英语笔译_2
2023年11月英语二级笔译英译汉参考答案
2023年11月英语二级笔译真题【英译汉】【Passage 1】Gender equality is not only a fundamental human right, but a necessary foundation for a peaceful, prosperous and sustainable world. Providing women and girls with equal access to education, health care, decent work, and representation in political and economic decision-making processes will fuel sustainable economies and benefit societies and humanity at large. Therefore, gender equality and women’s empowerment are one of the overarching priorities of UNESCO.This is a st rategy for making women’s as well as men’s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetuated. The ultimate goal is to achieve gender equality.Increasing attention is being placed on gender equality issues globally, buoyed by several legal and normative instruments, conventions and declarations. Chief among these are the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. The latter, which was the outcome of the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women, in 1995, emphasizes the key role of media to promote gender equality in all spheres; all stake-holders are called to join forces to combat “stereotyping of women and inequality in women’s access to and participation in all communication systems, especially in the media”. UNESCO’s c ommitment and strategy to this end is pursued through a two-fold approach: (i) gender-specific programming and (ii) taking gender-focused actions in all of UNESCO’s fields of work.UNESCO’s Communication and Information Sector has fully embraced this commitment and has engaged globally in a wide range of gender-specific initiatives across its divisions and main actions. Equality between women and men working in the media, and equality in news reporting on women and men, are of equal importance and are being stridently pursued. In cooperation with the International Federation of Journalists and many other partners, UNESCO has adopted this global framework of Gender-Sensitive Indicators for Media (GSIM). These indicators have been developed to enable effective assessment of related development in the media.In order to further enrich the GSIM resource, and as a fundamental step for its completion, a second round of consultation was carried out online with UNESCO media partners globally. Broadcasting and print associations contributed comments, suggestions and insights to further enhance the document. The consultation with these associations was essential because it enables UNESCO to embed into the GSIM the perspectives of these key partners.This enables us to stress that use of the GSIM is not an attempt to limit freedom of expression and the independence of media, but to voluntarily enrich these underlying characteristics. UNESCO is confident that, if fully implemented, the GSIM will produce an impact in both qualitative and quantitative terms.【英译汉】【Passage 2】When rainfall is measured in feet, not inches, we are witnessing climate change bearing down on us. Catastrophic destruction tied to the Atlantic hurricane season, monsoon rains in Mumbai, and downpours in Niger are just a few of the many extreme weather events that are being intensified by global warming. While the rise of a few degrees in temperature may not be enough for a person to run a fever, that change is enough to radically impact the earth’s climate. By way of comparison, the earth was once rendered largely uninhabitable by a one to two-degree Celsius drop in temperature—an era now referred to as the Little Ice Age. In response to the threat posed by global climate change, most nations have committed to significant mitigation efforts, through the Paris Agreement, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.But will these collective efforts be enough? Some scientists are trying another approach, exploring new tools to deliberately alter the global climate system. These discrete and diverse technologies are often grouped under the all-encompassing and poorly defined rubric of “climate engineering” or “geoengineering.” These radically different approaches aim to either halt the process of global warming by removing greenhouse gases from the atmosphere or to counteract warming already underway.The problem is, while several tools seem to be gaining ground in computer models, laboratories, and even real-world experiments, public discussion has not kept pace with their advancement. To date, there has been too little transparency and international dialogue around the progress, feasibility, risks and benefits of these efforts. Climate engineering and current mitigation and adaptation efforts are not mutually exclusive. Experts generally agree that these new technological approaches alone are unlikely to provide adequate protection from the dangers posed by rising global temperatures.In 1965, the Science Advisory Committee raised concerns about manmade climate change and warned that “man is unwittingly conducting a vast geophysical experiment.” More than 50 years later, the field of climate engineering remains largely unknown, especially to policymakers and the public.There are real risks to using or rejecting climate engineering. While it is tempting to be for or against climate engineering, what decision-makers need to do now is to gather scientific facts and ask as many questions as possible about what the deployment of these technologies might mean for individuals, societies, nations, and regions.2023年11月英语二级笔译真题参考答案【英译汉】【Passage 1】性别平等不仅是一项基本的人权，也是建设一个和平、繁荣、可持续的世界所必需的基础。
2023年catti二级笔译实务试题英语
2023年catti二级笔译实务试题英语Title: 2023 CATTI Level II Written Translation Practice ExamIntroductionThe CATTI (China Accreditation Test for Translators and Interpreters) is a prestigious translation and interpretation certification exam in China. It is highly respected in the translation industry and is recognized by employers and government agencies. The Level II Written Translation Practice Exam is a crucial step for aspiring translators to demonstrate their proficiency in translation.InstructionsIn this practice exam, you will be given a set of three translation tasks. Each task will consist of a Chinese text that you need to translate into English. You will have 90 minutes to complete the entire exam. Please read the instructions carefully before starting each task.Task 1Translate the following Chinese text into English:任务一：中美关系面临复杂局面，需要双方共同努力解决分歧。
英语翻译二级笔译综合能力模拟试题及答案解析(2)
英语翻译二级笔译综合能力模拟试题及答案解析（2）(1/20)Vocabulary SelectionIn this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.第1题Where any people have made a temporary approach to such a character, it has been because the dread of heterodox ______ was for a time suspended.A.speculationB.spectrumC.petrologyD.speculum下一题(2/20)Vocabulary SelectionIn this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.第2题The self-important cant of musicologist on record jackets often suggests that true appreciation of the music is an ______ process closed to the uninitiated listener, however enthusiastic.A.unreliableB.arcaneC.elementaryD.intuitive上一题下一题(3/20)Vocabulary SelectionIn this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.第3题You might include a couple of heady growth stocks ______ with your more pedestrian investments.A.apartB.besideC.as well asD.side by side上一题下一题(4/20)Vocabulary SelectionIn this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required onyour Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.第4题When the plane was flying up to the normal height, ______ and immediately the pilot had to fly it back to the airport.A.somewhere was on the blinksB.somewhere had a strange noiseC.something became abnormalD.something was on edge上一题下一题(5/20)Vocabulary SelectionIn this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.第5题When it comes to Chinese, Jane already knew some of the characters, but John had to start from ______.A.screwB.scrapC.scratchD.scrape上一题下一题(6/20)Vocabulary SelectionIn this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.第6题The human intelligence that created industrial civilization now has the assignment of making the civilization ______ man's basic needs.patible withB.reducible toC.assignable toD.warrantable for上一题下一题(7/20)Vocabulary SelectionIn this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.第7题Most people frown on sufferings, though a ______ enjoys suffering.A.masochistB.philatelistC.misanthropistD.agnostics上一题下一题(8/20)Vocabulary SelectionIn this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.第8题With most online recruitment services, job seekers must choose their words carefully; ______ the search engine will never make the correct match.A.thereforeB.otherwiseC.providedD.however上一题下一题(9/20)Vocabulary SelectionIn this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.第9题Fashion is partly a search for new language to discredit the old, a way in which each generation can ______ its immediate predecessor and distinguish itself.A.honorB.condoneC.emulateD.repudiate上一题下一题(10/20)Vocabulary SelectionIn this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.第10题The children made so much ______ that Mrs. Green had to spend three days cleaning up afterwards.A.messB.troubleC.damageD.nuisance上一题下一题(11/20)Vocabulary SelectionIn this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choicesrespectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.第11题We listened dumb-struck, full of ______, to the shocking details of the corruption of the president of the company.A.incredulityB.ingenuityC.ingenuousnessD.incredibility上一题下一题(12/20)Vocabulary SelectionIn this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.第12题The British Constitution is ______ a large extent a product of the historical events described above.A.inB.byC.atD.to上一题下一题(13/20)Vocabulary SelectionIn this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.第13题His ideas about the current situation were so ______ that I had to agree with him.A.cavernousB.chronicC.choralD.cogent上一题下一题(14/20)Vocabulary SelectionIn this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.第14题It is understandable that though adolescent maturational and developmental states occur in an orderly sequence, their timing ______ with regard to onset and duration.A.faltersB.variesC.acceleratesD.dwindles上一题下一题(15/20)Vocabulary SelectionIn this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.第15题Only hotel guests have the______of using the private beach.A.occasionB.possibilityC.privilegeD.allowance上一题下一题(16/20)Vocabulary SelectionIn this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.第16题It is understandable that though adolescent maturational and developmental states occur in an orderly sequence, their timing ______ with regard to onset and duration.A.faltersB.variesC.acceleratesD.dwindles上一题下一题(17/20)Vocabulary SelectionIn this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.第17题The technician is ______ to almost all the tasks, who may even falls asleep on the job.A.reluctantB.decreantC.recuperativeD.recusant上一题下一题(18/20)Vocabulary SelectionIn this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choicesrespectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.第18题Most of the participants believe it truly more democratic to hold a ______ rather than let the government alone makes decisions on all the important issues.A.referendumB.refectoryC.reiterationD.recalcitrance上一题下一题(19/20)Vocabulary SelectionIn this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.第19题The Earth ______ three principal layers: the dense, iron-rich core, the mantle made of silicate rocks, and the thin, solid-surface crust.prisesposesC.consistsD.concedes上一题下一题(20/20)Vocabulary SelectionIn this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.第20题Due to the fact that universities can not enroll all the candidates, ______ to university is competitive.A.admissionB.affidavitC.admirationD.allegiance上一题下一题(1/15)Vocabulary ReplacementThis part consists of 15 sentences in which one word or phrase is underlined. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part without causing any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.第21题Once the lapwing's nest is threatened, the bird hobbles and pretends to be injured in order to lure its enemies away from the nest.A.escapesB.collapsesC.screamsD.limps上一题下一题(2/15)Vocabulary ReplacementThis part consists of 15 sentences in which one word or phrase is underlined. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part without causing any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.第22题During the middle ages, science was considered to be based on the occult.A.fundamentalB.supernaturalC.anthropologicalD.theoretical上一题下一题(3/15)Vocabulary ReplacementThis part consists of 15 sentences in which one word or phrase is underlined. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part without causing any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.第23题There was no enmity between us, so we were able to reach an agreement on the sale of the property.A.animosityB.indemnityC.perfidyD.obloquy上一题下一题(4/15)Vocabulary ReplacementThis part consists of 15 sentences in which one word or phrase is underlined. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part without causing any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.第24题Most readers are drawn to the facetious stories of his recent novel.A.factualB.humourousC.sarcasticD.ridiculous上一题下一题(5/15)Vocabulary ReplacementThis part consists of 15 sentences in which one word or phrase is underlined. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part without causing any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.第25题By providing legal representation the American Civil Liberties Union works to defend citizens against breaches of their civil rights.A.exercisesB.perusalsC.violationsD.branches上一题下一题(6/15)Vocabulary ReplacementThis part consists of 15 sentences in which one word or phrase is underlined. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part without causing any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.第26题In Germany, the baroque style of art thrived in the 17th and 18th centuries.A.flourishedB.flouredC.flauntedD.fluctuated上一题下一题(7/15)Vocabulary ReplacementThis part consists of 15 sentences in which one word or phrase is underlined. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part without causing any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.第27题Most of that professor's writings are either for the bird or a hodgepodge of thoughts and ideas coppied from other authors.A.pasticheB.paternalismC.paucityD.pathology上一题下一题(8/15)Vocabulary ReplacementThis part consists of 15 sentences in which one word or phrase is underlined. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part without causing any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.第28题Because of the limited time, he swallowed the food and hurried to the work place.A.fastenedB.engulfedC.hurriedD.quickened上一题下一题(9/15)Vocabulary ReplacementThis part consists of 15 sentences in which one word or phrase is underlined. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part without causing any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.第29题His complaint about our management was not without reasons.A.could be rectifiedB.could be justifiedC.was modifiedD.could be enforced上一题下一题(10/15)Vocabulary ReplacementThis part consists of 15 sentences in which one word or phrase is underlined. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part without causing any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.第30题That university has produced a large number of social celebrities, including four Presidents and three Speakers.A.sproutedB.spawnedC.stashedD.spouted上一题下一题(11/15)Vocabulary ReplacementThis part consists of 15 sentences in which one word or phrase is underlined. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part without causing any grammatical error or changingthe basic meaning of the sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.第31题In San Francisco, California, only 2,000 units were built. San Francisco has only a 1.6 percent vacancy rate but stringent rent control laws.A.stressfulB.stragglyC.strictD.straight上一题下一题(12/15)Vocabulary ReplacementThis part consists of 15 sentences in which one word or phrase is underlined. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part without causing any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.第32题The central government hopes to curtail military spending in the next year.A.forbidB.invertC.prolongD.shorten上一题下一题(13/15)Vocabulary ReplacementThis part consists of 15 sentences in which one word or phrase is underlined. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part without causing any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.第33题The emperor gave a grandiose banquet to celebrate his marriage of convenience.A.simutaneousB.sumptuousC.stimulatinyD.bump上一题下一题(14/15)Vocabulary ReplacementThis part consists of 15 sentences in which one word or phrase is underlined. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part without causing any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.第34题When you are looking for a job, it is important to make an excellent resume to sell yourself to。
翻译四级笔译模拟题(2) %
全国外语翻译证书考试英语四级笔译考试模拟题（二）考试时间：150分钟Part One Sentence TranslationSection ATranslate the following sentences from English to Chinese.1.In the absence of a settlement through negotiation, the case under dispute can besubmitted to arbitration.协议无法达成共识，一味争吵这个案件只能提交仲裁。
2.All disputes in connection with the contract shall be settled amicably bynegotiation.所有与合同相联系的争吵都将被友好的解决，通过协议的方式。
3.The sellers shall not be held responsible if they, owing to Force Majeure causes,fail to make delivery within the time stipulated in the contract.买家若遇到不可抗力，不能在合同规定的时间内交货，不用负任何责任。
4.Any claim by the Buyer regarding the goods shipped should be filed within 10days after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination.买家对装船货物的任何索赔，应该在货物到达目的港的10天内申请。
5.Any disputes arising from or in connection with this contract shall be submitted toChina International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission for arbitration.任何与合同相关联的的争论都应交给中国国际经济与贸易仲裁委员会。
二级笔译官方教材
二级笔译官方教材
二级笔译的官方教材有很多，具体选择哪一本还需要根据个人的需求和水平来决定。
以下是一些常见的二级笔译官方教材：
1. 《全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试官方指定用书：英语笔译实务（二级）》，这本书是官方指定的考试用书，内容涵盖了英语笔译实务方面的知识和技巧，包括翻译理论、翻译实践、翻译技巧等方面的内容。
2. 《全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试用书：英语笔译综合能力（二级）》，这本书是官方指定的考试用书，内容涵盖了英语笔译综合能力方面的知识和技巧，包括语言知识、文化知识、翻译理论等方面的内容。
3. 《华研外语2023CATTI二级笔译官方教材》，这本书是华研外语出版的CATTI二级笔译官方教材，内容涵盖了CATTI二级笔译考试的全部知识点和考点，包括翻译实务、翻译理论、翻译技巧等方面的内容。
以上是一些常见的二级笔译官方教材，建议选择适合自己的教材，通过系统学习和实践提高自己的笔译水平。
同时，也可以参考一些其他资料和资源，如网络上的翻译练习、其他出版社的翻译教材等。
二级笔译考试内容
二级笔译考试内容
二级笔译考试内容通常包括以下几个部分：
1. 英译汉：给定一段英语文章，要求考生准确地将其翻译成汉语。
这部分的要求是考生能够理解并正确表达文章的主要内容、语气以及语法结构。
2. 汉译英：给定一段汉语文章，要求考生准确地将其翻译成英语。
这部分的要求是考生能够理解并正确表达文章的主要内容、语气以及语法结构。
3. 补全对话：给定一段对话的部分内容，要求考生根据语境和所提供的选项，选择正确的答案来补全对话。
这部分的要求是考生能够理解对话的语境，并正确地选择适当的内容来完成对话。
4. 短文改错：给定一篇短文，要求考生在文中标出错误的地方，并将其改正。
这部分的要求是考生能够发现文中的语法、拼写和标点错误，并准确地进行改错。
5. 作文：要求考生根据所给的题目，写一篇短文或者翻译一段英文短文。
这部分的要求是考生能够用准确的词汇和语法来表达自己的观点，并能够使用合适的句式和段落来组织文章。
总的来说，二级笔译考试旨在测试考生的英语翻译能力，包括对原文的理解和表达的准确性。
考生需要在限定的时间内完成各项任务，并注意语法、拼写以及句子结构的准确性。
《英汉汉英笔译2》教学大纲
《英汉/汉英笔译2》教学大纲一、课程基本信息课程类别专业课程课程性质理论课程属性必修课程名称英汉/汉英笔译2课程英文名称E-C/C-E Translation 2课程编码F11ZB15C适用专业英语考核方式考试先修课程英汉/汉英翻译1总学时32学分2理论学时16实验学时/实训学时/ 实践学时/上机学时实践学时：16开课单位外国语学院二、课程简介《英汉/汉英笔译2》是本科高等学校英语专业一门重要的专业必修课程，是后续毕业论文写作，以及进一步提高英语综合运用能力的重要基础。
《英汉/汉英笔译2》是笔译课程的汉译英部分，介绍汉英翻译的基本理论与方法，培养和提高学生汉英转换能力和技巧，包括词、句、篇章层面的汉英转换。
该课程是笔译的高级阶段，是对学生汉语原文理解及其英语再现能力的全面训练和提升，课程教学关注汉英语言对比，强调汉英翻译是意义表达方式的改变，而非字面形式和意义的简单替换的翻译理念，并引导学生关注文化、语境、以及修辞因素对翻译过程的影响，从而形成关于对语言交际和翻译本质的更为全面的认识，提高基于汉英语言对比分析能力的汉译英能力。
三、课程教学目标知识目标目标1：学生对翻译的本质有全面、深刻的认识，即，翻译是源语意义在目标语中的再表达，是不同语言间的意义表达方式的转换，而非字面意义和结构的简单替换，不仅是语言意义的再表达，更是文化和意识形态意义的再表达。
以汉英两种语言的词汇、语法知识为基础，掌握汉英两种语言在词和句层面的语言对比的知识；基于语言对比的知识，充分认知英语词类及其语法功能，以句子为基本的翻译单位，掌握词和句子汉译英的基本方法和技巧；以词、句的汉英比较和翻译为基础，了解汉英篇章的主要形式差异，掌握汉英篇章的翻译的基本理论和方法。
以语料的掌握、翻译操作、语感、以及语言的敏感性为基础，充分了解语境、文化、文体修辞因素对汉英翻译的影响，汉英语言的知识与汉英翻译知识互为支撑和拓展。
能力目标目标2：掌握10000-12000个英文单词，涉及日常生活、政治、经济、中国国情等方面，以及这些单词组成的常用搭配；正确、熟练使用其中5000-6000个单词及其最常用的搭配，并能运用到汉英翻译中；以扎实的汉英语言、文化知识为基础，熟练掌握词、句层面的汉英翻译方法和技巧，英语译文语言规范，表达准确、达意；以词、句汉译英能力为基础，能借助词典等工具，将中文报刊的一般性描写、论说、应用文译成英语，能较好地运用英语衔接和连贯手段，译文忠实原意，语言通顺，语意连贯，每小时写译250到300单词。
2023年catti二级笔译实务试题英语
2023年catti二级笔译实务试题英语2023 CATTI Level 2 Translation Practice Test - EnglishPart I: Chinese to English Translation请根据以下中文段落进行翻译：春节是中国最重要的传统节日，也被称为新年。
在春节期间，中国人会举行各种庆祝活动，如舞狮、舞龙、放鞭炮等。
人们会进行各种各样的准备工作，如打扫房屋、购买年货等。
春节期间也是家人团聚的时刻，许多人会回家与家人团聚在一起庆祝这个特殊的节日。
答案：The Spring Festival is the most important traditional festival in China, also known as the Chinese New Year. During the Spring Festival, Chinese people will hold various celebration activities, such as lion dances, dragon dances, and setting off firecrackers. People will make various preparations, such as cleaning the house, buying New Year goods, etc. It is also a time for family reunion, and many people will go back home to celebrate this special festival with their families.Part II: English to Chinese Translation请根据以下英文段落进行翻译：Global warming, which is mainly caused by the emission of greenhouse gases, has become a major environmental issue. It has led to climate change, resulting in extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and loss of biodiversity. In order to mitigate the impact of global warming, it is crucial for countries to work together to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, promote renewable energy sources, and improve energy efficiency.答案：全球变暖主要是由温室气体排放引起的，已成为一个重要的环境问题。
英语翻译资格考试翻译二级笔译综合能力2022年模拟题2
英语翻译资格考试翻译二级笔译综合能力2022年模拟题2(总分66.77,及格分0, 做题时间:120分钟 )一、Reading ComprehensionSince the dawn of civilization, people have been curious about the age of Earth. In additio n, we have not been satisfied in being able to know merely the relative geologic age of a r ock or fossil. Human curiosity demands that we know actual age in years. Geologists work ing during the nineteenth century understood rock bodies, they would have to concentrate on natural processes that continue at a constant rate and that also leave some sort of tangible record in the rocks. Evolution is one such process, and geologist Charles Lyell (1797—1875) recognized this. By comparing the amount of evolution exhibited by marine moll usks then, Lyell estimated that 80 million years had elapsed since the beginning of the Ter tiary Period. He came astonishingly close to the mark, since it was actually about 65 millio n years. However, for older sequence of evolutionary development, estimates based on pa rts in the fossil record. Rates of evolution for many orders of plants and animals were not well understood. In another attempt, geologists reasoned that if rates of deposition could be determined for sedimentary rocks, they might be able to estimate the time required fo r deposition of a given thickness of strata, or rock layers. Similar reasoning suggested that one could estimate total elapsed geologic time by dividing the average thickness of sedi ment transported annually to the oceans into the total thickness of sedimentary rock that had ever been deposited in the past. Unfortunately, such estimates did not adequately acc ount for past difference in rates of sedimentation or losses to the total section of strata du ring episodes of erosion. Also, some very ancient sediments were no longer recognizable, having been converted to igneous and metamorphic rocks in the course of mountain buil ding. Estimates of Earth's total age based on sedimentation rates ranged from as little as million to over a billion year. Yet another scheme for approximating Earth's age had been proposed in 1715 by Sir Edmund Halley (1656—1742), whose name we associate with the famous comet. Halley surmised that the ocean formed soon after the origin of the planet and therefore would be only slightly younger than the age of the solid Earth. He reasoned that the original ocean was not salty and that subsequently salt derived from the weatheri ng of rocks was brought to the sea by streams. Thus, if one knew the total amount of salt dissolved in the ocean and the amount added each year, it might be possible to calculate the ocean's age. In 1899, Irish geologist John Joly (1857—1933) attempted the calculation.From information provided by gauges placed at the mouths of streams, Joly was able to e stimate the annual increment of salt to the oceans. Then, knowing the salinity of ocean wa ter and the approximate volume of water, he calculated the amount of salt already held in solution in the oceans. An estimate of the age of the ocean was obtained by dividing the t otal salt in the ocean by the rate of salt added each year. Beginning with essentially non-s aline oceans, it would have taken about 90 million years of the oceans to reach their prese nt salinity, according to Joly. The figure, however, was off the currently accepted mark of 4.54 billion by a factor of 50, largely because there was no way to account accurately by recycled salt and salt incorporated into clay mineral deposited on the sea floors. Even though in error, Joly's calculations clearly supported those geologists who insisted on an age for E arth far in excess of a few million years.1.The word tangible in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to________.A physicalB relatedC significantD helpful2.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that Charles Lyell based his study of the marine mollusk fossils on which of the following assumptions?A The Tertiary Period was separated into division of time that was equal in length.B Mollusks lived under rocks in the sea during the Tertiary period.C Evolution of mollusks proceeded at a uniform rate over time.D Mollusks have evolved less rapidly with the passing of time.3.The word sequence in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to________.A observationsB sensesC seriesD categories4.According to Paragraph 2, Lyell’s strategy for estimation geologic dates was not very accurate for periods before the Tertiary Period party because________.A Marine mollusks did not evolve until the Tertiary PeriodB fossil records of the very distant past are incompleteC there was not much agreement about how to identify or categorize earlier erasD the duration of previous geologic periods was difficult to determine5.The phrase another attempt in Paragraph 3 refers to________.A trying to understand the fossil recordB trying to determine the evolutionary rate of marine mollusksC trying to understand natural processesD trying to determine Earth’s actual age6.The word converted in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to________.A addedB changedC restoredD reduced7.According to Paragraph 3, all of the following were problems with the calculation of Earth’s age using the study of sedimentary rocks EXCEPT________.A the inconsistency of sedimentation rates over timeB the effect of geologic process on sedimentary rockC the expansion of some sedimentary rocks due to Earth’s internal heatD the loss of an unknown number of sedimentary layers due to erosion8.The word approximating in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to________.A thinking aboutB researchingC estimatingD demonstrating9.The word subsequently in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to________.A laterB furthermoreC evidentlyD accidentally10.According to Paragraph 4, John Joly’s calculations were founded on all the following EXCEPT________.A knowing how salty the ocean water isB estimating how much salt enters the ocean each yearC accounting for the amount of salt that is recycledD figuring the volume of water contained in the oceanThere are both great similarities and considerable diversity in the ecosystems that evolved on the islands of Oceania in and around the Pacific Ocean. The islands, such as New Zeala nd, that were originally parts of continents still carry some small plant and animal remnan ts of their earlier biota (animal and plant life), and they also have been extensively modified by evolution, adaptation, and the arrival of new species. By contrast, the other islands, which emerged via geological processes such as volcanism, possessed no terrestrial life, but over long periods, winds, ocean currents, and the feet, feathers, and digestive tracts of bir ds brought the seeds of plants and a few species of animals. Only those species with ways of spreading to these islands were able to undertake the long journeys, and the various fa ctors at play resulted in diverse combinations of new colonists on the islands. One estimate is that the distribution of plants was 75 percent by birds, 23 percent by floating, and 2 percent by wind. The migration of Oceanic biota was generally from west to east, with four major factors influencing their distribution and establishment. The first was the size and fe rtility of the islands on which they landed, with larger islands able to provide hospitality fo r a wider range of species. Second, the further east the islands, generally the less the speci es diversity, largely because of the distance that had to be crossed and because the easter n islands tended to be smaller, more scattered, and remote. This easterly decline in specie s diversity is well demonstrated by birds and coral fish. It is estimated that there were over 550 species of birds in New Guinea, 127 in the Solomon Islands, 54 in Fiji, and 17 in the So ciety Islands. From the west across the Pacific, the Bismarck Archipelago and the Solomon Islands have more than 90 families of shore fish (with many species within the families), Fyi has 50 families, and the Society Islands have 30.Third, the latitude of the islands also influenced the biotic mix, as those islands in relatively cooler latitudes, notably New Zealand, were unsuited to supporting some of the tropical plants with which Pacific islands are generally associated. Finally, a fourth major factor in species distribution, and indeed in the shaping of Pacific ecosystems, was wind. It takes little experience on Pacific islands to be aware that there are prevailing winds. To the north of the equator these are called north-easterlies, while to the south they are called south-easterlies. Further south, from about 30° so uth, the winds are generally from the west. As a result on nearly every island of significantsize there is an ecological difference between its windward and leeward (away from the wind) sides. Apart from the wind action itself on plants and soils, wind has a major effect onrain distribution. The Big Island of Hawaii is often cited as a prime example; one can leaveKona on the leeward side in brilliant sunshine and drive across to the windward side where the city of Hilo is blanketed in mist and rain.11.The word remnants in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to________.A remaindersB remindersC reproductionsD resemblances12.The passage supports which of the following statements about species on volcanic islands?A Volcanic island species are unlike the species found in other Pacific Ocean locations.B Volcanic islands lack the diversity of species found elsewhere in the Pacific.CVolcanic island species are all transplants from distant locations and exist in combinations not fo und elsewhere.DVolcanic island species differ from those on other islands in that animal species show greater div ersity than plant species do.13.According to Paragraph 1, how did the majority of plant species arrive on islands createdby geological processes such as volcanism?A They were transported by ocean currents.B They were carried to the islands by birds.C They were brought to the islands by humans.D They were transported by winds.14.The word remote in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to________.A unknownB isolatedC hostileD infertile15.In Paragraph 2, what is the author’s purpose in mentioning the estimated numbers of bird species on various Oceanic islands?A To give examples of the wide range of species that can be found on Oceanic islands.B To demonstrate how much knowledge about Oceanic species has been accumulated.C To illustrate the decline in species diversity from west to east on Oceanic islands.D To identify the influence of latitude upon Oceanic plants and animals.16.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlightedsentence in the passage?A Because of its latitude, New Zealand had a relatively cooler climate than other Pacific islands.BNew Zealand, like other Pacific islands, showed the effects of latitudes on its rich tropical plants.CBecause the latitudinal position of an island also affected its biotic mix, islands in cooler latitude s did not support some tropical species typical of the Pacific islands.DPacific islands were notable for their impressive biotic mix and association with tropical plants.17.According to Paragraph 2, all of the following types of islands are associated with higher species diversity EXCEPT________.A islands that are large in sizeB islands located in cool latitudesC islands located in the western part of OceaniaD islands located near other landmasses18.The Big Island of Hawaii is discussed in the passage as an example of________.A the relationship between latitude and windB how prevailing winds influence rainfall patternsC the relationship between rainfall and species distributionD the effects of wind action upon plants and soils19.What can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about Kona and Hilo?A The ecosystems of Kona and Hilo differ from each other.B Kona and Hilo have approximately the same rainfall in a given year.C Kona receives northeasterly winds while Hilo receives southeasterly winds.D Both Kona and Hilo have plants and soils that are often damaged by winds.20.The word "cited" underlined in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to________.A expectedB believedC comparedD mentionedIt was a one-line chat reply from an AncestryDNA customer-service rep that ripped Cather ine St. Clair's life. At 57, she was her family's resident genealogist and had sent her saliva t o Ancestry for testing. So when her brother Mike showed up as a "first cousin or close rela tive," she assumed it must be a glitch. Even stranger: The test showed that someone she h ad never heard of was a much closer genetic match than Mike. She contacted Ancestry cu stomer service through the website's chat feature. Calmly, a representative named Pam ex plained. "Siblings," Pam said, "normally share about 2,600 centimorgans of DNA, while half siblings share 1,800." She said, "Go click on the little icon by his name. It will tell you howmuch you share with him," recalled St. Clair. "And when I clicked on it, that's when the floo r fell out from under me." Mike wasn't her full brother. They didn't share the same father. In the business of consumer DNA testing, customer service is sometimes a lot more like e motional support. Though genetic tests are frequently marketed as family-friendly enterta inment, they sometimes wind up surfacing life-altering surprises. And when those surprise s show up in someone's test results, the first move is often a call to customer service." We don't really play the role of therapist, but rather listen and try to be sympathetic and emp athetic, getting them to process things," said Kent Hillyer, head of customer care for the g enetic-testing firm 23andMe. At 23andMe, those types of calls are so frequent that prepar ing for them is integrated into the company's months-long training program. "The most c ommon issue," said Hillyer, "is when a customer's presumed father doesn't show up on a t est as the genetic dad. But sometimes mothers or siblings are a surprise, too." "How most of those conversations start is people come to us to verify the accuracy," said Hillyer." So mebody has known something their whole life and then this company is telling them som ething different. It's tough." In training, new employees do mock phone calls and role play ing to prepare for such conversations "We practice empathy and sympathy," said Hillyer."A lot of it is just listening. We always try to steer the conversation toward the data, and tell them that this is science," he added. At Ancestry, Kathy Luke, vice president of member s ervices, said a special team of representatives handles sensitive queries. "There are certain ly cases where a discovery might be quite unexpected," she said. "We take our responsibili ty toward our customers—and the potential impact of complex discoveries—very seriousl y." At 23andMe, Hillyer often encourages representatives to go for a walk after an intense call to help them decompress. "We kind of do these internal therapy sessions," he said. "H ere, maybe more so than most places, you have to be really supportive of each other." Lin dsay Grove, a customer-care rep at 23andMe, still remembers one call in particular, a dad who took the test only to find out that his child was not, in fact, his child. At first, like mos t, he was just trying to figure out whether the results were accurate. So Grove explained the science behind the data. The customer then became somber and quiet. He questionedwhether he should talk to his wife, and, if he did, how. "You could hear the emotion in hi m, and … wondering what he would do next," she said. The next step for St. Clair, who got the big surprise from Ancestry, was reaching out to the relative who showed up more clos ely related to her than her brother. She sent a message through the company's website. "I shared 2,172 centimorgans with her," said St. Clair. That was just a little more than she had shared with her brother. Pam, the customer-service representative, told her that meant the mystery relative was either a half-sibling, an aunt, an uncle, a niece or a nephew. St. Clair a nd the mystery relative talked on the phone. It turned out they were, in fact, half-siblings.Her mother had worked for her newfound-sister's dad in 1960, around the same time that St. Clair was conceived. Both of her parents died years ago, so it was too late for St. Clair t o confront them about the discovery. St. Clair went on to start a Facebook group for peop le like her called DNA NPE Friends. NPE is short for "not parent expected." It now has more than 4,000 members and is one of several such groups. "It's so deep, the way this affectsour role in the family and our relationship to our parents," she said. "It is traumatic." (选自《欧洲金融时报》2019年1月7日)21.The word "glitch" underlined in Paragraph 1 most likely means________.A astonishmentB depressionC errorD illusion22.When St. Clair clicked on the little icon, she was greatly________.A disappointedB shockedC discouragedD ashamed23.According to Paragraph 3, customer service is sometimes a lot more like emotional support because________.A genetic tests are frequently marketed as family-friendly entertainmentB genetic tests sometimes wind up surfacing life-altering surprisesC the first move is often a call to customer serviceD they often listen to and share the feelings with the customers24.The last sentence in paragraph 4 implies that________.A but sometimes mothers or siblings are surprised, tooB but sometimes mothers or siblings give us a surprise, tooC but sometimes mothers or siblings turn out not to be genetic ones, eitherD but sometimes mothers or siblings do not show up, either25.Which of the following statements is NOT true of 23andMe?A The company provides customers with genetic testing.B The company receives phone calls from customers frequently.C The company tries to confirm the test results to customers with data.D The company tries its best to treat those customers who cannot accept the test results.26.The word "mock" underlined in Paragraph 5 is synonymous with________.A simulatedB ridiculousC sarcasticD tremendous27.According to the passage, a special team of representatives is established to________.A steer the conversation toward the dataB make unexpected discoveriesC answer delicate questions from customersD take responsibility for customers28.In Paragraph 6, Hillyer often encourages representatives to go for a walk________.A so that they may get supportedB so that they may get relaxedC so that they may get treatedD so that they may get relieved29.It was in 1960 when St. Clair’s mother worked for her half-sibling’s father that________.A St. Clair was bornB St. Clair’s mother got marriedC St. Clair was foundD St. Clair’s mother got pregnant30.The overall tone of the passage is________.A sympatheticB subjectiveC indifferentD enthusiastic二、Cloze TestScience and technology is among the factors that have taken the human civilization to the level it enjoys today. Every milestone in scientific and technological【C1】________has take n society a step forward. Numerous scientific innovations that enjoyed their heyday in hist ory were later【C2】________by new ones. Today, although we still admire those inventors, we are not awe-struck (惊叹的) by their innovations or inventions as we now boast of scien ce and technology much more【C3】________than in the past. Will the science and technol ogy of our times【C4】________forever?【C5】________. In the future, people will view toda y's science and technology just as we【C6】________those of centuries ago. Therefore, tech nicians and scientists ought to【C7】________full play to their innovations during the latte r's limited "shelf life."【C8】________, the application and spread of advanced science and t echnology has been hitting man-made snags (障碍) in today's world. Many of these【C9】________are imposed by the developed West. Science and technology is a【C10】________th at belongs to all mankind. To prevent its spread and exchange of scientific data for the sake of narrow interests is a selfish act. The International Space Station, a manned space laboratory that saw the first launch in 1998, will complete its【C11】________in 2020 and then go out of orbit, falling into the sea. By then, China will have established its own space stati on,【C12】________will be the only one of its kind in space at that time. China has expressed its【C13】________to share the space station with the rest of the world. But if U.S. politicians continue【C14】________their obstruction, it will be impossible for U.S. aerospace work ers to use the Chinese space station. The 5G communication technology, or 5G, is【C15】________the most advanced in the world. Communication technology has been【C16】____ ____by leaps and bounds. It took less than 10 years to develop 3G from 2G and then just t hree years to leap to 4G. Now communication technology has entered the 5G era, which will help further develop the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence. Both China and t he United States are frontrunners in 5G technology. U.S. telecom companies and consume rs have a【C17】________demand for Huawei's 5G equipment but have been blocked acces s because of U.S. politicians' focus on their own interests. However, 5G is not the end of co mmunication technology. In the near future, quite possibly, it will be replaced by quantum communication technology. The space station technology of today will also be replaced b y new ones. One day in future, human beings【C18】________be able to undertake interpla netary journeys as easily as they travel by plane from one country to another. Focusing on immediate interests and【C19】________a blind eye to the future will hamper science work ers' efforts to maximize the benefits of science and technology and will also affect entire s ociety. The world needs a【C20】________to maximize the benefits of science and technology, condemn efforts to impose borders on science, and seek to remove restraints on com munication. (节选自Beijing Review 2019年1月10日 )31.【C1】A progressB roadC inventionD pavement32.【C2】A releasedB revisedC replacedD represented33.【C3】A sophisticatedB comfortableC interestingD important34.【C4】A enableB endureC maintainD sustain35.【C5】A Of courseB Not alwaysC It dependsD Certainly not36.【C6】A lookB talkC treatD find37.【C7】A useB takeC doD give38.【C8】A AlthoughB HoweverC ThereforeD Then39.【C9】A questionsB applicationsC blocksD suggestions40.【C10】A wealthB jewelryC benefitD dream41.【C11】A requirementB commissionC missionD destiny42.【C12】A whatB whichC itD that43.【C13】A willB willingnessC willingD willingly44.【C14】A toB throughC onD with45.【C15】A currentlyB certainlyC continuouslyD officially46.【C16】A advancedB advancingC changedD changing47.【C17】A smallB littleC bigD huge48.【C18】A mayB willC mustD can49.【C19】A closingB closeC turningD turn50.【C20】A consensusB contractC concernD contention三、Vocabulary Selection51.Uncle Bill used to climb mountains but he isn’t as________as before.A agedB astringentC agileD antic52.The school is going the________mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanksto its unique development program.A finalB furtherC supplementaryD extra53.On a rainy day I was driving north through Vermont________I noticed a young man holdingup a sign reading "Boston".A whenB whichC whatD that54.Most Chinese people went to work by bike within living________.A mindB knowledgeC memoryD vision55.You must fire________incompetent assistant of yours.A theB anC thatD whichever56.Due to the fact that universities cannot enroll all the candidates, ________to university is competitive.A admissionB affidavitC admirationD allegiance57.We express our deepest mourning for the dead in the attack, and we strongly________and firmly oppose terrorism of all forms.A condemnB reproachC reproveD blame58.The bank requires that the real estate company naturally serve as a loan________for its customers.A guaranteeB guaranteedC guaranteeingD guarantor59.We were all awed by the________of the Great Wall and felt that the scene is second to none.A gratitudeB grandeurC gravityD glare60.The best________of people’s ability to deal well with stress and anxiety is their social connection.A predictorB precisionC precautionD prevention61.Mary’s husband complained that Mary________at him all the time.A blamedB cozedC naggedD chattered62.He________as a rich man though he owed more than he owned.A servedB posedC pretendedD disguised63.Daniel Defoe is one of the most unique and________writers of the eighteenth century in English and world literature.A conflictedB contradictoryC controversialD conventional64.Cultural________indicates that human beings hand their languages down from one generation 1 another.A translationB transitionC transmissionD transaction65.The girl’s voice was so low that we could________hear her.A seldomB almostC onlyD barely66.Joan is in the dorm, putting the final________to her speech.A detailsB remarksC commentsD touches67.Our grateful thanks are________to the police department’s help in the making of this film.A dueB owingC owningD owe68.Pessimists________to a tragic sense of human nature and cannot really enjoy the pleasure of living as a human being.A clineB clusterC clayD cling69.________to school life was less difficult than the pupil had expected.A AdheringB AdjustingC AdoptingD Acquainting70.The U-boat blockade________England’s food shortage during World War II.A aggregatedB aggrievedC aggravatedD agonized四、Vocabulary Replacement71.Most trivial arguments are said to be based on matters of principle. Why should principlesmatter so much? Why cannot we be more pragmatic about our moment to moment beha vior?A pragmaticalB realisticD enigmatic72.In the opening scene of Step Up 2: The Streets, someone vibrates underneath a subway seat.A swingsB fluctuatesC quiversD undulates73.The asphalt at La Brea seeps to the surface, especially in the summer, and forms shallow puddles that would often have been concealed by leaves and dust.A highlightedB coveredC transformedD contaminated74.However, at intervals of 10 to 100 years, these glaciers move forward up to 100 times faster than usual.A recordsB speedsC distancesD periods75.Sleep has often been thought of as being in some way analogous to death.A similar。
英语二级笔译词汇大全汇总表(带音标下载版),值得收藏!
英语二级笔译词汇大全汇总表(带音标下载版)(共1400个) 2019.11.aloof[əˈlu:f] adj. 远离的；冷淡的，置身事外的【助记】loof 音似「路夫」，一个路人当然是＂冷淡的＂2.abysmal[əˈbɪzməl] adj. 极深的；糟透的【助记】abyss是深渊所以abysmal深不见底的3.allure[ə'lʊə(r)] vt.诱惑，引诱，吸引 n.诱惑力，魅力；【助记】Allure 爱乐，爱寻欢作乐--因为外面有"诱惑力"4.perplex[pəˈpleks] vt. 迷惑，使困惑【助记】plex=fold,表示"重叠"。
perplex v 使复杂，迷惑（ per 从头到尾+plex→始终重叠→迷惑）5.perfunctory[pəˈfʌŋktəri:] adj. 潦草的；敷衍的；马马虎虎的【助记】-ory表形容词，"…的"。
perfunctory a 草率的（per 表面＋funct 做…表面上做）6.pen[pen] n. 钢笔【助记】十(ten)只钢笔(pen)，换只母鸡(hen)7.peak[pi:k] n. 顶峰；帽舌；山峰【助记】pea豌豆 - pear梨 - peau果皮 - peak山峰，顶点 - peal 钟乐 - pean赞颂歌 - peat 泥炭块8.payroll[ˈpeirəul] n. 工资名单【助记】pay+roll 支付+名单，工资单9.patronize[ˈpætrənaiz] v. 屈尊；光顾，惠顾【助记】patr(i)=father,表示"父亲"。
patronize v 赞助；光顾（patron+ize)10.panorama[ˌpænəˈrɑ:mə] n. 全景，全景画，全景摄影，全景照片[装置]【助记】pan-表示"广泛的"。
2021年5月翻译资格考试二级英语笔译实务模拟试题及答案(2)
2021年5月翻译资格考试二级英语笔译实务模拟试题及答案第一部分英译汉必译题For all the natural and man-made disasters of the past year, travelers seem more determined than ever to leave home.Never mind the tsunami devastation in Asia last December, the recent earthquake in Kashmir or the suicide bombings this year in London and Bali, among other places on or off the tourist trail. The number of leisure travelers visiting tourist destinations hit by trouble has in some cases bounced back to a level higher than before disaster struck."This new fast recovery of tourism we are observing is kind of strange," said John Koldowski, director for the Strategic Intelligence Center of the Bangkok-based Pacific Asia Travel Association. "It makes you think about the adage that any publicity is good publicity."It is still too soon to compile year-on-year statistics for the disasters of the past 12 months,but travel industry experts say that the broad trends are already clear. Leisure travel isexpected to increase by nearly 5 percent this year, according to the World Tourism and Travel Council.Tourism and travel now seem to bounce back faster and higher each time there is an event of this sort," said Ufi Ibrahim, vice president of the London-based World Tourism and Travel Council. For London, where suicide bombers killed 56 and wounded 700 on July 8, she said, "It was almost as if people who stayed away after the bomb attack then decided to come back twice."Early indicators show that the same holds true for other disaster-struck destinations. Statistics compiled by the Pacific Asia Travel Association, for example, show that monthly visitor arrivals in Sri Lanka, where the Dec. 26, 2021, tsunami left more than 30,000 people dead or missing, were higher than one year earlier for every month from March through August of this year.A case commonly cited by travel professionals as an early example of the trend is Bali, where 202 people were killed in bombings targeting Western tourists in October 2021. Visitor arrivals plunged to 993,000 for the year after the bombing, but bounced back to 1.46 million in 2021, a level higher than the two years before the bomb, according to the Pacific Asia Travel Association.Even among Australians, who suffered the worst casualties in the Bali bombings, the number of Bali-bound visitors bounced back within two years to the highest level since 2021, according the Pacific Asia Travel Association.Bali was hit again this year by suicide bombers who killed 19 people in explosions at three restaurants.Visits are also on the upswing to post-tsunami Thailand, where the giant waves killed 5,400 and left more than 5,000 missing.Although the tsunami killed more than 500 Swedes on the Thai resort island of Phuket, thelargest number of any foreign nationality to die, Swedes are returning to the island in largernumbers than last year, according to My Travel Sweden, a Stockholm-based group that sends600,000 tourists overseas annually and claims a 28 percent market share for Sweden."We were confident that Thailand would eventually bounce back as a destination, but we didn"t think that this year it would come back even stronger than last year," said Joakim Eriksson, director of communication for My Travel Sweden. "We were very surprised because we really expected a significant decline."Eriksson said My Travel now expects a 5 percent increase in visitors to both Thailand andSri Lanka this season compared with the same season last year. This behavior is a sharp changefrom the patterns of the 1990s, Eriksson said."During the first Gulf war we saw a sharp drop in travel as a whole, and the same after Sept. 11," Eriksson said. "Now the main impact of terrorism or disasters is a change in destination."参考译文：尽管过去的一年天灾人祸不断，但这丝毫没有影响人们出游的兴致，出游意愿空前高涨。
历年英语翻译二级笔译综合能力真题
《笔译综合能⼒》 1. 阅读第⼀篇选⾃《纽约时报》，原⽂标题为：Few Biologists but Many Evangelicals Sign Anti-Evolution Petition 节选部分内容如下： In the recent skirmishes over evolution, advocates who have pushed to dilute its teaching have regularly pointed to a petition signed by 514 scientists and engineers. The petition, they say, is proof that scientific doubt over evolution persists. But random interviews with 20 people who signed the petition and a review of the public statements of more than a dozen others suggest that many are evangelical Christians, whose doubts about evolution grew out of their religious beliefs. And even the petition's sponsor, the Discovery Institute in Seattle, says that only a quarter of the signers are biologists, whose field is most directly concerned with evolution. The other signers include 76 chemists, 75 engineers, 63 physicists and 24 professors of medicine. The petition was started in 2001 by the institute, which champions intelligent design as an alternative theory to evolution and supports a "teach the controversy" approach, like the one scuttled by the state Board of Education in Ohio last week. Institute officials said that 41 people added their names to the petition after a federal judge ruled in December against the Dover, Pa., school district's attempt to present intelligent design as an alternative to evolution. "Early on, the critics said there was nobody who disbelieved Darwin's theory except for rubes in the woods," said Bruce Chapman, president of the institute. "How many does it take to be a noticeable minority — 10, 50, 100, 500?" Mr. Chapman said the petition showed "there is a minority of scientists who disagree with Darwin's theory, and it is not just a handful." The petition makes no mention of intelligent design, the proposition that life is so complex that it is best explained as the design of an intelligent being. Rather, it states: "We are skeptical of claims for the ability of random mutation and natural selection to account for the complexity of life. Careful examination of the evidence for Darwinian theory should be encouraged." A Web site with the full list of those who signed the petition was made available yesterday by the institute at . The signers all claim doctorates in science or engineering. The list includes a few nationally prominent scientists like James M. Tour, a professor of chemistry at Rice University; Rosalind W. Picard, director of the affective computing research group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and Philip S. Skell, an emeritus professor of chemistry at Penn State who is also a member of the National Academy of Sciences. It also includes many with more modest positions, like Thomas H. Marshall, director of public works in Delaware, Ohio, who has a doctorate in environmental ecology. The Discovery Institute says 128 signers hold degrees in the biological sciences and 26 in biochemistry. That leaves more than 350 nonbiologists, including Dr. Tour, Dr. Picard and Dr. Skell. Of the 128 biologists who signed, few conduct research that would directly address the question of what shaped the history of life. Of the signers who are evangelical Christians, most defend their doubts on scientific grounds but also say that evolution runs against their religious beliefs. Several said that their doubts began when they increased their involvement with Christian churches. Some said they read the Bible literally and doubt not only evolution but also findings of geology and cosmology that show the universe and the earth to be billions of years old. Scott R. Fulton, a professor of mathematics and computer science at Clarkson University in Potsdam, N.Y., who signed the petition, said that the argument for intelligent design was "very interesting and promising." He said he thought his religious belief was "not particularly relevant" in how he judged intelligent design. "It probably influences in the sense in that it makes me very interested in the questions," he said. "When I see scientific evidence that points to God, I find that encouraging." Roger J. Lien, a professor of poultry science at Auburn, said he received a copy of the petition from Christian friends. "I stuck my name on it," he said. "Basically, it states what I believe." Dr. Lien said that he grew up in California in a family that was not deeply religious and that he accepted evolution through much of his scientific career. He said he became a Christian about a decade ago, six years after he joined theAuburn faculty. "The world is broken, and we humans and our science can't fix it," Dr. Lien said. "I was brought to Jesus Christ and God and creationism and believing in the Bible." He also said he thought that evolution was "inconsistent with what the Bible says." Another signer is Dr. Gregory J. Brewer, a professor of cell biology at the Southern Illinois University medical school. Like other skeptics, he readily accepts what he calls "microevolution," the ability of species to adapt to changing conditions in their environment. But he holds to the opinion that science has not convincingly shown that one species can evolve into another. "I think there's a lot of problems with evolutionary dogma," said Dr. Brewer, who also does not accept the scientific consensus that the universe is billions of years old. "Scientifically, I think there are other possibilities, one of which would be intelligent design. Based on faith, I do believe in the creation account." Dr. Tour, who developed the "nano-car" — a single molecule in the shape of a car, with four rolling wheels — said he remained open-minded about evolution. "I respect that work," said Dr. Tour, who describes himself as a Messianic Jew, one who also believes in Christ as the Messiah. But he said his experience in chemistry and nanotechnology had showed him how hard it was to maneuver atoms and molecules. He found it hard to believe, he said, that nature was able to produce the machinery of cells through random processes. The explanations offered by evolution, he said, are incomplete. "I can't make the jumps, the leaps they make in the explanations," Dr. Tour said. "Will I or other scientists likely be able to makes those jumps in the future? Maybe." Opposing petitions have sprung up. The National Center for Science Education, which has battled efforts to dilute the teaching of evolution, has sponsored a pro-evolution petition signed by 700 scientists named Steve, in honor of Stephen Jay Gould, the Harvard paleontologist who died in 2002. The petition affirms that evolution is "a vital, well-supported, unifying principle of the biological sciences." Mr. Chapman of that institute said the opposing petitions were beside the point. "We never claimed we're in a fight for numbers," he said. Discovery officials said that they did not ask the religious beliefs of the signers and that such beliefs were not relevant. John G. West, a senior fellow at Discovery, said it was "stunning hypocrisy" to ask signers about their religion "while treating the religious beliefs of the proponents of Darwin as irrelevant." 2. 阅读第三篇选⾃《纽约时报》，原⽂标题为：Richard Prince Lawsuit Focuses on Limits of Appropriation 节选部分内容如下： In March a federal district court judge in Manhattan ruled that Mr. Prince — whose career was built on appropriating imagery created by others — broke the law by taking photographs from a book about Rastafarians and using them without permission to create the collages and a series of paintings based on them, which quickly sold for serious money even by today’s gilded art-world standards: almost $2.5 million for one of the works. (“Wow — yeah,” Mr. Prince said when a lawyer asked him under oath in the district court case if that figure was correct.) The decision, by Judge Deborah A. Batts, set off alarm bells throughout Chelsea and in museums across America that show contemporary art. At the heart of the case, which Mr. Prince is now appealing, is the principle called fair use, a kind of door in the bulwark of copyright protections. It gives artists (or anyone for that matter) the ability to use someone else’s material for certain purposes, especially if the result transforms the thing used — or as Judge Pierre N. Leval described it in an influential 1990 law review article, if the new thing “adds value to the original” so that society as a whole is culturally enriched by it. In the most famous test of the principle, the Supreme Court in 1994 found a possibility of fair use by the group 2 Live Crew in its sampling of parts of Roy Orbison’s “Oh Pretty Woman” for the sake of one form of added value, parody. In the Prince case the notoriously slippery standard for transformation was defined so narrowly that artists and museums warned it would leave the fair-use door barely open, threatening the robust tradition of appropriation that goes back at least to Picasso and underpins much of the art of the last half-century. Several museums, including the Museum of Modern Art and the Metropolitan, rallied to the cause, filing papers supporting Mr. Prince and calling the decision a blow to “the strong public interest in the free flow of creative expression.” Scholars and lawyers on the other side of the debate hailed it instead as a welcome corrective in an art world too long in thrall to the Pictures Generation — artists like Mr. Prince who usedappropriation beginning in the 1970s to burrow beneath the surface of media culture. But if the case has had any effect so far, it has been to drag into the public arena a fundamental truth hovering somewhere just outside the legal debate: that today’s flow of creative expression, riding a tide of billions of instantly accessible digital images and clips, is rapidly becoming so free and recycling so reflexive that it is hard to imagine it being slowed, much less stanched, whatever happens in court. It is a phenomenon that makes Mr. Prince’s artful thefts — those collages in the law firm’s office — look almost Victorian by comparison, and makes the copyright battle and its attendant fears feel as if they are playing out in another era as well, perhaps not Victorian but certainly pre-Internet. In many ways the art world is a latecomer to the kinds of copyright tensions that have already played out in fields like music and movies, where extensive systems of policing, permission and licensing have evolved. But art lawyers say that legal challenges are now coming at a faster pace, perhaps in part because the art market has become a much bigger business and because of the extent of the borrowing ethos. 1. 英译汉第⼀篇选⾃《纽约时报》，原⽂标题为：Translation as Literary Ambassador 节选部分内容如下： The runaway success of Stieg Larsson’s “Millennium” trilogy suggests that when it comes to contemporary literature in translation, Americans are at least willing to read Scandinavian detective fiction. But for work from other regions, in other genres, winning the interest of big publishing houses and readers in the United States remains a steep uphill struggle. Among foreign cultural institutes and publishers, the traditional American aversion to literature in translation is known as “the 3 percent problem.” But now, hoping to increase their minuscule share of the American book market — about 3 percent — foreign governments and foundations, especially those on the margins of Europe, are taking matters into their own hands and plunging into the publishing fray in the United States. Increasingly, that campaign is no longer limited to widely spoken languages like French and German. From Romania to Catalonia to Iceland, cultural institutes and agencies are subsidizing publication of books in English, underwriting the training of translators, encouraging their writers to tour in the United States, submitting to American marketing and promotional techniques they may have previously shunned and exploiting existing niches in the publishing industry. “We have established this as a strategic objective, a long-term commitment to break through the American market,” said Corina Suteu, who leads the New York branch of the European Union National Institutes for Culture and directs the Romanian Cultural Institute. “For nations in Europe, be they small or large, literature will always be one of the keys of their cultural existence, and we recognize that this is the only way we are going to be able to make that literature present in the United States.” For instance, the Dalkey Archive Press, a small publishing house in Champaign, Ill., that for more than 25 years has specialized in translated works, this year began a Slovenian Literature Series, underwritten by official groups in Slovenia, once part of Yugoslavia. The series’s first book, “Necropolis,” by Boris Pahor, is a powerful World War II concentration-camp memoir that has been compared to the best of Elie Wiesel and Primo Levi, and has been followed by Andrej Blatnik’s “You Do Understand,” a rather absurdist but still touching collection of sketches and parables about love and intimacy. Dalkey has also begun or is about to begin similar series in Hebrew and Catalan, and with Switzerland and Mexico, the last of which will consist of four books yearly for six years. In each case a financing agency in the host co u n t r y i s s u b s i d i z i n g p u b l i c a t i o n a n d p a r t i c i p a t i n g i n p r o m o t i o n a n d m a r k e t i n g i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s , a n e f f o r t t h a t c a n e a s i l y r e q u i r e $ 1 0 , 0 0 0 o r m o r e a b o o k . / p >。
英语笔译二级试题及答案
英语笔译二级试题及答案一、词汇翻译（共10分，每题1分）1. 翻译下列单词或短语：- 创新：innovation- 可持续发展：sustainable development- 人工智能：artificial intelligence- 经济增长：economic growth- 环境保护：environmental protection2. 翻译下列句子中的划线部分：- 他是一个多才多艺的艺术家。
(多才多艺)- 我们正在寻求一个平衡点来解决这个问题。
(寻求)- 这个项目的成功依赖于团队的协作。
(依赖于)- 政府已经采取了一系列措施来提高教育质量。
(采取了一系列措施)- 她对这个问题的看法非常独特。
(看法)二、句子翻译（共20分，每题4分）1. 随着科技的发展，远程工作变得越来越普遍。
With the advancement of technology, remote work is becoming increasingly common.2. 教育对于一个国家的繁荣至关重要。
Education is crucial to the prosperity of a nation.3. 我们应当尊重每个人的文化差异。
We should respect the cultural differences of every individual.4. 这个政策旨在减少贫困并提高人们的生活水平。
This policy aims to reduce poverty and improve thestandard of living.5. 环境污染已经成为全球性的问题。
Environmental pollution has become a global issue.三、段落翻译（共30分，每题10分）1. 翻译下列段落：随着全球化的不断深入，各国之间的经济联系日益紧密。
国际贸易的增加促进了世界经济的增长，同时也带来了一些挑战，如贸易不平衡和市场保护主义。
笔译二级题型
笔译二级题型摘要：1.笔译二级考试概述2.笔译二级考试的题型3.应对笔译二级考试的策略正文：【笔译二级考试概述】笔译二级考试，全称为全国翻译专业资格（水平）笔译二级考试，是我国翻译行业的一项重要资格考试。
该考试旨在评估考生的翻译能力和水平，为社会提供合格的翻译人才。
通过该考试的考生，可以获得翻译专业资格证书，从而在就业、职称评定等方面享有一定的优势。
【笔译二级考试的题型】笔译二级考试主要分为两个部分：英译汉和汉译英。
这两个部分各包含三种题型，具体如下：1.英译汉：（1）段落翻译：要求考生将一段英文文字翻译成中文，测试考生对英语篇章结构的理解和翻译能力。
（2）句子翻译：要求考生将若干英文句子翻译成中文，测试考生对英语句子结构的理解和翻译能力。
（3）词汇翻译：要求考生将若干英文词汇翻译成中文，测试考生对英语词汇的理解和翻译能力。
2.汉译英：（1）段落翻译：要求考生将一段中文文字翻译成英文，测试考生对中文篇章结构的理解和翻译能力。
（2）句子翻译：要求考生将若干中文句子翻译成英文，测试考生对中文句子结构的理解和翻译能力。
（3）词汇翻译：要求考生将若干中文词汇翻译成英文，测试考生对中文词汇的理解和翻译能力。
【应对笔译二级考试的策略】1.扎实的语言基础：要顺利通过笔译二级考试，考生需要具备扎实的英语和汉语语言基础，包括词汇、语法、句法等。
2.丰富的翻译实践经验：考生需要通过大量的翻译实践，不断提高自己的翻译能力，培养翻译思维。
3.系统学习翻译理论：考生应系统学习翻译理论，了解翻译的基本原则和方法，为实践提供理论指导。
4.注重时事和行业动态：考生应关注国际国内时事和行业动态，熟悉各类文体和题材，以便在考试中迅速应对。
5.多做模拟题和真题：考生可通过模拟题和真题进行自我测试，了解自己的薄弱环节，有针对性地进行复习和提高。
通过以上分析，我们可以了解到笔译二级考试的题型和应对策略。
英语catti二级笔译大纲
英语catti二级笔译大纲The Catti Level 2 English Translation Outline is a comprehensive guide designed for intermediate-level translators. It encompasses a wide range of topics, from business and legal documents to literature and tourism, ensuring a well-rounded skill set.This outline serves as a roadmap for aspiring translators, highlighting the importance of cultural nuances andlinguistic accuracy. It emphasizes the need for a deep understanding of both source and target languages to convey messages effectively.The Level 2 outline challenges candidates to demonstrate their ability to handle complex sentences and specialized terminology. It also encourages the development of critical thinking and problem-solving skills in translation scenarios.Practice is key to mastering the Catti Level 2 English Translation. The outline suggests engaging in regular translation exercises, reviewing feedback, and refining techniques to improve translation quality.The ultimate goal of this outline is to preparecandidates for real-world translation challenges, equipping them with the tools to excel in their careers and contributeto cross-cultural communication.By adhering to the Catti Level 2 English Translation Outline, translators can expect to enhance their professional capabilities, making them more competitive in the global market.。
CATTI-英语二级笔译实务试题
CATTI 英语二级笔译实务试题CA TTI二级笔译英译汉两篇文章均出自《纽约时报》,下面是真题出处：Part 1：English-Chinese TranslationPassage 1WATERLOO, Belgium —The region around this Belgian city is busily preparing to commemorate the 200th anniversary in 2015 of one of the major battles in European military history. But weaving a path through the preparations is proving almost as tricky as making one’s way across the battlefield was back then, when the Duke of Wellington, as commander of an international alliance of forces, crushed Napoleon.A rambling though dilapidated farmstead called Hougoumont, which was crucial to the battle’s outcome, is being painstakingly restored as an educational center. Nearby, an underground visitor center is under construction, and roads and monuments throughout the rolling farmland where once the sides fought are being refurbished. More than 6,000 military buffs are expected to re-enact individual skirmishes.While the battle ended two centuries ago, however, hard feelings have endured. Memories are long here, and not everyone here shares Britain’s enthusiasm for celebrating Napoleon’s defeat.Every year, in districts of Wallonia, the French-speaking part of Belgium, there are fetes to honor Napoleon, according to Count Georges Jacobs de Hagen, a prominent Belgian industrialist and chairman of a committee responsible for restoring Hougoumont. “Napoleon, for these people, was very popular,”Mr. Jacobs, 73, said over coffee. “That is why, still today, there are some enemies of the project.”Belgium, of course, did not exist in 1815. Its Dutch-speaking regions were part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, while the French-speaking portion had been incorporated into the French Empire. Among French speakers, Mr. Jacobs said, Napoleon had a “huge influence — the administration, the Code Napoléon,”or reform of the legal system. While Dutch-speaking Belgians fought under Wellington, French speakers fought with Napoleon.That distaste on the part of modern-day French speakers crystallized in resistance to a British proposal that, as part of the restoration of Hougoumont, a memorial be raised to the British soldiers who died defending its narrow North Gate at a critical moment on June 18, 1815, when Wellington carried the day. “Every discussion in the committee was filled with high sensitivity,”Mr. Jacobs recalled. “I said, ‘This is a condition for the help of the British,’ so the North Gate won the battle, and we got the monument.”If Belgium was reluctant to get involved, France was at first totally uninterested. “They told us, ‘We don’t want to take part in this British triumphalism,’ “said Countess Nathalie du Parc Locmaria, a writer and publicist who is president of a committee representing four townships that own the land where the battle raged.（原文地址：http：///2013/09/2 ... ）Passage 2Bayer cares about the bees.Or at least that’s what they tell you at the company’s Bee Care Center on its sprawling campus here between Düsseldorf and Cologne. Outside the cozy two-story building that houses the center is a whimsical yellow sculpture of a bee. Inside, the same image is fashioned into paper clips, or printed on napkins and mugs.”Bayer is strictly committed to bee health,” said Gillian Mansfield, an official specializing in strategic messaging at the company’s Bayer CropScience division. She was sitting at the center’s semicircular coffee bar, which has a formidable espresso maker and, if you ask, homegrown Bayer honey. On the surrounding walls, bee fun facts are written in English, like “A bee can fly at roughly 16 miles an hour” or, it takes “nectar from some two million flowers in order to produce a pound of honey.” Next year, Bayer will open another Bee Care Center in Raleigh, N.C., and has not ruled out more in other parts of the world.There is, of course, a slight caveat to all this buzzy good will.Bayer is one of the major producers of a type of pesticide that the European Union has linked to the large-scale die-offs of honey bee populations in North America and Western Europe. They are known as neonicotinoids, a relatively new nicotine-derived class of pesticide. The pesticide wasbanned this year for use on many flowering crops in Europe that attract honey bees.Bayer and two competitors, Syngenta and BASF, have disagreed vociferously with the ban, and are fighting in the European courts to overturn it.Hans Muilerman, a chemicals expert at Pesticide Action Network Europe, an environmental group, accused Bayer of doing “almost anything that helps their products remaining on the market. Massive lobbying, hiring P.R. firms to frame and spin, inviting commissioners to show their plants and their sustainability.””Since they learned people care about bees, they are happy to start the type of actions you mention, ‘bee care centers’ and such,” he said.There is a bad guy lurking at the Bee Care Center — a killer of bees, if you will. It’s just not a pesticide.Bayer’s culprit in the mysterious mass deaths of bees can be found around the corner from the coffee bar. Looming next to another sculpture of a bee is a sculpture of a parasite known as a varroa mite, which resembles a gargantuan cooked crab with spiky hair.The varroa, sometimes called the vampire mite, appears to be chasing the bee next to it, which already has a smaller mite stuck to it. And in case the message was not clear, images of the mites, which are actually quite small flash on a screen at the center.While others point at pesticides, Bayer has funded research that blames mites for the beedie-off. And the center combines resources from two of the company’s divisions, Bayer CropScience and Bayer Animal Health, to further study the mite menace.”The varroa is the biggest threat we have”said Manuel Tritschler, 28, a third-generation beekeeper who works for Bayer. “It’s very easy see to them, the mites, on the bees,”he said, holding a test tube with dead mites suspended in liquid. “They suck the bee blood, from the adults and from the larvae, and in this way they transport a lot of different pathogens, virus, bacteria, fungus to the bees,” he said.Conveniently, Bayer markets products to kill the mites too — one is called CheckMite — and Mr. Tritschler’s work at the center included helping design a “gate”to affix to hives that coats bees with such chemical compounds.There is no disputing that varroa mites are a problem, but Mr. Muilerman said they could not be seen as the only threat.The varroa mite “cannot explain the massive die-off on its own,” he said. “We think the bee die-off is a result of exposure to multiple stressors.”(原文地址：http：///2013/12/1 ... )汉译英第一篇矿产资源是自然资源的重要组成部分，是人类社会发展的重要物质基础。
2020.11 CATTI英语二级笔译实务试题英译汉参考译文
2020.11 CATTI英语二级笔译实务试题英译汉参考译文仅供参考English-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into English.【Passage 1】The world is at a social, environmental and economic tipping point. Subdued growth, rising inequalities and accelerating climate change provide the context for a backlash against capitalism, globalization, technology, and elites. There is gridlock in the international governance system and escalating trade and geopolitical tensions are fueling uncertainty. This holds back investment and increases the risk of supply shocks: disruptions to global supply chains, sudden price spikes or interruptions in the availability of key resources.Persistent weaknesses in the drivers of productivity growth are among the principal culprits. In advanced, emerging and developing economies, productivity growth started slowing in 2000 and decelerated further after the crisis. Between 2011 and 2016, “total factor productivity growth” – or the combined growth of inputs, like resources and labour, and outputs - grew by 0.3 percent in advanced economies and 1.3 percent in emerging and developing economies.The financial crisis added to this deceleration. Investments are undermined by uncertainty, low demand and tighter credit conditions. Many of the structural reforms designed to revive productivity that were promised by policy-makers did not materialize.Governments must better anticipate the unintended consequences of technological integration and implement complementary social policies that support populations through the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Economies with strong innovation capability must improve their talent base and the functioning of their labor markets.Adaption is critical. We need an a well-functioning labour market that protects workers, not jobs. Advanced economies need to develop their skills base and tackle rigidities in their labour markets. As innovation capacity grows, emerging economies need to strengthen their skills and labour market to minimize the risks of negative social spillovers.Sustainable economic growth remains the surest route out of poverty and a core driver of human development. For the past decade, growth has been weak and remains below potential in most developing countries, seriously hampering progress on several of the UN’s 2030 sustainable development Goals (SDGs).The world is not on track to meet any of the SDGS. Least developed countries have missed the target of 7 percent growth every year since 2015. Extreme poverty reduction is decelerating. 3.4 billion people –or 46 percent of the world’s population – lived on less than US$5.50 a day and struggled to meet basic needs. After years of steady decline, hunger has increased and now affects 826 million up from 784 million in 2015. A total of 20 percent of Africans population is undernourished. The “zero hunger” target will almost certainly be missed.参考译文世界正处在社会、环境和经济的转折点。
中高级英语笔译必备-常用成语英译(2)
中高级英语笔译必备:常用成语英译(2)目的关系减员增效downsize (and cut payroll) to improve efficiency (for efficiency)退耕还林return cultivated land to forest or pastures集资办学raise money to set up new schools结党营私form cliques for private gain扭亏为盈turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one途径方式寓教于乐teach through lively activities因材施教teach students according to their aptitude按劳分配distribution according to performance以商养文support /sponsor cultural activities with the profits from doing business偏正词组廉洁奉公honestly perform ones official duties环境绿化environmental greening超前消费premature consumption; Over-consume; excessive consumption以强凌弱the strong domineering over the weak以人为本people foremost; People-oriented动宾关系优势互补complement each others advantages自主经营，自负盈亏make ones own management decisions, take full responsibility for ones own profits and losses条件关系不进则退no progress simply means regression省略意象瞻前顾后over cautions and indecisive源远流长have a long history呕心沥血spare no efforts画龙点睛bring out the crucial point花天酒地go on the loose汗马功劳exploits闻名遐迩famous独具匠心original中流砥柱mainstay, chief cornerstone鱼米之乡a land of milk and honey世外桃源a haven of peace浩如烟海的文化典籍numerous volumes of literature。
英语笔译二级
英语笔译二级（实用版）目录1.英语笔译二级的简介2.英语笔译二级的考试内容3.英语笔译二级的考试形式4.英语笔译二级的备考建议正文英语笔译二级是我国翻译专业资格（水平）考试中的一个重要级别，主要测试考生的英汉互译能力和翻译技巧。
这个级别的考试适合具有一定英语基础和翻译实践经验的人员参加，能够帮助他们在职场和学术领域中提高翻译水平，提升自身的竞争力。
英语笔译二级的考试内容主要包括两个部分：英译汉和汉译英。
英译汉部分要求考生将英文文章翻译成中文，而汉译英部分则要求考生将中文文章翻译成英文。
考试的题目类型多样，既有篇章翻译，也有句子翻译，旨在全面测试考生的翻译能力。
英语笔译二级的考试形式分为笔试和口试两个阶段。
笔试部分要求考生在规定时间内完成英译汉和汉译英的题目，考试结束后，试卷将由专业的评卷人员进行评分。
口试部分则要求考生现场进行英汉互译，测试他们的应变能力和口语表达能力。
口试的成绩将结合笔试成绩，最终确定考生的考试成绩。
要想顺利通过英语笔译二级的考试，考生需要提前做好充分的备考。
以下是一些建议：1.提高英语水平：英语笔译二级考试对考生的英语水平有较高要求，因此考生需要通过阅读、听力、口语等途径提高自己的英语水平。
2.学习翻译技巧：翻译不仅仅是语言的转换，还需要掌握一定的翻译技巧。
考生可以通过阅读翻译教材、参加培训班等途径学习翻译技巧。
3.多做练习：翻译水平的提高离不开大量的实践。
考生可以利用业余时间多做英汉互译的练习，提高自己的翻译能力。
4.参加模拟考试：参加模拟考试可以让考生了解考试的题型和难度，提高自己的应试能力。
总之，英语笔译二级考试是对考生英汉互译能力的一次全面检验。
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英语笔译外语系：史清玲第一部分英汉语对比研究语音第一讲汉语的音系特征：（1）元音优势。
汉语没有辅音可以成字，没有元音，则不能成字。
这就使汉语音素组合具有优美的音乐感、实质感；（2）声调系统。
由于汉语的字都必须有元音构成基本音素，具有充实的音量，因此，汉语的字都有声调，构成了汉语特有的声调系统（四声）；（3）平仄分类。
汉语声调系统又有平仄的分类，平仄分类使汉语极富节奏感；如“光明正大”、“谦虚谨慎”是平平仄仄，“异口同声”、“快马加鞭”是“仄仄平平”，因此读起来非常顺口悦耳。
（4）组词灵活。
汉语属于单音文字，非常便于组成不同音节的词或词组。
词与词搭配时也不必使用联结音素，这就使得汉语得语音流纯净、清晰，优美悦耳。
上述汉语得语音特征充分表现在杰出的汉语文学作品中，显示出汉语因素的独特的风格美。
如诗歌，白日依山尽，黄河入海流。
欲穷千里目，更上一层楼。
句中平仄交替，上下句平仄对立，排列非常整齐。
散文当然不必像诗歌那样讲究平仄，但适当注意句内平仄的搭配，对美化语音的声调，增强艺术的感染力量，也有很大作用。
正像老舍先生在《戏剧浅谈》中所指出的那样: “即使写散文，平仄的排列也还该考究。
‘张三李四’好听。
‘张三王八’就不好听。
前者二平二仄，有起有落；后者是四字皆平，缺乏抑扬。
四个字尚且如此，那么来说几句就该好好安排一下了。
”下面这段散文，平仄搭配很有规则，声调显得十分和谐悦耳。
曲曲折折的荷塘上面，弥望的是田田的叶子，叶子出水很高，象亭亭的舞女的裙。
层层的叶子中间，零星地点缀些白花，有袅娜地开着的，有羞涩的打着朵的；正如一粒粒的明珠，又如碧天里的星星，又如刚出浴的美人。
微风过处，送来缕缕清香，仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的。
第二讲浅谈英汉翻译中音韵与节奏的处理语言是以语音作为物质外壳的。
一篇好的文章读起来总是琅琅上口,音调悦耳,因此人们常常使用“声情并茂”这四个字来评价这样一类的好文章。
所谓“声”就着重语音方面讲的,它跟作品的语义内容即“情”紧密结合，相得益彰。
文学作品之所以不朽,关键在于其审美价值。
作者通过写景、抒情、叙事、说理或创造形象传达他的意图，同时，作品的审美价值通过语言的声响和节奏表达出来。
因此，如何在翻译中体现语言的声响与节奏，保持和再现文学作品语言审美价值，就成了一个值得探讨的问题。
一般说来，词语声音方面的修辞现象，涉及到谐调和节奏两方面的问题。
下面就从这两个方面来谈谈英汉翻译中音韵与节奏的处理这个问题。
一、谐调谐调是指字音组合的和谐优美。
要使词语的声音谐调，应该注意三个方面的问题：1、声响在文章中,如能恰当使用“双声词”、“迭音词”和“摹声词”,可以使字词声音组合和谐优美，悦耳动听。
古人这样形容双声、迭韵的语音美：“迭韵如两玉相扣，取其铿锵；双声如贯珠，取其婉转。
”意思是说两个韵母相同的字放在一起，声音特别响亮，铿锵悦耳；两个声母相同的字放在一起，发音部位一样，说来自然顺口。
如，举例说明真的猛士，敢于直面惨淡的人生，敢于正视淋漓的献血。
其中“惨淡”是迭韵，“淋漓”、“鲜血”是双声。
这些双声迭韵词的使用,使句子的声调十分和谐悦耳。
拟声词的作用，在于加强语言的直观性、形象性和生动性。
汉语中拟声词特别发达，如“关关雎鸠”、“车辚辚，马萧萧”、“青青河边草，郁郁园中柳”、“寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚”等。
它们共同的特点是使用同一音节重迭的迭音词，既美化了声音，又创造了意境，从而创造了中国古典诗文的典范。
在散文中也可经常见到词的重迭运用，如“高兴”往往可以说成“高高兴兴”，“唠叨”说成“唠唠叨叨”等。
On some October morning there is a heavy hoar-frost on the grass and along the tops of the fences; and at sunrise the leaves fall from the trees of our avenue without a breath of wind, quietly descending by their own weight. All summer long they have murmured like the noise of waters; they have roared loudly while the branches were wrestling with the thunder gust…十月的早晨,有时候草地上,篱笆顶上就有浓浓的霜。
黎明日出，我们林荫道上的树叶就纷纷落下，一丝风都没有，只是被地心引力吸下来了。
回想夏日，树叶总是沙沙的响，宛如流水一般；雷雨之时，树枝和狂风肉搏，树叶也呼呼作响……上文出自霍桑《古屋杂译》里描写秋天的一段文字，作者从着重从声音和色彩两方面刻画秋天的萧杀景象。
译者夏济安先生用优美、传神的中文传递了原文的精神，其中一个重要的原因就是迭音词的使用：浓浓、纷纷、沙沙、呼呼。
Only a very slight and very scattering ripples of half-hearted hand-clapping greeted him.译文1：译文2：欢迎他的只有几下轻轻的、零零落落、冷冷淡淡的掌声。
2．声调汉字的声调除了具有辨义的作用，在词语组合时，如能适当交替配合，还可以增强语言的音乐性。
现代汉语有四个声调，即阴平（第一声）、阳平（第二声）、上声（第三声）、去声（第四声）。
这四种声调在按照声调的长短变化概括分为平仄两类。
平声字听起来高昂平直，仄声字听起来婉转低沉，两者适当交替搭配，就能使声调发生抑扬顿挫的变化，产生悦耳动听的音乐美。
译文中如能做到句内平仄的搭配，对美化语音的声调，增强艺术的感染力，也有很大的作用。
举例。
3．韵脚在每句或隔句末了的位置上，使用韵母相同或相近的字，叫做韵脚。
韵脚一般使用平声字，间或也有用仄声字的。
这种语音的修辞方式叫压韵。
压韵可以使音节回环应和，优美动听，并且有助于思想内容的表达。
朱自清说：“压韵使得同一个音在同一个位置上不断重复，这种声音的回环复沓，可以帮助情感的强调和意义的集中。
”（《诗韵》）所以，在民歌、谚语的翻译中，应该注意押韵。
如，An apple a day keeps the doctor away.一天一个果儿，不用去诊所儿。
There‟s no pot so ugly that it can‟t find a lid.罐儿再丑，配个盖儿不发愁。
Out of sight, out of mind.眼不见，心不念。
散文一般不压韵，但抒情散文也经常会使用一些压韵的句式，使语调和谐畅达，并能助长文章的情思。
二.节奏节奏是指语音的起落停顿,整齐匀称。
好的译文不仅要忠于原意，而且还应该能够传达原作的风格情趣。
注意语句的节奏也是译文不可忽视的一个方面。
1．音节配合汉语属于单音文字，一个汉字代表一个音节（儿化音节除外），词与词之间组词灵活，中间不使用联音音素。
因此,在遣词造句中要求音节匀称平衡就尤为重要。
在英汉翻译中，为了音节平衡和节奏美，我们可以将单音节词与单音节词组合形成双音节词，双音节词与双音节词配合以便形成偶字结构。
But there had been too much publicity about my case.译文1：但我的事已经搞得大家都知道了。
译文2：但我的事已经搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。
比较以上两个译文，译文2采取了两个四字格结构，念起来顺口，有节奏感，文字因此而显得生动活泼，增强了修辞效果。
而译文1则采用了大白话，效果也就逊色得多了。
2、句式整齐The days of his youth appeared like dreams before him, and he recalled the serious moment when his father placed him at the entrance of the two roads--- one leading to a peaceful, sunny place, covered with flowers, fruits and resounding with soft, sweet songs; the other leading to a deep, dark cave, which was endless, where poison flowed instead of water and where devils and poisonous snakes hissed and crawled.青春时代梦幻般地浮现在他眼前。
他回想起那个庄严的时刻，父亲把他领到两条路的岔口——一条路通向和平安宁、阳光明媚的世界，那里有遍地鲜花，满园果实，四处洋溢着柔和悦耳的歌声；另一条路则通向黑暗的无底深渊，那里流淌的是毒浆而不是清水，那里有张牙舞爪的恶魔和嘶嘶蹿动的毒蛇。
可以看出，这段文字的鲜明的节奏感是和词语音节的整齐，句式匀称有密切关系。
这里使用的双音节词很多，形成比较整齐的双音节拍，并且又使用了对偶和排比的句式，句子和句子之间具有均衡一致的停顿和间歇，使语言具有很强的节奏感，保存了原文散文诗的特点。
Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, too seem to know that he doth not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt stuidia in mores.读书使人充实,讨论使人明智,笔记使人准确。
因此不常作笔记者须记忆特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。
读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善变；凡有所学，皆成性格。
从译文中，我们不仅可以看出译者是多么自然、多么熨贴地将文言句式织入了现代白话，而且可以听到一种和谐的音律。