reinforced[D] gradually destroyed28. Which of the following can be offered from paragraph 3[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development[B] The Conservatives may abandon "off-plan" building[C] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation[D] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence29. The author holds that George Osbornes's preference[A] shows his disregard for the character of rural area[B] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis[C] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30. In the last paragraph the author show his appreciation of[A] the size of population in Britain[B] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain[C] the town-and-country planning in Britain[D] the political life in today's BritainText 3"There is one and only one social responsibility of business" wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel Prize-winning economist "That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits." But even if you accept Friedman's premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders's money, things may not be absolutely clear-act. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a "signal" that a company's products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company's products as an indirect may to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse "halo effect" whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under American's Foreign Corrupt Practices Act（FCPA）.It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company's products as part of their investigations，they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that，among prosecuted firms，those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm's political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company's record in CSR. "We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about20% result in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials." says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question at how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman's statement about CSR with[A]uncertainty[B]skepticism[C]approval[D]tolerance32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by[A]guarding it against malpractices[B]protecting it from consumers[C]winning trust from consumers.[D]raising the quality of its products33. The expression "more lenient"(line 2,Para.4)is closest in meaning to[A]less controversial[B]more lasting[C]more effective[D]less severe34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company's CSR record[A]comes across as reliable evidence[B]has an impact on their decision[C]increases the chance of being penalized[D]constitutes part of the investigation35. Which of the following is true of CSR according to the last paragraph?[A] The necessary amount of companies spending on it is unknown[B] Companies' financial capacity for it has been overestimated[C] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked[D]It has brought much benefit to the banking industryText 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. "Sometime in the future," the paper's publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there's plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper - printing presses, delivery trucks - isn't just expensive; it's excessive at a time when online - only competitors don't have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. "Figuring out a way to accelerate that transitionwould make sense for them," he said, "but if you discontinue it, you're going have your most loyal customers really upset with you."Sometimes that's worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. "It was seen as blunder," he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? "I wouldn't pick a year to end print," he said "I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product."The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they'd feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. "So if you're overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping," Peretti said. "Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue." In other words, if you're going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year - more than twice as much as a digital - only subscription."It's a really hard thing to do and it's a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn't have a legacy business," Peretti remarked. "But we're going to have questions like that where we have things we're doing that don't make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it's better to be more aggressive that less aggressive."36. The New York Times is considering ending it's print edition partly due to[A] the increasing online and sales[B] the pressure from its investors[C] the complaints from its readers[D] the high cost of operation37. Peretti suggests that in face of the present situation, The Times should[A] make strategic adjustments[B] end the print sedition for good[C] seek new sources of leadership[D] aim for efficient management38. It can be inferred from paragraphs 5and 6 that a " legacy product"[A] helps restore the glory of former times[B] is meant for the most loyal customers[C] will have the cost of printing reduced[D] expands the popularity of the paper39. Peretti believes that in a changing world[A] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges[D] legacy businesses are becoming out dated40. which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A] shift to online newspapers all at once[B] Cherish the Newspapers still in Your Hand[C] keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion[D] Make Your print Newspapers a luxury GoodPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSER SHEET. (10 point)[A] Create a new image of yourself[B] Decide if the time is right[C] Have confidence in yourself[D]Understand the context[E]Work with professionals[F]Make it efficient[G]Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in the first impressions. According to research from Princeton University , people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.The difference between today's workplace and the "dress for success" era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in other not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what's the best way to pull off one than enhances our goals? Here are some tips: 41___[B] Decide if the time is rightAs an executive coach, I've seen image upgrades be particular helpful during transitions-when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you're in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you're not sure, ask for honest feedback from trustedfriends, colleagues and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there's no need for an upgrade and that's OK42_____[G]Know your goalsGet clear on what impact you're hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more "SoHo." (It's OK to use characterizations like that )43 ____[D]Understand the contextLook at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.44 _____[E]Work with professionalsEnlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J. Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It's not as expensive as you might think.45 ______[F]Make it efficientThe point of a style upgrade isn't to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Mental health is our birthright. (46) we don't have to learn how to be mentally healthy, it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend, a broken bone. Mental health can't be learned, only reawakened. It is like immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don't understand the value of mental health and we don't know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health doesn't go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem -confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives-the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It's a form of innate or unlearned optimism.(48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves. And toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfecting ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice, we think of it simply as a health and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.【参考译文】46. 我们不必一定去学习如何做到心理健康，这种能力植根于我们自身，就像我们的身体知道如何愈合伤口，如何修复断骨。
考研英语专业考试试卷真题
考研英语专业考试试卷真题一、听力理解（共30分）1. 短对话理解（每题1分，共10分）听下面10段对话，每段对话后有一个问题。
从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳答案。
[录音材料略]2. 长对话理解（每题2分，共10分）听下面2段较长的对话，每段对话后有2-3个问题。
从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。
[录音材料略]3. 短文理解（每题2分，共10分）听下面3篇短文，每篇短文后有2-3个问题。
从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。
[录音材料略]二、阅读理解（共40分）1. 快速阅读（每题2分，共20分）阅读下面的文章，然后回答1-10题。
根据文章内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出正确答案。
[文章内容略]2. 深度阅读（每题2分，共20分）阅读下面的文章，然后回答11-20题。
根据文章内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出正确答案。
[文章内容略]三、完形填空（共20分）阅读下面的文章，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
[文章内容略]四、翻译（共20分）1. 英译汉（每题5分，共10分）将下列英文句子翻译成中文。
[句子1][句子2]2. 汉译英（每题5分，共10分）将下列中文句子翻译成英文。
[句子1][句子2]五、写作（共30分）1. 小作文（10分）根据所给情景写一封书信或电子邮件。
[情景描述略]2. 大作文（20分）根据所给题目写一篇议论文。
[题目描述略]请注意：本试卷为模拟试卷，仅供学习参考，具体考试内容以官方发布的考试大纲为准。
祝各位考生考试顺利！。
2016年度考研英语一真题与答案解析
2016考研英语(一)真题及参考答案2015年12月28日Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) In Cambodia the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, 1 those of the young women, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and them ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations. or the young man’s pa rents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists ,and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a flew house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common .Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly –acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up .The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait the months.1. [A] by way of [B] as well as [C] on behalf of [D] with regard to2. [A] adapt to [B] provide for [C]compete with [D] decide on3. [A] close [B] renew [C]arrange [D] postpone4. [A] In theory [B] Above all [C] In time [D] For example5. [A] Although [B] Lest [C] After [D] Unless6. [A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through7. [A] sine [B] or [C] but [D] so8. [A] test [B]copy [C]recite [D] create9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying10. [A] lighting [B] passing [C] hiding [D] serving11. [A] meeting [B] association [C] collection [D]union12. [A] grow [B] part [C] deal [D]live13. [A] whereas [B] until [C] for [D] if14. [A] obtain [B] follow [C] challenge [D]avoid15. [A] isolated [B] persuaded [C] viewed [D] exposed16. [A]wherever [B] however [C] whenever [D]whatever17. [A] changed [B] brought [C] shaped [D] pushed18. [A] divided [B] invested [C] donated [D] withdrawn19. [A]clears [B] warms [C] shows [D] breaks20. [A]while [B] so what [C]once [D] in thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40points)Text 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness”by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starring themselves to health –as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape –measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced ,would suggest to woman (and many men )that they should not let others be orbiters of their beauty .And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques .The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models .The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. The charter’s main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen. Fashion week, which is men by the Danish Fashion Institute .But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] Physical beauty would be redefined[B] New runways would be constructed[C] Websites about dieting would thrive[D] The fashion industry would decline22. The phrase “impinging on”(Line2 Para2) is closest in meaning to[A] heightening the value of[B] indicating the state of[C] losing faith in[D] doing harm to23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry[A] The French measures have already failed[B] New standards are being set in Denmark[C] Models are no longer under peer pressure[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A] setting perfect physical conditions[B] caring too much about models’ character[C] showing little concern for health factors[D] pursuing a high age threshold for models25. Which of the following maybe the best title of the text?[A] A challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals[B] A Dilemma for the starving models in France[C] Just Another Round of struggle for beauty[D] The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText 2For the first time in the history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside”alongside the royal family. Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what make them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever”. It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air”. Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it .It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation,even authorizing “off–plan”building where local people might object. Theconcept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent only u sensing its chance, has sides with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its campaign to protect Rural England struck terror into many local conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses factories and offices is where people are in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyed recently identified enough sites for half of million houses in the Landon area alone with no intrusion on green belts. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces. The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let trip, After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowed country. Half a century of town and country planning has enable it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative-the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26. Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside[A] is not well reflected in politics[B] is fully backed by the royal family[C] didn’t start fill the Shakespearean age[D] has brought much benefit to the NHS27. According to paragraph 2，the achievements of the National Trust are now being[A] largely overshadowed[B] properly protected[C] effectively reinforced[D] gradually destroyed28. Which of the following can be offered from paragraph 3[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development[B] The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan” building[C] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation[D] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence29. The author holds that George Osbornes’s preference[A] shows his disregard for the character of rural area[B] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis[C] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30. In the last paragraph the author show his appreciation of[A] the size of population in Britain[B] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain[C] the town-and-country planning in Britain[D] the political life in today’s BritainText 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of business”wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel Prize-winning economist “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.”But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders’s money, things may not be absolutely clear-act. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal”that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect may to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under American’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act （FCPA）.It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations，they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that，among prosecuted firms，those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm’s political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about20% result in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials.”says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question at how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with[A] uncertainty[B] skepticism[C] approval[D] tolerance32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by[A] guarding it against malpractices[B] protecting it from consumers[C] winning trust from consumers.[D] raising the quality of its products33. The expression “more lenient”(line 2,Para.4)is closest in meaning to[A] less controversial[B] more lasting[C] more effective[D] less severe34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR record[A] comes across as reliable evidence[B] has an impact on their decision[C] increases the chance of being penalized[D] constitutes part of the investigation35. Which of the following is true of CSR according to the last paragraph?[A] The necessary amount of companies spending on it is unknown[B] Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated[C] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked[D] It has brought much benefit to the banking industryText 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future,” the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper―printing presses, delivery trucks ― isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,”he said, “but if you discontinue it, you’re going have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? “I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,”he said “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes,and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you’re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,”Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.”In other words, if you’re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year ― more than twice as much as a digital ― only subscription.“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,”Peretti remarked. “But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’s better to be more aggressive that less aggressive.”36. The New York Times is considering ending it’s print edition partly due to[A] the increasing online and sales[B] the pressure from its investors[C] the complaints from its readers[D] the high cost of operation37. Peretti suggests that in face of the present situation, The Times should[A] make strategic adjustments[B] end the print sedition for good[C] seek new sources of leadership[D] aim for efficient management38. It can be inferred from paragraphs 5and 6 that a “ legacy product”[A] helps restore the glory of former times[B] is meant for the most loyal customers[C] will have the cost of printing reduced[D] expands the popularity of the paper39. Peretti believes that in a changing world[A] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges[D] legacy businesses are becoming out dated40. Which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A] shift to online newspapers all at once[B] Cherish the Newspapers still in Your Hand[C] keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion[D] Make Your print Newspapers a luxury GoodPart BDirections: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numberedparagraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark youranswers on the ANSER SHEET. (10 point)[A] Create a new image of yourself[B] Decide if the time is right[C] Have confidence in yourself[D] Understand the context[E] Work with professionals[F] Make it efficient[G] Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in the first impressions. According to research from Princeton University , people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.The difference between today’s workplace and the “dress for success”era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in other not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s the best way to pull off one than enhances our goals? Here are some tips:41As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particular helpful during transitions-when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK42Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo.” (It’s OK to use characterizations like that )43Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.44Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J. Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.45The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on theANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46) we don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy, it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened. It is like immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don’t understand the value of mental health and we don’t know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health doesn’t go anywhere, like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem –confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives-the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It’s a form of innate or unlearned optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves. And toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfecting ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice, we think of it simply as a health and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions: Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about100 words. Providing the newly-enrolled international students withrelevant information about the library.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures Inyour essay, you should1) describe the pictures briefly2) interpret the meaning , and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)【参考答案】：Section I1-5 BDCAC 6-10 ACCDB 11-15 DDBAC 16-20 DBACASection IIPart A21-25. ADBCA 26-30. ADCDD 31-35. ACDBA 36-40. DABCDPart B41-45. BGDEFPart C46. 我们不必一定去学习如何做到心理健康，这种能力植根于我们自身，就像我们的身体知道如何愈合伤口，如何修复断骨。
【2016考研英语一真题及答案汇总】考研英语一真题及答案完整版
【2016考研英语一真题及答案汇总】考研英语一真题及答案完整版考研网为你收集整理带来的2016考研英语一真题及答案汇总。
或许你已经核对过了部分真题的答案，那你阅读过所有真题的答案了吗，考研英语一真题及答案完整版新鲜出炉了，如果你也迫不及待想要核对一下答案那就快看看吧？下面为你带来的是2016年考研英语一真题及答案。
详情如下。
Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In Cambodia the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends,1those of the young women, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2a likely spouse on his own and them ask his parents to 3the marriage negotiations. or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection.4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen.5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting,9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists ,and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11.Newlywedstraditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may 12with them up to a year, 13 they can build a flew house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14,but not common .Divorced persons are 15with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16property he or she 17into the marriage, and jointly –acquired property is 18equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19up .The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry 20the woman must wait the months.1. [A] by way of [B] as well as [C] on behalf of [D] with regard to2. [A] adapt to [B] provide for [C]compete with [D] decide on3. [A] close [B] renew [C]arrange [D] postpone4. [A] In theory [B] Above all [C] In time [D] For example5. [A] Although [B] Lest [C] After [D] Unless6. [A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through7. [A] sine [B] or [C] but [D] so8. [A] test [B]copy [C]recite [D] create9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying10. [A] lighting [B] passing [C] hiding [D] serving11. [A] meeting [B] association [C] collection [D]union12. [A] grow [B] part [C] deal [D]live13. [A] whereas [B] until [C] for [D] if14. [A] obtain [B] follow [C] challenge [D]avoid15. [A] isolated [B] persuaded [C] viewed [D] exposed16. [A]wherever [B] however [C] whenever [D]whatever17. [A] changed [B] brought [C] shaped [D] pushed。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
[考研类试卷]2016年考研英语（一）真题试卷一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)0 In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, 【B1】______those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can【B2】______a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to【B3】______the marriage negotiations, or the young man's parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 【B4】______, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 【B5】______a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying【B6】______a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days,【B7】______by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and【B8】______prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 【B9】______cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride's and groom's wrists, and【B10】______a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the【B11】______Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife's parents and may【B12】______with them up to a year, 【B13】______they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to【B14】______, but not common. Divorced persons are 【B15】______with some disapproval. Each spouse retains【B16】______property he or she【B17】______into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is【B18】______equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice【B19】______up: The divorced male doesn't have a waiting period before he can remarry【B20】______the woman must wait ten months.1 【B1】（A）by way of（B）as well as（C）on behalf of（D）with regard to 2 【B2】（A）adapt to （B）provide for （C）compete with （D）decide on3 【B3】（A）renew（B）close（C）arrange （D）postpone4 【B4】（A）In theory （B）In time （C）Above all （D）For example 5 【B5】（A）Although（B）Lest （C）After （D）Unless 6 【B6】（A）into （B）within （C）from （D）through 7 【B7】（A）since （B）or （C）but （D）so8 【B8】（A）test （B）copy （C）recite （D）create 9 【B9】（A）folding （B）piling （C）wrapping （D）tying10 【B10】（A）lighting （B）passing （C）hiding （D）serving 11 【B11】（A）association （B）meeting （C）collection （D）union12 【B12】（A）grow （B）part （C）deal（D）live13 【B13】（A）whereas （B）until （C）for （D）if14 【B14】（A）obtain （B）follow （C）challenge （D）avoid15 【B15】（A）isolated （B）persuaded （C）viewed （D）exposed 16 【B16】（A）wherever （B）however（C）whenever （D）whatever 17 【B17】（A）changed （B）brought （C）shaped （D）pushed 18 【B18】（A）divided （B）invested （C）donated （D）withdrawn 19 【B19】（A）clears （B）warms （C）shows （D）breaks20 【B20】（A）while（B）once（C）so that（D）in thatPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that "incite excessive thinness" by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up <u>impinging on</u> health. That's a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death—as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women(and many men)that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep—and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $ 85 ,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France's actions, Denmark's fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: "We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on youngpeople." The charter's main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week(CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance. Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21 According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?（A）Physical beauty would be redefined.（B）New runways would be constructed.（C）Websites about dieting would thrive.（D）The fashion industry would decline.22 The phrase "impinging on"(Line 2, Para. 2)is closest in meaning to（A）indicating the state of.（B）heightening the value of.（C）losing faith in.（D）doing harm to.23 Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?（A）The French measures have already failed.（B）New standards are being set in Denmark.（C）Models are no longer under peer pressure.（D）Its inherent problems are getting worse.24 A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for（A）pursuing perfect physical conditions.（B）caring too much about models' character.（C）showing little concern for health factors.（D）setting a high age threshold for models.25 Which of the following may be the best title of the text?（A）A Challenge to the Fashion Industry's Body Ideals.（B）Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty（C）A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France（D）The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry.25 For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate "the countryside" alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service(NHS)as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save "the beauty of natural places for everyone forever." It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience "a refreshing air." Hill's pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don't make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives' planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorising "off-plan" building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone, with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that "housing crisis" equals "concreted meadows" is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe's most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative—the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26 Britain's public sentiment about the countryside（A）has brought much benefit to the NHS.（B）is fully backed by the royal family.（C）didn't start till the Shakespearean age.（D）is not well reflected in politics.27 According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now being （A）largely overshadowed.（B）properly protected.（C）effectively reinforced.（D）gradually destroyed.28 Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?（A）Labour is under attack for opposing development.（B）The Conservatives may abandon "off-plan" building.（C）Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.（D）The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.29 The author holds that George Osborne's preference（A）shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.（B）stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis.（C）highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.（D）reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.30 In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of（A）the size of population in Britain.（B）the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain.（C）the town-and-country planning in Britain.（D）the political life in today's Britain.30 "There is one and only one social responsibility of business," wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, "That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits." But even if you accept Friedman's premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR)policies as a waste of shareholders' money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies—at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $ 15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value totheir businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a "signal" that a company's products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company's products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse "halo effect," whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America's Foreign Corrupt Practices Act(FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company's products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get <u>more lenient</u> penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms' political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company's record in CSR. "We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials," says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31 The author views Milton Friedman's statement about CSR with（A）tolerance.（B）skepticism.（C）approval.（D）uncertainty.32 According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by（A）guarding it against malpractices.（B）protecting it from being defamed.（C）winning trust from consumers.（D）raising the quality of its products.33 The expression "more lenient"(Line 2, Para. 4)is closest in meaning to （A）less controversial.（B）more effective.（C）more lasting.（D）less severe.34 When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company's CSR record（A）comes across as reliable evidence.（B）has an impact on their decision.（C）increases the chance of being penalized.（D）constitutes part of the investigation.35 Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph? （A）The necessary amount of companies' spending on it is unknown. （B）Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.（C）Companies' financial capacity for it has been overestimated.（D）It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.35 There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. "Sometime in the future," the paper's publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there's plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper—printing presses, delivery trucks—isn't just expensive; it's excessive at a time when online-only competitors don't have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. "Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them," he said, "but if you discontinue it, you're going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you."Sometimes that's worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. "It was seen as a blunder," he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? "I wouldn't pick a year to end print,"he said. "I would raise prices and make it into moreof a legacy product."The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, andthey'd feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. "So if you're overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping," Peretti said. "Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue." In other words, if you're going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting theprint edition seven days a week costs nearly $ 500 a year—more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription."It's a really hard thing to do and it's a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn't have a legacy business," Peretti remarked. "But we're going to have questions like that where we have things we're doing that don't make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it's better to be more aggressive than less aggressive."36 The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due to（A）the complaints from its readers.（B）the increasing online ad sales.（C）the pressure from its investors.（D）the high cost of operation.37 Peretti suggests that, in face of the present situation, the Times should （A）make strategic adjustments.（B）end the print edition for good.（C）seek new sources of readership.（D）aim for efficient management.38 It can be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a "legacy product" （A）helps restore the glory of former times.（B）is meant for the most loyal customers.（C）will have the cost of printing reduced.（D）expands the popularity of the paper.39 Peretti believes that, in a changing world,（A）traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.（B）cautiousness facilitates problem-solving.（C）aggressiveness better meets challenges.（D）legacy businesses are becoming outdated.40 Which of the following would be the best title of the text?（A）Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once.（B）Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your Hand.（C）Keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion.（D）Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good.Part B (10 points)40 Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSER SHEET.(10 point)[A]Create a new image of yourself[B]Decide if the time is right[C]Have confidence in yourself[D]Understand the context[E]Work with professionals[F]Make it efficient[G]Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University, people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.The difference between today's workplace and the "dress for success" era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like Linkedln. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what's the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips:【C1】______As an executive coach, I've seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions— when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you're in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you're not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there's no need for an upgrade and that's OK.【C2】______Get clear on what impact you're hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modem and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more "SoHo."(It's OK to use characterizations like that.)【C3】______Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.【C4】______Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J.Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It's not as expensive as you might think.【C5】______The point of a style upgrade isn't to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.41 【C1】42 【C2】43 【C3】44 【C4】45 【C5】Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)45 Mental health is our birthright. 【F1】<u>We don't have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal acut or mend a broken bone.</u> Mental health can't be learned, only reawakened. It is like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don't understand the value of mental health and we don't know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. 【F2】<u>Our mental health doesn't really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.</u>Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem—confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives—the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It's a form of innate or unlearned optimism. 【F3】<u>Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who theyare.</u> Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.【F4】<u>Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.</u> It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice. We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought. 【F5】<u>As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.</u>46 【F1】47 【F2】48 【F3】49 【F4】50 【F5】Part ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information. (10 points)51 Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words, providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write the address.(10 points)Part BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information. (20 points)52 Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay, you should1)describe the pictures briefly,2)interpret the meaning, and3)give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20points)。