1photosynthesis植物光合作用

1.2.5 Red algae and Cyanobacteria contain accessory pigments that absorb green light.
1.3 The reaction center complex . 1.3.1 Reaction centers are integral membrane protein complexes involved in conversion of light energy into chemical products. 1.3.2 Reaction centers contain both special chlorophyll and electron acceptor molecules involved in energy conversion. 1.3.3 The structure of a reaction center from a photosynthetic bacterium has been determined.
Carbon reduction cycle: reduce CO2 to carbohydrate on consuming th ATP and NADPH.
The conception that water oxidation and CO2 reduction were no obligately linked was first advanced in 1930s by Robert Hill . Reaction 1.4: Hill Reaction
植物生理学
Plant Physiology
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology of Plants
Bob B. Buchanan Wilhelm Gruissem Russell L. Jones
植物学报 植物生理学 植物生理学通信 Plant Physiology Plant Cell Plant Science Planta Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology
Reaction 1.4.3 Energy transfer in a phycobilisome
Phycoerythin(PC) →Phycocyanin(PE) →Allophycocyanin(APC) →Chl a

1.5 Organization of thylakoid membrane
2H2O+2A→O2+2H2A
1.2 Light Absorption and energy conversion.
1.2.1 Light is absorbed by pigment molecules.
Pigment→Pigment*
number of products formed photochemically Equation 1.2.1: Quantum Yield Ф= ------------------------------------------------------Number of quanta absorbed
1.1.3 Photosynthesis requires the coordination of two phases: light reactions and carbon-linked reactions
Light reactions: produce O2, ATP, and NADPH.
1.6 Electron transport pathways in chloroplast membranes 1.6.1 The chloroplast noncyclic electron transport chain produces O2,NADPH, and ATP and involves the cooperation of PSⅠ and PSⅡ
1.2.2
Almost all photosynthetic organisms contain chlorophyll or a related pigment.
Plants, Algae and Cyanobacteria: chlorophyll a or chlorophyll b. Anaerobic photosynthetic bacteria: bacteriochlorophyll a. Chlorophylls have a porphyrin ring structure that contains a central Mg atom coordinated to the four modified pyrrole rings. Chlorophyll molecules also contain a long hydrocarbon tail that makes the molecules hydrophobic. Various chlorophylls differ in their substituents around the ring structure.



Mol. Mass(kDa) 20.5 18 20 20 29 27-28 26.5 24
1.4.2 The organization of pigments in PSⅠ and PSⅡ.
1.4.3 The light-harvesting antennae of organism that contain phycobilins
1.3.4 The kinetics of primary charge separation events are understood in great detail.
1.3.5 Oxygenic photosynthetic organisms contain two photochemical reaction centers, PSI and PSII
1.6.2 Photosystem stoichiometry variesby species and is influenced by light environment.

Table 1.6.2 Stoichiometry of the photosystems in different oxygenevolving systems and in response to changes in light quality _______ System PSⅡ/PSⅠratio Cyanobacteria Red algae Green algae Tobacco mutant su/su Pea chloroplasts From plants grown in PSⅡ light (550-660nm) From plants grown in sunlight From plants grown in PSⅠ light(>660nm)
Biosynthesis of chlorophylls and hemes.
1.2.3 Carotenoids and xanthophylls participate in light absorption and photoprotection
.
1.2.4 Absorption spectra of chlorophylls and other photosynthetic pigments
Chloroplast, a double-membrane system, consist of an out envelope and inner envelope. The internal membrane system , known as the thylakoids, contains granal thylakoids and stroma thylakoids. The thylakoid membranes are all interconnected and enclose an internal space, the lumen.
1.5.1 Protein complexes of the thylakoid membrane exhibit lateral heterogeneity.
1.5.2 Phosphorylation of LHC-Ⅱ may influence the distribution of energy between PSⅠ and PSⅡ
Reaction1.2: Oxygenic Phototsynthesis
CO2+2H2O→(CH2O)+O2+H20
Reaction1.3:Photosynthetic sulfur reduction

CO2+2H2A→(CH2O)+2S+H2O
1.1.2
In photosynthetic eukaryotes, photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast, a specialized organelle

Table 1.4.2 Properties of light-harvesting chlorophyll protein complexes





Complex Chl a/b ratio Gene Light-harvesting complexes (LHC) associated with PSⅠ LHC-Ⅰa 2.0-3.1 lhca3 (LHC-Ⅰ680) lhca2 LHC-Ⅰb 2.2-4.4 lhca1 (LHC-Ⅰ730) lhca4 Light-harvesting complexes associated with PSⅡ LHC-Ⅱa (CP29) 4.0 lhcb4 LHC-Ⅱb 1.35 lhcb1 LHC-Ⅱc (CP26) 2.9 lhcb5 LHC-Ⅱd (CP24) 1.51 lhcb6
Part 1 Photosynthesis
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1.1
Overview of Photosynthesis
1.1.1 Photosynthesis is a biological oxidation-reduction process. Reaction 1.1: Photosynthesis CO2+2H2A→(CH2O)+2A+H2O
1.3.5.1 Structure model of the PSII reaction center.
1.3.5.2 Structure model of the PSI reaction center.
1.4

The Photosystem
1.4.1 A photosystem contains a photochemical reaction center and multiple antennae ( auxiliary light-harvesting pigment-protein complexes). 1.4.2 Most oxygenic photosynthetic organisms contain chlorophyll a/b proteins as their principal antennae.
0.4 0.4 1.4 2.7 1.2 1.8 2.3
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1.6.3 PSⅡ functions as a light-dependent waterplastoquinone oxidoreductase.
Table 1.6.3 Protein subunits of the PSⅡ core complexe