微生物学细菌中英翻译及促生素概论
微生物学细菌中英翻译及促生素概论
清酒乳杆菌(Lactobacillus sakei),弯曲乳杆菌(Lactobacillus curvatus),明串珠菌属的肠膜明串珠菌(Leuconostoc mesenteroides)和非培养的明串珠菌(Uncultured Leuconostoc sp.)清酒乳杆菌清酒亚种(Lactobacillus sakei subsp.sakei)弯曲乳杆菌蜜二糖亚种(Lactobacillus curvatus subsp.melibiosus)粪肠球菌（E.faecalis）屎肠球菌（E.faecium)鸟肠球菌(E.avium) 酪黄肠球菌(E.casseliflavus)坚忍肠球菌(E.durans) 鸡肠球菌E.galinarum)芒地肠球菌(E.mundii) 恶臭肠球菌(E.maladoratum)希拉肠球菌(E.hirae) 孤立肠球菌（E.solitarius）棉子糖肠球菌(E.raffinosus) 假鸟肠球菌(E.pseudoavium)粪肠球变异株(E.faecalis var)。
Abiotrophia adjacens 毗邻贫养菌Abiotrophia defectiva 软弱贫养菌Achromobacter spp 无色杆菌属某些种Acinetobacter /Pseudomonas spp 不动杆菌/假单胞菌属某些种Acinetobacter baumannii 鲍氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter calcoaceticus 醋酸钙不动杆菌Acinetobacter haemolyticus 溶血不动杆菌Acinetobacter johnsonii 约氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter junii 琼氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter lwoffii 鲁氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter radioresistens 抗辐射不动杆菌Acinetobacter spp 不动杆菌属某些种Acinetobacter spp/Pseudomonas spp 不动杆菌属某些种/假单胞菌属某些种Acinetobacter/Pseudomonas spp 不动杆菌/假单胞菌属某些种Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans 伴放线放线杆菌Actinomyces israelii 衣氏放线菌Actinomyces meyeri 麦氏放线菌Actinomyces naeslundii 内氏放线菌Actinomyces neuii anitratus 纽氏放线菌无硝亚种Actinomyces neuii neuii 纽氏放线菌纽氏亚种Actinomyces neuii radingae 纽氏放线菌罗亚种Actinomyces neuii turicensis 纽氏放线菌图列茨亚种Actinomyces odontolyticus 龋齿放线菌Actinomyces viscosus 粘放线菌Aeromonas caviae 豚鼠气单胞菌Aeromonas hydrophila 嗜水气单胞菌Aeromonas hydrophila gr．嗜水气单胞菌群Aeromonas salmonicida achromogenes 杀鲑气单胞菌无色亚种Aeromonas salmonicida masoucida 杀鲑气单胞菌杀日本鲑亚种Aeromonas salmonicida salmonicida 杀鲑气单胞菌杀鲑亚种Aeromonas sobria 温和气单胞菌Agrobacterium radiobacter 放射形土壤杆菌Alcaligenes denitrificans 反硝化产碱菌Alcaligenes faecalis 粪产碱菌Alcaligenes spp 产碱菌属某些种Alcaligenes xylosoxidans 木糖氧化产碱菌Alloiococcus otitis 耳炎差异球菌Anaerobiospirllum succiniproducens 产琥珀酸厌氧螺菌Arachnia propionica 丙酸蛛菌Arcanobacterium bernardiae 伯纳德隐秘杆菌Arcanobacterium haemolyticum 溶血隐秘杆菌Arcanobacterium pyogenes 化脓隐秘杆菌Arcobacter cryaerohoilus 嗜低温弓形杆菌Arthrobacter spp 节杆菌属某些种Debaryomyces polymorphus 多形德巴利酵母菌Dermabacter hominis 人皮肤杆菌Dermacoccus nishinomiyaensis 西宫皮肤球菌Dietzia spp 迪茨菌属某些种Edwardsiella hoshinae 保科爱德华菌Edwardsiella tarda 迟钝爱德华菌Eikenella corrodens 啮蚀艾肯菌Enterobacter aerogenes 产气肠杆菌Enterobacter amnigenus 河生肠杆菌Enterobacter asburiae 阿氏肠杆菌Enterobacter cancerogenus 生癌肠杆菌Enterobacter cloacae 阴沟肠杆菌Enterobacter gergoviae 日沟维肠杆菌Enterobacter intermedius 中间肠杆菌Enterobacter sakazakii 阪崎肠杆菌Enterobacter spp 肠杆菌属某些种Enterococcus avium 鸟肠球菌Enterococcus casselifavus 铅黄肠球菌Enterococcus durans 耐久肠球菌Enterococcus faecalis 粪肠球菌Enterococcus faecium 屎肠球菌Enterococcus gallinarum 鹑鸡肠球菌Enterococcus saccharolyticus 解糖肠球菌Erwinia spp 欧文菌属某些种Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae 猪红斑丹毒丝菌Escherichia coli 大肠埃希菌Escherichia fergusonii 费格森埃希菌Escherichia hermannii 赫氏埃希菌Escherichia vulneris 伤口埃希菌Eubacterium aerofaciens 产气真杆菌Eubacterium lentum 迟缓真杆菌Eubacterium limosum 粘液真杆菌Ewingella americana 美洲爱文菌促生素：概论简介发酵乳形态的促生素历史要追溯回数千年前，但直到本世纪初期才根据科学原理进行科学性研究。
微生物学双语词汇
Virion病毒粒子
Viruses病毒
Temperate Bacteriophages温和噬菌体
Lysogeny溶源性细菌
Lysogeny溶原现象Virulent phage烈性噬菌体
Prophage前噬菌体
Viroids类病毒
submicroscopic超显微的
NAM N-乙酰胞壁酸
70S Ribosome核糖体
Bacteria chromosome细菌染色体
Colony菌落
02-2actinomyces放线菌
Actinomycetes放线菌
Nonseptate hypha无隔菌丝
Substrate mycelium基内菌丝
Aerial mycelium气生菌丝
Reproductive mycelium孢子丝
Antibiotics
03真菌fungi
Yeasts酵母菌
Molds霉菌
Mushrooms蕈类
budding出芽生殖
Chitin几丁质
Mitochondria线粒体
Hyphae菌丝
Mycelium菌丝体
Rhizopus根霉
Mucor毛霉
Aspergillus曲霉
Biosynthesis of viral components生物合成Maturation成熟Release释放assembly装配
subviruses亚病毒
satellite virus卫星病毒
Prions朊病毒
05 microbial nutrition
Eukaryotes真核细胞
Culture Medium培养基
微生物学（双语）词汇
医学微生物学单词英汉对照
第一章Bacterium 细菌Coccus 球菌Diplococcus 双球菌Bacillus 杆菌Spiral bacterium 螺菌Vibrio 弧菌Cell wall 细胞壁Peptidoglycan 肽聚糖Mesosome 中介体Plasmid 质粒Inclusion 内含物Metachromatic granule 异染颗粒Nuclear material 核质Nucleoid 拟核Teichoic acid 磷壁酸Lipoteichoic acid ,LTA 脂磷壁酸Outer membrane 外膜Lipopolysaccharide,LPS 脂多糖Lysozyme 溶菌酶Bactrrial L form 细菌L形Capsule 荚膜Microcapsule 微荚膜Flagellum 鞭毛Pilus(fimbria) 菌毛Common pilus 普通菌毛Sex pilus 性菌毛Fertility 致育性Spore 芽孢Gram stain 革兰染色法第二章Lag phase 迟缓期Logarithmic phase 对数期Stationary phase 稳定期Decline phase 衰亡期pyrogen 热原质pigment 色素antibiotic 抗生素bacteriocin 细菌素vitamin 维生素第五章Fertility plasmid 致育性质粒，F质粒Resistance plasmid 耐药性质粒，R质粒Virulence plasmid 毒力质粒，V质粒Transposable element 转位因子Insertion sequence IS 插入序列Transposon TN 转座子Bacteriophage phage 噬菌体Virulent phage 毒性噬菌体Temperate phage 温和噬菌体Lysogeny 溶原性Lysogenic phage 溶原性噬菌体Lysogenic bacterium 溶原性细菌Prophage 前噬菌体Fluctuation test 动试验，彷徨试验Replica planting 平板培养影印试验Conditional lethal mutation 条件致死性突变Temperature sensitive温度敏感突变株，Ts株mutantTransformation 转化Transduction 转导General transduction 普遍性转导Abortive transduction 流产转导Conjugation 接合High frequency高频重组株recombinant ,HfrLysogenic conversion 溶源性转换第八章MIC 最小抑菌浓度Vaccine 疫苗Toxiod 类毒素Antitoxin 抗毒素Antisera 抗血清Antibacterial agents 抗菌药物Antibiotics 抗生素Drug resistance 耐药性第九章Staphylococcus 葡萄球菌S.aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcal protein葡萄球菌A蛋白A ,SPACoagglutination 协同凝集试验Coaggulase 凝固酶Enterotoxin 肠毒素Exfoliative toxin , exfoliatin 表皮剥脱毒素Staphylococcal scalded skin葡萄球菌皮肤烫伤样综合症syndrome ,SSSSToxic shock syndrome毒性休克综合症毒素－1 toxin-1Coaggulase –negative凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌staphylococcus ,CNSStreptococcus 链球菌甲型溶血性链球菌α－hemolyticstreptococcusβ－hemolytic乙型溶血性链球菌streptococcus丙型溶血性链球菌γ－hemolyticstreptococcusstreptokinase , SK 链激酶streptodornase , SD 链道酶hyaluronidase 透明质酸酶streptolysin 链球菌溶血素streptolysin O , SLO 链球菌溶血素O streptolysin S , SLS 链球菌溶血素S pyrogenic exotoxin 致热外毒素erythrogenic toxin 红疹毒素scarlet fever toxin 猩红热毒素Antistreptolysin O test ,抗链球菌溶血素O试验ASO testpneumococcus 肺炎球菌S . Pneumococcus 肺炎链球菌Optochin test 奥普托辛试验Quellung reaction 荚膜肿胀试验Neisseria 奈瑟菌属N.meningitidis 脑膜炎奈氏菌Meningococcus 脑膜炎球菌N.gonorrhoeae 淋病奈氏菌Gonococcus 淋球菌第十章Esherichia 埃希菌属E . coli 大肠杆菌Colonization factor定居因子抗原antigen , CFAInvasin 侵袭素Uropathogenic E . coli 尿道致病性大肠杆菌Enterotoxigenic E .coli ,肠产毒性大肠埃希菌ETECEnteroinvasive E . coli , EIEC 肠侵袭性大肠埃希菌Enteropathogenic E . coli ,肠致病性大肠埃希菌EPECEnterohemorrhagic E . coli ,肠出血性大肠埃希菌EHECEnteroaggregative E . coli ,肠集聚性大肠埃希菌EAECHeat labile enterotoxin , LT 不耐热肠毒素Heat stable enterotoxin , ST 耐热肠毒素Enteric bacilli 肠道杆菌Enterobacteriaceae 肠杆菌科Shigella 志贺菌Salmonella 沙门菌属S . typhi 伤寒杆菌S . Virulence antigen , ViVi 抗原antigenWidal test 肥达试验第十一章Vibrio 弧菌V. cholera 霍乱弧菌Cholera enterotoxin 霍乱肠毒素V. parahemolyticus 副溶血性弧菌Kanagawa test 神奈川试验Helicobacter pylori, HP 幽门螺杆菌第十三章Anaerobic bacteria 厌氧性细菌Clostridium 厌氧芽孢梭菌属C. tetani 破伤风梭菌Tetanospasmin 破伤风痉挛毒素Tetani antitoxin , TAT 破伤风抗毒素C. perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌Nagler reaction 卵磷脂酶试验Stormy fermentation 汹涌发酵Gas gangrene 气性坏疽C. botulinum 肉毒梭菌C. difficile 艰难梭菌B. fragilis 脆弱类杆菌其它细菌Spirochete 螺旋体Treponema pallidum 梅毒螺旋体Leptospira 钩端螺旋体Mycoplasma 支原体Chlamydia 衣原体Rickettsia 立克次体Weil-Felix reaction 外斐反应。
医学微生物学主要名词解释(含英文索引)
Absorption 095吸附Abortive 122顿挫感染acid-fast bacilli 084抗酸杆菌AIDS 115AIDS相关综合征ARC 116Antibiotic 031抗生素Antisepsis 041防腐antigenic drift 106抗原漂移antigenic shift 107抗原转变antistreptolysin O test;ASO test 082抗链球菌溶血素O试验asepsis 042无菌artificial active immunity 072人工自动免疫artificial passive immunity 073人工被动免疫bacterium 006细菌bacterial L form 020L型细菌bacteriostasis 040抑菌bactericin 027细菌素BCG 085卡介苗carrier 070带菌者capsule 016荚膜cell wall of bacterium 007细菌的细胞壁CPE 094细胞病变效应Colony 028菌落conditioned pathogen 062条件致病菌coagulase 079血浆凝固酶coagglutination 083协同凝集试验cord factor 086索状因子coinfection 112联合感染conjugation 057接合culture medium 029培养基disinfection 038消毒defective virus 096缺陷病毒envelope 093病毒包膜enterovirus 108肠道病毒endogenous infection 069内源性感染facultative anaerobe 037兼性厌氧菌flagella 017鞭毛Gram staining 021革兰染色GP120 119growth factor 025生长因子HA 104血凝素HbsAg 109 HBeAg 110. HBcAg 111high frequency recombinant，Hfr 059高频重组菌IFN 101干扰素Invasiveness 065侵袭力inapparent infection 068隐性感染infection immunity 087感染免疫interference 098干扰作用inactivated vaccine 102减毒活疫苗Koch's postulates 005郭霍法则L-form of bacterium 020细菌L型latent infection 099潜伏感染lipopolysaccharide LPS 010脂多糖live-attenuated vaccine 103灭活疫苗lysogenic bacterium 049溶原性细菌lysogeny 050溶原性lysogenic conversion 058溶原性转换lysogenic phage 045溶原性噬菌体LTR 114长末端重复序列median lethal dose 063LD50median infective dose 064ID50medical microbiology 003医学微生物学metachromatic granule 015异染颗粒mesosome 022中介体microbial selection and substitution 061菌群失调症microorganism 001微生物microbiology 002微生物学mutation 054突变NA 105神经氨酸酶nuclear material 013核质normal flora 060正常菌群nonspecific immunity 071非特异性免疫obligate anaerobe 030专性厌氧菌obligate aerobe 036专性需氧菌outer membrane 011外膜ordinary pilus 024普通菌毛oid tuberculin ,OT 088旧结核菌素P24 118pathogenic coccus 077化脓性球菌peptidoglucan or mucopeptide 008肽聚糖或粘肽plasmid 014质粒plaque 046噬斑plaque forming units，pfu 047噬斑形成单位plasmid 053质粒pili 018菌毛phage，bacteriophage 043噬菌体PGL 117Prophage 048前噬菌体Provirus 120前病毒Prion 121朊粒pure culture 032纯培养pyrogen 026热原质ribosome 012核蛋白体retroviruses 113逆转录病毒selective medium 035选择培养基septicemia 067败血症serological diagnosis 076血清学诊断sex pilus 023性菌毛species 033种spone 019芽胞spike 092刺突slow virus infection 100慢发病毒感染staphylococcal protein A，SPA 078葡萄球菌A蛋白streptokinase；SK 080链激酶streptodornase；SD 081链道酶sterilization 039灭菌strains of bacteria 004菌株teichoic acid 009磷壁酸temperature sensitive variant 097温度敏感突变株temperate phage 045温和噬菌体transformation 055转化transduction 056转导toxemia 066毒血症toxoid 075类毒素type 034型vaccine 074疫苗virulent phage 044毒性噬菌体virus 090病毒virion 091病毒体001微生物：存在于自然界形体微小，数量繁多，肉眼看不见，必须籍助于光学显微镜或电子显微镜放大数百倍甚至上万倍，才能观察到的一群微小低等生物体。
微生物英汉对照.
Lactobacillus （Lactic Acid Bacteria /LAB）乳酸菌Lactobacillus casei 干酪乳杆菌（凯氏乳杆菌）Lactobacillus plantarum 植物乳杆菌spray drying 喷雾干燥1actic acid bacterium expolysacchafides / LAB EPS 乳酸菌胞外多糖Lactobacillus rhamnosus 鼠李糖乳杆菌Lactobacillus paracasei 副干酪乳杆菌Lactobacillus reuteri 罗伊氏乳杆菌Lactobacillus Fermentum 发酵乳杆菌Lactobacillus Acidophilus 嗜酸乳杆菌L.brevis 短乳杆菌L. Curvatus 弧形乳杆菌Lactobacillus bifermentans 双发酵乳杆菌L. delbrueckii bulgaricus 德式保加利亚乳杆菌Lactobacillus bulgaricus 保加利亞乳桿菌L. HelveticusL. JohnsoniiLeuconostoc mesenteroides 肠膜明串珠菌Lactobacillus vaccinostercus 牛痘乳杆菌lactobacillus sakei 沙克乳杆菌Lactobacillus sakei 米酒乳杆菌Lactococcus sp./Lc. pisciumCarnobacterium sp./Car. divergensLactobacillus.helveticu 瑞士乳杆菌Bifidobacterium sp. 双歧杆菌（或比菲德氏菌）Carnobacterium - 肉杆菌属Carnobacterium alterfunditum - 类湖底肉杆菌Carnobacterium divergens - 广布肉杆菌Carnobacterium funditum - 沉积层肉杆菌Carnobacterium funditum - 底层肉杆菌Carnobacterium funditum - 湖底肉杆菌Carnobacterium gallinarum - 鸡肉杆菌Carnobacterium gingivalis - Carnobacterium ochraceusCarnobacterium mobile - 活动肉杆菌Carnobacterium mobile - 疏松肉杆菌Clostridium perfringens 產氣莢模桿菌Clostridium difficile 梭胞桿菌Candida albicans 白色念珠菌屬Escherichia coli 病原性大腸桿菌enterocins伏尔加霉素Listeria 李士德菌屬Pediococcus pentosaceus 戊糖片球菌Pseudomonas 假單胞菌屬／帚狀菌屬Streptococcus thermophilus 嗜高溫鏈球菌Salmonella typhimurium 傷寒桿菌Staphylococcus aureus 金黃色葡萄球菌Weissella - 魏斯氏菌属Weissella confusa - 融合乳杆菌Weissella confusa - 融合魏斯氏菌Weissella halotolerans - 耐盐魏斯氏菌Weissella halotolerans - 耐盐乳杆菌Weissella hellenica - 赫伦魏斯氏菌Weissella kandleri - 坎德勒氏乳杆菌Weissella kandleri - 坎氏乳杆菌Weissella kandleri - 坎氏魏斯氏菌Weissella minor - 稍小乳杆菌目前普遍認為的乳酸菌已由早期的四個屬再細分及擴充為下列十一個屬：(1)乳酸桿菌屬(Lactobacillus)(2)明串球菌屬(Leuconostoc)(3)鏈球菌屬(Streptococcus)(4)足球菌屬(Pediococcus)(5)有孢子乳酸菌(Sporolactobacillus)(6)腸球菌屬(Enterococcus)(7)乳酸球菌屬(Lactococcus)(8)肉品桿菌屬(Carnobacterium)(9)徘徊球菌屬(Vagococcus)(10)四體球菌(Tetragenococcus)(11)雙歧桿菌屬(Bifidobacterium)··生物梅里埃细菌英中文对照表AAbiotrophia adjacens 毗邻贫养菌Abiotrophia defective 软弱贫养菌Achromobacter spp 无色杆菌属某些种Acinetobacter /Pseudomonas spp 不动杆菌/假单胞菌属某些种Acinetobacter baumannii 鲍氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter calcoaceticus 醋酸钙不动杆菌Acinetobacter haemolyticus 溶血不动杆菌Acinetobacter johnsonii 约氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter junii 琼氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter lwoffii 鲁氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter radioresistens 抗辐射不动杆菌Acinetobacter spp 不动杆菌属某些种Acinetobacter spp/Pseudomonas spp 不动杆菌属某些种/假单胞菌属某些种Acinetobacter/Pseudomonas spp 不动杆菌/假单胞菌属某些种Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans 伴放线放线杆菌Actinomyces israelii 衣氏放线菌Actinomyces meyeri 麦氏放线菌Actinomyces naeslundii 内氏放线菌Actinomyces neuii anitratus 纽氏放线菌无硝亚种Actinomyces neuii neuii 纽氏放线菌纽氏亚种Actinomyces neuii radingae 纽氏放线菌罗亚种Actinomyces neuii turicensis 纽氏放线菌图列茨亚种Actinomyces odontolyticus 龋齿放线菌Actinomyces viscosus 粘放线菌Aerococcus viridans 绿浅气球菌Aeromonas caviae 豚鼠气单胞菌Aeromonas hydrophila 嗜水气单胞菌Aeromonas hydrophila gr. 嗜水气单胞菌群Aeromonas salmonicida achromogenes 杀鲑气单胞菌无色亚种Aeromonas salmonicida masoucida 杀鲑气单胞菌杀日本鲑亚种Aeromonas salmonicida salmonicida 杀鲑气单胞菌杀鲑亚种Aeromonas sobria 温和气单胞菌Agrobacterium radiobacter 放射形土壤杆菌Alcaligenes denitrificans 反硝化产碱菌Alcaligenes faecalis 粪产碱菌Alcaligenes spp 产碱菌属某些种Alcaligenes xylosoxidans 木糖氧化产碱菌Alloiococcus otitis 耳炎差异球菌Anaerobiospirllum succiniproducens 产琥珀酸厌氧螺菌Arachnia propionica 丙酸蛛菌Arcanobacterium bernardiae 伯纳德隐秘杆菌Arcanobacterium haemolyticum 溶血隐秘杆菌Arcanobacterium pyogenes 化脓隐秘杆菌Arcobacter cryaerohoilus 嗜低温弓形杆菌Arthrobacter spp 节杆菌属某些种BBacteroides caccae 粪拟杆菌Bacteroides capillosus 多毛拟杆菌Bacteroides eggerthii 埃氏拟杆菌Bacteroides fragilis 脆弱拟杆菌Bacteroides levii 利氏拟杆菌Bacteroides merdae 屎拟杆菌Bacteroides ovatus 卵形拟杆菌Bacteroides stercoris 粪便拟杆菌Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 多形拟杆菌Bacteroides uniformis 单形拟杆菌Bacteroides ureolyticus 解脲拟杆菌Bacteroides vulgatus 普通拟杆菌Bergeyella zoohelcum 动物溃疡伯格菌Bifidobacterium adolescentis 青春双岐杆菌Bifidobacterium bifidum 双岐双岐杆菌Bifidobacterium breve 短双岐杆菌Bifidobacterium dentium 齿双歧杆菌Bifidobacterium infantis 婴儿双岐杆菌Bifidobacterium spp 双岐杆菌属某些种Bordetella avium 鸟博德特菌Bordetella bronchiseptica 支气管炎博德特菌Bordetella spp 博德特菌属某些种Branhamella catarrhalis 粘膜炎布兰汉球菌Brevendimonas diminuta 缺陷短波单胞菌Brevendimonas vesicularis 泡囊短波单胞菌Brevibacterium casei 乳酪短杆菌Brevibacterium epidermidis 表皮短杆菌Brevibacterium spp 短杆菌属某些种Brucella spp 布鲁菌属某些种Budvicia aquatica 水生布戴约维采菌Burkholderia cepacia 洋葱伯克霍尔德菌Burkholderia diminuta 洋葱伯克霍尔德菌Burkholderia gladioli 唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德菌Burkholderia pseudomallei 类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌Buttiauxella agrestis 乡间布丘菌CCampylobacter coli 大肠弯曲杆菌Campylobacter fetus fetus 胚胎弯曲杆菌胚胎亚种Campylobacter fetus venerealis 胚胎弯曲杆菌性病亚种Campylobacter hyointestinalis 豚肠弯曲杆菌Campylobacter jejuni doylei 空肠弯曲杆菌德莱亚种Campylobacter jejuni jejuni 空肠弯曲杆菌空肠亚种Campylobacter lari 红嘴鸥弯曲杆菌Campylobacter lari UPTC 红嘴鸥弯曲杆菌UPTC变种Campylobacter mucosalis 粘膜弯曲杆菌Campylobacter sputorrum bubulus 唾液弯曲杆菌牛生物变种Campylobacter sputorrum fecalis 唾液弯曲杆菌粪生物变种Campylobacter upsaliensis 乌普萨拉弯曲杆菌Candida albicans 白假丝酵母Candida boidinii 博伊丁假丝酵母Candida catenulata 链状假丝酵母Candida ciferrii 西弗假丝酵母Candida colliculosa 软假丝酵母Candida curvata 弯假丝酵母Candida dattila dattila 假丝酵母Candida drusei 克鲁斯假丝酵母Candida dubliniensis 杜氏假丝酵母Candida famata 无名假丝酵母Candida glabrata 光滑假丝酵母Candida globosa 球形假丝酵母Candida guilliermondii 高里假丝酵母Candida hellenical (=C. steatolytica) Candida holmii 霍氏假丝酵母Candida inconspicua 平常假丝酵母Candida intermedia 中间假丝酵母Candida kefyr 乳酒假丝酵母Candida krusei 克柔假丝酵母Candida lambica 郎比可假丝酵母Candida lipolytica 解脂假丝酵母Candida lusitaniae 葡萄牙假丝酵母Candida magnoliae 木兰假丝酵母Candida melibiosica 口津假丝酵母Candida membranaefaciens 璞膜假丝酵母Candida norvegensis 挪威假丝酵母Candida norvegica norvegica 假丝酵母Candida parapsilosis 近平滑假丝酵母Candida pelliculosa 菌膜假丝酵母Candida pulcherrima 铁红假丝酵母Candida rugosa 皱落假丝酵母Candida rugosa 皱褶假丝酵母Candida sake 清酒假丝酵母Candida silvicola 森林假丝酵母Candida sphaerica 园球形假丝酵母Candida tropicalis 热带假丝酵母Candida utilis 产朊假丝酵母Candida valida 粗状假丝酵母Candida zeylanoides 诞沫假丝酵母Capnocytophaga gingivalis 牙龈二氧化碳嗜纤维菌Capnocytophaga ochracea 黄褐二氧化碳嗜纤维菌Capnocytophaga spp 二氧化碳嗜纤维菌属某些种Capnocytophaga sputigena 生痰二氧化碳嗜纤维菌CDC gruop IV C-2 CDC菌群IV C-2Cedecea davisae 戴氏西地西菌Cedecea lapagei 拉氏西地西菌Cedecea neteri 奈氏西地西菌Cedecea spp 西地西菌属某些种Cellulomonas spp 纤维单胞菌属某些种Cellulomonas turbata 特氏纤维单胞菌Ceotruchum candidum 假丝地霉Ceotruchum capitatum 头状地霉Ceotruchum fermenfans 发酵地霉Ceotruchum penicillatum 潘氏地霉Ceotruchum spp 地霉菌属某些种Chromobacterium violaceum 紫色色杆菌Chryseobacterium indologenes 产吲哚金黄杆菌Chryseobacterium meningosepticum 脑膜脓毒性金黄杆菌Chryseomonas luteola 浅黄金色单胞菌Citrobacter amalonaticua 无丙二酸柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter braakii 布氏柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter farmeri 法氏柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter freundii 弗氏柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter freundii group 弗氏柠檬酸杆菌群Citrobacter koseri 柯氏柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter koseri 克氏柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter koseri (= C.diversus) 克氏柠檬酸杆菌（=差异柠檬酸杆菌）Citrobacter koseri/amalonaticus 克氏/无丙二酸柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter youngae 杨氏柠檬酸杆菌Clostridium acetobutylicum 丙酮丁醇梭杆菌Clostridium barati 巴氏梭菌Clostridium beijerinckii 拜氏梭菌Clostridium beijerinckii /butyricum 拜氏/丁酸梭菌Clostridium bifermentans 双酶梭菌Clostridium botlinum 肉毒梭菌Clostridium butyricum 丁酸梭菌Clostridium cadaveris 尸毒梭菌Clostridium clostridiiforme 梭状梭菌Clostridium difficile 艰难梭菌Clostridium fallax 谲诈梭菌Clostridium glycolicum 乙二醇梭菌Clostridium hastiforme 矛形梭菌Clostridium histolyticum 溶组织梭菌Clostridium innocuum 无害梭菌Clostridium innocuum 无害芽胞梭菌Clostridium limosum 泥渣梭菌Clostridium paraputrificum 类腐败梭菌Clostridium perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌Clostridium ramosum 多枝梭菌Clostridium septicum 败毒梭菌Clostridium sordellii 索氏梭菌Clostridium sporogenes 生孢梭菌Clostridium spp 梭菌属某些种Clostridium subterminale 近端梭菌Clostridium tertium 第三梭菌Clostridium tetani 破伤风梭菌Clostridium tyrobutyricum 酪丁酸梭菌Comamonas acidovorans 食酸丛毛单胞菌Comamonas spp 丛毛单胞菌属某些种Comonas testosteroni 睾丸酮丛毛单胞菌Corynebacterium accolens 拥挤棒杆菌Corynebacterium afermentans 非发酵棒杆菌Corynebacterium amycolatum 无枝菌酸棒杆菌Corynebacterium aquaticum 水生棒杆菌Corynebacterium argentoratense 银色棒杆菌Corynebacterium auris 耳棒杆菌Corynebacterium bovis 牛棒杆菌Corynebacterium cystitidis 膀胱炎棒杆菌Corynebacterium diphtheriae belfanti Corynebacterium diphtheriae gravis 重白喉棒杆菌Corynebacterium diphtheriae mitis 缓和白喉棒杆菌Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum 解葡萄糖苷Corynebacterium group F- 1 F-1群棒杆菌Corynebacterium group G G群棒杆菌Corynebacterium jeikeium 杰氏棒杆菌Corynebacterium kutscher 库氏棒杆菌Corynebacterium macginleyi 麦氏棒杆菌Corynebacterium minutissimum 极小棒杆菌Corynebacterium pilosum 多毛棒杆菌Corynebacterium propinquum 丙酸棒杆菌Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum 假白喉棒杆菌Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis 假结核棒杆菌Corynebacterium renale 牛肾盂炎棒杆菌Corynebacterium renale group 牛肾盂炎棒杆菌群Corynebacterium seminale 生殖棒杆菌Corynebacterium striatum 纹带棒杆菌Corynebacterium ulcerans 溃疡棒杆菌Corynebacterium urealyticum 解脲棒杆菌Cryptococcus albidus 浅白隐球酵母Cryptococcus humicola 土生隐球菌Cryptococcus humicolus 土生隐球酵母Cryptococcus laurentii 罗伦隐球酵母Cryptococcus neoformans 新型隐球酵母Cryptococcus terreus 地生隐球酵母Cryptococcus uniguttulatus 指甲隐球酵母Cryytococcus neoformans 白地霉DDebaryomyces polymorphus 多形德巴利酵母菌Dermabacter hominis 人皮肤杆菌Dermacoccus nishinomiyaensis 西宫皮肤球菌Dietzia spp 迪茨菌属某些种EEdwardsiella hoshinae 保科爱德华菌Edwardsiella tarda 迟钝爱德华菌Eikenella corrodens 啮蚀艾肯菌Enterobacter aerogenes 产气肠杆菌Enterobacter amnigenus 河生肠杆菌Enterobacter asburiae 阿氏肠杆菌Enterobacter cancerogenus 生癌肠杆菌Enterobacter cloacae 阴沟肠杆菌Enterobacter gergoviae 日沟维肠杆菌Enterobacter intermedius 中间肠杆菌Enterobacter sakazakii 阪崎肠杆菌Enterobacter spp 肠杆菌属某些种Enterococcus avium 鸟肠球菌Enterococcus casselifavus 铅黄肠球菌Enterococcus durans 耐久肠球菌Enterococcus faecalis 粪肠球菌Enterococcus faecium 屎肠球菌Enterococcus gallinarum 鹑鸡肠球菌Enterococcus hirae 海氏肠球菌Enterococcus saccharolyticus 解糖肠球菌Erwinia spp 欧文菌属某些种Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae 猪红斑丹毒丝菌Escherichia coli 大肠埃希菌Escherichia fergusonii 费格森埃希菌Escherichia hermannii 赫氏埃希菌Escherichia vulneris 伤口埃希菌Eubacterium aerofaciens 产气真杆菌Eubacterium lentum 迟缓真杆菌Eubacterium limosum 粘液真杆菌Ewingella americana 美洲爱文菌FFlavimonas oryzihabitans 栖稻黄色单胞菌Fusobacterium mortiferum 死亡梭杆菌Fusobacterium necrogenes 坏疽梭杆菌Fusobacterium necrophorum 坏死梭杆菌Fusobacterium nucleatum 具核梭杆菌Fusobacterium varium 可变梭杆菌GGardnerella vaginalis 阴道加德纳氏菌Gemella haemolysans 溶血孪生球菌Gemella mobillorum 麻疹孪生球菌Geotrichum candidum 白地霉Geotrichum capitatum 头状地霉Geotrichum penicillatum 帚状地霉Gordona spp 戈登菌属某些种HHaemophilus aphrophilus 嗜沫嗜血杆菌Haemophilus influenzae 流感嗜血杆菌Haemophilus influenzae I 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅰ型Haemophilus influenzae II 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅱ型Haemophilus influenzae III 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅲ型Haemophilus influenzae IV 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅳ型Haemophilus influenzae V 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅴ型Haemophilus influenzae VI 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅵ型Haemophilus influenzae VII 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅶ型Haemophilus influenzae VIII 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅷ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae 副流感嗜血杆菌Haemophilus parainfluenzae I 副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅰ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae II 副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅱ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae III 副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅲ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae IV 副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅳ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae V 副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅴ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae VI 副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅵ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae VII 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅶ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae VIII 副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅷ型Haemophilus paraphrophilus 副嗜沫嗜血杆菌Haemophilus somnus 睡眠嗜血杆菌Hafinia alvei 蜂房哈夫尼亚菌Hansenula polymorpha 多形汉逊酵母Hansenula saturnus 土星汉逊酵母Helicobacter cinaedi 同性恋螺杆菌Helicobacter fennelliae 芬纳尔螺杆菌Helicobacter pylori 幽门螺杆菌KKlebsiella ornithinolytica 解鸟氨酸克雷伯菌Klebsiella oxytoca 产酸克雷伯菌Klebsiella planticola 植生克雷伯菌Klebsiella pneumonia ozaenae 肺炎克雷伯菌臭鼻亚种Klebsiella pneumonia rhinoscleromatis 肺炎克雷伯菌鼻硬结亚种Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumoniae 肺炎克雷伯菌肺炎亚种Klebsiella terrigena 土生克雷伯菌Kloeckera apiculata 柠檬克勒克酵母Kloeckera apis 蜜蜂克勒克酵母Kloeckera japonica 日本克勒克酵母Kloeckera spp 克勒克酵母某些种Kluyvera ascorbata 抗坏血酸克吕沃尔菌Kluyvera cryocrescens 栖冷克吕沃尔菌Kluyvera spp 克吕沃尔菌属某些种Kluyvera terrigena 土生克雷伯菌Kocuria kristinae 克氏库克菌Kocuria roseus (=Micrococcus roseus) 玫瑰色库克菌（=玫瑰色微球菌）Kocuria varians (=Micrococcus varians) 变异库克菌（=变异微球菌）Koserella trabulsii 特氏科泽菌Kytococcus sedentaruis 不动盖球菌LLactobacillus acidophilus 嗜酸乳杆菌Lactobacillus fermentium 发酵乳杆菌Lactobacillus jensenii 詹氏乳杆菌Lactococcus garvieae 格氏乳球菌Lactococcus lactis cremoris 乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种Lactococcus lactis lactis 乳酸乳球菌乳亚种Lactococcus raffinolactis 棉子糖乳球菌Leclercia adcarboxglata 非脱羧勒克菌Leptotrichia buccalis 口腔纤毛菌Leuconostoc spp 明串珠菌属某些种Listeria grayi 格氏利斯特菌Listeria innocua 无害利斯特菌Listeria ivanovii 伊氏利斯特菌Listeria ivanovii 依氏利斯特菌Listeria monocytogenes 单核细胞增生利斯特菌Listeria seeligeri 斯氏利斯特菌Listeria spp 利斯特菌属某些种Listeria welshimeri 威氏利斯特菌Listeria welshimeri 魏氏利斯特菌Luconostoc spp 明串珠菌属某些种MMicrobacterium spp 微小杆菌属某些种Micrococcus luteus 滕黄微球菌Micrococcus lylae 莱拉微球菌Micrococcus lylae 里拉微球菌Micrococcus spp 微球菌属某些种Mobiluncus curtisii 克氏动弯杆菌Mobiluncus mulieris 羞怯动弯杆菌Mobiluncus spp 动弯杆菌属某些种Moellerella spp 米勒菌属某些种Moellerella wisconsensis 威斯康星米勒菌Moraxella lacunata 腔隙莫拉菌Moraxella nonliquefaciens 非液化莫拉菌Moraxella osloensis 奥斯陆莫拉菌Moraxella spp 莫拉菌属某些种Morganella morganii 摩氏摩根菌NNeisseria cinerea 灰色奈瑟球菌Neisseria gonorrhoeae 淋病奈瑟球菌Neisseria lactamica 乳糖奈瑟球菌Neisseria meningitidis 脑膜炎奈瑟球菌Neisseria mucosa 粘液奈瑟球菌Neisseria polysaccharea 多糖奈瑟球菌Neisseria sicca 干燥奈瑟球菌Neisseria spp 奈瑟菌属某些种Neisseria subflava 微黄奈瑟球菌Nocardia spp 奴卡菌属某些种OOchrobactrum anthropi 人苍白杆菌Oerskovia spp 厄氏菌属某些种Oerskovia xanthineolytica 溶黄嘌呤厄菌Oligella ureolytica 解脲寡源杆菌Oligella urethralis 尿道寡源杆菌PPantoea spp 泛菌属某些种Pasteurella aerogenes 产气巴斯德菌Pasteurella gr.EF4 巴斯德菌群EF4Pasteurella haemolytica 溶血巴斯德菌Pasteurella multocida 多杀巴斯德菌Pasteurella pneumotropica 侵肺巴斯德菌Pasteurella spp 巴斯德菌属某些种Peptococcus niger 黑色消化球菌Peptostreptococcus anaerobius 厌氧消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus 不解糖消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus indolicus 产吲哚消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus indolicus 吲哚消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus magnus 大消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus micros 微小消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus prevotii 普氏消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus spp 消化链球菌属某些种Photobacterium damsela 美人鱼发光杆菌Pichia carsonii 卡氏毕赤酵母Pichia etchellsii 埃切毕赤酵母Pichia farinosa 粉状毕赤酵母Pichia ohmeri 奥默毕赤酵母Pichia spartinae 斯巴达克毕赤酵母Plesimonas shigelloides 类志贺邻单胞菌Porphyromonas asaccharolytica 不解糖卟啉单胞菌Porphyromonas endodontalis 牙髓卟啉单胞菌Porphyromonas gingivalis 牙龈卟啉单胞菌Prevotella bivia 二路普雷沃尔菌Prevotella buccae 颊普雷沃菌Prevotella buccalis 口颊普雷沃菌Prevotella denticola 栖牙普雷沃菌Prevotella disiens 解糖胨普雷沃菌Prevotella intermedia 中间普雷沃菌Prevotella loescheii 洛氏普雷沃菌Prevotella melaninogenica 产黑色普雷沃菌Prevotella oralis 口腔普雷沃菌Prevotella oris(=Bacteroides oris) 口普雷沃菌(=口拟杆菌) Propionibacterium acnes 疮疱丙酸杆菌Propionibacterium avidum 贪婪丙酸杆菌Propionibacterium granulosum 颗粒丙酸杆菌Propionibacterium propionicum 丙酸丙酸杆菌Proteus mirabilis 奇异变形杆菌Proteus penneri 彭氏变形杆菌Proteus vuigaris 普通变形杆菌Prototheca wickerhamii 魏氏原壁菌Providencia alcalifaciens 产碱普罗威登斯菌Providencia rettgeri 雷氏普罗威登斯菌Providencia rustigianii 拉氏普罗威登斯菌Providencia stuartii 斯氏普罗威登斯菌Providencia stuartii/ alcalifaciens 司氏/产碱普罗威登斯菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa 铜绿假单胞菌Pseudomonas alcaligenes 产碱假单胞菌Pseudomonas fluorescens 荧光假单胞菌Pseudomonas mendocina 门多萨假单胞菌Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes 假产碱假单胞菌Pseudomonas putida 恶臭假单胞菌Pseudomonas spp 假单胞菌属某些种Pseudomonas sputita 恶臭假单胞菌Pseudomonas stutzeri 施氏假单胞菌Pseudomonsa aeruginosa 铜绿假单胞菌Pseudomonsa fluorescens 荧光假单胞菌Pseudomonsa pseudomallei 类鼻疽假单胞菌Pseudomonsa putida 恶臭假单胞菌Pseudomonsa spp 假单胞菌属某些种RRahnella aquatilis 水生拉恩菌Rhodococcus spp 红球菌属某些种Rhodotorula glutinis 红酵母Rhodotorula glutinis 粘红酵母Rhodotorula minuta 小红酵母Rhodotorula mucilaginosa 粘质红酵母Rothia dentocariosa 龋齿罗菌SSaccharomyces cerevisiae 酿酒酵母Saccharomyces kluyverii 克鲁费酵母Salmonella arizonae 亚利桑那沙门菌Salmonella choleraesuis 猪霍乱沙门菌Salmonella enteritidis 肠炎沙门菌Salmonella gallinarum 鸡沙门菌Salmonella paratyphi A 甲型副伤寒沙门菌Salmonella paratyphi B 乙型副伤寒沙门菌Salmonella pullorum 鸡白痢沙门菌Salmonella spp 沙门菌属某些种Salmonella typhi 伤寒沙门菌Salmonella typhimurium 鼠伤寒沙门菌Serratia ficaria 无花果沙雷菌Serratia fonticola 居泉沙雷菌Serratia liquefaciens 液化沙雷菌Serratia marcescens 粘质沙雷菌Serratia odorifera 气味沙雷菌Serratia odorifera 1 气味沙雷菌1型Serratia odorifera 2 气味沙雷菌2型Serratia plymuthica 普城沙雷菌Serratia proteamaculans 变形斑沙雷菌Serratia putrefaciens 腐败沙雷菌Serratia rubidaea 深红沙雷菌Shewanella putrefaciens 腐败希瓦菌Shigella bogdii 鲍氏志贺菌Shigella dysenteriae 痢疾志贺菌Shigella flexneri 弗氏志贺菌Shigella sonnei 索氏志贺菌Shigella spp 志贺菌属某些种Sphingobacterium multivorum 多食鞘氨醇杆菌Sphingobacterium Spiritivovum 嗜神鞘氨醇杆菌Sphingobacterium spiritovorum 食神鞘氨醇杆菌Sphingomonas paucimobilis 少动鞘氨醇单胞菌Sporobolomyces salmonicolor 赭色掷孢酵母Staphylococcus arlettae 阿尔莱特葡萄球菌Staphylococcus aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus auricularis 耳葡萄球菌Staphylococcus capitis 头状葡萄球菌Staphylococcus caprae 山羊葡萄球菌Staphylococcus carnosus 肉葡萄球菌Staphylococcus chromogenes 产色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus cohnii cohnii 科氏葡萄球菌科氏亚种Staphylococcus cohnii urealyticum 科氏葡萄球菌解脲亚种Staphylococcus epidermidis 表皮葡萄球菌Staphylococcus equorum 马胃葡萄球菌Staphylococcus gallinarum 鸡葡萄球菌Staphylococcus haemolyticus 溶血葡萄球菌Staphylococcus hominis 人葡萄球菌Staphylococcus hyicus 猪葡萄球菌Staphylococcus intermedius 中间葡萄球菌Staphylococcus kloosii 克氏葡萄球菌Staphylococcus lentus 缓慢葡萄球菌Staphylococcus lugdunensis 路邓葡萄球菌Staphylococcus saccharolylicus 解糖葡萄球菌Staphylococcus saprophyticus 腐生葡萄球菌Staphylococcus schleiferi 施氏葡萄球菌Staphylococcus sciuri 松鼠葡萄球菌Staphylococcus simulans 模仿葡萄球菌Staphylococcus warneri 沃氏葡萄球菌Staphylococcus xylosus 木糖葡萄球菌Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 嗜麦寡养食单胞菌Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌Stomatococcus mucilaginosus 粘滑口腔球菌Streptococcus acidominimus 少酸链球菌Streptococcus agalactiae 无乳链球菌Streptococcus alactolyticus 非解乳糖链球菌Streptococcus anginosus 咽峡炎链球菌Streptococcus bovis I 牛链球菌Ⅰ型Streptococcus bovis II 牛链球菌Ⅱ型Streptococcus canis 狗链球菌Streptococcus constellatus 星座链球菌Streptococcus downei 汗毛链球菌Streptococcus dysgalactiae 停乳链球菌停乳亚种Streptococcus dysgalactiae equlsimilis 停乳链球菌似马亚种Streptococcus equi equi 马链球菌马亚种Streptococcus equi zooepidemicus 马链球菌兽瘟亚种Streptococcus equinus 马肠链球菌Streptococcus gordonii 格氏链球菌Streptococcus gr L L群链球菌Streptococcus intermadius 中间链球菌Streptococcus mitis 缓症链球菌Streptococcus mutans 变异链球菌Streptococcus oralis 口腔链球菌Streptococcus parasanguis 副血链球菌Streptococcus penumoniae 肺炎链球菌Streptococcus porcinus 豕链球菌Streptococcus pyogenes 化脓链球菌Streptococcus salivarius salivarius 唾液链球菌唾液亚种Streptococcus salivarius thermophilus 唾液链球菌嗜热亚种Streptococcus sanguis 血链球菌Streptococcus sobrinus 表兄链球菌Streptococcus suis I 猪链球菌Ⅰ型Streptococcus suis II 猪链球菌Ⅱ型Streptococcus uberis 乳房链球菌Streptococcus vestibularis 前庭链球菌TTatumella ptyseos 痰塔特姆菌Trichosporon asahii 阿氏丝孢酵母Trichosporon asteroides 星状丝孢酵母Trichosporon inkin 墨汁丝孢酵母Trichosporon mucoides 粘性丝孢酵母Trichosporon ovoides 卵形丝孢酵母Trichosporon spp 丝孢酵母某些种VVeillonella parvula 小韦荣球菌Veillonella spp 韦荣氏球菌属某些种Versinia enterocolitica 小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌Versinia pseudotuberculosis 假结核耶尔森菌Vibrio alginolyiicus 解藻朊酸弧菌Vibrio cholerae 霍乱弧菌Vibrio fluvialis 弗氏弧菌Vibrio fluvialis 河流孤菌Vibrio hollisae 霍氏弧菌Vibrio metschnikovi 梅氏弧菌Vibrio mimicus 最小弧菌Vibrio parahaemolyticus 副溶血弧菌Vibrio vulnficus 创伤弧菌WWeeksella virosa 有毒威克斯菌Weeksella zoohelcum 动物溃疡威克斯菌YYersinia enterocolitica 小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌Yersinia frederiksenii 弗氏耶尔森菌Yersinia intermedia 中间耶尔森菌Yersinia kristensenii 克氏耶尔森菌Yersinia pestis 鼠疫耶尔森菌Yersinia pseudotuberculosis 假结核耶尔森菌Yersinia ruckeri 鲁氏耶尔森菌ZZygosaccharomyces spp 接合酵母属某些种。
微生物学英文单词材料
Microorganism/Microbe微生物微生物学MicrobiologyPasteur 巴斯德细菌Bacteria古生菌（Archaea)细菌(Bacteria)真核生物(Eukaryotes)真核微生物Eukaryotic microorganisms 病毒（Virus）球菌coccus杆菌bacillus螺旋菌spirilla革兰氏阳性细菌 Gram positive bacteria) 革兰氏阴性细菌 Gram negative bacteria) Actinomycetes(放线菌)Yeast(酵母菌)Molds(霉菌)Culture dish/Petri dish(平皿)Shake Flask （三角瓶）Fermentor（发酵罐）菌落 colony平板plateInoculation （接种）Luise Pasteur（巴斯德）Robert Koch（柯赫）Cell wall(细胞壁)Cytoplasmic membrane细胞质膜Cytoplasm（细胞质）蓝细菌CyanobacteriaNuclear region(核区）Inclusion body(内含物)Glycocalyx(糖被）Flagella (鞭毛)Spore (芽孢)Pili(性毛)Fimbria(菌毛)Gram stain （革兰氏染色）脂多糖 (LPS)球状体（sphaeroplast）原生质体（protoplast）支原体（mycoplasma）Cytoplasmic membrane Cytoplasm贮藏物（Reserve materials）核糖体（Ribosome）质粒（plasmid）芽孢（Spore）鞭毛（Flagella）Fungi（真菌）菌丝体mycelium类病毒（Viroid）朊病毒(prion)噬菌体p h a g e病毒v i r u sNutrition(营养)Nutrient(营养物)Source of carbon （碳源）Source of Nitrogen （氮源）Inorganic salt（无机盐）Growth factor（生长因子）Water（水分）Energy source（能源）Source of carbon （碳源）Source of Nitrogen （氮源)Inorganic salt（无机盐）Growth factor（生长因子)Energy source（能源）Culture medium培养基呼吸respiration无氧呼吸anaerobic respiration发酵fermentation连续培养 continuous culture分批培养batch culture生长曲线growth curve纯培养(Pure culture)灭菌（sterilization）消毒（disinfection）抗生素antibiotics转化transformation转导transduction接合conjugation,mating诱变剂mutagen基因突变 gene mutation营养缺陷型auxotroph原养型prototroph野生型wild type菌种 culture或stock culture菌种保藏 preservation 或conservation或者maintenance疫苗vaccine防腐（antisepsis）化疗(chemotherapy) 艾姆斯试验法Ames test基因工程 Gene Engineering试熟记以下最基本的微生物学名：（1）细菌Bacillus subtilis[枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis（苏云金芽孢杆菌）E.coli [大肠（埃希氏）杆菌]，Rhizobium（根瘤菌）Staphalococcus aureus（金黄色葡萄球菌）（2）放线菌Actinomyces 放线菌Streptomyces griseus（灰色链霉菌）。
Microbiology微生物学分类相关中英文对照
Microbiology微生物学分类相关中英文对照Microbiology 微生物学分类相关中英文对照微生物学microbiology病毒学virology噬菌体学bacteriophagology细菌学bacteriology鉴定细菌学determinative bacteriology系统细菌学systematic bacteriology真菌学mycology原生生物学protistology原生动物学protozoology普通微生物学general microbilogy微生物分类学microbial taxonomy微生物生理学microbial physiology微生物生物化学microbial biochemistry 微生物遗传学microbial genetics微生物生态学microbial ecology古微生物学paleomicrobiology土壤微生物学soil microbiology水生微生物学aquatic microbiology海洋微生物学marine microbiology悉生生物学gnotobiology医学微生物学medical microbiology兽医微生物学veterinary microbiology农业微生物学agricultural microbiology工业微生物学industrial microbiology石油微生物学petroleum microbiology食品微生物学food microbiology乳品微生物学diary microbiology瘤胃微生物学rumen microbiology诊断微生物学diagnostic microbiology病原学etiology国际微生物学会联合会International Union of Microbiological Societies, IUMS中国微生物学会Chinese Society for Microbiology, CSM世界培养物保藏协会World Federation for Culture Collection, WFCC中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms,CCCCM美国模式培养物保藏所American Type Culture Collection, ATCC 自然发生说，无生源说spontaneous generation, abiogenesis 原界urkingdom始祖生物progenote古始生物界archetista古细菌archaebacteria原生生物protista原生动物protozoan原生植物protophyte真核生物eukaryote原核生物prokaryote裂殖植物schizophyte微生物microorganism数值分类法numerical taxonomy模式目type order模式科type family模式属type genus模式种type species模式株type strain真菌fungi捕食真菌predacious fungi虫道真菌ambrosia fungi地下真菌hypogeal fungi虫生真菌entomogenous fungi 菌根真菌mycorrhizal fungi 木腐菌wood-decay fungi霉菌mold, mould半知菌imperfect fungi子囊菌ascomycetes粘菌slime mold, slime mould 壶菌chytrid卵菌oomycetes接合菌zygomycetes担子菌basidiomycetes核菌pyrenomycetes盘菌cup fungi块菌truffles锈菌rust fungi蘑菇mushrooms毒蘑菇poisonous mushroom酵母菌yeast无孢子酵母菌asporogenous yeasts 有孢子酵母菌sporogenous yeasts 黑粉菌smut fungi双态性真菌dimorphic fungi毛外癣菌ectothrix毛内癣菌endothrix完全真菌perfect fungi黑粉病smut disease锈病rust disease菌丝hypha菌髓trama假菌丝体pseudomycelium气生菌丝体aerial mycelium基内菌丝体substrate mycelium球拍状菌丝体racquet mycelium结节状菌丝nodular mycelium梳状菌丝pectinafe mycelium螺旋菌丝spiral mycelium匍匐菌丝stolon次生菌丝体secondary mycelium有隔菌丝septate hypha无隔菌丝nonseptate hypha生殖菌丝体reproductive mycelium 营养菌丝体vegetative mycelium不育菌丝体sterile mycelium菌丝体mycelium黄癣菌丝favic chandelier mycelium 产囊丝ascogenous hypha 产囊体ascogonium原植体thallus粘菌体aethalium合胞体syncytium虫菌体hyphal body盾状体clypeus子实体fruiting body产孢体gleba子实层体hymenophore 子实层hymenium子实下层subhymenium 菌丝层subiculum菌丝段hyphal fragment 菌丝束coremium菌丝索funiculus菌核sclerotium器菌核pycnosclerotium 菌环annulus菌裙indusium菌盖pileus顶体apicle藏卵器oogonium雄器antheridium[锈菌]性孢子器pycnium锈子器aecium精子器spermogonium囊状体cystidium粉孢子梗oidiophore小梗sterigma接合孢子柄zygosporophore 孢囊柄sporangiophore 配囊柄suspensor孢子梗sporophore分生孢子梗conidiophore雄器柄androphore帚状枝penicillus瓶梗phialide梗基metulae芽孔germ pore芽管germ tube芽缝germ slit孢丝capillitium周丝periphysis类周丝periphysoid侧丝paraphysis拟侧丝pseudoparaphysis类侧丝paraphysoid[孢子]外壁exosporium外生菌根ectomycorrhiza内生菌根endomycorrhiza内外生菌根ectendomycorrhiza泡囊丛枝菌根vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza刺突spike弹丝elater刚毛seta微体microbody泡囊vesicle隔膜septum假隔膜pseudoseptum分生孢子盘acervulus分生孢子座sporodochium 精子团spermatium囊基膜hypothallus囊层基hypothecium囊层被epithecium囊间丝hamathecium囊托apophysis囊领collarette囊轴columella孔口ostiole菌托volva孢子角cirrus孢子球spore ball孢子印spore print聚簇cluster[菌丝]融合anastomosis [孢子]切落abjunction [孢子]缢断abstriction多态[现象] polymorphism 缢缩[作用] constriction 粉孢子oidium孢子spore厚壁孢子chlamydospore 环痕孢子annellospore节孢子arthrospore卷旋孢子helicospore腊肠形孢子allantospore孔出孢子porospore星形孢子staurospore线形孢子scolecospore砖格孢子dictyospore侧生孢子aleuriospore芽生孢子blastospore瓶梗孢子phialospore无梗孢子thallospore分生孢子conidium大分生孢子macroconidium 小分生孢子microconidium 节分生孢子arthroconidium 芽分生孢子blastoconidium 器孢子pycnidiospore无隔孢子amerospore双胞孢子didymospore多隔孢子phragmospore休眠孢子hypnospore顶生孢子acrospore顶生厚壁孢子fuseau内分生孢子endoconidium担孢子basidiospore双孢担孢子dispore同形孢子isospore柄生孢子stylospore[锈菌]性孢子pycniospore产雄器孢子androspore夏孢子urediniospore, aeciospore 冬孢子teliospore四分孢子tetraspore粘孢子myxospore多核孢子coenospore孢囊孢子sporangiospore子囊孢子ascospore多核细胞coenocyte分生孢子果conidiocarp分生孢子器pycnidium孢[子]囊sporangium柱孢子囊merosporangium四分孢子囊tetrasporangium原孢子囊prosporangium多核孢子囊coenosporangium 休眠孢子囊hypnosporangium 子囊ascus接合孢子zygospore拟接合孢子azygospore原囊壁子囊prototunicate ascus 单囊壁子囊unitunicate ascus 双囊壁子囊bitunicate ascus子囊果ascocarp子囊壳perithecium闭囊壳cleistothecium闭囊果cleistocarp盘状子囊果discocarp孢囊果sporangiocarp [接]合子zygote单性合子azygote多核合子coenozygote异形合子heterozygote合子核zygotonucleus游动合子planozygote担子basidium半担子hemibasidium隔担子heterobasidium无隔担子holobasidium有隔担子phragmobasidium 内生担子endobasidium原担子protobasidium上担子epibasidium下担子hypobasidium同担子homobasidium担子果basidiocarp担子体basidiophore配子gamete原配子progamete雄配子androgamete雄核发育androgenesis同形配子isogamete异形配子heterogamete游动配子zoogamete多核配子coenogamete配子囊gametangium配子母细胞gametocyte同形配子囊isogametangium 原配子囊progametangium 小孢子囊sporangiole微包囊microcyst足细胞foot cell脚胞foot cell固着器holdfast附着枝hyphopodium吸盘sucker锁状细胞clamp cell锁状联合clamp connection 偶核细胞zeugite卵球oosphere卵质ooplasm孢原质sporoplasm卵配子oogamete卵孢子oospore球状胞sphaerocyst子囊腔locule子囊盘apothecium子囊座ascostroma缝裂壳hysterothecium下子座hypostroma包被peridium子座stroma壳心centrum拟包被pseudoperidium无融合生殖apomixis同宗配合homothallism准性生殖parasexuality异宗配合heterothallism同配生殖isogamy异配生殖heterogamy无配生殖apogamy配囊交配gametangial copulation 交配型mating type 全型holomorph夏孢子期uredostage冬孢子堆teleutosorus, telium 夏孢子堆uredinium子囊孢子形成ascosporulation 孢子形成sporulation 细菌bacteria薄壁[细]菌类gracilicutes硬壁[细]菌类fermicutes疵壁[细]菌类mendosicutes无壁[细]菌类tenericutes柔膜细菌mollicutes真细菌eubacteria暗细菌scotobacteria无氧光细菌anoxyphotobacteria 生氧光细菌oxyphotobacteria 放线菌actinomycetes螺[旋]菌spirilla粘细菌slime bacteria。
微生物学英汉双语对照
微生物学专业词汇英汉双语对照（生物科学专业用）Microorganism 微生物 Microbiology微生物学 Leeuwenhock列文虎克 Pasteur 巴斯德 Whittaker魏塔克 Koch 科赫Jenner琴纳 Fleming弗莱明 Florey佛罗理 Chain钱恩 Beijerinck贝哲林克 Stanley斯坦莱Lister 李斯特 coccus 球菌 rod杆菌 spirillum螺旋菌 vibrio弧菌Tetanus破伤风 Anthracnose炭疽病peptidoglycan肽聚糖protoplast原生质体spheroplast球形体bacterial L-form细菌L形 nucleoid拟核 flagellum鞭毛 capsule荚膜colony菌落 lawn菌苔 schizogenesis裂殖 algocyan藻蓝素 heterocyst异形胞Bacteria细菌Actinomycetes放线菌Rickettsia立克次氏体Chlamydozoan衣原体 mycoplasma支原体 cyanobacteria蓝细菌 yeast酵母菌mold霉菌 virus病毒 virion 病毒粒子budding芽殖 aflatoxin黄曲霉毒素septum隔膜 arthrospore节孢子conidium分生孢子 sporangiospore孢囊孢子plasmogamy质配 karyogamy核配 meiosis减数分裂 oospore卵孢子 zygospore 接合孢子 progametangium原配子囊 homothallism同宗接合 heterothallism 异宗接合 ascospore子囊孢子 ascocarp子囊果 ascus子囊 basidiospore担孢子Guarnieri’s body顾氏小体Negri’s body内基氏小体 X-body X体capsomere衣壳粒 capsid衣壳 multiplication增殖 phage噬菌体 plague噬菌斑rabies狂犬病burst size烈解量Water activity水的活度photoautotroph光能自养生物photoheterotroph光能异养生物chemoautotroph化能自养生物 chemoheterotroph化能异养生物 simple diffusion单纯扩散 facilitated diffusion促进扩散 active transport 主动运输 group translocation基团移位 medium培养基 solid medium固体培养基 liquid medium液体培养基 semisolid medium半固体培养基agar琼脂 potato dextrose agar medium PDA培养基 beef extract peptone medium肉膏蛋白胨培养基 Gause's No 1 synthetic medium高氏1号合成培养基 Czapek' s medium察氏培养基 malt extract medium麦芽汁培养基Ashby medium阿须贝培养基 eosin-methylene blue agar medium伊红美兰琼脂培养基 carbon source碳源 nitrogen source氮源 growth factor生长因子 mineral element 矿质元素 metabolism新陈代谢 amylase 淀粉酶 cellulase纤维素酶 ammonification氨化作用 proteinase蛋白酶extracellular enzyme胞外酶 intracellular enzyme胞内酶 fermentation 发酵pasteur effect巴斯德效应denitrification反硝化作用desulfurization反硫酸化作用 methanogen产甲烷细菌 nitrobacteria硝化细菌 nitrification硝化作用 nitrogen fixation固氮作用 nitrogenase 固氮酶 Mo-Fe-protein钼铁蛋白 Fe-protein铁蛋白 alcohol fermentation 酒精发酵 fermention of lactic acid乳酸发酵 acetic acid fermentation 醋酸发酵growth生长 growth curve生长曲线 lag phase延迟期 log phase 对数期 stationary phase稳定期 decline phase死亡期 synchronous cultivation同步培养 continuous cultivation连续培养 continuous fermentation连续发酵 antisepsis 防腐 disinfection消毒 sterilization 灭菌 boiling煮沸 incineration焚烧 baking烘烤 autoclaving高压灭菌autoclave高压锅 tyndallization间歇灭菌 pasteurization巴斯德消毒photoreactivation光复活作用 antimetabolites抗代谢物 antibiotic抗生素penicillin青霉素nystatin制霉菌素streptomycin链霉素sulfonamide磺胺inoculate接种ultraviolet紫外线dye 染料formaldehyde甲醛 Griffith格里菲斯 transformation转化 Hershey 侯喜Chase蔡斯 Fraenkel-Conrat法郎克-康勒特 Luria鲁里亚 replica plating 影印培养 Lederberg莱德伯格 mutagen诱变剂 donor供体 recipient受体 transduction转导 conjugation接合 plasmid质粒 gene engineering 基因工程 mycorrhiza菌根 ectomycorrhiza外生菌根 symbiosis共生lichen地衣 rumen瘤胃 parasitism寄生 antagonium拮抗 predation捕食 competition竞争 activated sludge活性污泥 coli-index大肠菌群指数 colititre大肠菌群值 infection传染 immunity免疫 toxin毒素exotoxin外毒素 endotoxin内毒素 toxoid类毒素 antitoxin抗毒素complement补体antigen抗原antibody抗体interferon干扰素immunoglobulin免疫球蛋白 natural active immunity自然自动免疫 natural passive immunity自然被动免疫 artificial active immunity人工自动免疫artificial passive immunity人工被动免疫 vaccine 疫苗 Strain 菌株。
微生物学英汉词汇
微生物学英汉词汇6-aminopenicillanic acid 6-氨基青霉烷酸adeno associated virus 腺伴随病毒agaricinic acid 蘑菇酸ambrosia fungi 虫道真菌Ames test 埃姆斯试验anaerobic chamber 厌氧培养室archaebacteria 古细菌archetista 古始生物界ascosporulation 子囊孢子形成asymbiotic nitrogen fixation 非共生固氮作用attenuatio 减毒作用autotrophic succession 自养演替axenic cultivation 纯性培养axenic culture 纯性培养物base-plate hub [噬菌体]基片插孔basidiospore 担孢子beef extract 牛肉膏biochemical medium 生化培养基biovar 生物变型cell line 细胞系clamp cell 锁状细胞cleistocarp 闭囊果coccus 球菌co-cultivation 协同培养commensalism 偏利共栖compensative eyepiece 补偿目镜complex symmetry 复合对称conditional lethal 条件致死conditional mutant 条件突变株continuous fermentation 连续发酵cord factor 索状因子corynebacteria 棒状菌cover glass 盖玻片culture transfering 移种dark-field 暗视野deep colony 深层菌落Differential interference contrast microscope, DICM [分辨]干涉差显微镜diphtheria toxin 白喉毒素diplococcus 双球菌discocarp 盘状子囊果drug susceptibility 药物敏感性dry heat sterilization 干热灭菌early genes [病毒]早期基因efficiency of plating 成斑效率enriched medium 滋养培养基enterovirus 肠道病毒epibasidium 上担子erythrogenic toxin 红斑毒素extreme bacteria 极端细菌fermentation capacity 发酵[能]力Fernbach flask 冯巴赫瓶fiber antigen [噬菌体]尾丝抗原food poisoning 食物中毒fractional cultivation 分部培养[法] germ-free animal 无菌动物germ-free plant 无菌植物Gram-positive bacteria 革兰氏阳性菌hanging drop method 悬滴法heat fixation 热固定hemagglutination inhibition 血凝抑制heterocyst 异形[囊]胞hexonmer,hexons [病毒]六邻体H-O variation H-O 变异homobasidium 同担子hydrogen sulfide production test 硫化氢试验hydrogenogens 产氢菌hymenium 子实层hyphal body 虫菌体immune adherence hemagglutination assay, IAHA免疫粘连血凝测定in vitro 体外inclusion body 包含体India-ink capsule staining 墨汁荚膜染色indole test 吲哚试验infectious dose 50%, ID 50 半感染剂量initial body [衣原体]始体inoculating needle 接种针inoculation hood 接种箱invert microscope 倒置显微镜isolation medium 分离培养基Koester's stain 柯斯特染料Lancefield's streptococcalgrouping test蓝氏链球菌分群试验leghaemoglobin 豆血红蛋白Leifson's flagella staining 赖夫松鞭毛染色lipopolysaccharides 脂多糖类Loeffler's methylene blue 吕氏甲烯蓝log phase 对数期Lugol's iodine solution 鲁戈氏碘液lysis inhibition [噬菌体]裂解阻抑lysogenic bacteria 溶原性细菌main fermentation 主发酵mesophilic bacteria 中温菌methanochondria 甲烷粒体microbial sensor 微生物传感器microbiology 微生物学microcyst 微包囊monotricha 单鞭毛菌mucoid colony 粘液型菌落muramic acid 胞壁酸mycoderm, pellicle [菌]醭negative strand 负链neurovirulence 神经毒力nitrogen fixation 固氮作用normal flora 正常菌群nutrient broth 营养肉汤O antigen 菌体抗原oil immersion objective 油浸物镜oligodynamic action 微[量]动[力]作用oomycetes 卵菌organotrophic bacteria 有机营养菌paleomicrobiology 古微生物学pantropic virus 泛嗜性病毒pathotype 致病型pentomer,pentons [病毒]五邻体peplomerbody 包膜突起perfringocin 产气荚膜梭菌素periplasmic space 壁膜间隙petroleum microbiology 石油微生物学phase contrast microscope 相差显微镜phenol coefficient 石炭酸系数phenotypic mixing 表型混杂photoheterotrophic bacteria 光能异养菌phycocyanobilin 藻蓝胆素phyllospheric microorganism 叶际微生物pilot protein [噬菌体]先导蛋白plate 平板plate streaking 平板划线pock assay 痘疱试验primary succession 原生演替prodigiosus toxin 灵菌毒素protophyte 原生植物prototunicate ascus 原囊壁子囊purple membrane 紫膜replica plating 影印培养法resistance factor 抗药因子resolving power 分辨率resting cell 静息细胞rhizospheric microorganism 根际微生物rod 杆菌rust fungi 锈菌satellite virus 卫星病毒secondary succession 次生演替seta 刚毛shallow tray fermentation 浅盘发酵sheathed bacteria 鞘细菌single cell protein, SCP 单细胞蛋白singly embedded virus 单粒包埋型病毒slime layer 粘液层smooth type 光滑型smut fungi 黑粉菌spreading factor 扩散因子stab culture 穿刺培养物stationary phase 稳定期stroma 子座tail fiber [噬菌体]尾丝thermal death point 热[致]死点thermophilric bacteria 耐热细菌tissue culture 组织培养top fermentation 上面发酵trichome [细菌]毛状体Triphenyl tetrazolium chloridemethod, TTCM氯化三苯基四氮唑法tuberculin unit, TU 结核菌素单位uredostage 夏孢子期vaccinetherapy, vaccinotherapy 菌苗疗法valinomycin, aminomycin 缬氨霉素veterinary microbiology 兽医微生物学X factor X 因子X-body X体yeast like colony 类酵母型菌落α-inhibitor[流感病毒]α抑制物] auxanography 生长谱测定[法]50% lethal dose, LD 50 半数致死量50% tissue culture infective dose, TCID 50 半数组织培养感染量7-aminocephalosporinic acid 7-氨基头孢菌酸abjunction [孢子]切落ablastin 抑殖素abortin 流产菌素abstriction [孢子]缢断acervulus 分生孢子盘acetification 醋化作用acetogen 产乙酸菌achromatic lens 消色差透镜acid-fast staining 抗酸细菌染色法acidification 酸化作用acidophilic bacteria 嗜酸菌aclacinomycin 阿克拉霉素acrospore 顶生孢子actidione, cycloheximide 放线酮actinomycetes 放线菌actinomycin 放线菌素activated sludge 活性污泥active dry yeast 活性干酵母adenovirus 腺病毒adhesin 粘附素adriamycin 阿霉素aeciospore 锈孢子aecium 锈子器aerial mycelium 气生菌丝体aerobe 需氧菌aerobic cultivation 需氧培养aerobic respiration 需氧呼吸aerobiosis 需氧生活aerogen 产气菌aerotaxis 趋氧性aerotorelant bacteria 耐氧菌aethalium 粘菌体aflatoxin 黄曲霉毒素agar 琼脂agar plate 琼脂平板agar slant 琼脂斜面agarfitine 伞菌氨酸agaricin 蘑菇素aggressin 攻击素aggressivity 攻击力aging 陈酿化agricultural microbiology 农业微生物学agrobacteriocin 土壤杆菌素akinete 静息孢子Albert's staining 阿氏染色aleuriospore 侧生孢子algocyan, leucocyan 藻蓝素allantospore 腊肠形孢子allelopathic substances 异株克生物质allelopathy 异种克生[现象] allophycocyanin 别藻蓝素ambutyrosin 氨丁苷菌素amensalism 偏害共栖American Type CultureCollection, ATCC美国模式培养物保藏所amerospore 无隔孢子ammonification 氨化作用amphitrichate 两端单[鞭]毛菌amphitrophy 兼性营养amphotericin 两性霉素amylo process 阿明露法anaerobe 厌氧菌anaerobic cultivation 厌氧培养anaerobic digestion 厌氧消化anaerobic respiration 厌氧呼吸anaerobiosis 厌氧生活anaerogen 不产气菌anamorph 无性型anastomosis [菌丝]融合androgamete 雄配子androgenesis 雄核发育androphore 雄器柄androspore 产雄器孢子annellospore 环痕孢子annulus 菌环anoxyphotobacteria 无氧光细菌ansamitocin 安丝菌素antagonism 拮抗作用anthelmycin 抗蠕霉素antheridium 雄器antibacterial agent 抗菌剂antibiotic 抗生素antibiotic spectrum 抗生谱antidiphtheric serum 抗白喉血清antifoam agent 消泡剂antifungal agent 抗真菌剂antigenic drift 抗原性漂移antigenic shift 抗原性转变antilysin 抗溶[菌]素antimetabolites 抗代谢物antimicrobial agent 抗微生物剂antimycin 抗霉素antisepsis 防腐antiseptic 防腐剂antiserum 抗血清antitoxin 抗毒素apex [噬菌体]顶体apical capsomere [噬菌体]顶部壳粒apicle 顶体aplasmomycin 除疟霉素apochromatic lens 全消色差透镜apogamy 无配生殖apomixis 无融合生殖apophysis 囊托apothecium 子囊盘appendage [菌体]附器apramycin 阿泊拉霉素aquatic microbiology 水生微生物学arbovirus 虫媒病毒Arnold steam sterilizor 流通蒸汽灭菌器arthroconidium 节分生孢子arthrospore 节孢子ascocarp 子囊果ascogenous hypha 产囊丝ascogonium 产囊体ascomycetes 子囊菌ascospore 子囊孢子ascostroma 子囊座ascus 子囊aseptic technique 无菌操作aspergillin 曲霉菌素aspertoxin 曲霉毒素asporogenous yeasts 无孢子酵母菌assembly [病毒]装配assimilation 同化作用associated virus 伴随病毒attenuated strain 减毒株autoclave 高压灭菌器autoclaving 高压灭菌autoinoculation 自身接种autolysin 自溶素autolysis 自溶[现象] automatic airlock 自动气锁autotrophic bacteria 自养菌autotrophy 自养autovaccine 自身疫苗autovaccine 自身菌苗auxanogram 生长谱auxotroph 营养缺陷型avermectin 除虫菌素axial filament 轴丝azotogen 固氮菌剂azygospore 拟接合孢子azygote 单性合子bacitracin 杆菌肽bacteremia 菌血症bacteria 细菌bacterial colony counter 菌落计数器bacterial vaccine 菌苗bacterial virulence 细菌毒力bactericide 杀细菌剂bactericidin 杀[细]菌素bacteriochlorophyll [细]菌[叶]绿素bacteriocin 细菌素bacterioerythrin 菌红素bacteriofluorescein 细菌荧光素bacteriology 细菌学bacteriolysis 溶菌作用bacteriolytic reaction 溶[细]菌反应bacteriophage 噬菌体bacteriophage typing 噬菌体分型bacteriophagology 噬菌体学bacteriopurpurin 菌紫素bacteriorhodopsin [细菌]紫膜质bacteriosome 细菌小体bacteriostasis 抑菌作用bacteriostat 抑菌剂bacteriotoxin 细菌毒素bacteriotropin 亲菌素bacteroid 类菌体ballistospore 掷孢子barophilic bacteria 嗜压菌base-plate fibril [噬菌体]基片丝base-plate wedge [噬菌体]基片楔突basic medium 基础培养基basidiocarp 担子果basidiomycetes 担子菌basidiophore 担子体basidium 担子batch cultivation 分批培养batch fermentation [罐]批发酵BCG vaccine 卡介苗bean sprouts medium 豆芽汁培养基beef broth 牛肉汁bicyclomycin 双环霉素binary fission 二分分裂binocular microscope 双目显微镜bioassay 生物测定bioconversion 生物转化biogas 沼气biological control 生物防治biological products 生物制品biomass 生物量biomass 生物质biosphere 生物圈biotype 生物型biphasic cultivation 双相培养bipolar staining 两极染色bitunicate ascus 双囊壁子囊blasticidin 杀稻瘟素blastoconidium 芽分生孢子blastospore 芽生孢子bleomycin 博来霉素blind passage 盲传blooms 水华bottom fermentation 下面发酵bottom yeast 下面酵母bran koji 麸曲brewing 酿造brewing technique 酿造技术bright field microscope 明视野显微镜broth cultivation 肉汤培养broth culture 肉汤培养物brucellin 布氏菌素budding 芽殖burst size [噬菌体]裂解量butirosin, butyrosin 丁苷菌素candicidin 杀假丝菌素candle jar 烛罐capillitium 孢丝capreomycin, capromycin 卷曲霉素capsid [病毒]壳体capsomer, capsomere [病毒]壳粒capsule 荚膜carbol fuchsin 石炭酸品红carbon balance 碳平衡carboxydotrophic bacteria 一氧化碳营养菌carminomycin 洋红霉素carotenoids 类葫萝卜素carrier 带[病]毒者carrier 带菌者carrier phage 载体噬菌体carriomycin 腐霉素casamino acids[水解]酪蛋白氨基酸caulobacteria 柄细菌cedar oil 香柏油celesticetin 天青菌素cell strain 细胞株cellulase 纤维素酶central spore 中生芽孢centrum 壳心cephalosporin 头孢菌素cephalotricha 单端丛[鞭]毛菌chemoautotrophic bacteria 化能自养菌chemoautotrophy 化能自养chemoheterotrophic bacteria 化能异养菌chemolithotrophic bacteria 化能无机营养菌chemolithotrophy 化能无机营养chemoorganotrophic bacteria 化能有机营养菌chemoorganotrophy 化能有机营养chemostat 恒化器chemotaxis 趋化性chemotherapy 化学疗法chemotrophy 化能营养chemotropism 向化性chemotype 化学型chemovar 化学变型China Committee for CultureCollection of Microorganisms,中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会CCCCMChinese Society forMicrobiology, CSM 中国微生物学会chlamydia 衣原体chlamydospore 厚壁孢子chloromycetin, chloramphenicol 氯霉素chloroteracycline, aureomycin 金霉素chromatophore 载色体chromogenic bacteria 产色细菌chromomycin 色霉素chuangxinmycin 创新霉素Chu-inhibitor ,β－inhibitor [流感病毒]朱氏抑制物chytrid 壶菌cirrus 孢子角clamp connection 锁状联合clavulanic acid 棒酸cleistothecium 闭囊壳climax community 顶极群落clindamycin 氯林肯霉素clitocybine 杯伞素clone 克隆closed growth system 封闭生长系统cluster 聚簇clypeus 盾状体coagulase 凝固酶coagulase factor 凝固酶因子coccobacillus 球杆菌cococarde 半透明型突变噬斑coenocyte 多核细胞coenogamete 多核配子coenosporangium 多核孢子囊coenospore 多核孢子coenozygote 多核合子coenzyme M 辅酶Mco-immobilization 共固定化作用colicin, colicine 大肠菌素colicinogenic factor 大肠杆菌素生成因子coliform group 大肠菌类coli-index 大肠[杆]菌指数colistin 粘菌素colititre 大肠[杆]菌值collar [噬菌体]颈部collarette 囊领colony 菌落colony forming units, CFU 菌落形成单位columella 囊轴combined vaccine 联合疫苗companions 伴生种compatibility 相容性competence 感受态competition 兢争[共栖] complementation 互补complete medium 完全培养基concatemer [噬菌体]串联体concave slide 凹玻片conditioned pathogen 条件致病菌conidiocarp 分生孢子果conidiophore 分生孢子梗conidium 分生孢子conjugate division [噬菌体]接合分裂conjugation 接合[作用] connector [噬菌体]颈圈consortium 聚生体constriction 缢缩[作用] contaminant 污染物contamination 污染continuous cultivation 连续培养continuous sterilization 连续灭菌cooked meat medium 庖肉培养基coprinin 鬼伞菌素cordycepin 蛹虫草菌素core [噬菌体]髓部core 核心coremium 菌丝束cortex [芽孢]皮层cortinellin 香菇菌素cosmid 粘粒counterstaining 对染[法]critical killing dilution 临界杀菌浓度cross reactivation 交叉复活cryopreservation 深低温保藏[法]cryptic prophage 隐性前噬菌体cryptobiosis 隐生现象cubical symmetry 立体对称cultivation 培养culture 培养物culture flask 培养瓶cup fungi 盘菌curing [噬菌体]自愈cyanobacteria 蓝细菌cyanophycin 藻青素cyanophycin granule 藻青素颗粒cycloserine 环丝氨酸cyclosporin 环孢菌素cylinder plate method 杯碟法cystidium 囊状体cytochalasin 松胞菌素cytomycin 胞霉素cytopathic effect, CPE 致细胞病变[效应] cytoplasmic polyhedrosisvirus,CPV 质型多角体病毒Daqu (massive raw stater foralcholic liquor) 大曲dark-field microscope 暗视野显微镜dark-field microscopy 暗视野显微术daughter colony 子菌落daunomycin 道诺霉素decline phase 衰亡期decomposer 分解者defective interfering particle 干扰缺损颗粒defective mutant [病毒]缺损突变株defective virus 缺损病毒defined medium 确定成分培养基dehydrated medium 干燥培养基denitrification 反硝化作用denitrifying bacteria 反硝化细菌densovirus,DNV 浓核病毒dermatonecrotoxin 皮肤坏死毒素destomycin 越霉素deterioration 生物致劣determinative bacteriology 鉴定细菌学diagnostic microbiology 诊断微生物学dialysis cultivation 透析培养diary microbiology 乳品微生物学diauxie growth curve 双峰生长曲线dictyospore 砖格孢子didymospore 双胞孢子differential medium 鉴别培养基differential staining 鉴别染色法dilution method 稀释法dilution-plate method 稀释平板分离法dimorphic fungi 双态性真菌dimorphism 双态现象dipicolinic acid, DPA 2,6-吡啶二羧酸diplobacillus 双杆菌disinfectant 消毒剂disinfection 消毒dispore 双孢担孢子dissimilation 异化作用distamycin 偏端霉素donor 供体dormancy 休眠doubling time 倍增时间drug resistant gene 抗药基因drug resistant strain 抗药性菌株drug-resistance 抗药性Durham's fermentation tub 杜氏发酵管dwarf colony 侏儒型菌落dysbacteriosis 菌群失调early protein [病毒]早期蛋白eburicoic acid 齿孔酸ECHO virus 艾柯病毒eclipse period 隐蔽期ectendomycorrhiza 内外生菌根ectomycorrhiza 外生菌根ectothrix 毛外癣菌elater 弹丝electron microscope 电[子显微]镜elementary body 原[生小]体EMB agar 伊红甲烯蓝琼脂endobasidium 内生担子endoconidium 内分生孢子endogenenous variable 内源变量endogenous virus 内源病毒endomycorrhiza 内生菌根Endo's medium 远藤培养基endospore 内生孢子endosymbiosis 内共生endothrix 毛内癣菌endotoxin 内毒素enrichment medium 富集培养基enterococcin 肠球菌素enterotoxin 肠毒素entomogenous fungi 虫生真菌entomopathogen 昆虫病原微生物entomopox virus, EPV 昆虫痘病毒envelope antigen [病毒]包膜抗原envelope antigen [细菌]包被抗原envelope, peplos 包膜epidermolytic toxin 表皮溶解毒素epithecium 囊层被erythromycin 红霉素esterastin 抑酯酶素etiology 病原学eubacteria 真细菌eukaryote 真核生物eurythermal microorganism 广温微生物euvirus 真病毒everninomicin 扁枝衣霉素exfoliative toxin 剥脱性毒素exine 外壁exitine 芽孢外膜exospore 外生孢子exosporium [孢子]外壁exotoxin 外毒素exponential growth 指数生长extracellular enzyme 胞外酶factor 420 420 因子facultative anaerobe 兼性厌氧菌fastidious microorganism 苛求菌favic chandelier mycelium 黄癣菌丝feed back inhibition 反馈抑制fermentability 可发酵性fermentation 发酵fermenter 发酵罐fermicutes 硬壁[细]菌类fertility factor 致育因子Feulgen staining 富尔根染色fibrinolysin 溶纤维蛋白溶酶filamentous type colony 丝状型菌落filtration sterilization 过滤除菌fimbrium [噬菌体]伞毛fixed virus [狂犬病]固定毒flagellar antigen 鞭毛抗原flagellar basal body 鞭毛基体flagellin 鞭毛蛋白flagellum 鞭毛flat sour bacteria 平罐酸败菌flat-sour spoilage 平[罐]酸败flax retting 亚麻浸渍flora 菌群flora 区系fluorescence microscop 荧光显微镜food microbiology 食品微生物学foot cell 足细胞foot cell 脚胞forespore 前芽孢formycin 间型霉素fortimicin 健霉素fosfomycin, phosphonomycin 磷霉素foulbrood [蜜蜂]幼虫腐臭病fragmentation 断裂French cell press 弗氏[细胞]压碎器fruiting body 子实体fungi 真菌fungistat 抑真菌剂funiculus 菌丝索fusarinic acid 镰孢菌酸fuseau 顶生厚壁孢子gametangial copulation 配囊交配gametangium 配子囊gamete 配子gametocyte 配子母细胞gas vacuole 气泡GC values GC值gelatine liquefication 明胶液化gene cluster 基因簇gene transfer 基因转移general microbilogy 普通微生物学genetic transformation 遗传转化genotype 基因型gentamicin 艮他霉素geosmins [放线菌]土臭味素germ pore 芽孔germ slit 芽缝germ tube 芽管germicides 杀菌剂ghost 菌蜕giant colony 巨大菌落gleba 产孢体gliding 滑行gliding bacteria 滑行细菌gliotoxin 胶霉毒素glucose effect 葡萄糖效应glycocalyx 多糖包被gnotobiology 悉生生物学gnotobiote 悉生生物gonidium 微生子gougerotin 谷氏菌素gracilicutes 薄壁[细]菌类gradient plate 梯度平板Gram staining 革兰氏染色gramicidin 短杆菌肽Gram-negative bacteria 革兰氏阴性菌granule 颗粒体granulin 颗粒体蛋白granulose 细菌淀粉粒granulosis virus, GV 颗粒体症病毒grisein 灰霉素griseofulvin 灰黄霉素growth factor 生长因子Guarnieri's bodies 顾氏小体haemolysis 溶血[作用]halophilic bacteria 嗜盐菌hamathecium 囊间丝HBcAg乙型肝炎核心抗原HBeAg 乙型肝炎e抗原HBsAg 乙型肝炎表面抗原head [噬菌体]头部helical symmetry 螺旋对称helicospore 卷旋孢子helper virus 辅助病毒hemadsorption, HD 血细胞吸附hemagglutination, HA 血细胞凝集hemagglutinin 血凝素hemibasidium 半担子hemolysin 溶血素hemolytic test 溶血试验herbicidin 除莠菌素herbimycin 除莠霉素heterobasidium 隔担子heterofermentation 异型发酵heterofermentative lactic bacteria 异型发酵乳酸菌heterogamete 异形配子heterogamy 异配生殖heterology 异源性heterothallism 异宗配合heterotrophic bacteria 异养菌heterotrophic potential 异养潜能heterotrophic succession 异养演替heterotrophy 异养heterozygosis 杂合[现象] heterozygote 异形合子high frequency of recombination,Hfr 高频重组high power objective 高倍物镜holdfast 固着器holobasidium无隔担子holomorph 全型holomycin 全霉素homoacetogenic bacteria 同型[产]乙酸细菌homofermentation 同型发酵homofermentative lactic bacteria 同型发酵乳酸菌homoimmune phage 同源免疫噬菌体homology 同源性homothallism 同宗配合hormogonium [蓝细菌]连锁体host range mutant 宿主范围突变株hyaluronidase 透明质酸酶hydrogenotrophic bacteria 氢营养菌hydrogen-producing acetogenicbacteria 产氢产乙酸细菌hygromycin 潮霉素hymenophore 子实层体hypha 菌丝hyphal fragment 菌丝段hypholytic action 溶菌丝作用hyphopodium 附着枝hypnosporangium 休眠孢子囊hypnospore 休眠孢子hypobasidium 下担子hypogeal fungi 地下真菌hypostroma 下子座hypothallus 囊基膜hypothecium 囊层基hysterothecium 缝裂壳icosahedral symmetry 二十面体对称icosahedron capsid 二十面[体]壳体identification 鉴定idiotroph 特需营养要求型ilamycin 岛霉素immobilized cell 固定化细胞imperfect fungi 半知菌IMViC tes 吲哚、甲基红、V-P、柠檬酸试验in situ cultivation 原位培养in vivo 体内incineration 烧灼灭菌inclusion granule 内含颗粒incubator 培养箱indicator 指示菌indigenous flora 土著菌群indigenous flora 土著区系induced variation 诱发变异inducible phage [可]诱导噬菌体indusium 菌裙industrial microbiology 工业微生物学infection 侵染infection 感染infection 传染infectious center 侵染中心infectious center 感染中心infective dose, ID 侵染剂量infective dose, ID 感染剂量infectivity 侵染性infectivity 感染性inoculating loop 接种环inoculation, inoculating, inoculate 接种inoculum 接种物inoperculatae 无囊盖类interference 干扰[现象] interferon 干扰素International Union of Microbiological Societies, IUMS 国际微生物学会联合会interspecies H transfer 种间分子氢转移intestinal bacteria 肠道细菌intine 芽孢内膜intracellular enzym 胞内酶invasiveness 侵袭力involution form 衰老型irido virus 虹彩病毒iron bacteria 铁细菌isogametangium 同形配子囊isogamete 同形配子isogamy 同配生殖isolation 分离isospore 同形孢子istamycin 天神霉素ive bacterial vaccine 活菌苗ivermectin 双氢除虫菌素josamycin 交沙霉素kanamycin 卡那霉素kasugamycin 春日霉素killer particle 致死颗粒koji 日本酒曲kojic acid 曲酸Kolle flask 克氏瓶Kolmer test 科氏试验Kovac's oxidase reagent 柯氏Kovac's reagent 柯氏试剂lag phase 延滞期lambda particles phage λ噬菌体lapinization 兔化法lapinized virus 兔化毒late culture 平板培养物late genes [病毒]晚期基因late protein [病毒]晚期蛋白latent virus 潜伏病毒lawn 菌苔leaky mutant 渗漏突变体lens 透镜lepromin 麻风菌素leucocidin 杀白细胞素leucolysin 白细胞溶素leucomycin 柱晶白霉素L-form of bacterium 细菌L-型lincomycin 林可霉素liquid koji 液体曲liquid medium 液体培养基liquid nitrogen cryopreservation 液氮保藏[法] liquid state fermentation 液态发酵lithotrophic bacteria 无机营养菌litmus milk 石蕊牛奶live vaccine 活疫苗locule 子囊腔Loeffler's serum medium 吕氏血清培养基lophotricha 丛[鞭]毛菌low power objective 低倍物镜low virulent strain 弱毒株luminous bacteria 发光细菌lyophilization 冻干[保藏]法lysogenesis 溶原现象lysogenic conversion 溶原性转换lysogenization 溶原化lysogeny 溶原性lysostaphin 溶葡萄球菌素lysozyme 溶菌酶lytic cycle 裂解周期Macchiavello's staining 麦氏[立克次氏体]染色MacConkey medium 麦氏培养基macroconidium 大分生孢子magnification 放大率malachite green solution 孔雀石绿溶液mallein test [马]鼻疽菌素试验malt wort 麦芽汁Mandler filter 曼德勒尔滤器manual airlock 手动气锁marine microbiology 海洋微生物学mash 醪液matachromatic granules 异染粒mating type 交配型maytenin 美登素meat extract 肉膏medical microbiology 医学微生物学medium 培养基membrane filter 薄膜滤器mendosicutes 疵壁[细]菌类merosporangium 柱孢子囊mesosome 间体mesotrophy 半自养metabiosis 代谢共栖methanogen 产甲烷菌methanogenesis 产甲烷[作用] methyl red test 甲基红试验methylene blue reduction test 甲烯蓝还原试验methylotrophic bacteria 甲基营养菌methylotrophy 甲基营养methymycin 酒霉素metulae 梗基microaerobe 微需氧菌microbial biochemistry 微生物生物化学microbial ecology 微生物生态学microbial ecosystem 微生物生态系统microbial genetics 微生物遗传学microbial leaching 微生物浸矿microbial pesticide 微生物杀虫剂microbial physiology 微生物生理学microbial taxonomy 微生物分类学microbody 微体microcapsule 微荚膜microconidium 小分生孢子microflora 微生物区系micromanipulation 显微操作micromanipulator 显微操作器micronutrient 微量营养microorganism 微生物microscope 显微镜microscope condenser 显微镜集光器microscopic examination 镜检microscopic Widal agglutination test 显微肥达氏凝集试验millipore filter 微孔滤器minimal infecting dose, MID 最小感染量minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC 最小抑菌浓度minimal lethal dose, MLD 最小致死量mithramycin 光神霉素mitomycin 丝裂霉素mixed cultivation 混合培养mixed culture 混合培养物mold, mould 霉菌mollicutes 柔膜细菌monensin 莫能菌素monomorphism 单形现象monster [噬菌体]畸形体morphotype 形态型morphovar 形态变型most probable number method,MPNM 最大机率法most probable number, MPN 最大机率数multicomponent virus 多分体病毒multiple embedded virus 多粒包埋型病毒multiple fission 复分裂muscarine 毒蝇碱mushrooms 蘑菇mutagen 诱变剂mutagenesis 诱变mutant 突变体mutation 突变mutualism 互利共栖mycelianamide 菌丝酰胺mycelium 菌丝体mycelium pellet 菌丝球mycetism 真菌中毒mycetosome 含菌细胞mycocide 杀真菌剂mycolic acid 分枝菌酸mycology 真菌学mycomycin 菌霉素mycophage 真菌噬菌体mycophenolic acid 霉酚酸mycorrhiza 菌根mycorrhizal fungi 菌根真菌mycotoxin 真菌毒素mycovirus 真菌病毒mydecamycin, midecamycin 麦迪霉素mykol 真菌醇myxospore 粘孢子naked virion 裸露病毒[粒]体natural medium 天然培养基nebramycin 暗霉素necroparsite 致坏死寄生物necrosis virus 坏死病毒negative staining 负染[色法] Negri's body 内氏小体neomycin 新霉素netropsin 纺锤菌素neuraminidase 神经氨酸酶neurotoxicity 神经毒性neurotoxin 神经毒素neutralism 无关共栖neutralization tes 中和试验nitragin 根瘤菌剂nitrate reduction test 硝酸盐还原试验nitrification 硝化作用nitrobacteria 硝化细菌nitrogen balance 氮平衡nitrogen fixing bacteria 固氮细菌nocardin 诺卡菌素nodular mycelium 结节状菌丝nonseptate hypha 无隔菌丝novobiocin 新生霉素nuclear polyhedrosis virus, NPV 核型多角体病毒nucleocapsid 核壳nucleoid 类核numerical taxonomy 数值分类法nutrient agar 营养琼脂nystatin 制霉菌素objective 物镜obligate anaerobe 专性厌氧菌ochratoxin 赭曲毒素ocular 目镜ocular micrometer 目镜测微计O-D variation [流感病毒]O-D相变异oidiophore 粉孢子梗oidium 粉孢子old culture 老培养物old tuberculin, OT 旧结核菌素oleandomycin 竹桃霉素oligonitrophilic bacteria 微嗜氮菌oligotrophic bacteria 贫[营]养细菌oncovirus 肿瘤病毒one step growth 一步生长[曲线] oogamete 卵配子oogonium 藏卵器ooplasm 卵质oosphere 卵球oospore 卵孢子open fermentation 敞口发酵open growth system 开放生长系统operon 操纵子ophiobollin 蛇孢菌素opportunistic pathogen 机会致病菌osmophilic bacteria 嗜高渗细菌ostiole 孔口Oxford cup 牛津杯oxidase test 氧化酶试验oxygen requirement 需氧量oxyphotobacteria 生氧光细菌oxytropism 向氧性paraphysis 侧丝paraphysoid 类侧丝parasexuality 准性生殖parasitism 寄生parasporal crystal 伴胞晶体paromomycin 巴龙霉素passenger virus 过客病毒Pasteur effect 巴氏效应pasteurization 巴氏消毒法pathogen 病原体pathogenicity 致病性pathovar 致病变型patulin 展青霉素pectinafe mycelium 梳状菌丝pectinase 果胶酶pellicle 菌膜penetration [病毒]侵入penicillic acid 青霉酸penicillin 青霉素penicillinase 青霉素酶penicillus 帚状枝peptidoglycan 肽聚糖peptone [蛋白]胨peptone-yeast extract-glucose medium [蛋白]胨酵母膏葡萄糖培养基perfect fungi 完全真菌peridium 包被periphysis 周丝periphysoid 类周丝periplasmic flagella 周质鞭毛perithecium 子囊壳peritricha 周[鞭]毛菌permease 通透酶pesticin 鼠疫菌素Petri dish 培养皿Pfeiffer's phenomenon 费氏[溶菌]现象phagetype 噬菌体型phagevar 噬菌体变型phalloidin 鬼笔[毒]环肽phasmid 噬粒phenotype 表型phialide 瓶梗phialospore 瓶梗孢子phosphorus balance 磷平衡photo-assimilation 光同化作用photoautotrophic bacteria 光能自养菌photoautotrophy 光能自养photolithotrophic bacteria 光能无机营养菌photolithotrophy 光能无机营养photoorganotrophic bacteria 光能有机营养菌photoorganotrophy 光能有机营养photoreactivation 光复活作用photosynthetic bacteria 光合作用细菌phototaxis 趋光性phototrophic bacteria 光养菌phototrophy 光营养phototropism 向光性phragmobasidium 有隔担子phragmospore 多隔孢子phycobilin 藻胆素phycobiliprotein 藻胆蛋白phycobilisome 藻胆蛋白体phycocyanin 藻青蛋白phycoerythrin 藻红蛋白phycoerythrobilin 藻红[胆]素phycophage 噬藻体phytocidin 植物杀菌素phytotoxin 毒植物素pileus 菌盖pilin 菌毛蛋白pilus 菌毛planozygote 游动合子plaque 噬斑plaque 蚀斑plaque forming unit,PFU 蚀斑形成单位plaque mutants 噬斑突变株plasmid 质粒plasmid incompatibility 质粒不相容性plate cultivation 平板培养plating 平板接种pneumolysin肺炎[链]球菌溶血素pneumotoxin 肺炎球菌毒素poisonous mushroom 毒蘑菇polyauxotroph 多重营养缺陷型polyhead [噬菌体]聚合头部polyhedrin 多角体蛋白polyhedron 多角体polyhedrosis virus 多角体病毒polymorphism 多态[现象]polymorphism 多形现象polymyxin 多粘菌素polyoxin 多氧菌素polysheath [噬菌体]聚合尾鞘polysilicate plate 聚硅酸盐平板polyvalent bacterial vaccine 多价菌苗polyvalent vaccine 多价疫苗poly-β-hydroxy butyrate 聚β羟基丁酸盐pontaneous generation, abiogenesis 自然发生说，无生源说pooled typing serum 混合分型血清porospore 孔出孢子positive strand 正链potato dextrose agar, PDA 马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂pour plate method 倾注培养predacious fungi 捕食真菌predation 捕食作用preprophage 前原噬菌体primary culture 原始培养物primary fermentation 前发酵primary invader 原发性感染原prodigiosin 灵菌红素productive infection[噬菌体]生产性感染progametangium 原配子囊progamete 原配子progenote 始祖生物prokaryote 原核生物promotor 启动子prophage 原噬菌体prosporangium 原孢子囊protein envelope 蛋白质包膜protista 原生生物protistology 原生生物学protobasidium 原担子protocooperation 初级合作protoplast 原生质体protoplast fusion 原生质体融合protoplast regeneration 原生质体再生prototroph 原养型prototrophic bacteria 原养菌protozoan 原生动物protozoology 原生动物学provirus 原病毒pseudomycelium 假菌丝体pseudoparaphysis 拟侧丝pseudopeptidoglycan 假肽聚糖pseudoperidium 拟包被pseudoseptum 假隔膜pseudotype virus 假型病毒pseudovirion 假病毒体psychrophilic bacteria 嗜冷[细]菌pure cultivation 纯培养pure culture 纯培养物purification 纯化purified protein derivative, PPD 纯化蛋白衍生物purple nonsulfur bacteria 紫色无硫细菌putrefaction 腐败pycnidiospore 器孢子pycnidium 分生孢子器pycniospore [锈菌]性孢子pycnium [锈菌]性孢子器pycnosclerotium 器菌核pyocyanin 绿脓[菌]素pyocyanolysin 绿脓杆菌溶血素pyofluorescein 绿脓菌荧光素pyrenomycetes 核菌pyrogen 致热原Qu(raw starter) 曲quellung test 荚膜膨胀试验racquet mycelium 球拍状菌丝体receptor destroying enzyme, RDE 受体破坏酶recipient 受体recombinant 重组体recombination 重组recon 重组子redistribution 重分配reinoculation 再接种replication 复制replication of virus 病毒复制replicative cycle 复制周期replicon 复制子reproductive mycelium 生殖菌丝体resistance determining factor 耐药[性决定]因子resistance transfer factor, RTF 耐药性转移因子restricted transduction 局限转导retro virus 逆[转]录病毒retting 沤麻revaccination 疫苗再接种reverse transcriptase 逆[转]录酶revistin 制反转录酶素rhizopin 根霉促进素rhizopterin 根霉蝶呤rhodopseudomonacin 红假单胞菌素ribostamycin, vistamycin 核糖霉素rickettsia 立克次氏体rifamycin 利福霉素rimocidin 龟裂杀菌素ring chromosome 环状染色体ristocetin 瑞斯托菌素rolling tube cultivation 滚管培养法rolling tube technique 滚管技术root nodule 根瘤root nodule bacteria 根瘤细菌rosamicin 蔷薇霉素rough colony 粗糙型菌落rough type 粗糙型rubidomycin 红比霉素rust disease 锈病Sabouraud's dextrose agar 沙氏葡萄糖琼脂sacchariferous agents 糖化剂saccharification 糖化作用sagamicin 相模霉素salinomycin 盐霉素Salmonella-Shigella agar,S.S.agar 沙门-志贺氏琼脂saprophytic bacteria 腐生菌saprophytic nutrition 腐生营养saprophytism 腐生现象sarcina 八叠球菌sarkomycin 肉瘤霉素satellitism 卫星现象scanning electron microscope,SEM 扫描电[子显微]镜schizogenesis 裂殖schizophyte 裂殖植物sclerotium 菌核scolecospore 线形孢子scotobacteria 暗细菌secondary colony 次生菌落secondary fermentation 后发酵secondary invader 继发性感染原secondary mycelium 次生菌丝体secter mutation 扇形突变seeding tank 种子罐seeding yeast 酒母Seitz filter 赛氏[细菌]滤器selective medium 选择性培养基semicontinuous fermentation半连续[型]发酵semisolid medium 半固体培养基semisynthetic medium 半合成培养基sensitized bacteria 敏化细菌septate hypha 有隔菌丝septum 隔膜serological identification 血清学鉴定serological specificity 血清学特异性serotype 血清型serovar 血清变型sex factor 性因子sex pilus 性丝shake cultivation 摇合培养shake cultivation 振荡培养sheath 鞘siastatin 制唾酸酶素siderophilic bacteria 嗜铁菌silage 青贮饲料sisomicin 紫苏霉素slant cultivation 斜面培养slant culture 斜面培养物slide 载玻片slide cultivation 玻片培养slide culture 玻片培养物slime bacteria 粘细菌slime mold, slime mould 粘菌slow virus 慢病毒smear 涂片smooth colony 光滑型菌落smut disease 黑粉病soil microbiology 土壤微生物学solid medium 固体培养基solid state fermentation 固态发酵specific growth rate 比生长速率specific pathogen free animals,SPFA 无特定病原动物spectinomycin, actinospectacin 壮观霉素spermatium 精子团spermogonium 精子器sphaerocyst 球状胞spheroplast 原生质球spike 刺突spiral mycelium 螺旋菌丝spiramycin 螺旋霉素spirilla 螺[旋]菌spoilage 酸败sporangiocarp 孢囊果sporangiole 小孢子囊sporangiophore 孢囊柄sporangiospore 孢囊孢子sporangium 孢[子]囊spore 孢子spore 芽孢spore ball 孢子球spore print 孢子印sporicide 杀芽孢剂sporodochium 分生孢子座sporogenous yeasts 有孢子酵母菌sporophore 孢子梗sporoplasm 孢原质sporulation 孢子形成sporulation 芽孢形成spread plate method 涂布培养法spreader 涂布器stab 穿刺stab cultivation 穿刺培养stage micrometer 镜台测微计stain 染色剂staining 染色法staining reaction 染色反应standard serum 标准血清staphylocoagulase [葡萄球菌]凝固酶staphylococcal protein A, SPA 葡萄球菌A蛋白staphylococcin 葡萄球菌素staphylolysin 葡萄球菌溶血毒素starter, culture starter 起子static cultivation 静止培养staurospore 星形孢子stenothermal microorganisms 狭温微生物stenothermophiles 嗜狭高温生物sterigma 小梗sterigmatocystin 柄曲霉素sterile 无菌sterile mycelium 不育菌丝体sterility test 无菌检查sterilization 灭菌sterilizer 灭菌器。
医学微生物词汇
微生物（microorganism)细菌（bacterium）原核细胞型（prokaryote）真核细胞型（eukayote）正常菌群（normal flora）条件致病菌（conditioned pathogen）机会致病菌（opportunistic pathogen）球菌（coccus）杆菌（bacillus弧菌（vibrio）螺菌（spirillum）支原体（mycoplasma）衣原体（chlamydia）原体（elementary body）网状体（reticulate body）包涵体（inclusion body）立克次体（rickettsia）肽聚糖（peptidoglycan）孔蛋白（porin）脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide，LPS)原生质体（protoplast）原生质球（spheroplast）中介体（mesosome）脂多糖（lypopolysaccharide,LPS）胞质颗粒（cytoplasmic granules）质粒（plasmid)F质粒（fertility plasmid）荚膜（capsule）鞭毛（flagellum）菌毛（pilus）定植（colonization）芽胞（spore）热原质（pyrogen）内毒素（endotoxin）外毒素（exotoxin）杆菌肽（bacitracin）细菌素（bactericin）专性需氧菌（obligate aerobe）微需氧菌（microaerophilic bacterium）兼性厌氧菌（facultative anaerobe）专性需氧菌（obligate anaerobe 种（species）属（genus）标准菌株（standard strain）病毒（virus）衣壳（capsid）核衣壳（nucleocasid）胞膜（peplomere）刺突（spike）吸附（adsortion）穿入（penetration）脱壳（uncoating）生物合成（biosynthesis）隐蔽期（eclipse period）复制中间型（replicative intermediate，RI）顿挫感染（abortive infection）缺陷病毒（defective virus）干扰现象（interference）灭活（inactivation）亚病毒（subvirus）类病毒（viroid）真菌（fungus）菌丝（hypha）孢子（spore）半数致死（median lethal dose，LD50）半数感染量（median infective dose，ID50）黏附（adhension）侵入（invasion）持续性病毒感染（persistent viral infection）潜伏感染（latent infection）慢发病毒感染（slow virus infection）持续性感染（persistent viral infection）致细胞病变作用（cytopathic effect, CPE)包涵体形成（inclusion body)细胞凋亡（apoptosis)外毒素（exotoxin）内毒素（endotoxin）细胞毒素（neurotoxin）神经毒素（cytotoxin）肠毒素（enterotoxin）超抗原（superantigen)外源性感染（exogenous infection)内源性感染（endogenous infection)性传播疾病（sexually transmitted disease,STD)毒血症（toxemia）脓毒血症（pyemia)内毒素血症（endotoxemia)败血症（septicemia）败血症（septicemia）菌血症（bacteremia）调亡（apoptosis）遗传（heredity）变异（variation）噬菌体（phage）毒性噬菌体（virulent phage）温和噬菌体（temperate phage）溶原性细菌（lysogenic bacterium）转座子（transposon Tn）插入序列（insertion sequence IS）复合转座子（complex Tn）顿挫感染（abortive infection）干扰素（IFN）突变（mutation）野生型（wild type）突变型（mutant）转化（trasformation）结合（conjugation）耐药传递因子（resistance transfer factor）转导（（transduction）完全转导（generalized transduction）流产转导（abortive trasduction）溶原性转换（lysogenicconversion）原生质体融合（protoplast fusion）重组（recombination）重配（reassortment）基因整合（gene integration）人工主动免疫（artificial active immunity）疫苗（vaccine）人工被动免疫（artificial passive immunity）消毒（disinfect）灭菌（sterilization）抑菌（bacteriostasia）抑菌剂（bacteriostat）防腐（antisepsis）无菌（asepsis）巴氏消毒法（pasteurization）滤过除菌法（filtration）滤菌器（filter）致病菌，病原菌（pathogenic bacterium，pathogen）非致病菌，非病原菌（nonpathogenic bacterium，nonpathogen）微生态学（microecology）生态平衡（eubiosis）生态失调（dysbiosis）菌群失调（dysbacteriosis）医院获得性感染（hospital acquired infection）医院内感染（nosocomial infection）弥散性血管内凝血（disseminated intravascular coagulation，DIC）内源性致热源（endogenous pyrogens）脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide，LPS）内毒素血症（endotoxemia）天然免疫（innate immunity）非特异性免疫（nonspecific immunity）外源性感染（exogenous infection）内源性感染（endogenous infection）隐性感染（inapparent infection）潜伏感染（latent infection）显性感染（apparent infection）亚临床感染（subclinical infection）急性感染（acute infection）慢性感染（(chronic infection)局部感染（local infection）全身感染（genetalized infection, systemic infection）毒血症（toxemia）菌血症（bacteremia）败血症（septicemia）脓毒血症（pyemia）葡萄球菌A蛋白（staphylococcal protein A, SPA）凝固酶（coagulase）链球菌溶素（SLO，SLS）感染免疫（infection immunity）动物源性疾病（zoonosis）外斐反应（Wail-Felix reaction）抗原漂移（antigenic drift）抗原转换（antigenic shift）开放读码框（open reading frame, ORF）半数细胞感染剂量（50％tissue culture infective dose, TCID50）细胞病变（cytopathic effect, CPE）干扰现象（interference）前病毒（provirus）顿挫感染（abortive infection）缺陷病毒（defective virus）非容许细胞（non-permissive cells）缺损干扰颗粒（defective interference particles, DIP）PrPsc PrPc Prion。
prescott微生物学 中译本
prescott微生物学是一本广受欢迎的微生物学教科书，致力于向读者传授有关微生物学的知识。
它深入探讨了微生物在自然界和人类生活中的重要作用，并介绍了微生物的分类、结构、代谢、生长和遗传等方面的知识。
该书以其全面性、深度和广度而备受赞誉，被誉为是英文世界中最重要的微生物学教科书之一。
那么，我们也应该关注其中对于微生物学的深刻见解和研究成果，尤其是在中文世界中，我们也需要一本像prescott微生物学一样深入浅出的教材来帮助我们更好地理解微生物学的知识。
在中文世界中，对于微生物学的教材和文献相对较少，而那些现有的文献往往难以满足广大读者的需求。
有必要翻译并出版像prescott微生物学这样的经典教科书，以填补这一领域的空白。
中译版的prescott微生物学应当以其深度和广度，以及对微生物学的全面性介绍而受到广泛关注。
在主题方面，如果我们能够撰写一篇关于 prescott微生物学中译本的文章，对这部教材进行全面评估和探讨，那么我们就有机会帮助更多的人更好地了解和学习微生物学的知识。
这篇文章应当从以下几个方面展开：我们应该从介绍 prescott微生物学这本教材本身开始，包括其作者、出版历史、版本更新等方面的信息，以便读者对该教材有更全面的了解。
随后，我们可以探讨该教材对于微生物学知识的深入讲解，以及它所涉及的广度，包括微生物的分类、结构、代谢、生长和遗传等方面。
我们还应该将目光投向该教材所涉及的微生物在自然界和人类生活中的重要作用，使读者能够更全面地了解微生物的影响。
在探讨的过程中，我们应该大量引用关于 prescott微生物学中译本的内容，以加强文章的可读性和说服力。
我们还可以加入一些个人观点和理解，以突出该教材在推动微生物学研究和应用中的重要性。
我们应当对整篇文章进行总结和回顾，以便读者能够更好地理解和消化所呈现的内容，为他们对微生物学知识的学习和应用提供帮助。
撰写一篇关于 prescott微生物学中译本的文章，既是对该教材的全面评估和探讨，也是对微生物学知识的深入挖掘和传播。
微生物相关单词中英文对照actinomycete放线菌actinomycetes放线
微生物相关单词中英文对照actinomycete放线菌actinomycetes放线微生物相关单词中英文对照actinomycete 放线菌actinomycetes 放线菌(类)actinomyces 放线菌algae 藻,藻膜体anthrax vaccine 炭疽菌苗antibiotic 抗菌素,抗生物质,抗生的Archaebacteria 古(原)细菌azotobacter n. 固氮[细]菌brew vt.①酿造(啤酒等)；vi.①酿酒chemolithotroph 化能无机营养菌chemoorganotroph 化能有机营养菌chromosome 真周环状常染色体,染色体cocci (单Coccus ) 球菌cyanobacteria 蓝细菌[蓝绿藻类原核生物]cytoplasm 细胞质,细胞浆differentiation 分化endosymbiosis 内共生(现象)enrichment culture 增殖培养,增菌培养,富集培养,加富培养enzyme 酶Escherichia coli (拉)大肠埃希杆菌,大肠杆菌,(拉)大肠杆菌eukaryote 真核生物fermentation 发酵fungi (单fungus)真菌,霉菌genome 染色体组,基因组geochemistry n. 地球化学Gram staining 革兰(氏)染色法inoculate 接种,移植(细菌)Lactic Acid 乳酸,α-羟基丙酸lineage 谱系metabolism 新陈代谢,代谢作用microbe 微生物microorganism 微生物morphology 形态学,生态学mycoplasma 支原(质)体,原质菌,类菌质体,支原菌(属) Mycoplasmataceae 支原体科nucleus 核,胞核,神经核,原子核,有机化合物的原子团,细胞核organelle 细胞器,类器官pasteurization 巴斯德(氏)灭菌法,低程杀菌法,低温杀菌法penicillin n.盘尼西林phototroph 光能营养生物,光能利用菌phylogeny 种系发生,系统发育plasmid 质体,质粒prokaryote 原核生物protozoa 原生动物,原虫pseudomonad 假单胞菌pure culture 纯系培养,纯培养物,纯种培养,纯(粹)培养respire 呼吸rhizobium (拉)根瘤菌属ribosome 核蛋白体,核粒体,核糖体,核(糖核)蛋白体acetylglucosamine 乙酰葡萄糖胺,乙酰氨基葡萄糖acetylmuramic acid 乙酰胞壁酸,乙酰基粘糖酸amino acid 氨基酸azalein 品红,复红biomolecule 活质分子carbohydrate 碳水化合物,糖类chemotaxis 趋化性,趋药性,向化性crystal violet-iodine complex 结晶紫和碘的复合物cylindrical 圆筒状的,圆柱状的diaminopimelic acid 二氨基庚二酸endotoxin 内毒素extract 拔出,取出,提取,浸出物,抽提,提取液,提出物,浸膏,萃,萃取,蒸馏出flagellum (复flagella )鞭毛,鞭节,鞭状器(蛹),鞭状体(软体动物) peritrichous 周生鞭毛(的) glycosidic bond 糖苷键halophile 适盐植物,喜盐植物,嗜盐微生物hydrophilic 亲水的hydrophobic 疏水的,狂犬病的insoluble 不(能)溶解的,不能解释的,不溶解的,不能解决的integral membrane protein 膜内在蛋白质isomeric (同分)异构的,同质异能的linkage 键,链合,连接,连锁,联系lipid monolayer 类脂单层,脂单层lipopolysaccharide 脂多糖lipoprotein 脂蛋白质lysis 松解术,溶解,溶化,渐退,消散lysozyme 溶菌酶methanobacteria 甲烷杆菌mordant 媒染剂,饰染剂pathogenic 致病的peptidoglycan 粘肽,肽聚糖peripheral membrane protein 外在膜蛋白periplasm 周质phospholipids 磷脂phospholipid bilayer 磷脂双层photomicrograph 显微照片phototaxis 趋光性polar [=polarization]极化,偏振porin 一类细胞外膜孔道蛋白protoplasm 原生质protoplast 原生质体pseudopeptidoglycan 假肽聚糖(微)rod 杆菌safranine 番红,藏(花)红salmonella (复salmonellae)沙门(氏)菌(Gram-negative)spherical 球的,球体的,球状的,球形的,球面的,天体的spirochete n. 螺旋菌staphylococcus (复staphylococci)葡萄球菌staphylococcus aureus (拉)金黄色酿脓葡萄球菌,金黄色葡萄球菌,金黄色酿脓葡萄球菌sterols 醇teichoic acid 【化】磷壁酸【医】壁酸(为细胞型成分之一)Thermoplasma 热原体属Amphitrichous 两端鞭毛的,两端单毛的Aspergillus (复aspergilli)曲霉bacillus mucilaginosus 胶质芽孢杆菌Bacillus mycoides 蕈状芽胞杆菌,霉状芽孢杆菌bacillus thuringiensis (拉)苏芸金杆菌,苏芸金芽胞杆菌Candida mycoderma 假丝酵母Colony 菌(集)落,菌丛,集落conserved 保守的flagellin 鞭毛蛋白,鞭毛素hook 牵引钩鞭毛钩lophotrichous 具偏端丛毛的,丛鞭毛的monotrichous 单鞭毛的,偏端单毛的motility 活力,活率,活动力polar flagellation 极生鞭毛pseudomonas 假单胞菌(属),假单胞菌属Pseudomonas fluorescens 萤光假单胞菌Rhizopus 酒曲菌属,根霉菌属Rotate 旋转,转动serratia marcescens 粘质赛氏杆菌,粘质沙霉菌(属) Streptomyces coelicolor 天蓝色链霉菌Streptomyces violaceorectus 紫色直丝链霉菌adhere 粘附,粘连conjugation 结合,接合,结合反应,联接,共轭cortex 皮质,皮层dipicolinic acid 吡啶二羧酸,二吡啶羧酸exosporium 外生孢子,(孢子或花粉)外壁,外胞fimbriae (噬菌体)伞毛,菌毛glycocalyx 多糖包被pillus 菌毛（复pilli）spore coat 芽胞膜,芽胞外被sporulation 孢子形成activation 激活,激活作用adhere 粘附,粘连conjugation 结合,接合,结合反应,联接,共轭dipicolinic acid 吡啶二羧酸,二吡啶羧酸endosporulate 内孢子形成exosporium 外生孢子,(孢子或花粉)外壁,外胞fimbriae (噬菌体)伞毛,菌毛germination 萌发,发芽glycocalyx 多糖包被outgrowth 向外生长(放),赘疣pillus 菌毛（复pilli）spore coat 芽胞膜,芽胞外被sporulation 孢子形成activation energy 活化能,激活能aerobe 需氧菌,需氧微生物anabolism n.组成代谢, 合成代谢anarobian 厌氧的,厌氧菌arthrospore 节孢子(微)ascospore 子囊孢子(微),子囊层aseptic 无菌的aseptic technique 无菌技术,无菌操作aspergillus (复aspergilli)曲霉autotroph 自养生物,独立营养物axial 轴的,中轴的,轴式的basidiospore 担子孢子biotin 生物素又称“维生素H”。
细菌名称英汉对照词典
English ChineseAbiotrophia adjacens毗邻贫养菌Abiotrophia defectiva软弱贫养菌Achromobacter spp无色杆菌属某些种Acinetobacter /Pseudomonas spp 动杆菌/假单胞菌属某些种Acinetobacter baumannii鲍氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter calcoaceticus醋酸钙不动杆菌Acinetobacter haemolyticus溶血不动杆菌Acinetobacter johnsonii约氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter junii琼氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter lwoffii鲁氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter radioresistens抗辐射不动杆菌Acinetobacter spp不动杆菌属某些种Acinetobacter spp/Pseudomonas spp 动杆菌属某些种/假单胞菌属某些种Acinetobacter/Pseudomonas spp 动杆菌/假单胞菌属某些种Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans伴放线放线杆菌Actinomyces israelii衣氏放线菌Actinomyces meyeri麦氏放线菌Actinomyces naeslundii内氏放线菌Actinomyces neuii anitratus纽氏放线菌无硝亚种Actinomyces neuii neuii纽氏放线菌纽氏亚种Actinomyces neuii radingae纽氏放线菌罗亚种Actinomyces neuii turicensis纽氏放线菌图列茨亚种Actinomyces odontolyticus龋齿放线菌Actinomyces viscosus粘放线菌Aerococcus viridans绿浅气球菌Aeromonas caviae豚鼠气单胞菌Aeromonas hydrophila gr.嗜水气单胞菌群Aeromonas hydrophila嗜水气单胞菌Aeromonas salmonicida achromogene杀鲑气单胞菌无色亚种Aeromonas salmonicida masoucida杀鲑气单胞菌杀日本鲑亚种Aeromonas salmonicida salmonicida杀鲑气单胞菌杀鲑亚种Aeromonas sobria温和气单胞菌Agrobacterium radiobacter放射形土壤杆菌Alcaligenes denitrificans反硝化产碱菌Alcaligenes faecalis粪产碱菌Alcaligenes spp产碱菌属某些种Alcaligenes xylosoxidans木糖氧化产碱菌Alloiococcus otitis耳炎差异球菌Anaerobiospirllum succiniproducens产琥珀酸厌氧螺菌Arachnia propionica丙酸蛛菌Arcanobacterium bernardiae伯纳德隐秘杆菌Arcanobacterium haemolyticum溶血隐秘杆菌Arcanobacterium pyogenes化脓隐秘杆菌Arcobacter cryaerohoilus嗜低温弓形杆菌Arthrobacter spp节杆菌属某些种Bacteroides caccae粪拟杆菌Bacteroides capillosus多毛拟杆菌Bacteroides eggerthii埃氏拟杆菌Bacteroides fragilis脆弱拟杆菌Bacteroides levii利氏拟杆菌Bacteroides merdae屎拟杆菌Bacteroides ovatus卵形拟杆菌Bacteroides stercoris粪便拟杆菌Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron多形拟杆菌Bacteroides uniformis单形拟杆菌Bacteroides ureolyticus解脲拟杆菌Bacteroides vulgatus普通拟杆菌Bergeyella zoohelcum动物溃疡伯格菌Bifidobacterium adolescentis青春双岐杆菌Bifidobacterium bifidum双岐双岐杆菌Bifidobacterium breve短双岐杆菌Bifidobacterium dentium齿双歧杆菌Bifidobacterium infantis婴儿双岐杆菌Bifidobacterium spp双岐杆菌属某些种Bordetella avium鸟博德特菌Bordetella bronchiseptica支气管炎博德特菌Bordetella spp博德特菌属某些种Branhamella catarrhalis粘膜炎布兰汉球菌Brevendimonas diminuta缺陷短波单胞菌Brevendimonas vesicularis泡囊短波单胞菌Brevibacterium casei乳酪短杆菌Brevibacterium epidermidis表皮短杆菌Brevibacterium spp短杆菌属某些种Brucella spp布鲁菌属某些种Budvicia aquatica水生布戴约维采菌Burkholderia cepacia洋葱伯克霍尔德菌Burkholderia diminuta洋葱伯克霍尔德菌Burkholderia gladioli唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德菌Burkholderia pseudomallei类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌Buttiauxella agrestis乡间布丘菌Campylobacter coli大肠弯曲杆菌Campylobacter fetus fetus胚胎弯曲杆菌胚胎亚种Campylobacter fetus venerealis胚胎弯曲杆菌性病亚种Campylobacter hyointestinalis豚肠弯曲杆菌Campylobacter jejuni doylei空肠弯曲杆菌德莱亚种Campylobacter jejuni jejuni空肠弯曲杆菌空肠亚种Campylobacter lari UPTC 红嘴鸥曲杆菌UPTC变种Campylobacter lari红嘴鸥弯曲杆菌Campylobacter mucosalis粘膜弯曲杆菌Campylobacter sputorrum bubulus唾液弯曲杆菌牛生物变种Campylobacter sputorrum fecalis唾液弯曲杆菌粪生物变种Campylobacter upsaliensis乌普萨拉弯曲杆菌Candida albicans白假丝酵母Candida boidinii博伊丁假丝酵母Candida catenulata链状假丝酵母Candida ciferrii西弗假丝酵母Candida colliculosa软假丝酵母Candida curvata弯假丝酵母Candida dattila dattil假丝酵母Candida drusei克鲁斯假丝酵母Candida dubliniensis杜氏假丝酵母Candida famata无名假丝酵母Candida glabrata光滑假丝酵母Candida globosa球形假丝酵母Candida guilliermondii高里假丝酵母Candida hellenical （=C. steatolyti a）Candida holmii霍氏假丝酵母Candida inconspicua平常假丝酵母Candida intermedia中间假丝酵母Candida kefyr乳酒假丝酵母Candida krusei克柔假丝酵母Candida lambica郎比可假丝酵母Candida lipolytica解脂假丝酵母Candida lusitaniae葡萄牙假丝酵母Candida magnoliae木兰假丝酵母Candida melibiosica口津假丝酵母Candida membranaefaciens璞膜假丝酵母Candida norvegensis挪威假丝酵母Candida norvegica norvegic假丝酵母Candida parapsilosis近平滑假丝酵母Candida pelliculosa菌膜假丝酵母Candida pulcherrima铁红假丝酵母Candida rugosa皱落假丝酵母Candida rugosa皱褶假丝酵母Candida sake清酒假丝酵母Candida silvicola森林假丝酵母Candida sphaerica园球形假丝酵母Candida tropicalis热带假丝酵母Candida utilis产朊假丝酵母Candida valida粗状假丝酵母Candida zeylanoides诞沫假丝酵母Capnocytophaga gingivalis牙龈二氧化碳嗜纤维菌Capnocytophaga ochracea黄褐二氧化碳嗜纤维菌Capnocytophaga spp二氧化碳嗜纤维菌属某些种Capnocytophaga sputigena生痰二氧化碳嗜纤维菌CDC gruop IV C-2 CDC菌群IV-2Cedecea davisae戴氏西地西菌Cedecea lapagei拉氏西地西菌Cedecea neteri奈氏西地西菌Cedecea spp西地西菌属某些种Cellulomonas spp纤维单胞菌属某些种Cellulomonas turbata特氏纤维单胞菌Ceotruchum candidum假丝地霉Ceotruchum capitatum头状地霉Ceotruchum fermenfans发酵地霉Ceotruchum penicillatum潘氏地霉Ceotruchum spp地霉菌属某些种Chromobacterium violaceum紫色色杆菌Chryseobacterium indologenes产吲哚金黄杆菌Chryseobacterium meningosepticum脑膜脓毒性金黄杆菌Chryseomonas luteola浅黄金色单胞菌Citrobacter amalonaticua无丙二酸柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter braakii布氏柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter farmeri法氏柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter freundii group弗氏柠檬酸杆菌群Citrobacter freundii弗氏柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter koseri （= C.diversus克氏柠檬酸杆菌（=差异柠檬酸杆菌）Citrobacter koseri柯氏柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter koseri克氏柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter koseri/amalonaticus 氏/无丙二酸柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter youngae杨氏柠檬酸杆菌Clostridium acetobutylicum丙酮丁醇梭杆菌Clostridium barati巴氏梭菌Clostridium beijerinckii /butyricum 氏/丁酸梭菌Clostridium beijerinckii拜氏梭菌Clostridium bifermentans双酶梭菌Clostridium botlinum肉毒梭菌Clostridium butyricum丁酸梭菌Clostridium cadaveris尸毒梭菌Clostridium clostridiiforme梭状梭菌Clostridium difficile艰难梭菌Clostridium fallax谲诈梭菌Clostridium glycolicum乙二醇梭菌Clostridium hastiforme矛形梭菌Clostridium histolyticum溶组织梭菌Clostridium innocuum无害梭菌Clostridium innocuum无害芽胞梭菌Clostridium limosum泥渣梭菌Clostridium paraputrificum类腐败梭菌Clostridium perfringens产气荚膜梭菌Clostridium ramosum多枝梭菌Clostridium septicum败毒梭菌Clostridium sordellii索氏梭菌Clostridium sporogenes生孢梭菌Clostridium spp梭菌属某些种Clostridium subterminale近端梭菌Clostridium tertium第三梭菌Clostridium tetani破伤风梭菌Clostridium tyrobutyricum酪丁酸梭菌Comamonas acidovorans食酸丛毛单胞菌Comamonas spp丛毛单胞菌属某些种Comonas testosteroni睾丸酮丛毛单胞菌Corynebacterium accolens拥挤棒杆菌Corynebacterium afermentans非发酵棒杆菌Corynebacterium amycolatum无枝菌酸棒杆菌Corynebacterium aquaticum水生棒杆菌Corynebacterium argentoratense银色棒杆菌Corynebacterium auris耳棒杆菌Corynebacterium bovis牛棒杆菌Corynebacterium cystitidis膀胱炎棒杆菌Corynebacterium diphtheriae belfant Corynebacterium diphtheriae gravis重白喉棒杆菌Corynebacterium diphtheriae mitis缓和白喉棒杆菌Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum解葡萄糖苷Corynebacterium group F- 1 F-群棒杆菌Corynebacterium group G 群棒杆菌Corynebacterium jeikeium杰氏棒杆菌Corynebacterium kutscher库氏棒杆菌Corynebacterium macginleyi麦氏棒杆菌Corynebacterium minutissimum极小棒杆菌Corynebacterium pilosum多毛棒杆菌Corynebacterium propinquum丙酸棒杆菌Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticu假白喉棒杆菌Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis假结核棒杆菌Corynebacterium renale group牛肾盂炎棒杆菌群Corynebacterium renale牛肾盂炎棒杆菌Corynebacterium seminale生殖棒杆菌Corynebacterium striatum纹带棒杆菌Corynebacterium ulcerans溃疡棒杆菌Corynebacterium urealyticum解脲棒杆菌Cryptococcus albidus浅白隐球酵母Cryptococcus humicola土生隐球菌Cryptococcus humicolus土生隐球酵母Cryptococcus laurentii罗伦隐球酵母Cryptococcus neoformans新型隐球酵母Cryptococcus terreus地生隐球酵母Cryptococcus uniguttulatus指甲隐球酵母Cryytococcus neoformans白地霉Debaryomyces polymorphus多形德巴利酵母菌Dermabacter hominis人皮肤杆菌Dermacoccus nishinomiyaensis西宫皮肤球菌Dietzia spp迪茨菌属某些种Edwardsiella hoshinae保科爱德华菌Edwardsiella tarda迟钝爱德华菌Eikenella corrodens啮蚀艾肯菌Enterobacter aerogenes产气肠杆菌Enterobacter amnigenus河生肠杆菌Enterobacter asburiae阿氏肠杆菌Enterobacter cancerogenus生癌肠杆菌Enterobacter cloacae阴沟肠杆菌Enterobacter gergoviae日沟维肠杆菌Enterobacter intermedius中间肠杆菌Enterobacter sakazakii阪崎肠杆菌Enterobacter spp肠杆菌属某些种Enterococcus avium鸟肠球菌Enterococcus casselifavus铅黄肠球菌Enterococcus durans耐久肠球菌Enterococcus faecalis粪肠球菌Enterococcus faecium屎肠球菌Enterococcus gallinarum鹑鸡肠球菌Enterococcus hirae海氏肠球菌Enterococcus saccharolyticus解糖肠球菌Erwinia spp欧文菌属某些种Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae猪红斑丹毒丝菌Escherichia coli大肠埃希菌Escherichia fergusonii费格森埃希菌Escherichia hermannii赫氏埃希菌Escherichia vulneris伤口埃希菌Eubacterium aerofaciens产气真杆菌Eubacterium lentum迟缓真杆菌Eubacterium limosum粘液真杆菌Ewingella americana美洲爱文菌Flavimonas oryzihabitans栖稻黄色单胞菌Fusobacterium mortiferum死亡梭杆菌Fusobacterium necrogenes坏疽梭杆菌Fusobacterium necrophorum坏死梭杆菌Fusobacterium nucleatum具核梭杆菌Fusobacterium varium可变梭杆菌Gardnerella vaginalis阴道加德纳氏菌Gemella haemolysans溶血孪生球菌Gemella mobillorum麻疹孪生球菌Geotrichum candidum白地霉Geotrichum capitatum头状地霉Geotrichum penicillatum帚状地霉Gordona spp戈登菌属某些种Haemophilus aphrophilus嗜沫嗜血杆菌Haemophilus influenzae I流感嗜血杆菌Ⅰ型Haemophilus influenzae II流感嗜血杆菌Ⅱ型Haemophilus influenzae III流感嗜血杆菌Ⅲ型Haemophilus influenzae IV流感嗜血杆菌Ⅳ型Haemophilus influenzae V流感嗜血杆菌Ⅴ型Haemophilus influenzae VI流感嗜血杆菌Ⅵ型Haemophilus influenzae VII流感嗜血杆菌Ⅶ型Haemophilus influenzae VIII流感嗜血杆菌Ⅷ型Haemophilus influenzae流感嗜血杆菌Haemophilus parainfluenzae I副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅰ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae II副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅱ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae III副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅲ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae IV副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅳ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae V副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅴ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae VI副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅵ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae VII副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅶ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae VIII副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅷ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae副流感嗜血杆菌Haemophilus paraphrophilus副嗜沫嗜血杆菌Haemophilus somnus睡眠嗜血杆菌Hafinia alvei蜂房哈夫尼亚菌Hansenula polymorpha多形汉逊酵母Hansenula saturnus土星汉逊酵母Helicobacter cinaedi同性恋螺杆菌Helicobacter fennelliae芬纳尔螺杆菌Helicobacter pylori幽门螺杆菌Klebsiella ornithinolytica解鸟氨酸克雷伯菌Klebsiella oxytoca产酸克雷伯菌Klebsiella planticola植生克雷伯菌Klebsiella pneumonia ozaenae肺炎克雷伯菌臭鼻亚种Klebsiella pneumonia rhinoscleromati肺炎克雷伯菌鼻硬结亚种Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumoniae肺炎克雷伯菌肺炎亚种Klebsiella terrigena土生克雷伯菌Kloeckera apiculata柠檬克勒克酵母Kloeckera apis蜜蜂克勒克酵母Kloeckera japonica日本克勒克酵母Kloeckera spp克勒克酵母某些种Kluyvera ascorbata抗坏血酸克吕沃尔菌Kluyvera cryocrescens栖冷克吕沃尔菌Kluyvera spp克吕沃尔菌属某些种Kluyvera terrigena土生克雷伯菌Kocuria kristinae克氏库克菌玫瑰色库克菌（=玫瑰色微球菌）Kocuria roseus （=Micrococcus roseus变异库克菌（=变异微球菌）Kocuria varians （=Micrococcus variansKoserella trabulsii特氏科泽菌Kytococcus sedentaruis不动盖球菌Lactobacillus acidophilus嗜酸乳杆菌Lactobacillus fermentium发酵乳杆菌Lactobacillus jensenii詹氏乳杆菌Lactococcus garvieae格氏乳球菌Lactococcus lactis cremoris乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种Lactococcus lactis lactis乳酸乳球菌乳亚种Lactococcus raffinolactis棉子糖乳球菌Leclercia adcarboxglata非脱羧勒克菌Leptotrichia buccalis口腔纤毛菌Leuconostoc spp明串珠菌属某些种Listeria grayi格氏利斯特菌Listeria innocua无害利斯特菌Listeria ivanovii伊氏利斯特菌Listeria ivanovii依氏利斯特菌Listeria monocytogenes单核细胞增生利斯特菌Listeria seeligeri斯氏利斯特菌Listeria spp利斯特菌属某些种Listeria welshimeri威氏利斯特菌Listeria welshimeri魏氏利斯特菌Luconostoc spp明串珠菌属某些种Microbacterium spp微小杆菌属某些种Micrococcus luteus滕黄微球菌Micrococcus lylae莱拉微球菌Micrococcus lylae里拉微球菌Micrococcus spp微球菌属某些种Mobiluncus curtisii克氏动弯杆菌Mobiluncus mulieris羞怯动弯杆菌Mobiluncus spp动弯杆菌属某些种Moellerella spp米勒菌属某些种Moellerella wisconsensis威斯康星米勒菌Moraxella lacunata腔隙莫拉菌Moraxella nonliquefaciens非液化莫拉菌Moraxella osloensis奥斯陆莫拉菌Moraxella spp莫拉菌属某些种Morganella morganii摩氏摩根菌Neisseria cinerea灰色奈瑟球菌Neisseria gonorrhoeae淋病奈瑟球菌Neisseria lactamica乳糖奈瑟球菌Neisseria meningitidis脑膜炎奈瑟球菌Neisseria mucosa粘液奈瑟球菌Neisseria polysaccharea多糖奈瑟球菌Neisseria sicca干燥奈瑟球菌Neisseria spp奈瑟菌属某些种Neisseria subflava微黄奈瑟球菌Nocardia spp奴卡菌属某些种Ochrobactrum anthropi人苍白杆菌Oerskovia spp厄氏菌属某些种Oerskovia xanthineolytica溶黄嘌呤厄菌Oligella ureolytica解脲寡源杆菌Oligella urethralis尿道寡源杆菌Pantoea spp泛菌属某些种Pasteurella aerogenes产气巴斯德菌Pasteurella gr.EF4 巴斯菌群EF4 Pasteurella haemolytica溶血巴斯德菌Pasteurella multocida多杀巴斯德菌Pasteurella pneumotropica侵肺巴斯德菌Pasteurella spp巴斯德菌属某些种Peptococcus niger黑色消化球菌Peptostreptococcus anaerobius厌氧消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus不解糖消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus indolicus产吲哚消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus indolicus吲哚消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus magnus大消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus micros微小消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus prevotii普氏消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus spp消化链球菌属某些种Photobacterium damsela美人鱼发光杆菌Pichia carsonii卡氏毕赤酵母Pichia etchellsii埃切毕赤酵母Pichia farinosa粉状毕赤酵母Pichia ohmeri奥默毕赤酵母Pichia spartinae斯巴达克毕赤酵母Plesimonas shigelloides类志贺邻单胞菌Porphyromonas asaccharolytica不解糖卟啉单胞菌Porphyromonas endodontalis牙髓卟啉单胞菌Porphyromonas gingivalis牙龈卟啉单胞菌Prevotella bivia二路普雷沃尔菌Prevotella buccae颊普雷沃菌Prevotella buccalis口颊普雷沃菌Prevotella denticola栖牙普雷沃菌Prevotella disiens解糖胨普雷沃菌Prevotella intermedia中间普雷沃菌Prevotella loescheii洛氏普雷沃菌Prevotella melaninogenica产黑色普雷沃菌Prevotella oralis口腔普雷沃菌Prevotella oris（=Bacteroides oris口普雷沃菌（=口拟杆菌）Propionibacterium acnes疮疱丙酸杆菌Propionibacterium avidum贪婪丙酸杆菌Propionibacterium granulosum颗粒丙酸杆菌Propionibacterium propionicum丙酸丙酸杆菌Proteus mirabilis奇异变形杆菌Proteus penneri彭氏变形杆菌Proteus vuigaris普通变形杆菌Prototheca wickerhamii魏氏原壁菌Providencia alcalifaciens产碱普罗威登斯菌Providencia rettgeri雷氏普罗威登斯菌Providencia rustigianii拉氏普罗威登斯菌Providencia stuartii斯氏普罗威登斯菌Providencia stuartii/ alcalifaciens 氏/产碱普罗威登斯菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa铜绿假单胞菌Pseudomonas alcaligenes产碱假单胞菌Pseudomonas fluorescens荧光假单胞菌Pseudomonas mendocina门多萨假单胞菌Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes假产碱假单胞菌Pseudomonas putida恶臭假单胞菌Pseudomonas spp假单胞菌属某些种Pseudomonas sputita恶臭假单胞菌Pseudomonas stutzeri施氏假单胞菌Pseudomonsa aeruginosa铜绿假单胞菌Pseudomonsa fluorescens荧光假单胞菌Pseudomonsa pseudomallei类鼻疽假单胞菌Pseudomonsa putida恶臭假单胞菌Pseudomonsa spp假单胞菌属某些种Rahnella aquatilis水生拉恩菌Rhodococcus spp红球菌属某些种Rhodotorula glutinis红酵母Rhodotorula glutinis粘红酵母Rhodotorula minuta小红酵母Rhodotorula mucilaginosa粘质红酵母Rothia dentocariosa龋齿罗菌Saccharomyces cerevisiae酿酒酵母Saccharomyces kluyverii克鲁费酵母Salmonella arizonae亚利桑那沙门菌Salmonella choleraesuis猪霍乱沙门菌Salmonella enteritidis肠炎沙门菌Salmonella gallinarum鸡沙门菌Salmonella paratyphi A甲型副伤寒沙门菌Salmonella paratyphi B乙型副伤寒沙门菌Salmonella pullorum鸡白痢沙门菌Salmonella spp沙门菌属某些种Salmonella typhi伤寒沙门菌Salmonella typhimurium鼠伤寒沙门菌Serratia ficaria无花果沙雷菌Serratia fonticola居泉沙雷菌Serratia liquefaciens液化沙雷菌Serratia marcescens粘质沙雷菌Serratia odorifera 1 味沙雷菌1型Serratia odorifera 2 味沙雷菌2型Serratia odorifera气味沙雷菌Serratia plymuthica普城沙雷菌Serratia proteamaculans变形斑沙雷菌Serratia putrefaciens腐败沙雷菌Serratia rubidaea深红沙雷菌Shewanella putrefaciens腐败希瓦菌Shigella bogdii鲍氏志贺菌Shigella dysenteriae痢疾志贺菌Shigella flexneri弗氏志贺菌Shigella sonnei索氏志贺菌Shigella spp志贺菌属某些种Sphingobacterium multivorum多食鞘氨醇杆菌Sphingobacterium Spiritivovum嗜神鞘氨醇杆菌Sphingobacterium spiritovorum食神鞘氨醇杆菌Sphingomonas paucimobilis少动鞘氨醇单胞菌Sporobolomyces salmonicolor赭色掷孢酵母Staphylococcus arlettae阿尔莱特葡萄球菌Staphylococcus aureus金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus auricularis耳葡萄球菌Staphylococcus capitis头状葡萄球菌Staphylococcus caprae山羊葡萄球菌Staphylococcus carnosus肉葡萄球菌Staphylococcus chromogenes产色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus cohnii cohnii科氏葡萄球菌科氏亚种Staphylococcus cohnii urealyticum科氏葡萄球菌解脲亚种Staphylococcus epidermidis表皮葡萄球菌Staphylococcus equorum马胃葡萄球菌Staphylococcus gallinarum鸡葡萄球菌Staphylococcus haemolyticus溶血葡萄球菌Staphylococcus hominis人葡萄球菌Staphylococcus hyicus猪葡萄球菌Staphylococcus intermedius中间葡萄球菌Staphylococcus kloosii克氏葡萄球菌Staphylococcus lentus缓慢葡萄球菌Staphylococcus lugdunensis路邓葡萄球菌Staphylococcus saccharolylicus解糖葡萄球菌Staphylococcus saprophyticus腐生葡萄球菌Staphylococcus schleiferi施氏葡萄球菌Staphylococcus sciuri松鼠葡萄球菌Staphylococcus simulans模仿葡萄球菌Staphylococcus warneri沃氏葡萄球菌Staphylococcus xylosus木糖葡萄球菌Stenotrophomonas maltophilia嗜麦寡养食单胞菌Stenotrophomonas maltophilia嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌Stomatococcus mucilaginosus粘滑口腔球菌Streptococcus acidominimus少酸链球菌Streptococcus agalactiae无乳链球菌Streptococcus alactolyticus非解乳糖链球菌Streptococcus anginosus咽峡炎链球菌Streptococcus bovis I牛链球菌Ⅰ型Streptococcus bovis II牛链球菌Ⅱ型Streptococcus canis狗链球菌Streptococcus constellatus星座链球菌Streptococcus downei汗毛链球菌Streptococcus dysgalactiae equlsimili停乳链球菌似马亚种Streptococcus dysgalactiae停乳链球菌停乳亚种Streptococcus equi equi马链球菌马亚种Streptococcus equi zooepidemicus马链球菌兽瘟亚种Streptococcus equinus马肠链球菌Streptococcus gordonii格氏链球菌Streptococcus gr L 群链球菌Streptococcus intermadius中间链球菌Streptococcus mitis缓症链球菌Streptococcus mutans变异链球菌Streptococcus oralis口腔链球菌Streptococcus parasanguis副血链球菌Streptococcus penumoniae肺炎链球菌Streptococcus porcinus豕链球菌Streptococcus pyogenes化脓链球菌Streptococcus salivarius salivarius唾液链球菌唾液亚种Streptococcus salivarius thermophilus唾液链球菌嗜热亚种Streptococcus sanguis血链球菌Streptococcus sobrinus表兄链球菌Streptococcus suis I猪链球菌Ⅰ型Streptococcus suis II猪链球菌Ⅱ型Streptococcus uberis乳房链球菌Streptococcus vestibularis前庭链球菌Tatumella ptyseos痰塔特姆菌Trichosporon asahii阿氏丝孢酵母Trichosporon asteroides星状丝孢酵母Trichosporon inkin墨汁丝孢酵母Trichosporon mucoides粘性丝孢酵母Trichosporon ovoides卵形丝孢酵母Trichosporon spp丝孢酵母某些种Veillonella parvula小韦荣球菌Veillonella spp韦荣氏球菌属某些种Versinia enterocolitica小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌Versinia pseudotuberculosis假结核耶尔森菌Vibrio alginolyiicus解藻朊酸弧菌Vibrio cholerae霍乱弧菌Vibrio fluvialis弗氏弧菌Vibrio fluvialis河流孤菌Vibrio hollisae霍氏弧菌Vibrio metschnikovi梅氏弧菌Vibrio mimicus最小弧菌Vibrio parahaemolyticus副溶血弧菌Vibrio vulnficus创伤弧菌Weeksella virosa有毒威克斯菌Weeksella zoohelcum动物溃疡威克斯菌Yersinia enterocolitica小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌Yersinia frederiksenii弗氏耶尔森菌Yersinia intermedia中间耶尔森菌Yersinia kristensenii克氏耶尔森菌Yersinia pestis鼠疫耶尔森菌Yersinia pseudotuberculosis假结核耶尔森菌Yersinia ruckeri鲁氏耶尔森菌Zygosaccharomyces spp接合酵母属某些种。
微生物学细菌中英翻译及促生素概论
清酒乳杆菌(Lactobacillus sakei),弯曲乳杆菌(Lactobacillus curvatus),明串珠菌属的肠膜明串珠菌(Leuconostoc mesenteroides)和非培养的明串珠菌(Uncultured Leuconostoc sp.)清酒乳杆菌清酒亚种(Lactobacillus sakei subsp.sakei)弯曲乳杆菌蜜二糖亚种(Lactobacillus curvatus subsp.melibiosus)粪肠球菌（E.faecalis）屎肠球菌（E.faecium)鸟肠球菌(E.avium) 酪黄肠球菌(E.casseliflavus)坚忍肠球菌(E.durans) 鸡肠球菌E.galinarum)芒地肠球菌(E.mundii) 恶臭肠球菌(E.maladoratum)希拉肠球菌(E.hirae) 孤立肠球菌（E.solitarius）棉子糖肠球菌(E.raffinosus) 假鸟肠球菌(E.pseudoavium)粪肠球变异株(E.faecalis var)。
Abiotrophia adjacens 毗邻贫养菌Abiotrophia defectiva 软弱贫养菌Achromobacter spp 无色杆菌属某些种Acinetobacter /Pseudomonas spp 不动杆菌/假单胞菌属某些种Acinetobacter baumannii 鲍氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter calcoaceticus 醋酸钙不动杆菌Acinetobacter haemolyticus 溶血不动杆菌Acinetobacter johnsonii 约氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter junii 琼氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter lwoffii 鲁氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter radioresistens 抗辐射不动杆菌Acinetobacter spp 不动杆菌属某些种Acinetobacter spp/Pseudomonas spp 不动杆菌属某些种/假单胞菌属某些种Acinetobacter/Pseudomonas spp 不动杆菌/假单胞菌属某些种Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans 伴放线放线杆菌Actinomyces israelii 衣氏放线菌Actinomyces meyeri 麦氏放线菌Actinomyces naeslundii 内氏放线菌Actinomyces neuii anitratus 纽氏放线菌无硝亚种Actinomyces neuii neuii 纽氏放线菌纽氏亚种Actinomyces neuii radingae 纽氏放线菌罗亚种Actinomyces neuii turicensis 纽氏放线菌图列茨亚种Actinomyces odontolyticus 龋齿放线菌Actinomyces viscosus 粘放线菌Aeromonas caviae 豚鼠气单胞菌Aeromonas hydrophila 嗜水气单胞菌Aeromonas hydrophila gr．嗜水气单胞菌群Aeromonas salmonicida achromogenes 杀鲑气单胞菌无色亚种Aeromonas salmonicida masoucida 杀鲑气单胞菌杀日本鲑亚种Aeromonas salmonicida salmonicida 杀鲑气单胞菌杀鲑亚种Aeromonas sobria 温和气单胞菌Agrobacterium radiobacter 放射形土壤杆菌Alcaligenes denitrificans 反硝化产碱菌Alcaligenes faecalis 粪产碱菌Alcaligenes spp 产碱菌属某些种Alcaligenes xylosoxidans 木糖氧化产碱菌Alloiococcus otitis 耳炎差异球菌Anaerobiospirllum succiniproducens 产琥珀酸厌氧螺菌Arachnia propionica 丙酸蛛菌Arcanobacterium bernardiae 伯纳德隐秘杆菌Arcanobacterium haemolyticum 溶血隐秘杆菌Arcanobacterium pyogenes 化脓隐秘杆菌Arcobacter cryaerohoilus 嗜低温弓形杆菌Arthrobacter spp 节杆菌属某些种Debaryomyces polymorphus 多形德巴利酵母菌Dermabacter hominis 人皮肤杆菌Dermacoccus nishinomiyaensis 西宫皮肤球菌Dietzia spp 迪茨菌属某些种Edwardsiella hoshinae 保科爱德华菌Edwardsiella tarda 迟钝爱德华菌Eikenella corrodens 啮蚀艾肯菌Enterobacter aerogenes 产气肠杆菌Enterobacter amnigenus 河生肠杆菌Enterobacter asburiae 阿氏肠杆菌Enterobacter cancerogenus 生癌肠杆菌Enterobacter cloacae 阴沟肠杆菌Enterobacter gergoviae 日沟维肠杆菌Enterobacter intermedius 中间肠杆菌Enterobacter sakazakii 阪崎肠杆菌Enterobacter spp 肠杆菌属某些种Enterococcus avium 鸟肠球菌Enterococcus casselifavus 铅黄肠球菌Enterococcus durans 耐久肠球菌Enterococcus faecalis 粪肠球菌Enterococcus faecium 屎肠球菌Enterococcus gallinarum 鹑鸡肠球菌Enterococcus saccharolyticus 解糖肠球菌Erwinia spp 欧文菌属某些种Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae 猪红斑丹毒丝菌Escherichia coli 大肠埃希菌Escherichia fergusonii 费格森埃希菌Escherichia hermannii 赫氏埃希菌Escherichia vulneris 伤口埃希菌Eubacterium aerofaciens 产气真杆菌Eubacterium lentum 迟缓真杆菌Eubacterium limosum 粘液真杆菌Ewingella americana 美洲爱文菌促生素：概论简介发酵乳形态的促生素历史要追溯回数千年前，但直到本世纪初期才根据科学原理进行科学性研究。
微生物学术语双语(中英文)对照
Brock Biology of MicroorganismsBilingual Glossary（For Internal Circulation Only）微生物学术语双语（中英文）对照北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院微生物教研室谢响明生物秀－专心做生物ｗｗｗ．ｂｂｉｏｏ．ｃｏｍ2007年6月10日Catalogue目录Chapter1 Microorganisms and MicrobiologyChapter 2 An Overview of Microbial LifeChapter 3 MacromoleculesChapter 4 Cell Structure/FunctionChapter5 Nutrition, Laboratory Culture, and Metabolism of MicroorganismsChapter 6 Microbial GrowthChapter 7 Principles of Microbial Molecular Biology Chapter 8 Regulation of Gene ExpressionChapter 9 Essentials of VirologyChapter 10 Bacterial GeneticsChapter 11 Microbial Evolution and Systematics Chapter 15 Microbial GenomicsChapter 18 Methods in Microbial EcologyChapter 19 Microbial Habitats, Nutrients Cycles Chapter 20 Microbial Growth ControlBilingual Glossary for MicrobiologyChapter 1Landmark：里程碑Ramifications：分支non-cellular life ：非细胞生命prion：朊病毒microbial diversity and evolution：微生物的多样性和进化pathogens：病原体genetic engineering：基因工程entity：实体macromolecules：大分子Reproduction：繁殖Differentiation：分化Communication：信息沟通coding devices：编码机制attributes：特征，品质coordination.：协调regulation：调节optimally attuned to最适地调和populations：种群habitat.：生境assemblages：集合体microbial communities：微生物群落biofilms：生物被膜hot springs：温泉Aquatic：水生的Terrestrial：陆生的Prokaryotic cells：原核细胞ecosystem ：生态系统biomass：生物量nitrogen：氮phosphorus：磷Bubonic Plague：鼠疫Fleas：跳蚤Mortality：死亡率Grotesque：奇异Liquefy：液化Influenza and pneumonia：流感和肺炎Tuberculosis：肺结核spontaneous generation：自然发生学说microbes：微生物Broth：肉汤Flask：烧瓶Guncotton filters：棉花滤器Dissolved：溶解的Ether：醚Particles：微粒flask with swan neck：曲颈瓶sterilization：灭菌vaccines：疫苗anthrax：炭疽热fowl cholera：禽流感rabies：狂犬病Germ theory：病菌说Koch’s postulates：科赫假设(法则) contagious diseases：传染病artificially infected animals：人工感染的动物Solid medium：固体培养基Gelatin：明胶Agar：琼脂Colony formation：菌落形成Differential staining：鉴别染色Pure culture：纯培养isolation：分离, 隔离inoculation：接种Tuberculin：结核菌素Diagnosis：诊断Subdisciplines：（学科的）分支enrichment culture：富集培养aerobic：需氧的N-fixing bacteria：固氮细菌sulfate-reducing：硫酸盐还原sulfur-oxidizing bacteria：硫氧化细菌root nodule：根瘤Lactobacillus：乳酸杆菌tobacco mosaic virus：烟草花叶病毒tenets：原则virology：病毒学nitrifying bacteria：硝化细菌nitrification：硝化作用oxidation of ammonia to nitrate：从氨氧化为硝酸盐hydrogen sulfide：硫化氰chemolithotrophy：无机化能营养型autotrophs：自养生物anaerobe ：厌氧生物Clostridium pasteurianum：巴斯德羧菌属Medical microbiology and immunology：医学微生物学和免疫学Aquatic microbiology：水生微生物学Microbial ecology：微生物生态学Microbial systematic：微生物的系统学Microbial physiology：微生物生理学Cytology ：细胞学Bacterial genetics：细菌遗传学Chapter 2Evolutionary History：进化史Elements：原理，基础Viral Structure：病毒结构The Tree of Life：生命树Physiological：生理学的Eukaryotic：真核的Cytoplasmic (cell)membrane：细胞质膜Cytoplasm：细胞质Macromolecules：大分子Ribosome：核糖体organic molecules：有机分子inorganic ions：无机离子rod-shaped prokaryote：杆状原核生物organelles：细胞器Archaea：古生菌Nucleus：细胞核（nuclear的复数）Mitochondrion（Mitochondrion复数）线粒体Chloroplast：叶绿体Metazoans：后生生物Cytoplasmic：细胞质的Membrane：膜，隔膜Endoplasmic reticulum：内质网Nucleoid：类核，拟核Nucleolus：核仁Nuclear：核的，细胞核Static：静态的metabolic abilities：代谢能力biosynthetic：生物合成genetic alterations：遗传改造Genomes：基因组Chromosome：染色体Circular：环状copy：拷贝haploid：单倍体extrachromosomal：染色体外的plasmids：质粒conferring：赋予properties：性质，特性Packaged ：包裹的Yeast：酵母Folding：折叠的Packing：包装gene expression：基因表达diploid：二倍体cell division：细胞分裂mitosis：有丝分裂mitotic division：有丝分裂a full complement of genes：一整套基因meiosis：减数分裂gametes：配子sexual reproduction：有性繁殖Fusion：融合Zygote：接合子，受精卵Sequenced：测序的Phylogeny：系统发生Phylogenetically：系统发生地deduced from 从推论出comparative sequencing：比较测序Ribosomal RNA：核糖体RNAbarometers ：气压计clinic：临床microbiology：微生物学identical copies：相同的拷贝polymerase chain reaction (PCR)：聚合酶链式反应aligned ：排列的algorithm：运算法则pair-wise comparisons：配对比较Domains：域Lineages：血统，世系Proteobacteria：蛋白细菌Cyanobacteria：蓝细菌Hyperthermophiles：极端嗜热菌Methanogens：产甲烷菌extreme halophiles：极端嗜盐菌slime molds：黏菌flagellates：鞭毛虫giardia：双滴虫（贾弟虫属）Eukarya (eukaryotes)：真核生物Morphology：形态学Motility：运动性Mechanism：机制Developmental biology：发育生物学Adaptation：适应environmental extremes：极端环境Organic chemicals：有机化合物Inorganic chemicals：无机化合物Oxidizing：氧化Conserved：保存，保留high-energy compound：高能量化合物Aerobes：需氧生物Anaerobes：厌氧生物Chemoorganotrophs：化能有机营养生物Chemolithotrophs：化能无机营养生物Phototrophic：光和营养的Pigments：色素major nutrient：主要营养Heterotrophic：异养的Autotrophic：自养的Autotrophs；自养生物primary producers：初级生产者extreme environmental habitats：极端环境生境extremophiles：极端环境微生物，嗜极菌hot spring：温泉tolerant ：忍耐的pathogenic：致病的Phylum：门Aquifex：产液菌属Thermotoga：栖热孢菌属green nonsulfur bacteria：绿色非硫细菌deinococcus：异常球菌属spirochetes：螺旋体green sulfur bacteria紫硫细菌planctomyces：浮霉状菌属phylogenetic：系统发生的depicted：描述的marine：海洋halobacterium：盐杆菌属natronobacterium：嗜盐碱杆菌属halophilic methanogens：嗜盐产烷生物methanosarcina：甲烷八叠球菌属thermoplasma：热源体属methanobacterium：甲烷杆菌属methanococcus：甲烷球菌属pyrococcus：火球菌属pyrolobus：热叶菌属methanopyrus：嗜热甲烷菌属thermoproteus：热变形菌属desulfurococcus：硫还原球菌属sulfolobus：硫化叶菌属hyperthermophiles：嗜热细菌halophiles：嗜盐菌acidophiles：嗜酸菌filamentous：丝状的Protozoans：原生动物Motile：运动的Lichens：地衣Diplomonads：双滴虫Trichomonads：毛滴虫，微孢子虫Flagellates：鞭毛虫Ciliates：纤毛虫Green algae：绿藻Red algae：红藻Fungi：真菌Diatoms：硅藻属Brown algae：褐藻Apex：顶点Chapter 4Locomotion:运动、行动Inclusions：内含物、包涵物Light Microscopy：光学显微镜Bright-field：明视野Phase contrast：相差Dark-field：暗视野Fluorescence：荧光Magnification：放大率Resolution：分辨率Staining：染色Increasing Contrast for Bright-Field Microscopy：提高明视野显微镜的对比效果positively charged (cationic)：带正电的（阳离子，正离子）negatively charged：带负电的polysaccharide：多糖cationic dyes：阳离子染料Methylene blue：亚甲蓝Crystal violet：结晶紫Safranin：番红Differential stains-Gram stain：鉴别染色—格兰氏染色Gram-positive：格兰氏阳性Gram-negative：格兰氏阴性ethanol decolorizing：乙醇脱色refractive index：折射率specimen：样品scatter：分散，散射chlorophyll (autofluorescence)：叶绿素（自身荧光）Three-Dimensional Imaging：三维成像Drawbacks：限制，缺点Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy (DIC)：相差干涉显微镜Nucleus：核Eukaryotic cells：真核细胞Spores：孢子、芽孢Vacuole：液泡Granule：颗粒internal structure：内部结构Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)：原子力显微镜Fixatives:固定剂Coatings：膜、层、覆盖物Hydrated：水合物Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (CSLM)：聚焦扫描激光显微镜Couples：连接，伴随Habitat：生境resolving power：分辨率vacuum：真空Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)：透射电子显微镜thin sectioning, 超薄切片EM staining：电子显微镜染色Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)：扫描电子显微镜external features：外部特征prokaryote：原核生物Coccus (cocci)：球菌Rod：杆菌Spirilla：螺菌Spirochetes：螺旋体Appendaged bacteria：附属细菌Filamentous bacteria：丝状细菌in general inversely proportional to cell size：从大体上说是于细胞大小成反比的nanobacteria：纳米细菌precipitates：沉淀物biofilms：生物膜surface-to-volume (S/V) ratio表面积与体积比Membrane Transport Systems：膜运输系统Peptidoglycan：肽聚糖outer Membrane：外膜Glycerol backbone：甘油主键fatty acids：脂肪酸phosphate-containing groups-ester linkage：含有磷酸的基团—酯键phospholipid bilayer：磷脂双分子层hydrophobic：疏水的hydrophilic：亲水的phosphate group：磷酸基团embedded：内嵌的hydrophobic external surface spanning the membrane：疏水的外表面跨膜hydrogen bonds：氢键hydrophobic interaction：疏水相互作用transverse：横切fluid mosaic：流动镶嵌Membrane Strengthening Agents: Sterols and Hopanoids：膜巩固剂：固醇和类何帕烷chemical composition：化学组分methanotrophic：嗜甲烷细菌mycoplasmas：支原体exception：例外side chains：侧链isoprene：异戊二烯Glycerol diethers：甘油二醚glycerol tetraethers：甘油四醚monolayers：单分子层hyperthermophilic：极端嗜热Permeability barrier：渗透屏障（透性障）passive leakage：被动泄漏Protein anchor：蛋白锚定Energy conservation：能量贮存Proton motive force：质子动力Aquaporins：水通道蛋白low osmotic conditions：低渗透势条件hypo-osmotic shock：低渗透压休克Simple diffusion：简单扩散Carrier-mediated process：载体介导过程Uptake：摄取、吸收Saturated：饱和的Symporter：同向运输蛋白Uniporter:单向运输蛋白Antiporters：逆向运输蛋白Lac Permease：乳糖透过酶Lactose：乳糖Group translocation：基团转位Phosphotransferase system：磷酸转移酶系统Glucose：葡萄糖Mannose：甘露糖Fructose：果糖Phosphorylation：磷酸化Dephosphorylation：去磷酸化cascading fashion：级联方式phosphoenolpyruvate：磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸Periplasmic：周质的periplasmic -binding protein：周质结合蛋白maltose：麦芽糖disaccharide sugar：双糖a family of related proteins：相关蛋白的家族High affinity for substrate：对底物的高亲和力Hydrolysis：水解drive transport across the membrane：促进跨膜运输translocase：移位酶amylase：淀粉酶cellulase：纤维素酶starch：淀粉cellulose：纤维素toxin：毒素deleterious：有害的solutes：溶质turgor pressure：膨胀压Multilayered structure and complex：多层结构和复合体Periplasm space：周质空间Teichoic acids:磷壁酸ribitol phosphate residues核糖醇磷酸盐残基Lipoteichoic acid：脂磷壁酸Murein：胞壁质Derive：衍生物N-acetylglucosamine (G)：N—乙酰葡糖胺N-acetylmuramic acid (M)：N—乙酰胞壁酸L-alanine：L—丙氨酸D-glutamic acid：D—谷氨酸L-lysine：L—赖氨酸diaminopimelic acid (DAP)：二氨基庚二酸tetrapeptide：四肽glycan：聚糖ß-1,4 linkage：ß-1,4连接interbridge：肽间桥capsular polymers：荚膜Protoplasts：原生质体Spheroplasts：原生质球Mycoplasma：支原体Osmotically：渗透地Thermoplasma：热原体属Lysozyme：溶菌酶Penicillin：青霉素ß-1,4 –glycosidic bonds：ß-1,4糖苷键saliva：唾液autolysin：自溶素transpeptidation：转肽Pseudopeptidoglycan：假肽聚糖N-acetyltalosaminuronic acids：N-乙酰塔罗糖胺糖醛酸Glycosidic bonds：糖苷键Polysaccharide：多糖Glycoprotein：糖蛋白Methanosarcina：甲烷八叠球菌glucuronic acid葡糖醛酸：galactosamine：半乳糖胺acetate：乙酸haiophilic Archaea：嗜盐古生菌Halococcus：盐球菌Paracrystalline surface layer：类结晶表面层hexagonal symmetry：六角对称lipopolysaccharide (LPS layer) ：脂多糖Core polysaccharide：核心多糖O-polysaccharide：O—特异侧链LipidA：类脂ADisaccharide：双糖Endotoxin：内毒素Pathogenic：致病的Shigella：志贺氏菌属mol-weight ：分子量Hydrolytic enzymes：水解酶Chemoreceptor：化学受体Flagella：鞭毛（复数）Flagellum：鞭毛Peritrichous：周生Polar：极生Lophotrichous：丛生Filament：鞭毛丝Flagellin：鞭毛蛋白Hook：钩motor portion：motor蛋白L-ring：L环P-ring：P环MS-ring：MS环Flexing：摆动Cheetah：猎豹Gliding：滑动Cyanobacteria：蓝细菌Myxococcus xanthus：黄色粘球菌physical or chemical gradients：物理或化学梯度Chemotaxes：趋化性Phototaxes：趋光性Other Taxes：其他趋性Temporal：时间的Spatial：空间的Tumbles：翻滚Attractant：引诱剂Scotophobotaxis (darkness escaping phototaxis)：避暗趋光性Aerotaxis：趋氧性Osmotaxis：趋渗透性Elucidated：阐述signal transduction pathway,：信号传导途径Gas Vesicle：气泡Endospore：芽孢Fimbriae：菌毛Pili：性毛Pellicles：菌膜Conjugation：接合Symmetries：对称性Capsules and Slime Layers:荚膜和黏液层The Glycocalyx：多糖包被Matrix：矩阵Deformed：变形Phagocytic：吞噬细胞的Desiccation：干燥作用Carbon Storage Polymers：碳源贮存物PHB, poly-ß-hydroxybutyric acid：聚ß羟丁酸PHA, poly-ß-hydroxyalkanoate：聚ß羟基链烷酸Magnetosomes：磁小体Intracellular crystal particles：细胞内晶体颗粒Magnetotaxis：趋磁性aquatic Bacteria：水生细菌buoyancy：浮力purple and green phototrophic bacteria：紫色和绿色光养细菌watertight：防水的ribs：脊ß-sheet：ß折叠ą-helix：ą螺旋Germination：萌发Halotolerant：耐盐的Permian：休眠Dominican amberGut：消化道Morphology：形态学Refractile：折光的Exosporium：孢子外壁Cortex：皮层Calcium-dipicolinic acid complex：钙—吡啶二羧酸Cytoplasm：细胞质Small acid-soluble spore proteins (SASPs：酸溶小芽孢蛋白Ceases：终止Sporulation：芽孢形成Bacillus subtili：枯草芽孢杆菌s Outgrowth：生长Chapter 51. Oxidation-Reduction 氧化还原反应2. Catabolic Pathways 异化途径3. Proton Motive Force 质子动势4. Macronutrients 大量营养元素5. Cytochromes 细胞色素6. cellular respiration 细胞呼吸7. Siderophores 铁传递蛋白8. hydroxamate, 异羟肟酸9．enterobactin 肠杆菌素10．Acuqchelin儿茶酚11. Micronutrients 微量营养元素12. Trace elements微量元素13. Streptococcus链球菌属14. Lactobacillus乳杆菌属15. Leuconostoc明串球菌属16. distilled water 蒸馏水17. casein 酪蛋白18. soybean 大豆19. Leuconostoc mesenteroides肠膜明串珠菌20. Fastidious 营养复杂的，挑剔的21. Aseptic Technique 无菌技术22. Exergonic 放能的23. Endergonic 吸能的24. Redox 氧化还原作用25. hydrogen atom 氢原子26. reactants 反应物27. Chemoorganotrophy 化能有机营养28. Photophosphorylation 光和磷酸化29. Pyruvate 丙酮酸盐（或酯）30. Glycolysis 糖酵解31. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate 3-磷酸甘油醛32. Saccharomyces cerevisa e啤酒酵母33. Beverage 饮料34. Yogurt 酸奶酪，酵母乳35. Pickled vegetables 盐渍蔬菜36. anaerobically 厌氧地37. Aerobic oxidation 有氧氧化38. Anaerobic oxidation 无氧氧化39. Dehydrogenase 脱氢酶40. Flavoproteins 黄素蛋白41. Iron-sulfur proteins 铁硫蛋白42. Quinones-non-protein 辅酶Q43. Heme 亚铁血红素44. Chemiosmosis 化学渗透势45. electrochemically potential 电子势46. alkaline 碱性的47. headpiece 帽子，头盔48. cyanide 氰化物49. Dinitrophenol(DNP) 二硝基苯酚50. Dicumarol 血液凝固防止剂51. the Citric Acid Cycle 柠檬酸循环52. aerobic respiration有氧呼吸53. Nitrate 硝酸盐54. ferric iron 铁离子55. sulfate 硫酸盐56. carbonate 碳酸盐57. Chemolithotrophy 矿质（无机）化能营养58. Ammonia 氨，氨水59. Chemolithotrophs 化能自养60. chemoorganotrophs 化能异养61. Phototrophy 光合营养62. Photoautotrophs 光合自养生物63. Phtoheterotrophs 光合异养生物64. Catabolism 分解代谢65. Anabolism 合成代谢Chapter 6Binary Fission二分裂Peptidoglycan肽聚糖Viable Counts活菌计数Turbidity浊度Continuous Culture连续培养Preexisting先前存在的Duplicate复制Monomers单体Coenzymes辅酶Cofactors辅助因子Polymerization reactions聚合反应Polymers聚合体Fts（f ilamentous t emperature s ensitive ）Protein ：丝状温敏蛋白mitochondria 线粒体chloroplasts叶绿体tubulin微管蛋白Divisome：分裂体Apparatus设备，仪器Cylinder圆柱体polymerize to form an intact ring聚合形成完整环penicillin青霉素MreBhomology 相同actin肌动蛋白cytoskeleton细胞骨架structural integrity结构的完整性autolysins自溶素lysozyme溶解酵素bactoprenol:细菌萜醇N-acetyl glucosamine N-乙酰葡糖胺N-acetylemuramic acid N-乙酰胞壁酸Pentapeptide peptidoglycan precursors五肽肽聚糖前体物Transpeptidation 转肽作用muramic acid residues 胞壁酸残基adjacent glycan chains 邻近多糖链noteworthy 值得注目的periplasm 周质Unsterilized 未灭菌的Detrimental 有害的Slope 斜面Semilogarithmic 半对数的Vessel 导管，器皿Elapsed时间流逝Inoculum 接种体Cryptic 秘密的Counting chambers：计数室plate count 平板计数colony count菌落计数Serial Dilutions 系列稀释Statistically：统计学地colony-forming unit 菌落形成单位Anomaly 不规则Magnitude 数量，量级Photometer 光度计Spectrophotometer 分光光度计The Chemostat 恒化器Cardinal 主要的，最重要的Optimum 最适宜的Pschrophile 嗜冷生物Mesophile 嗜温生物Thermophile 嗜热生物Hyperthermophile 极端嗜热生物Extremophiles 极端生物Psychrotolerant 耐寒的unsaturated fatty acids 不饱和脂肪酸morphological and physiological types形态的和生理的类型a critical amino acid substitution关键的氨基酸替代物counterpart 副本，配对物hydrophobic interiors 疏水的内部saturated fatty acids 饱和脂肪酸isoprene 异戊二烯monolayer 单层melting 熔化annealing退火Acidophile 嗜酸细菌Thiobacillus硫杆菌属Sulfolobus 硫化叶菌属Thermoplasma热源体属Alkaliphile 嗜碱微生物Carotenoids：类胡萝卜素Proteases 蛋白酶Lipases 脂肪酶Detergent 清洁剂Water activity：水活度vapor pressure 蒸汽压Osmophiles 嗜渗透微生物Xerophiles 旱生生物Sucrose 蔗糖Trehalose 海藻糖Glycerol 甘油，丙三醇Glycosides 配糖类Glycine 甘氨酸，氨基乙酸Betaine 甜菜碱Praline 果仁糖Staphylococcus葡萄球菌potassium ions钾离子Aerobes 需氧生物Anaerobes 厌氧生物thioglycolate broth巯基乙酸盐肉汤Anoxic jar 厌氧罐anoxic glove bag 厌氧手套peroxidase enzymes 过氧化物酶Airborn bacteria 空气携带菌Catalase 过氧化氢酶Peroxidase 过氧化物酶Superoxide dismutase 超氧化歧化酶（SOD）Superoxide reductase 超氧化还原酶obligately anaerobic：专性厌氧的Pyrococcus furiousus：激烈热球菌Chapter 7Pneumococcus 肺炎球菌Pathogenic 致病的Pneumonia 肺炎polysaccharide capsule 多糖荚膜pathogenicity 致病性transformation 转化Versatile 通用的，万能的in vivo体内in vitro体外ultracentrifugal, 超离心的diffusive 扩散electrophoretic 电泳的Polypeptide cleaving enzymes 多肽裂解酶Ribonulclease 核糖核酸酶Deoxyribonuclease 脱氧核糖核酸酶Amino acid 氨基酸hydrogen bonds 氢键grooves 凹槽polynucleotide多（聚）核苷酸Supercoiling 超螺旋Twisted 盘旋Predominantly 主要地Nucleosome 核小体Torsion 扭转Gyrase 解旋酶Topoisomerase：拓扑异构酶Nonchromosomal 非染色体的Extracellular 细胞外的Templates 模板deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸isotope同位素Density gradient equilibrium sedimentation密度梯度平衡沉降Cesium chloride 氯化铯Centrifugation 离心Detection of peaks检测高峰fidelity 忠诚度dilemma 进退两难的局面Okazaki fragment 冈崎片断Polymerase 聚合酶Exonuclease 核酸外切酶Ligase 连接酶Helicase 螺旋酶Initiation 起始Elongation 延伸Termination 终止Triphosphate 三磷酸盐Purine 嘌呤Bacillus subtilis ：枯草芽孢杆菌intrinsic terminators 内在终止子Transcription 转录Cotranscribed 共转录Polycistronic 多顺反子性的Operon 操纵子introns 内含子exons 外显子Splicing 拼接Ribonucleoprotein核蛋白（略作RNP）Capping 加帽Polyadenylation 多聚腺苷酸Deciphering 译码Polylysine多聚赖氨酸Polyproline 多聚脯氨酸Proline 脯氨酸Polyphenylalanine多聚苯基丙氨酸Phenylalanine 苯基丙氨酸Trinucleotide 三核苷酸密码子Codons 密码子codon-degeneracy：密码子的简并性Formylmethionine 甲酰甲硫氨酸Methionine 蛋氨酸Methylated 甲基化的Synthetase 合成酶Catalyzing 催化The peptide transferase reaction 转肽反应Streptomycin 链霉素Puromycin 嘌呤霉素Chloramphenicol 氯霉素Cycloheximide 放线菌酮，环己酰亚胺Tetracycline 四环素molecular chaperones 分子伴侣aggregation 聚合Signal recognition particle (SRP) 信号识别颗粒Chapter 8Scarce protein 稀有蛋白Abundant protein 丰度蛋白Posttranslationally 翻译后地Coarser 粗糙的Precursor 前体物（分子），-先导物Degrading 降解Allostery 变构Conformational change 构象变化Isozymes 同工酶Covalent modification 共价修饰Methylation 甲基化Glutamine synthetase 谷氨酸盐合成酶allosteric enzyme 变构酶adenylylation 腺嘌呤形成Global Control全局调控Regulator proteins调节蛋白Histones 组蛋白Nucleosomes 核小体Inducer诱导物Substrate 底物Corepressor 辅阻遏物Polymerase 聚合酶Maltose regulon 麦芽糖调节子consensus sequence 保守序列utilization 利用operons 操纵子Regulon调节子global regulatory system全局调控系统lac Operon 乳糖操纵子simultaneously 同时地Constitutive mutant组成型突变体lactose 乳糖Glucose 葡萄糖glucose effect葡萄糖效应diauxic growth二次生长Catabolite Repression分解代谢物阻遏catabolite activator protein (CAP)激活蛋白（活化蛋白）cAMP-receptor protein (CRP)环腺苷酸受体蛋白hydrolyze 水解galactose 半乳糖Galactosidase半乳糖苷酶Hydrolysis 水解Modulates 调节galactoside permease 半乳糖苷透性酶thiogalactoside transacetylase 硫代半乳糖苷转乙酰酶allolactose 异乳糖diffusible 可扩散的Intact copy完整拷贝positive control正调节negative control副调节Attenuation 衰减，弱化Two-component Regulatory Systems双组分调控系统Sensory proteins (transducers)感受器蛋白MCP –transducers MCP感受器m ethyl-accepting c hemotaxis proteins(MCP)接受甲基趋化性蛋白Methylase甲基化酶Chemotaxis 趋化性Tryptophan Operon 色氨酸操纵子Tandom 串联重复Insufficient 不足Termination 终止Dual Regulation of Trp Operon色氨酸的二重调节Translational attenuation翻译衰减（弱化）Bacillus subtilis 枯草芽孢杆菌trp attenuation protein色氨酸弱化蛋白Polycistronic 多顺反子性的Heat Shock Response 热激反应Global Control Networks全局调控网络Quorum Sensing：最少密度感应degraded by proteases 被蛋白酶降解Heat shock protein热激蛋白chaperones (chaperonin) 分子伴侣acylated homoserine lactone 酰化的高丝氨酸内酯bioluminescence 生物发光Sensor Kinases感受器激酶phosphorylation 磷酸化The phosphoryl group 磷酰基团Demethylated 脱甲基Flagellum 鞭毛Rotation of flagellum鞭毛旋转clockwise 顺时针counterclockwise 逆时针Antisense Nucleic Acid反义核酸Compartmentation分区Polycistronic mRNA多顺反子mRNA Splicing 接合，粘接Chapter 9Essentials本质Viral Replication病毒复制Viral Diversity病毒多样性Chromosome染色体Conferring new properties on the host赋予宿主新的特性Extracellular state-virus particles (virions)胞外状态-病毒颗粒（病毒粒子）Lysis：裂解genomic nucleic acid基因组核酸Intracellular state胞内状态the central dogma of molecular biology分子生物学中心法则Taxonomy分类学Bacteriophage嗜菌体Order目family (and subfamily)科（亚科）genus属species种morphology形态学suffix后缀Hepadnaviruses嗜肝DNA病毒Smallpox 天花病毒Polio virus 脊髄灰质炎病毒Nucleocapsid核壳体naked and enveloped裸露和包被的self-assembly自我装配molecular chaperones分子伴侣Virus Symmetry病毒对称Helical symmetry螺旋状对称Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)烟草花叶病毒Icosahedral Symmetry二十面体Complex viruses复合体病毒Complex Symmetry复合体对称lipid bilayer脂双层glycoproteins糖蛋白Lysozyme溶菌酶reverse transcriptase逆转录酶retroviruses逆转录病毒Neuraminadase 神经氨酸酶(唾液酸苷酶)Semiliquid半流体Protoplasts原生质体Monolayer单层permanent cell lines：亲本细胞系primary cell lines：原初细胞系virus infection unit病毒侵染单位Plaque嗜菌斑tumor virus肿瘤病毒Plaque assay空斑测定Titer滴度，效价Suspension悬浮液plaque-forming units噬菌斑形成单位Attachment and Penetration吸附和侵入tail fibers尾丝polysaccharide多聚糖tail pins尾针Contraction 收缩tail sheath尾鞘Restriction enzyme限制性酶Invasion入侵methylation of purine and pyrimidine bases嘌呤和嘧啶碱基的甲基化glucosylation糖基化methylation甲基化Virulent Bacteriophage裂性噬菌体Temperate Bacteriophage温和噬菌体Viriods and Prions类病毒和朊病毒Schematic representations示意表示图Linear线性的Encode编码Hydroxymethylcytosine羟甲基胞嘧啶Cytosine胞嘧啶restriction endonucleases限制性内切酶circularly permuted环状变化Terminal repeats 末端重复Concatemer多联体Lysogeny溶原性Synchrony同步Provirus前病毒nitrogen mustards氮芥cohesive粘性的lysis or lysogeny裂解或溶源bidirection双向repressor protein 阻遏蛋白irrevocably不可逆地integrase整合酶PE(promoter establishment)启动子建立Topoisomerase拓扑异构酶Bracket括号Excisionase切除酶Compartmentation分隔Polycistronic多顺反子性的Monocistronic单顺反子性的5’ methylated guanosine triphosphate cap and 3’ poly A tail：5’甲基化三磷酸鸟苷酸帽子和3’多聚腺苷酸尾巴Endocytosis 内吞作用Lytic infection裂解传染Persistent infection持久传染Latent infection潜伏传染Foci焦距benign 良性的malignant 恶性的metastasis转移oncogenes致癌基因intermediate中间的Human immunodefiency virus (HIV)人类免疫缺陷病毒acquired immunodefiency syndrome (AIDS)获得性免疫缺陷综合症internal proteins内部蛋白endonuclease核酸内切酶Protease蛋白酶5’ capped and 3’ polyadenylated: 5’帽化和3’聚腺苷酸化Encapsidation壳体化Budding出芽RNA dependent DNA polymerase（RdDp）依赖于RNA的DNA聚合酶DNA dependent DNA polymerase（DdDp）依赖于DNA的DNA聚合酶Ribonuclease H核糖核酸酶Hcoconut cadang-cadang viroid椰子可可树类病毒citrus exocortis viroid柑橘裂皮类病毒scrape刮伤BSE: bovine spongiform encephalopathy牛绵状脑病pathogenic proteins病原蛋白质insoluble不可溶解的mad cow disease 疯牛病Chapter 10In Vivo活体内Mutants突变体Carcinogenesis致癌作用The Ames Test埃姆斯试验Genotype基因型Phenotype表现型lowercase letters小写字母uppercase letters大写字母italics斜体字superscript上标progeny后代Screening筛选Selection挑选Penicillin青霉素Lysozyme水解酶Spheroplast原生质球Nutritional Mutants营养突变体Imprint印迹Prototroph原养型Auxotroph营养缺陷型histidine auxotrophs组氨酸营养缺陷型微生物Spontaneous自发的Induced诱发的Point mutations点突变Base-Pair Substitutions碱基置换Silent mutation沉默突变Missense mutation错义突变Triplet三联体Temperature-sensitive mutants 温度敏感突变体conditionally lethal mutants条件致死突变体Nonsense mutation 无义突变Back Mutations or Reversions回复突变Compensate 补偿Transposition转位，转座proof-reading校对epidemic流行病Mutagens诱变剂Base analogs碱基类似物Radiation 辐射Transposon转位子，转座子Site-Directed Mutagenesis定点突变Mutagenicity致突变性Protocol 方案salmonella enterica沙门氏肠菌Trp- auxotroph色氨酸营养缺陷型Errorprone错误倾向Plasmids质粒Homologous 同源的redundant pathways冗余的途径Homologous Recombination同源重组SSB protein单链结合蛋白RecA protein RecA蛋白Nick formation缺口形成Strand invasion链侵入Heteroduplex formation 杂合双链形成Transformation转化Transduction转导Conjugation接合Transfection 转染Artificially Induced Competence人工诱导感受态Acinetobacter不动杆菌属Azotobacter固氮菌属Bacillus杆菌属Streptococcus链球菌属Haemophilus嗜血菌属Neisseria奈瑟球菌属Thermus栖热菌属Electroporation电穿孔Generalized transduction普遍性转导Specialized transduction特异性（局限性）转导Recipient受体temperate or virulent温和的或者裂性的lysogenization溶源化作用randomly incorporate随机整合Phage Conversion溶源转变，噬菌体转变Prophage前噬菌体Polysaccharide多糖Nontoxin非毒素Corynebacterium diphtheriae白喉杆菌toxin 毒素Supercoiled configuration超螺旋构型Incompatibility 不相容性，不亲和性Episomes游离体，附加体Curing（噬菌体）治愈Conjugative可接合的Hfr (high frequency of recombination)高频重组Rhizobium根瘤菌属Pseudomonas of octane辛烷假单胞菌camphor and naphthalene樟脑和卫生球Bacteriocins细菌素Resistance Plasmids- R Plasmids抗性质粒Sulfonamides磺胺药物Streptomycin链霉素Spectinomycin壮观霉素fusidic acid梭链孢酸chloramphenicol 氯霉素tetracycline四环素mercury汞Therapies治疗物Diarrhea痢疾CFA-colonization factor antigen 入侵因子抗原hemolysin and enterotoxin溶血素和肠毒素a wider spectrum of activity广谱活性colicins大肠肝菌素subtilisin枯草杆菌蛋白酶NisinA乳酸菌肽Arolling cycle replication滚环复制pilus菌毛IS(insertion sequences)插入序列Interrupted Mating中断杂交Agitation搅拌transposable elements转座因子transposase转位酶inverted terminal repeats末端反向重复序列Conservation保存，保守Replicative重复的Bacteriophages噬菌体Cointegrate共合体cointegrate structure共合体结构Mutagenesis with Transponsable Elements用转座子诱变insertional inactivation插入失活neomycin and kanamycin resistance新霉素和卡那霉素抗性tetracycline 四环素biological mutagen生物诱变剂vector载体Integrons整合子Integrase整合酶Genetic Map基因图谱Operon操纵子Polycistronic mRNA 多顺反子mRNABidirection双向Highly expressed genes高度表达基因Horizontal gene transfer水平基因转移Haemophilus influenzae流感嗜血杆菌Hyperthermophiles极端嗜热微生物Mycoplasma genitalium生殖道支原体Chlorella 绿藻的一种Methanococcus jannaschii詹氏甲烷球菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa铜绿假单胞菌Saccharomyces cerevisiae啤酒酵母Streptomyces coelicolor天蓝色链霉菌Treponema pallidum苍白密螺旋体（梅毒密螺旋体）Thermotoga maritima海栖热孢菌Unidentified reading frame-URF未经确认的阅读框架Genomic mining基因组挖掘Paralogs侧向同源Orthologs直向同源obligate parasitic bacterium严格寄生菌Helicobacter pylori螺旋幽门菌cyanobacterium Synechocytis 蓝细菌introns内含子Plasmodium falciparum疟原虫Malaria疟疾Encephalitozoon cuniculi 家兔脑内原虫病Ustilago maydis玉米黑粉病Phytopathogenic fungus植物病原真菌smut disease黑穗病Chapter 11Stromatolites叠层石Fossiled 化石Filamentous丝状的Systematics系统学Taxonomy分类法Diversification多样化Phylogeny系统发生, 发展史Endosymbiosis内共生Prokaryotes原核生物trapped sediments捕捉的沉淀物phototrophic bacteria光养细菌anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria 厌氧光养细菌lipoprotein vesicles脂蛋白小泡cyanobacterium 蓝细菌entity实体ferrous亚铁的photosynthesis光合作用oxygenation加氧作用，氧气形成oxic有氧的ozone shield臭氧层eukaryotes cell真核细胞chemoorganotrophic化能有机营养mitochondrion线粒体cytoplasm细胞质chloroplast叶绿体endosymbiotic内共生的phototroph光养生物，光能利用菌symbionts共生体metazoan后生生物Evolutionary Chronometers进化时钟Homologous function相同功能Sequence alignment序列排列，序列对比ATPase ATP酶genetic recombination遗传重组Ribosomal核糖体的Phylogenetic系统发生的Cellular细胞的Microbial Community Analysis微生物群体分析phylogenetic tree系统发育树Evolutionary distance ED 进化距离fluorescent i n-s itu h ybridization荧光素原位杂交Horizontal (lateral) gene transfer 水平（侧向）基因转移human genome人类基因组nematode线虫yeast酵母mustard芥菜parasites寄生虫vertebrates脊椎动物Peptidoglycan肽聚糖Cellulose纤维素Chitin几丁质，壳质Archaea古生菌Lipids脂质Ester酯RNA polymerase RNA聚合酶Polypeptides多肽Framework框架Phenotype显型，表现型Phylogenetics系统发生学Classical Taxonomy Morphology传统形态分类学fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) 脂肪酸甲基酯hybridization杂交genus属Molecular fingerprinting分子指纹PCR amplification聚合酶链式反应扩增Speciation物种形成coexist 共存prime ecological niche最初生态位ecotypes生态型Nomenclature命名法Manual手册Chapter 18Biodiversity 生物多样性Quantification 定量microorganisms微生物habitats栖息地Enrichment富集培养Staining染色Radioisotopes放射性同位素Microelectrodes微电极in situ（原位）Pure Culture纯培养Counterselective反选择enrichment vehicle富集培养手段purple紫色phototrophic光养anaerobes厌氧微生物microbial ecosystem 微生物生态系统tubes试管Agar shake琼脂震荡法dilution 稀释molten agar熔化的琼脂serial dilution 系列稀释inoculum接种体most probable numbers (MPN)最大概率数The Laser Tweezers 激光镊子microscopy显微镜术infrared laser 红外线激光器micromanipulation device显微操作装置trapped捕集的laser beam 激光柱contaminating污染Stable Isotope稳定同位素Azotobacter n.固氮(细)菌。
医学常用微生物学名词英汉翻译
医学常用微生物学名词英汉翻译微生物学作为医学领域中的重要学科，涉及到许多微生物学名词的英汉翻译。
准确的翻译对于医学研究和临床实践都具有重要意义。
以下是一些常用微生物学名词的英汉翻译示例。
1. Bacteria - 细菌Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that can be found in various habitats.2. Virus - 病毒Viruses are infectious agents that can cause diseases in humans, animals, and plants.3. Fungi - 真菌Fungi are a group of organisms that include yeasts, molds, and mushrooms.4. Protozoa - 原生动物Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotic microorganisms that can be found in water and soil.5. Parasite - 寄生虫Parasites are organisms that live in or on another organism (host) and obtain nutrients from the host.6. Antibiotic - 抗生素Antibiotics are substances that can inhibit the growth of or destroy bacteria.7. Antimicrobial - 抗菌剂Antimicrobials are substances that can inhibit the growth of or destroy microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa.8. Pathogen - 病原体Pathogens are microorganisms that can cause diseases in their hosts.9. Pathogenesis - 致病机制Pathogenesis refers to the process by which a pathogen causes disease in an organism.10. Immunization - 免疫Immunization is the process of inducing immunity against a particular disease through vaccination.11. Contagious - 传染的Contagious refers to a disease that can be transmitted from one person to another through direct or indirect contact.12. Sterilization - 杀菌Sterilization is the process of completely removing or destroying all microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores.13. Disinfection - 消毒Disinfection is the process of eliminating or reducing the number of pathogenic microorganisms on surfaces or objects.14. Culture - 培养Culture refers to the process of growing microorganisms in a controlled environment for research or diagnostic purposes.15. Resistance - 耐药性Resistance refers to the ability of microorganisms to withstand the effects of antimicrobial drugs.以上是一些医学常用微生物学名词的英汉翻译示例。
《微生物学》各章基本要求
《微生物学》各章基本要求(知识要点)（特此声明：下列要求掌握的各章基本要点与期末考试内容无必然的联系）第一章绪论一、名词或术语解释1、microorganism (microbe) 和microbiology2、Koch’s postulates二、问答题1、用具体事例说明人类与微生物的关系。
2、巴斯德和柯赫对微生物发展的主要贡献4、微生物的特点。
6、微生物对生命科学基础理论的研究有何重大贡献？为什么能发挥这种作用？第二章微生物的纯化和显微技术一、名词或术语解释1、培养物（culture）、纯培养物（pure culture）、混合培养物 (mixed culture)2、纯培养技术和显微技术3、无菌技术（aseptic technique）4、colony 和 lawn5、培养平板（culture plate,简称平板）6、培养斜面（culture slant,简称斜面)7、富集培养8、二元培养物9、分辨率（resolution）二、问答题1、一般可用哪些方法获得微生物的纯培养？2、菌种保藏的常见方法有哪些？3、防止菌种衰退的措施有哪些？4、如果希望从土壤中分离得到能降解酚类化合物对羟基苯甲酸的细菌纯培养物，你该如何设计实验？（可采用图示的方式回答）第三章微生物类群与形态结构一、名词或术语解释1、L型细菌（L-form of bacteria）2、芽孢（endospore）3、伴孢晶体（parasporal crystal）4、糖被（glycocalyx）5、细菌鞭毛（flagella of bacteria）6、放线菌（Actinomycetes）7、支原体（Mycoplasma）8、立克次氏体（Rickettsia）9、衣原体（Chlamydia）10、螺旋体（Spirochete）11、“9+2”型鞭毛（ '9+2' pattern flagellum）二、问答题1、细菌的一般形态如何？举例说明。
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清酒乳杆菌(Lactobacillus sakei),弯曲乳杆菌(Lactobacillus curvatus),明串珠菌属的肠膜明串珠菌(Leuconostoc mesenteroides)和非培养的明串珠菌(Uncultured Leuconostoc sp.)清酒乳杆菌清酒亚种(Lactobacillus sakei subsp.sakei)弯曲乳杆菌蜜二糖亚种(Lactobacillus curvatus subsp.melibiosus)粪肠球菌（E.faecalis）屎肠球菌（E.faecium)鸟肠球菌(E.avium) 酪黄肠球菌(E.casseliflavus)坚忍肠球菌(E.durans) 鸡肠球菌E.galinarum)芒地肠球菌(E.mundii) 恶臭肠球菌(E.maladoratum)希拉肠球菌(E.hirae) 孤立肠球菌（E.solitarius）棉子糖肠球菌(E.raffinosus) 假鸟肠球菌(E.pseudoavium)粪肠球变异株(E.faecalis var)。
Abiotrophia adjacens 毗邻贫养菌Abiotrophia defectiva 软弱贫养菌Achromobacter spp 无色杆菌属某些种Acinetobacter /Pseudomonas spp 不动杆菌/假单胞菌属某些种Acinetobacter baumannii 鲍氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter calcoaceticus 醋酸钙不动杆菌Acinetobacter haemolyticus 溶血不动杆菌Acinetobacter johnsonii 约氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter junii 琼氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter lwoffii 鲁氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter radioresistens 抗辐射不动杆菌Acinetobacter spp 不动杆菌属某些种Acinetobacter spp/Pseudomonas spp 不动杆菌属某些种/假单胞菌属某些种Acinetobacter/Pseudomonas spp 不动杆菌/假单胞菌属某些种Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans 伴放线放线杆菌Actinomyces israelii 衣氏放线菌Actinomyces meyeri 麦氏放线菌Actinomyces naeslundii 内氏放线菌Actinomyces neuii anitratus 纽氏放线菌无硝亚种Actinomyces neuii neuii 纽氏放线菌纽氏亚种Actinomyces neuii radingae 纽氏放线菌罗亚种Actinomyces neuii turicensis 纽氏放线菌图列茨亚种Actinomyces odontolyticus 龋齿放线菌Actinomyces viscosus 粘放线菌Aeromonas caviae 豚鼠气单胞菌Aeromonas hydrophila 嗜水气单胞菌Aeromonas hydrophila gr．嗜水气单胞菌群Aeromonas salmonicida achromogenes 杀鲑气单胞菌无色亚种Aeromonas salmonicida masoucida 杀鲑气单胞菌杀日本鲑亚种Aeromonas salmonicida salmonicida 杀鲑气单胞菌杀鲑亚种Aeromonas sobria 温和气单胞菌Agrobacterium radiobacter 放射形土壤杆菌Alcaligenes denitrificans 反硝化产碱菌Alcaligenes faecalis 粪产碱菌Alcaligenes spp 产碱菌属某些种Alcaligenes xylosoxidans 木糖氧化产碱菌Alloiococcus otitis 耳炎差异球菌Anaerobiospirllum succiniproducens 产琥珀酸厌氧螺菌Arachnia propionica 丙酸蛛菌Arcanobacterium bernardiae 伯纳德隐秘杆菌Arcanobacterium haemolyticum 溶血隐秘杆菌Arcanobacterium pyogenes 化脓隐秘杆菌Arcobacter cryaerohoilus 嗜低温弓形杆菌Arthrobacter spp 节杆菌属某些种Debaryomyces polymorphus 多形德巴利酵母菌Dermabacter hominis 人皮肤杆菌Dermacoccus nishinomiyaensis 西宫皮肤球菌Dietzia spp 迪茨菌属某些种Edwardsiella hoshinae 保科爱德华菌Edwardsiella tarda 迟钝爱德华菌Eikenella corrodens 啮蚀艾肯菌Enterobacter aerogenes 产气肠杆菌Enterobacter amnigenus 河生肠杆菌Enterobacter asburiae 阿氏肠杆菌Enterobacter cancerogenus 生癌肠杆菌Enterobacter cloacae 阴沟肠杆菌Enterobacter gergoviae 日沟维肠杆菌Enterobacter intermedius 中间肠杆菌Enterobacter sakazakii 阪崎肠杆菌Enterobacter spp 肠杆菌属某些种Enterococcus avium 鸟肠球菌Enterococcus casselifavus 铅黄肠球菌Enterococcus durans 耐久肠球菌Enterococcus faecalis 粪肠球菌Enterococcus faecium 屎肠球菌Enterococcus gallinarum 鹑鸡肠球菌Enterococcus saccharolyticus 解糖肠球菌Erwinia spp 欧文菌属某些种Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae 猪红斑丹毒丝菌Escherichia coli 大肠埃希菌Escherichia fergusonii 费格森埃希菌Escherichia hermannii 赫氏埃希菌Escherichia vulneris 伤口埃希菌Eubacterium aerofaciens 产气真杆菌Eubacterium lentum 迟缓真杆菌Eubacterium limosum 粘液真杆菌Ewingella americana 美洲爱文菌促生素：概论简介发酵乳形态的促生素历史要追溯回数千年前，但直到本世纪初期才根据科学原理进行科学性研究。
这是Metchnikoff在巴黎Pasteur机构所做的研究结果。
他认为肠道後段的微生物对宿主动物具有不利的影响，但可藉由摄取酸化的牛奶进行改善。
他分离出一种杆菌称之为Bulgarian杆菌，并将它用在人类的饮食实验。
这个细菌可能和Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus相同，Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp brlgaricus与Streptococcus salivearius subsp thermophilus都是用来发酵牛奶以制造酸酸酪乳用的。
但後来却显示酸酪乳菌原细菌无法在肠道内繁殖，既然这是菌苗的原作用地，直接采用原本居住在肠道内的细菌就更合理了。
而当时之所以选择嗜乳酸杆菌则是因为它是少数乳酸杆菌中可被从肠道中分离的一种，但後来当我们对肠道菌丛的知识改进之後，产於肠内的其他乳酸杆菌也被采用了。
从1970年起乳酸杆菌就开始被使用为动物饲料补充物。
後来Parker(1974)第一个在他的报告中使用促生素这个名称，他将它定义为"促成肠道内微生物平衡的本质和有机体"。
我觉得或许这样定义太含糊了，所以将它重新定义为"一种饲补充物，藉由改善肠道内微生物的平衡，并且产生对宿主有益影响的活微生物"(Fuller 1989)。
在此新定义中所强调的二个重要特色是：a)此效果是藉由肠道内的微生物b)此补充物必须能存活下来。
事实上，只有在当用做动物饲料补充物及灭菌药品时必须保存这种生存能力。
但在生产和运用方面也有新的问题发生。
促生素概念促生素的基本概念原理是它可能可以藉由巧妙的操作肠道内微生物(Fig.1)进行有益宿主动物健康的作用。
根据以下三种很好的实验证明可以证实这是一个很正确的理论。
．无菌的动物比一般动物对病原菌的攻击更具感受性。
．藉由口服抗生素可以增加动物对疾病的感受性。
．刚孵化的小鸡服用健康成鸡的粪便悬浮液可增加肠道内沙门氏菌繁殖的抵抗力。
这种促生素功效的科学根据已刊载於在最近出版的书中(Fuller 1992)，所以促生素概念的正确性是无可置疑的。
但利用微生物复制这种效果的最好方法尚未明确。
然而，经过长时间取得的实验资料显示，藉由维持肠道内微生物的均衡促进宿主健康最重要的作用者是乳酸菌。
目前可取得的促生素虽然促生素现在已运用了所有种类的乳酸菌(乳酸杆菌、链球菌和双叉菌)，且也包含亚种杆菌、酵素和霉菌，但早期的促生素只含有乳酸杆菌。
而乳酸杆菌也一直是最常被使用的促生素细菌。
表格一所列的为一般较常用的乳酸菌。
除了酸酪乳菌原(L. delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus和S. salivarius subsp thermophilus)之外，所使用的菌株皆源於肠自道中。
原本之所以选择这些菌株是因为没有其他选择，但最近则朝宿主特异性着手进行。
这种进展主要是根据"乳酸杆菌附着物对肠的上皮细胞作用会依宿主的特异性而定"的新发现。
因此，既然这是重要的繁殖因素，它们在肠道中的成长能力都是相似的，尤其对菌株来源的宿主而言。
表格一、使用於促生素的乳酸菌乳酸杆菌属链球菌属双叉菌属嗜酸乳杆菌乾酪乳杆菌L. delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus*短乳杆菌乳酪链球菌S. salivarius subspthermophilus★E. faecium δS. diacethylactisB. bifidumB. adolescentisB. animalisB. infantisB. longumL. cellobiosusL. curvatusL. fermentumL. lactisL. plantarumL. reuteri中间链球菌 B. thermophilum*原为L. bulgaricus★原为S. thermophilusδ原为S. facecium虽然这种说法是正确的，但研究结果显小细菌补充物在肠道中持续繁殖是不可能的。