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中国国情及文化词汇英文翻译

中国国情及文化词汇英文翻译

中国国情词汇翻译总需求 aggregate demand总供给 aggregate supply企业文化 corporate/entrepreneurial culture企业形象 corporate image (Cl); enterprise image跨国公司 cross-national corporation创业精神 enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise猎头公司head-hunter假日经济 holiday economy人力资本human capital航空和航天工业aerospace industry飞机制造工业aircraft industry电子工业 electronic industry汽车制造工业 car industry娱乐业 entertainment industry信息产业 information industry知识密集型产业 knowledge-intensive industry国有大中型企业 large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 轻工业 light industry博彩业 lottery industry制造业 manufacturing industry垄断行业 monopoly industries市场多元化 market diversification市场经济 market economy市场监管 market supervision购买力 purchasing power熊市 bear market牛市 bull market城镇化 urbanization房地产 real estate首付 down-payment业主 home owner个人购房贷款 individual housing loan经济全球化 economic globalization经济特区 special economic zones (SEZ)经济增长 economic growth泡沫经济 bubble economy 关税tariff纳税人tax payer宏观经济macro economy货币投放量 the size of money supply流动性过剩excess liquidity经济过热 overheated economy通货膨胀inflation抑制通货膨胀curb inflation注入流动性 to inject liquidity贴现率 discount rate存款准备金率 reserve requirement ratio (RRR)公开市场业务 open market operation (OMO)逆回购 reverse repurchase agreement; reverse repo引导降低市场借贷成本to guide the market borrowing costs to a lower level稳健的货币政策prudent monetary policy微调货币政策 to fine-tune monetary policy硬着陆 hard landing软着陆 soft landing二十国集团 Group of Twenty (G2O)财政部长 Finance Minister全年预期经济增长目标the expected growth target for the whole year 经济活力 economic vitality大规模经济刺激计划 a massive economic stimulus package结构改革 structural reform硬资产 hard assets软资产 soft assets有形资产 tangible assets经济走廊 economic corridor整顿市场秩序 to rectify the market order反垄断 antitrust; anti-monopoly定价浮动 price fluctuations谋求利益最大化 to maximize profit债务审计audit of debt地方性政府债务 local government debt/liability公共财政体制改革 an overhaul of the public finance system 债务管理 debt management信用支持 credit support多元文化论 cultural pluralism文化适应 acculturation社会保障 social security班车 shuttle bus相定迁户 a relocated unit or household大龄青年 single youth above the normal matrimonial age独生子女 the only child in a family单亲 single parent福利彩票 welfare lotteries家政服务 household management service民工 migrant laborers名人 celebrity农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural labor/laborers青春期 puberty全民健身运动 nationwide fitness campaign全国人口普查 nationwide census社会保险 social insurance暂住证 temporary residence permit/card青少年犯罪 juvenile delinquency性骚扰 sexual harassment走私 smuggling*性另歧视 gender/sexual discrimination年龄歧视 age discrimination工作歧视 job discrimination享乐主义hedonism文盲 illiteracy贫富分化 disparity between the rich and the poor盗版 pirated/illegal copies一国两制 One Country, Two Systems三个代表 the Three Represents Theory两会(人大、政协)Two Conferences (NPC and CPPCC)南南合作 South-South Cooperation南北对话 North-South Dialog人大常委会 People’s Congress Standing Committee法制观念 awareness of law法制国家 a country with an adequate legal system改革开放 reform and opening-up公务员 civil servants官僚主义作风 the bureaucratic style of work和谐并存 harmonious coexistence计划生育 family planning计划生育基本国策 the basic state policy of family planning 4青才申文明建设 the construction of spiritual civilization 居委会 neighborhood committee科教兴国 national rejuvenation through science and education 可持续发展 sustainable development廉洁高效 honesty and high efficiency两岸关系 cross-straits relations两岸谈判 cross-straits negotiations领土完整 territorial integrity民族精神 national spirit普选制 general election system求同存异 seek common ground while shelving differences人大代表NPC member物质文明和精神文明 material and spiritual civilization小康社会 a well-off society小康水平 a well-off standard一个中国原则 the one-China principle与时俱进 keep pace with the times综合国力 overall national strength共同愿望common desire“走出去”(战略)going global不结盟 non-alignment单边主义 unilateralism多边政策 multilateralism多极世界 multipolar world人口老龄化 aging of population人口出生率birth rate社区月服务 community service道德法庭 court of ethics盗用公款embezzlement成人夜校 night school for adults在职进修班 on-job training courses政治思想教育 political and ideological education毕业生分配 graduate placement; assignment of graduate充电update one’s knowledge初等教育 elementary education大学城 college town大学社区 college community高等教育 higher education高等教育“211 工程” the “211 Project” for higher education 高等学府 institution of higher education综合性大学 comprehensive university文科院校 colleges of (liberal) arts理工科大学 college / university of science and engineering 师范学院teachers’ college; normal college高分低能 high scores and low abilities高考(university/college) entrance examination高校扩招 the college expansion plan教育界 education circle教育投入 input in education九年义务教育 nine-year compulsory education考研 take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools课外活动 extracurricular activities必修课 required/compulsory course选修课 elective/optional course基础课 basic courses专业课 specialized courses课程表 school schedule教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus学习年限 period of schooling学历 record of formal schooling学分 credit启发式教学 heuristic teaching人才交流 talent exchange人才战 competition for talented people商务英语证书 Business English Certificate (BEC)适龄儿重入学率 enrollment rate for children of school age升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade; enrollment rate京剧 Peking opera秦腔 Qin opera功夫Kungfo太极Tai Chi口技 ventriloquism木偶戏puppet show皮影戏 shadowplay折子戏 opera highlights杂技 acrobatics相声 witty dialogue comedy刺绣 embroidery苏绣 Suzhou embroidery泥人 clay figure书法 calligraphy中国画 traditional Chinese painting水墨画 Chinese brush painting中国结 Chinese knot中国古代四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China火药 gunpowder印刷术printing造纸术 paper-making指南针 the compass青铜器 bronze ware瓷器 porcelain; china唐三彩 tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty景泰蓝cloisonne秋千swing武术 martial arts儒家思想Confucianism儒家文化 Confucian culture道教 Taoism墨家Mohism法家 Legalism佛教 Buddhism孔子 Confucius孟子 Mencius老子 Lao Tzu庄子 Chuang Tzu墨子 Mo Tzu孙子Sun Tzu象形文字 pictographic characters文房四宝(笔墨纸观)the Four Treasures of the Study (brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone)《大学》The Great Learning《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean《论语》The Analects of Confucius《孟子》The Mencius《孙子兵法》The Art of War《三国演义》Three Kingdoms《西游爷己》Journey to the West《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions《水浒传》Heroes of the Marshes《山海经》The Classic of Mountains and Rivers《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals《史记》Historical Records《诗经》The Book of Songs《易经》The I Ching; The Book of Changes《礼记》The Book of Rites《三字经》Three-character Scriptures 八股文 eight-part essay五言绝句 five-character quatrain七言律诗 seven-character octave旗袍 cheongsam中山装 Chinese tunic suit唐装 Tang suit风水 Fengshui; geomantic omen阳历 Solar calendar阴历 Lunar calendar闰年 leap year十二生肖zodiac春节 the Spring Festival元宵节 the Lantern Festival清明节 the Tomb-sweeping Day端午节 the Dragon-boat Festival中秋节 the Mid-autumn Day重阳节 the Double-ninth Day七夕节 the Double-seventh Day春联 spring couplets庙会 temple fair爆竹 firecracker年画(traditional) New Year pictures 压岁钱 New Year gift-money舞龙dragon dance元宵 sweet sticky rice dumplings花灯 festival lantern灯谜 lantern riddle舞狮 lion dance踩高跷 stilt walking赛龙舟 dragon boat race胡同hutong山东菜 Shandong cuisine川菜 Sichuan cuisine粤菜 Canton cuisine扬州菜 Yangzhou cuisine月饼 moon cake年糕 rice cake油条 deep-fried dough sticks豆浆 soybean milk馒头 steamed buns花卷 steamed twisted rolls包子 steamed stuffed buns北京烤鸭 Beijing roast duck拉面 hand-stretched noodles馄饨 wonton (dumplings in soup)豆腐 tofu? bean curd麻花 fried dough twist烧饼 clay oven rolls皮蛋 100-year egg; century egg蛋炒饭 fried rice with egg糖葫芦 tomatoes on sticks火锅hot pot长城 the Great Wall of China烽火台 beacon tower秦士台皇陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang 兵马俑 Terracotta Warriors and Horses大雁塔 Big Wild Goose Pagoda丝绸之路the Silk Road敦煌莫高窟Mogao Grottoes华清池 Huaqing Hot Springs五台山"Wutai Mountain九华山 Jiuhua Mountain蛾眉山Mount Emei泰山 Mount Tai黄山 Mount Huangshan; the Yellow Mountain故宫 the Imperial Palace天坛 the Temple of Heaven午门 Meridian Gate大运河 Grand Canal护城河the Moat回音壁Echo Wall居庸关 Juyongguan Pass九龙壁 the Nine Dragon Wall黄帝陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi十三陵 the Ming Tombs苏州园林 Suzhou gardens西湖 West Lake九寨沟 Jiuzhaigou Valley日月潭 Sun Moon Lake布达拉宫Potala Palace鼓楼 drum tower四合院 quadrangle; courtyard complex孔庙 Confucius Temple乐山大佛 Leshan Giant Buddha十八罗汉 the Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha喇嘛Lama风水:Fengshui; geomantic omen阳历:solar calendar阴历:lunar calendar闰年:leap year十二生肖:zodiac春节:the Spring Festival元宵节:the Lantern Festival清明节:the Tomb-sweeping Day端午节:the Dragon-boat Festival中秋节:the Mid-autumn Day重阳节:the Double-ninth Day七夕节:the Double-seventh Day春联:spring couplets春运:the Spring Festival travel把中国的汉字“福”字倒贴在门上(听起来像是福到)预示新年有好运:turn the Chinese character for luck (fu) upside down to make “dao”(which sounds like arrival) and put it on your door to bring in good fortune for the new year庙会:temple fair爆竹:firecracker年画:(traditional) New Year pictures压岁钱:New Year gift-money舞龙:dragon dance舞狮:lion dance元宵:sweet sticky rice dumplings花灯:festival lantern灯谜:lantern riddle食物对于中国佳节来说至关重要,但甜食对于农历新年特别重要,因为他们能让新的一年更加甜蜜。

公司各个部门英文翻译

公司各个部门英文翻译

市场营销部: SALES&MARKETING DEPARTMENT计财部:ACCOUNTING DEPARTMENT人力资源部: HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT工程部: ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT保安部: SECURITY DEPARTMENT行政部: EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT前厅部: FRONT OFFICE客房部: HOUSEKEEPING DEPARTMENT餐饮部: FOOD&BEVERAGE DEPARTMENT外销部: EXPORT DEPARTMENT财务科: FINANCIAL DEPARTMENT党支部: BRANCH OF THE PARTY会议室: MEETING ROOM会客室: RECEPTION ROOM质检科: QUALITY TESTING DEPARTMENT内销部: DOMESTIC SALES DEPARTMENT厂长室: FACTORY DIRECTOR'S ROOM行政科: ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT技术部: TECHNOLOGY SECTION档案室: MUNIMENT ROOM生产科: MANUFACTURE SECTION总公司: Head Office分公司: Branch Office营业部: Business Office人事部: Personnel Department总务部: General Affairs Department财务部: General Accounting Department销售部: Sales Department促销部: Sales Promotion Department国际部: International Department出口部: Export Department进口部: Import Department公共关系: Public Relations Department广告部: Advertising Department企划部: Planning Department产品开发部: Product Development Department研发部: Research and Development Department (R&D) 秘书室: Secretarial Poo市场部Marketing Department技术服务部 Technical service Department人事部 Personnel Department(人力资源部)Human Resources DepartmentAccounting Assistant 会计助理Accounting Clerk 记帐员Accounting Manager 会计部经理Accounting Stall 会计部职员Accounting Supervisor 会计主管Administration Manager 行政经理Administration Staff 行政人员Administrative Assistant 行政助理Administrative Clerk 行政办事员Advertising Staff 广告工作人员Airlines Sales Representative 航空公司定座员Airlines Staff 航空公司职员Application Engineer 应用工程师Assistant Manager 副经理Bond Analyst 证券分析员Bond Trader 证券交易员Business Controller 业务主任Business Manager 业务经理Buyer 采购员Cashier 出纳员Chemical Engineer 化学工程师Civil Engineer 土木工程师Clerk/Receptionist 职员/接待员Clerk Typist & Secretary 文书打字兼秘书Computer Data Input Operator 计算机资料输入员Computer Engineer 计算机工程师Computer Processing Operator 计算机处理操作员Computer System Manager 计算机系统部经理Copywriter 广告文字撰稿人Deputy General Manager 副总经理Economic Research Assistant 经济研究助理Electrical Engineer 电气工程师Engineering Technician 工程技术员English Instructor/Teacher 英语教师Export Sales Manager 外销部经理Export Sales Staff 外销部职员Financial Controller 财务主任Financial Reporter 财务报告人F.X. (Foreign Exchange) Clerk 外汇部职员F.X. Settlement Clerk 外汇部核算员Fund Manager 财务经理General Auditor 审计长General Manager/President 总经理General Manager Assistant 总经理助理General Manager‘s Secretary 总经理秘书Hardware Engineer (计算机)硬件工程师Import Liaison Staff 进口联络员Import Manager 进口部经理Insurance Actuary 保险公司理赔员International Sales Staff 国际销售员Interpreter 口语翻译Legal Adviser 法律顾问Line Supervisor 生产线主管Maintenance Engineer 维修工程师Management Consultant 管理顾问Manager 经理Manager for Public Relations 公关部经理Manufacturing Engineer 制造工程师Manufacturing Worker 生产员工Market Analyst 市场分析员Market Development Manager 市场开发部经理Marketing Manager 市场销售部经理Marketing Staff 市场销售员Marketing Assistant 销售助理Marketing Executive 销售主管Marketing Representative 销售代表Marketing Representative Manager 市场调研部经理Mechanical Engineer 机械工程师Mining Engineer 采矿工程师Music Teacher 音乐教师Naval Architect 造船工程师Office Assistant 办公室助理Office Clerk 职员Operational Manager 业务经理Package Designer 包装设计师Passenger Reservation Staff 乘客票位预订员Personnel Clerk 人事部职员Personnel Manager 人事部经理Plant/Factory Manager 厂长Postal Clerk 邮政人员Private Secretary 私人秘书Product Manager 生产部经理Production Engineer 产品工程师Professional Staff 专业人员Programmer 电脑程序设计师Project Staff (项目)策划人员Promotional Manager 推销部经理Proof-reader 校对员Purchasing Agent 采购(进货)员Quality Control Engineer 质量管理工程师Real Estate Staff 房地产职员Recruitment Coordinator 招聘协调人Regional Manger 地区经理Research & Development Engineer 研究开发工程师Restaurant Manager 饭店经理Office Assistant 办公室助理Office Clerk 职员Operational Manager 业务经理Package Designer 包装设计师Passenger Reservation Staff 乘客票位预订员Personnel Clerk 人事部职员Personnel Manager 人事部经理Plant/Factory Manager 厂长Postal Clerk 邮政人员Private Secretary 私人秘书Product Manager 生产部经理Production Engineer 产品工程师Professional Staff 专业人员Programmer 电脑程序设计师Project Staff (项目)策划人员Promotional Manager 推销部经理Proof-reader 校对员Purchasing Agent 采购(进货)员Quality Control Engineer 质量管理工程师Real Estate Staff 房地产职员Recruitment Coordinator 招聘协调人Regional Manger 地区经理Research & Development Engineer 研究开发工程师Restaurant Manager 饭店经理Sales and Planning Staff 销售计划员Sales Assistant 销售助理Sales Clerk 店员、售货员Sales Coordinator 销售协调人Sales Engineer 销售工程师Sales Executive 销售主管Sales Manager 销售部经理Salesperson 销售员Seller Representative 销售代表Sales Supervisor 销售监管School Registrar 学校注册主任Secretarial Assistant 秘书助理Secretary 秘书Securities Custody Clerk 保安人员Security Officer 安全人员Senior Accountant 高级会计Senior Consultant/Adviser 高级顾问Senior Employee 高级雇员Senior Secretary 高级秘书Service Manager 服务部经理Simultaneous Interpreter 同声传译员Software Engineer (计算机)软件工程师Supervisor 监管员Systems Adviser 系统顾问Systems Engineer 系统工程师Systems Operator 系统操作员Technical Editor 技术编辑Technical Translator 技术翻译Technical Worker 技术工人Telecommunication Executive 电讯(电信)员Telephonist/Operator 电话接线员、话务员Tourist Guide 导游Trade Finance Executive 贸易财务主管Trainee Manager 培训部经理Translation Checker 翻译核对员Translator 翻译员Trust Banking Executive 银行高级职员Typist 打字员Word Processing Operator 文字处理操作员文案编辑词条B 添加义项?文案,原指放书的桌子,后来指在桌子上写字的人。

房产证翻译常用词汇

房产证翻译常用词汇

房产证常用词汇Property ownership certificate权属人property owner身份证号码identity card no.国籍nationality房屋所有权来源source of housing ownership **年×月购买purchased in**,****房屋用途usage of the house占有房屋份额share of the house ×栋×××号全套,××平米full owner of suite***,building no.** area:***square meters房屋所有权性质property of housing ownership土地使用权来源source of land-use right 出让assignment土地使用权性质property of land-use right 国有state-owned房地坐落site of the house房屋情况state of the house建筑结构architecture 钢精混凝土结构armoured concrete层数floors竣工日期date of completion建基面积area of the building base建筑面积building area其中住宅建筑面积domestic building area其中套内建筑面积room building area—transmission construction area四墙归属ownership of four walls 东。

西。

南。

北:自墙east,south,west,north:土地情况state of land地号land no.图号chart no.用途:住宅usage:house土地等级land grade使用权类型type of tenure中止日期expiration date使用权面积area of tenure自用面积area of own use共用面积area of public use使用权证号license number of tenure填证机关department of filling certificate房地产共有情况state of mutual ownership(use) of resl estate共有(用)人person of mutual owmership(use)占有房屋份额share of the house共有(有)权证号certificate number of mutual ownership(use)纳税情况state of taxation 契价agreed price税率tax rate种类type纳税taxRegistry departmen seal of XX land resources and house administration Bureau Registry date:1)Mortgaged to China XXXXBank,房地产英语词汇大全property 物业,资产interest 产权subsidiary 附属机构,子公司valuation 评估open market value 公开市场价值leaseback 售后回租(即租回已出售的财产)on a residual basis 剩余法capital value 资本价值cost of development 开发费(指拆迁费,七通一平费等)professional fee 专业人员费(指勘察设计费等)finance costs 融资成本(指利息等)sale proceeds 销售收益on the basis of capitalisation 资本还原法floor area 建筑面积title document 契约文书plaza 购物中心land use certificate 土地使用证commercial/residential complex 商住综合楼land use fee 土地使用费(获得土地使用权后,每年支付国家的使用土地费用)Grant Contract of Land Use Right 土地使用权出让合同plot ratio 容积率site coverage 建筑密度land use term 土地使用期project approval 项目许可planning approval 规划许可commission 佣金permit 许可证business license 营业执照strata-title 分层所有权public utilities 公共设施urban planning 城市规划state-owned land 国有土地fiscal allotment 财政拨款grant or transfer 出让或转让the Municipal Land Administration Bureau 市土地管理局infrastructure 基础设施financial budget 财政预算public bidding 公开招标auction 拍卖negotiation /agreement协议land efficiency 土地效益location classification 地段等级projecting parameter 规划参数government assignment 政府划拨administrative institution 行政事业单位key zones for development 重点开发区tract 大片土地biding document 标书prerequisitioned land 预征土地competent authorities 主管部门construction project 建设项目planning permit of construction engineering 建设工程规划许可证go through the formalities 办手续comprehensive sub-areas 综合分区reconstruction of old area 旧区改造purchasing power 购买力property trust 物业信托equity 权益cash flows 现金流量appreciation 增值disposition 处置hedge 保值措施income tax shelter 收入税的庇护downturn (经济)衰退wealth maximisation 最大限度的增加财产(同其他投资相比) forecast 预测rules-of-thumb techniques 经验法mortgage lender 抵押放贷者vacancy 空房discounted cash flow models 折现值现金流量模型expectation 期望值letting 出租equity reversion 权益回收bad debts 坏帐depreciation allowances 折旧费supplies 日常用品utilities 公共事业设备allowances for repairs and maintenance 维修费unpaid mortgage balance 抵押贷款欠额stamp duty印花税recession 衰退<br>overproduction 生产过剩glut 供过于求high-technology 高科技investment strategy投资策略circulation 发行量entrepreneur 倡导者,企业家coliseum 大体育场,大剧院chambers (商业资本家联合组织的)会所arena 室内运动场socioeconomic status 社会经济地位amenities 便利设施condominium 个人占有公寓房,一套公寓房的个人所有权income bracket 收入档次tenement 分租合住的经济公寓area code (电话)地区代码community 社区assessment 估价downzone 降低区划规模housing residences住宅GENERAL ROOM NAME 常用房间名称办公室office服务用房service room换班室shift room休息室rest room (break room)起居室living room浴室bathroom淋浴间shower更衣室locker room厕所lavatory门厅lobby诊室clinic工作间workshop电气开关室switchroom走廊corridor档案室archive电梯机房lift motor room车库garage清洁间cleaning room会议室(正式) conference room 会议室meeting room衣柜间ward robe暖风间H.V.A.C room饭店restaurant餐厅canteen, dining room厨房kitchen入口entrance接待处reception area会计室accountant room秘书室secretary room电气室electrical room控制室control room工长室foreman office开关柜室switch gear前室antecabinet (Ante.)生产区production area马达控制中心Mcc多功能用房utility room化验室laboratory room经理室manager room披屋(阁楼) penthouse警卫室guard house建筑制图用语:Front Elevation前立面Left Elevation左立面Right Elevation右立面Rear Elevation后立面Foundation Plan地下室平面(如果只有一层)First Floor Plan一层平面(如果没有地下室也可叫做首层平面)Second Floor Plan二层平面Stair Section楼梯剖面Roof Plan屋顶平面说明:Plan和Section都可理解为某层平面中的面的含义,但是严格来说Section是剖切了的平面图而Plan是没有剖切到的。

翻译词汇房地产常用词汇

翻译词汇房地产常用词汇

房地产词汇(一)property?物业,资产interest?产权subsidiary?附属机构,子公司valuation?评估open?market?value?公开市场价值leaseback?售后回租(即租回已出售的财产)on?a?residual?basis?剩余法capital?value?资本价值cost?of?development?开发费(指拆迁费,七通一平费等)professional?fee?专业人员费(指勘察设计费等)finance?costs?融资成本(指利息等)sale?proceeds?销售收益on?the?basis?of?capitalisation?资本还原法floor?area?建筑面积title?document?契约文书plaza?购物中心land?use?certificate?土地使用证commercial/residential?complex?商住综合楼land?use?fee?土地使用费(获得土地使用权后,每年支付国家的使用土地费用)Grant?Contract?of?Land?Use?Right?土地使用权出让合同plot?ratio?容积率site?coverage?建筑密度land?use?term?土地使用期project?approval?项目许可planning?approval?规划许可commission?佣金permit?许可证business?license?营业执照strata-title?分层所有权public?utilities?公共设施urban?planning?城市规划state-owned?land?国有土地fiscal?allotment?财政拨款grant?or?transfer?出让或转让the?Municipal?Land?Administration?Bureau?市土地管理局infrastructure?基础设施financial?budget?财政预算public?bidding?公开招标auction?拍卖negotiation?/agreement协议land?efficiency?土地效益location?classification?地段等级projecting?parameter?规划参数government?assignment?政府划拨administrative?institution?行政事业单位key?zones?for?development?重点开发区tract?大片土地biding?document?标书prerequisitioned?land?预征土地competent?authorities?主管部门construction?project?建设项目planning?permit?of?construction?engineering?建设工程规划许可证go?through?the?formalities?办手续comprehensive?sub-areas?综合分区reconstruction?of?old?area?旧区改造purchasing?power?购买力property?trust?物业信托equity?权益cash?flows?现金流量appreciation?增值disposition?处置hedge?保值措施income?tax?shelter?收入税的庇护downturn?(经济)衰退wealth?maximisation?最大限度的增加财产(同其他投资相比) forecast?预测rules-of-thumb?techniques?经验法mortgage?lender?抵押放贷者vacancy?空房discounted?cash?flow?models?折现值现金流量模型expectation?期望值letting?出租equity?reversion?权益回收bad?debts?坏帐depreciation?allowances?折旧费supplies?日常用品utilities?公共事业设备allowances?for?repairs?and?maintenance?维修费unpaid?mortgage?balance?抵押贷款欠额stamp?duty印花税recession?衰退overproduction?生产过剩glut?供过于求high-technology?高科技investment?strategy投资策略circulation?发行量entrepreneur?倡导者,企业家coliseum?大体育场,大剧院chambers?(商业资本家联合组织的)会所arena?室内运动场socioeconomic?status?社会经济地位amenities?便利设施condominium?个人占有公寓房,一套公寓房的个人所有权income?bracket?收入档次tenement?分租合住的经济公寓area?code?(电话)地区代码community?社区assessment?估价downzone?降低区划规模housing?residences住宅房地产词汇(二)协议/合约?Agreement遗产继承批准书?Approval?Letter?of?Succession司理委任批准书?Approval?of?Appointment?of?Manager允许书?Assent转让契约?Assignment集体官契?Block?Crown?Lease建筑牌照:建屋牌照?Building?Licence建筑按揭/建筑抵押?Building?MortgageBuilding?Legal?Charge停车场发展蓝图?Car?Park?Layout?Plan完工证:完成规定事项证明书?Certificate?of?Compliance豁免遗产税证明书?Certificate?of?Exemption?of?Estate?Duty更易名称证明书?Certificate?of?Incorporation?on?Change?of?Name 批地条件:新批约?Conditions?of?GrantNew?Grant同意书?Consent?Letter死亡证?Death?Certificate债券?Debenture信托契?Declaration?of?Trust契据;契约?Deed交换契?Deed?of?Exchange家庭协议书(遗产处理一般根据法例规定)?Deed?of?Family?Arrangement 送让契?Deed?of?Gift公契?Deed?of?Mutual?Covenant分产契?Deed?of?Partition分割契据?Deed?of?Poll修正契?Deed?of?Rectification解除责任/扣押契约?Deed?of?Release放弃租位权契据(租约):土地归还契约(土地)?Deed?of?Surrender 解除按揭?Discharge?of?Mortgage楼花按揭?Equitable?Mortgage加按契?Further?Charge法定押记?Legal?Charge甲/乙种换地权益书?Letter?AB函件:证明书?Letters遗产管理委任书?Letters?of?Administration贷款协议?Loan?Agreement总纲发展蓝图?Master?Layout?Plan修订书?Modification?Letter按揭?Mortgage“”「不反对修订」公函?No?Objection?Letter收地通告?Notice?of?Resumption入伙纸?Occupation?Permit授权书?Power?of?Attorney遗嘱认证?Probate&amp;临时买卖合约?Provisional?Sale?&amp;?Purchase?Agreement 赎契?Receipt?on?Discharge解除协议?Recission?of?Agreement&amp;买卖合约?Sale?&amp;?Purchase?Agreement押记令盖印副本?Sealed?Copy?of?Charging?Order物业冻结令?Sealed?Copy?Order?Imposing?Charge?on?Land#NAME?Sub-Sale?Agreement增补协议?Supplementary?Agreement租约?Tenancy?Agreement暂准书?Toleration?Letter买卖协议?Agreement?for?Sale?and?Purchase一切款项?All?monies遗产继承批准书?Approval?Letter?of?Succession司理委任批准书?Approval?of?Appointment?of?Manager允许书?Assent转让契?Assignment集体官契?Block?Government?Lease建筑许可证?Building?Licence建筑按揭/建筑抵押?Building?MortgageBuilding?Legal?Charge停车场发展蓝图?Car?Park?Layout?Plan合格证明书?Certificate?of?Compliance豁免遗产税证明书?Certificate?of?Exemption?of?Estate?Duty更易名称证明书?Certificate?of?Incorporation?on?Change?of?Name 清偿证明书?Certificate?of?Satisfaction绝对押记令?Charging?Order?Absolute换地条件?Conditions?of?Exchange批地条件?Conditions?of?Grant重批条件?Conditions?of?Re-grant同意书?Consent?Letter死亡证明书?Death?Certificate债权证?Debenture已故?Deceased信托声明书?Declaration?of?Trust契据/契约?Deed交换契据?Deed?of?Exchange送让契?Deed?of?Gift公契?Deed?of?Mutual?Covenant分产契?Deed?of?Partition修正契?Deed?of?Rectification解除责任契约/解除扣押契约?Deed?of?Release平边契据?Deed?Poll信托契据?Deed?of?Trust按揭解除?Discharge?of?Mortgage衡平法上的按揭(俗称楼花按揭)?Equitable?Mortgage再进行押记?Further?Charge政府租契?Government?Lease地税?Government?Rent内地段?Inland?Lot不可撤销/不得撤回?Irrevocable联权共有人?Joint?Tenants出租/租契/租约/租赁?Lease法定押记/法律押记?Legal?Charge甲/乙种换地权益书?Letter?AB不反对入住书?Letter?of?No?Objection?to?Occupy函件/证明书/信件?Letters遗产管理证明书?Letters?of?Administration特许/许可?Licence待决案件?Lis?Pendens贷款协议?Loan?Agreement地段?Lot总纲发展蓝图?Master?Layout?Plan章程大纲/备忘录?Memorandum修订书?Modification?Letter按揭?Mortgage新批租约?New?Grant"不反对修订公函?No?Objection?Letter提名/提名书?Nominations收回土地通知书?Notice?of?Resumption占用许可证(俗称入伙纸)?Occupation?Permit下令/命令/法庭命令?Order授权书?Power?of?Attorney地价?Premium遗嘱认证/遗嘱认证书?Probate临时买卖协议?Provisional?Agreement?for?Sale?and?Purchase 差饷?Rates再转让?Reassignment责任解除书/发还书?Release罢免受托人?Removal?of?Trustee解除协议?Rescission?of?Agreement押记令盖印副本?Sealed?Copy?Charging?Order第二次法定押记?Second?Legal?Charge法定声明?Statutory?Declaration--转售、转购协议?Sub-Sale?and?Sub-purchase?Agreement增补协议?Supplementary?Agreement交回/放弃/退回?Surrender租赁协议?Tenancy?Agreement分权共有人?Tenants?in?Common暂准书?Toleration?Letter不分割份数?Undivided?Shares归属契据?Vesting?Deed免除书?Waiver?letter。

公司名称翻译成英文的规则

公司名称翻译成英文的规则

公司名称翻译成英文的规则一般,国内大多数公司的翻译如下:中文名称:洛阳东周陶瓷英文名称:Luoyang Dongzhou Ceramics Co., Ltd. Luoyang Dongzhou Ceramics Ltd. Luoyang Dongzhou Ceramics Limited 以上这三种译法属英系译法,另外还有一个译法,也就是美系译法,即美国的英文写法,上面的中文公司名称就写成Luoyang Dongzhou Ceramics Inc. 大家如果上过yahoo或ebay的网站,就会发现网站的下面公司名称为:Yahoo! Inc. 和eBay Inc. 沃尔玛的公司名称为Wal-mart Stores, Inc. 当然还有很多公司直接写Corporation或Company,如微软公司为Microsoft Corporation,可口可乐为The Coca-cola Company。

但用的最多觉得还是Ltd./Limited/Inc。

如何翻译公司名称?不同性质公司名称的英语表达: 1. Line(s) (轮船、航空、航运等)公司Atlantic Container Line 大西洋集装箱海运公司Hawaiian air Lines 夏威夷航空公司2. Agency 公司、代理行The Austin advertising Agency 奥斯汀广告公司China Ocean Shipping Agency 中国外轮代理公司3. Store(s) 百货公司Great Universal Store 大世界百货公司(英) Tesco Stores(Holdings) 坦斯科百货公司(英) 4. Associates(联合)公司British Nuclear Associates 英国核子联合公司Subsea equipment Associates Ltd. 海底设备联合(英、法、美合办) 5. System(广播、航空等)公司Mutual Broadcasting System 相互广播公司(美) Malaysian Airline System 马来西亚航空公司 6. Office公司,多与 head, home, branch等词连用3M China Limited Guangzhou Branch Office 3M 中国广州分公司China Books Import and Export Corporation (Head Office) 中国图书进出口总公司7. Service(s)(服务)公司Africa-New Zealand Service 非洲—新西兰服务公司Tropic Air Services 特罗皮克航空公司8. Exchange American Manufacturers Foreign Credit Insurance Exchange 美国制造商出口信用保险公司9. Center Binks (Shanghai) Engineering Exhibition Center, Ltd. 宾克斯(上海)涂装工程设备展示如何翻译公司名称?“联合公司”的翻译方法 1. Consolidated Coal Company 联合煤炭公司(美) 2. United Aircraft Corporation 联合飞机公司(美) 3. Integrated Oil Company 联合石油公司 4. Federated Department Stores 联合百货公司5. Union Carbide Corporation 联合碳化合物公司(美)6. Associated British Picture Corporation 英国联合影业公司7. China Agricultural Machinery Import and Export Joint Company中国农业机械进出口联合公司如何翻译公司名称?“保险公司”的翻译方法 1. Export Credit Insurance Corporation 出口信贷保险公司(加) 2. Export Finance and Insurance Corporation 出口金融和保险公司(澳) 3. Federal Insurance Corporation 联邦保险公司(美) 4. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 联邦存款保险公司(美) 5. Export Payments Insurance Corporation 出口支付保险公司(澳) 6. Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation 联邦储蓄贷款保险公司(美) 7. Development Underwriting Ltd. 开发保险公司(澳)8. American International Assurance Co. Ltd. 美国友邦保险公司9. American International Underwriters Corporation 美国国际保险公司如何翻译公司名称?企业名称的翻译方法中国东方科学仪器进出口公司(China Oriental Scientific Instruments Imp.& Exp. Corporation) 其他各行业英文名称翻译:外贸、贸易、投资、信托、保险、租赁、证券、工艺品进出口公司Native Produce & Animal By-products Import and Export Corporation 土产畜产进出口公司Chemicals Import and Export Corporation 化工进出口公司Metals & Minerals Import and Export Corporation 五金矿产进出口公司Electronics Import and Export Corporation 电子技术进出口公司Electric Wire & Cable Export Corporation 电线电缆出口联营公司Publishing Industry Trading Corporation 出版对外贸易公司Packaging Import and Export Corporation 包装进出口公司Instruments Import and Export Corporation 仪器进出口公司Historical Relics Exhibition Corporation for Foreign Countries 对外文物展览公司Performing Arts Agency 对外演出公司Overseas Building Materials and Equipment Corporation 对外建筑材料设备公司Foreign Trade Storage Corporation 对外贸易仓储公司foreign Trade Transportation Corporation 对外贸易运输公司Foreign Trade Consultation & Technical Service Corporation 对外贸易咨询与技术服务公司Export Commodities Fair 出口商品交易会Machinery & Equipment Import and Export Corporation 机械设备进出口公司Complete Plant import and Export Corporation 成套设备进出口公司Communications Import and Export Service Corporation交通进出口服务公司Machine-building International Corporation 机械对外经济技术合作公司Machinery Import and Export Corporation 机械进出口公司Corporation for International Cooperation in Agriculture, Livestock and Fishery 农牧渔业国际合作公司Import and Export Service Company for Farms and Land Reclamation 农垦进出口服务公司Import and Export Commodities Inspection Corporation 进出口商品检验公司Technical Import and Export Corporation 技术进出口公司Textiles Import and Export Corporation 纺织品进出口公司Import Corporation of Textile Machinery 纺织机械进出口公司Import Corporation of Technology of Textile Machinery 纺织机械技术进出口公司Metallurgical Import and Export Corporation 冶金进出口公司Forestry Import and Export Company 林业进出口公司Forestry Machinery Import and Export Company 林业机械进出口公司International Packaging Leasing Corporation Ltd. 国际包装租赁International Non-ferrous Metals Leasing Corporation Ltd. 国际有色金属租赁International Book Trading Corporation 国际图书贸易International Economic ConsultantsIncorporation 国际经济咨询公司International Marine Containers Ltd. 国际海运集装股份Light Industrial Products Import and Export Corporation 轻工业品进出口公司Publication Import and Export Corporation 图书进出口公司Tea and Native Produce Import and Export Corporation 茶叶土产进出口公司Animal Breeding Stock Import and Export Corporation 种畜进出口公司Bearing Joint Export Corporation 轴承出口联营公司Aero-technology Import and Export Corporation 航空技术进出口公司Tobacco Import and Export Corporation 烟草进出口公司Leasing Company Ltd. 租赁Railway Foreign Service Corporation 铁路对外服务公司Cereals, Oil and Foodstuffs Import and Export Corporation 粮油食品进出口公司Coal Import and Export Corporation 煤炭进出口公司Microforms Import and Export Corporation 缩型出版物进出口公司Precision Machinery Import and Export corporation 精密机械进出口公司Abrasives Export Corporation 磨料磨具进出口公司Scientific Instrument import and Export Corporation 科学仪器进出口公司foreign Trade Corporation 对外贸易公司Aquatic Products Importand Export Corporation 水产进出口公司Ceramics Import and Export Corporation 陶瓷进出口公司International Cooperation Corporation of Economics and Technology 国际经济技术进出口公司Trading Company 贸易公司prehensive Trading Company 综合贸易公司Trade Development Company 贸易发展公司Overseas Economic Trading Company 海外经济贸易公司Investment Company 投资公司Trust Company 信托公司International Trust and Investment Company 国际信托投资公司Loan Investment Company 信贷投资公司Overseas Chinese Investment Company 华侨投资公司People's Insurance Agency 人民保险公司Labour Insurance Agency 劳动保险公司Life Insurance Agency 人寿保险公司Pacific Insurance Agency 太平洋保险公司Securities Agency 证券公司Stock Exchange 股票交易所Futures Exchange 期货交易所Commodities Futures Exchange 商品期货交易所Futures Brokerage Company Ltd. 期货经纪Cereals and Oil Futures Exchange 粮油期货交易所邮电、水电、交通、运输、计算机、电器、器材Posts and Telemunications Apparatus Company 邮电器材公司Posts andTelemunications Engineering Company 邮电工程公司Running-water Company 自来水公司Water and Electricity Construction Company 水电建设公司Power Industry Company 电力工业公司Electrical Installing Company 电力安装公司Air Line 航空公司Shipping Company 船舶公司Ocean Transportation Company 远洋运输公司Salvage Company 打捞公司Ocean Shipping Agency 外轮代理公司Ocean Shipping Tally Company 外轮理货公司Ship-building Company 造船公司Automobile Transportation Company 汽车运输公司Container Transportation Company 集装箱运输公司Storage and Transportation Company 储运公司Automobile Service Company 汽车修理公司Ocean Shipping Supply Company 外轮供应公司Fishing-boat Industry Company 渔船工业公司Automobile Parts Company 汽车配件公司Automation Engineering Company 自动化工程公司Microputer Company 微电脑公司Computer Company 计算机公司Computer Software Development Company 计算机软件开发公司Hardware Company 五金公司Household Electric Appliance Company 家用电器公司Refrigerator Industry Company电冰箱工业公司Radio Apparatus Company 无线电器材公司Performing Instrument Company 演出器材公司Printing Apparatus Company 印刷器材公司Teaching Instrument Company 教学仪器公司冶金、矿产、煤炭、燃料、化工、盐业、轻工Metallurgical Industry Company 冶金工业公司Non-ferrous Metals Industry Company 有色金属工业公司Minerals Industry Company 矿产工业公司Coal Mining Industry Company 煤矿工业公司Coal Industry Company 煤炭工业公司Gas Company 煤气公司Fuel Company 燃料公司Industrial Fuel Company 工业燃料公司Petroleum Company 石油公司Petroleum Processing Company 石油炼制公司Oil & Gas Exploration and Development Company 石油天然气勘探开发公司Petroleum Engineering Construction Company 石油工程建设公司Chemical Industry Company 化工工业公司Raw Materials Company of Chemical Industry 化工原料公司Construction Company of Chemical Industry 化工建设公司Salt Company 盐业公司Light Industry Company 轻工业公司Supply and Sales Company of Light Industry 轻工供销公司Plastics Industry Company 塑料工业公司Leather Industry Company 皮革工业公司Bicycle Industry Company 自行车工业公司Clothing Industry Company 服装工业公司Sewing Machine Industry Company 缝纫机工业公司文艺、影视、展览、广告、美术、装潢Literature and Art Development Company 文艺发展公司Cultural Expansion Company 文化开拓公司Cultural Service Firm 文化服务公司Performing Company 演出公司Film Company 电影公司Film Service Firm 电影服务公司Broadcasting and Television Industry Company 广播电视工业公司Acoustics Engineering Company 音响工程公司Record Company 唱片公司Photography Industry Company 照相工业公司Exhibition Agency 展览公司Advertising Agency 广告公司Arts and Crafts Industry Company 工艺美术工业公司Art Decoration Firm 美术装潢公司Packaging Decoration Firm 包装装潢公司建筑、建材、房产、安装、装修、商业、日用品Building Engineering Company 建筑工程公司Building Foundation Company 建筑基础公司Civil Engineering Company 土木工程公司Garden Construction Engineering Company 园林建筑工程公司Building Material Company 建筑材料公司Building Material Supply Company 建筑材料供应公司Building Material Trading Company 建材贸易公司Building Material Service Company 建筑材料服务公司New Building Material Company 新型建筑材料公司Real Estate Development Company 房地产开发公司Real Estate Agency 房产代理公司Industrial Equipment Installing Company 工业设备安装公司Electrical Installing Company 机电安装公司Building Decoration Company 建筑装修(装饰)公司Building Decoration Engineering Company 建筑装修(装饰)工程公司Commercial Company 商业公司Collective Commercial Company 集体商业公司Overseas Chinese Commodities Supply Company 华侨商品供应公司Daily-use Sundry Goods Company 日用杂品公司Foodstuffs Company 食品公司Materials Company 物资公司Beverage Industry Company 饮料工业公司Frozen Foodstuffs Company 冷冻食品公司另外,英文地址的排列顺序是由小到大,如:X号,X路,X区,X市,X省,X国。

房地产英语大全

房地产英语大全

房产宝典-房地产英语大全房地产业务英语培训资料第一部分:基础词汇积累,各项目自学为主。

销售中心结合培训不定期考核。

model of the building 大厦模型sales offfice售楼处location位置direction方向east东south南west西north北real estate房地产developer发展商agent代理人;代理商brochure楼书building建筑物,大楼standard floor plain view标准层平面图effect drafts效果图total construction area总建面total area占地tower buiding塔楼apartment building板楼capacity rate容积率forestation rate绿化率first stage一期second stage二期south zone南区business zone商务(业)区transportation交通convenient方便,便利citi railway城铁underground/subway地铁flat/apartment/property/unit单位;一套公寓房间;房子villa别墅pub/hotel酒店residents club/clubhouse/assembly hall会所swimming pool游泳池gymnasium健身室car park space停车位underground parking lot地下停车场entrance入口entrance of a car park停车场入口kidergarden/kidergarten幼儿园office building写字楼primary school小学secondary/middle/high school中学shopping mall购物中心super market超市cinema电影院café咖啡馆clinic诊所hospital医院show flat示范单位;样板间wide宽long长length长度high高height高度square area面积gross area建筑面积net area实用面积efficiency rate 实用率face south朝南view景观external wall外墙roof屋顶waterproof work防水thermal insulation保温隔热construction material建筑材料tile瓷砖,贴砖granite花岗岩大理石花岗岩 marble大理石cement水泥乳胶漆水泥 emulsion paint乳胶漆tempered glass钢化玻璃钢化玻璃 hollow glass中空玻璃中空玻璃concrete混凝土砖混结构 混凝土 brick and concrete structure砖混结构砖混结构shear wall structure剪力墙结构钢筋混凝土框架 剪力墙结构 reinforced concrete frame钢筋混凝土框架double glazed aluminium window双层铝合金玻璃窗双层铝合金玻璃窗plastic-steel window塑钢窗塑钢窗 independent gas-fired stove独立燃气炉独立燃气炉 storey height层高室内设计层高 interior design室内设计decorate装修(动词)装修(名词)装修(动词) decoration装修(名词)internal decoration室内装修室内装修 initial decoration初装修初装修stair楼梯楼梯间楼梯 staircase楼梯间elevator/;lift电梯天燃气电梯 natural gas天燃气central air-conditioning/heating system冷暖两用中央空调冷暖两用中央空调CA TV有线电视卫星电视 有线电视 satellite TV卫星电视broad band宽带缓坡草坪 宽带 fluctuant grassland缓坡草坪sinking park下沉花园主题雕塑下沉花园 theme stature主题雕塑bedroom卧室主卧卧室 main bedroom主卧living room起居室;客厅起居室;客厅 study/reading room书房书房kitchen厨房餐厅厨房 dining room餐厅toilet/washroom卫生间步入式衣帽间卫生间 lock room步入式衣帽间laundry洗衣房储物间洗衣房 storage room储物间corridor走廊玄关走廊 gateway玄关loft阁楼车库阁楼 garage车库basement地下室半地下室 地下室 partially exposed basement半地下室grove园林园林 garden花园花园yard院子庭院;天井 院子 courtyard庭院;天井terrace露台;平台阳台露台;平台 balcony阳台corner window角窗飘窗角窗 floating window飘窗glass sunshine hut阳光房阳光房阳光房property under construction楼花;期房竣工日期楼花;期房 completion date竣工日期invest投资自用投资 self-use自用yield回报回报 rent租金租金price list价格表价格价格表 price价格original price原始价格折扣原始价格 discount折扣regular customer熟客熟客 make a concession 优惠优惠优惠manager经理经理 supervisor主管主管I.D.card/identification/indentity card身份证身份证passport护照中文名字护照 chinese name中文名字contract合同合同 signature签名,署名签名,署名translate翻译翻译 tax税credit card信用卡现金信用卡 cash现金stamp tax印花税印花税 coefficient利率利率business card / name card名片管理费名片 management fee管理费deposit订金收据订金 receipt收据expire到期退换到期 exchange退换payment method付款方法付款方法 bank mortgage银行按揭银行按揭provide提供八成按揭 提供 eighty percent mortgage loan八成按揭八成按揭purchase购买买主;认购者购买 purchaser买主;认购者landlord业主手机号码业主 mobile number手机号码oriental red大红玫瑰红大红 rose red玫瑰红wine red酒红砖红酒红 brick red砖红pink粉红粉红 baby pink淡粉红淡粉红dusty pink带灰淡粉红桔红色带灰淡粉红 orange桔红色burnt orange带褐色的橘色桃红色带褐色的橘色 peach桃红色lemon yellow柠檬黄鲜黄柠檬黄 canary yellow鲜黄brass黄铜色杏色黄铜色 apricot杏色cream colour淡黄翠绿淡黄 emerald green翠绿apple green苹果绿苹果绿 dark green深绿深绿olive green橄榄绿芥菜绿橄榄绿 mustard芥菜绿sky blue天蓝海军蓝 天蓝 dark blue/navy blue深蓝色/海军蓝aquamarine蓝绿色/海蓝色靛蓝色海蓝色 indigo靛蓝色violet紫罗兰色紫罗兰色 royal purple深蓝紫色深蓝紫色raspberry深红紫色暗紫色深红紫色 mulberry暗紫色jet black深黑灰白深黑 off white灰白ivory象牙白雪白象牙白 snow white雪白milk white乳白乳灰乳白 oyster grey乳灰charcoal grey暗灰暗灰 dark grey深灰深灰taupe带褐色的暗灰灰褐带褐色的暗灰 beige灰褐coffee colour咖啡色骆驼褐色咖啡色 camel-brown骆驼褐色khaki卡其色浅褐色卡其色 sandy beige浅褐色gold金色银色金色 silver银色property 物业,资产物业,资产interest 产权产权subsidiary 附属机构,子公司附属机构,子公司valuation 评估评估open market value 公开市场价值公开市场价值公开市场价值leaseback 售后回租(即租回已出售的财产)售后回租(即租回已出售的财产)on a residual basis 剩余法剩余法capital value 资本价值资本价值cost of development 开发费(指拆迁费,七通一平费等)开发费(指拆迁费,七通一平费等)开发费(指拆迁费,七通一平费等)professional fee 专业人员费(指勘察设计费等)专业人员费(指勘察设计费等)finance costs 融资成本(指利息等)融资成本(指利息等)sale proceeds 销售收益销售收益on the basis of capitalisation 资本还原法资本还原法floor area 建筑面积建筑面积title document 契约文书契约文书plaza 购物中心购物中心land use certificate 土地使用证土地使用证土地使用证commercial/residential complex 商住综合楼商住综合楼land use fee 土地使用费(获得土地使用权后,每年支付国家的使用土地费用)土地使用费(获得土地使用权后,每年支付国家的使用土地费用)土地使用费(获得土地使用权后,每年支付国家的使用土地费用) Grant Contract of Land Use Right 土地使用权出让合同土地使用权出让合同plot ratio 容积率容积率site coverage 建筑密度建筑密度land use term 土地使用期土地使用期土地使用期 project approval 项目许可项目许可planning approval 规划许可规划许可commission 佣金佣金permit 许可证许可证business license 营业执照营业执照strata-title 分层所有权分层所有权public utilities 公共设施公共设施urban planning 城市规划城市规划state-owned land 国有土地国有土地fiscal allotment 财政拨款财政拨款grant or transfer 出让或转让出让或转让出让或转让 the Municipal Land Administration Bureau 市土地管理局市土地管理局infrastructure 基础设施基础设施financial budget 财政预算财政预算public bidding 公开招标公开招标auction 拍卖拍卖negotiation /agreement 协议协议land efficiency 土地效益土地效益location classification 地段等级地段等级projecting parameter 规划参数规划参数government assignment 政府划拨政府划拨administrative institution 行政事业单位行政事业单位 key zones for development 重点开发区重点开发区tract 大片土地大片土地biding document 标书标书prerequisitioned land 预征土地预征土地competent authorities 主管部门主管部门construction project 建设项目建设项目planning permit of construction engineering 建设工程规划许可证建设工程规划许可证go through the formalities 办手续办手续comprehensive sub-areas 综合分区综合分区reconstruction of old area 旧区改造旧区改造purchasing power 购买力购买力property trust 物业信托物业信托equity 权益权益cash flows 现金流量现金流量appreciation 增值增值disposition 处置处置hedge 保值措施保值措施income tax shelter 收入税的庇护收入税的庇护收入税的庇护downturn (经济)衰退(经济)衰退wealth maximisation 最大限度的增加财产(同其他投资相比) forecast 预测预测rules-of-thumb techniques 经验法经验法mortgage lender 抵押放贷者抵押放贷者vacancy 空房空房discounted cash flow models 折现值现金流量模型折现值现金流量模型expectation 期望值期望值letting 出租出租equity reversion 权益回收权益回收bad debts 坏帐坏帐depreciation allowances 折旧费折旧费supplies 日常用品日常用品utilities 公共事业设备公共事业设备allowances for repairs and maintenance 维修费维修费unpaid mortgage balance 抵押贷款欠额抵押贷款欠额抵押贷款欠额stamp duty 印花税印花税recession 衰退衰退overproduction 生产过剩生产过剩glut 供过于求供过于求high-technology 高科技高科技investment strategy 投资策略投资策略circulation 发行量发行量entrepreneur 倡导者,企业家倡导者,企业家coliseum 大体育场,大剧院大体育场,大剧院chambers (商业资本家联合组织的)会所(商业资本家联合组织的)会所arena 室内运动场室内运动场socioeconomic status 社会经济地位社会经济地位amenities 便利设施便利设施condominium 个人占有公寓房,一套公寓房的个人所有权个人占有公寓房,一套公寓房的个人所有权income bracket 收入档次收入档次tenement 分租合住的经济公寓分租合住的经济公寓area code (电话)地区代码(电话)地区代码community 社区社区assessment 估价估价downzone 降低区划规模降低区划规模 housing residences 住宅住宅Residential Property for Purchase 购买住宅物业购买住宅物业 典型场景典型场景Scene: ABC Properties Company 场景: ABC 地产代理公司地产代理公司A: Agent- James Wilson 物业代理詹姆士.威尔逊威尔逊B: Client- Mrs. Chen 客户陈太太客户陈太太A: Good morning, Madam, and how do you do? 早晨好,太太,你好!早晨好,太太,你好!B: Fine. I would like to check out today’s newspaper advertising on Tong House 早晨好,我想查询你们在今天的报章中刊登有关唐厦的广告。

各种职业英文翻译

各种职业英文翻译

Occupation职业:用以成为某个正常的生活来源的一项活动;行业Profession专业,职业(尤指受过专门训练的,如法律、教学等)一般情况用Occupation职业行政词汇:首席执行官Chief Executive Officer部门经理Branch Manager市场行政总监Executive Marketing Director国际监管Controller(International)运营总监Director of Operations 进出口经理Import/Export Manager商店经理助理Assistant Store Manager操作经理Operations Manager房地产经理Property Manager首席运营官Chief Operations Officer生产经理Production Manager服务经理Service Manager零售店经理Retail Store Manager 产品经理Product Manager项目经理Project Manager总经理General Manager区域经理Regional Manager管理顾问Management Consultant仓库经理Warehouse Manager运输经理Transportation Manager库存管理经理Inventory Control Manager办公室经理Office Manager助理Staff Assistant办公室文员General Office Clerk 接待员Receptionist订单输入文员Order Entry Clerk 副总裁Vice-President行政主管Administrative Director 行政副总裁Vice-President ofAdministration行政助理Executive Assistant行政秘书Executive Secretary票务代理Ticket Agent保险协调员InsuranceCoordinator档案管理员File Clerk市场与销售:销售副总裁Vice-President ofSales市场副总裁Vice-President ofMarketing高级客户经理Senior AccountManager销售主管Sales Administrator地区销售经理Regional SalesManager地区客户经理Regional AccountManager房地产评估师Real EstateAppraiser采购经理MerchandisingManager市场顾问Marketing Consultant市场助理Marketing Assistant市场与销售总监Marketing andSales Director市场调查分析员MarketResearch Analyst厂家代表Manufacturer'sRepresentative分公司权利总监Director ofSubsidiary Rights复查代表CallbackRepresentative客户管理助理Assistant AccountExecutive广告经理Advertising Manager广告协调员AdvertisingCoordinator广告助理Advertising Assistant客户代表Account Representative广告文撰写人AdCopywriter(Direct Mail)批发采购员Wholesale Buyer旅行代办员Travel Agent电话销售总监TelemarketingDirector电话销售员Telemarketer电话调查员Tele-Interviewer销售员Salesperson销售代表Sales Representative销售经理Sales Manager销售执行者Sales Executive销售助理Sales Assistant零售采购员Retail Buyer房地产经理Real Estate Manager房地产经纪人Real Estate Broker采购代理Purchasing Agent产品开发Product Developer市场经理Marketing Manager市场实习Marketing Intern市场总监Marketing Director保险代理人Insurance Agent客户经理Account Manager计算机行业:应用软件程序员ApplicationsProgrammer电脑操作主管ComputerOperations Supervisor电脑技术员Computer Technician开发工程师DevelopmentalEngineer信息服务主管Director ofInformation Services信息分析Information Analyst局域网管理员LANAdministrator网络管理经理Manager ofNetwork Administration产品支持经理Product SupportManager承包商Subcontractor(Programming)电脑操作员Computer Operator硬件工程师Hardware Engineer电脑部经理MIS Manager操作分析Operations Analyst项目经理Project Manager统计员Statistician系统分析Systems Analyst系统工程师Systems Engineer系统程序员Systems Programmer技术工程师T Technical Engineer技术:技术讲解员Technical Illustrator 研究发展技术员Research and Development Technician质量管理检查员Quality Control Inspector质量检测技术员QA Test Technician精密度检查员Precision Inspector技术支持专员Technical Support Specialist工程技术员Engineering Technician电子设备维修员Electronic Equipment Repairer电信业顾问Telecommunications Consultant技术指导讲师Technical Instructor建筑师Landscape Architect测量员Surveyor草图设计员Drafter房屋验收Building Inspector建筑师Architect广播技术员Broadcast Technician 工程词汇:制造业工程师Manufacturing Engineer工程顾问Engineering Consultant 环境工程师Environmental Engineer设备工程师Facilities Engineer 工业工程师Industrial Engineer 电子工程师Electronics Engineer 电机工程师Electrical Engineer 机械工程师Mechanical Engineer 石油工程师Petroleum Engineer 陶器工程师Ceramic Engineer化学工程师Chemical Engineer 土木工程师Civil Engineer电力工程师Electrical Engineer 施工工程师Field Engineer航海工程师Marine Engineer产品工程师Product Engineer 品管工程师Quality ControlEngineer助理工程师Assistant Engineer技术员Technician会计与财务:注册会计师Certified PublicAccountant首席财务官Chief FinancialOfficer收款负责人Collections Officer保险承销商InsuranceUnderwriter保险经济人Insurance Broker银行事务管理员BankAdministrator贷款管理员Loan Administrator管理会计ManagementAccountant抵抻保险员MortgageUnderwriter工资经理Payroll Manager审计员Staff Auditor股票经纪人Stock Broker税务会计Tax Accountant税务检查员Tax Inspector财务行政副总裁Vice-Presidentof Administration and Finance财务副总裁Vice-President ofFinance贷款服务Loan Services财务计划员Financial Planner会计助理Accounting Assistant会计经理Accounting Manager会计文员Accounting Clerk高级会计Senior Accountant审计经理Audit Manager保险分析员Actuarial Analyst审计师Auditor初级会计Junior Accountant资金调拨Bank Treasurer票据文员Billing Clerk票据管理员Billing Supervisor档案管理Bookkeeper档案管理助理BookkeepingClerk预算分析Budget Analyst信用分析Credit Analyst信用管理经理Credit Manager财务分析Financial Analyst财务顾问Financial Consultant财务经理Financial Manager银行出纳Bank Clerk出纳员Cashier法律词汇:警员Police Officer警官Police Sergeant首席检察官助理AssistantAttorney General合同管理员Contracts Manager反贪调查员Ombudsman保安经理Security Manager法律助理Legal Assistant法律秘书Legal Secretary律师Attorney消防员Fire Fighter法律职员Law Clerk司法学生Law Student律师专职助手Paralegal法庭记者Court Reporter法律顾问Counselor传媒词汇:编辑助理Assistant Editor广播制作人Broadcast Producer编辑主任Editorial Director信息专员Information SupportSpecialist执行编辑Managing Editor制作编辑Production Editor公共关系Public Relations公共关系助理Public RelationsAssistant电台播音员Radio Announcer广播节目总监Radio ProgramDirector研讨会协调员SymposiumCoordinator电视导演Television Director电视制片人Television Producer电视制片工程师TelevisionProduction Engineer节目部主任Program Director节目协调人Program Coordinator助理编辑Associate Editor作家Author专栏作家Columnist文件编辑Copy Editor通讯记者Correspondent编辑Editor活动策划Events Planner新闻记者Journalist校对Proofreader广告员Publicist记者Reporter翻译员Translator排字工人Typesetter作者Writer艺术类词汇:服装设计师Fashion Designer 电影摄制助理Film Production Assistant画面设计师Graphic Designer 装饰设计师Interior Designer制片协调员Production Coordinator男演员/女演员Actor/Actress艺术总监Art Director舞蹈教练Choreographer喜剧演员Comedian舞蹈家Dancer摄影师Photographer视觉艺术家Visual Artist服务行业词汇:办案员Case Worker城市规划者Urban Planner临床医学家Therapist社会工作者Social Worker心理学家Psychologist客户服务经理Customer Service Manager客户服务代表Customer Service Representative健康俱乐部经理Health Club Manager宾馆门房Hotel Concierge食品检查员Food Inspector餐厅经理Restaurant Manager 空中服务员Flight Attendant厨师Chef 美容师Cosmetologist饭店经理Hotel Manager饭店职员Hotel Clerk发型师Hairstylist空中小姐Stewardess教育词汇:校长Principal外语教师Foreign LanguageTeacher第二外语教师ESL Teacher图书管理员Librarian大学教授College Professor助理教师Teacher Aide高级教师Head Teacher心理咨询教师SchoolPsychologist体育教师Physical EducationTeacher计算机教师Computer Teacher艺术教师Art Instructor案卷保管员Archivist家教/辅导教师Tutor教练员Coach讲师Instructor (Lecturer)助教Assistant医学词汇:医疗主任Clinical Director食疗技师Dietary Technician急诊技师Emergency MedicalTechnician健美师Fitness Instructor病历员Medical Records Clerk看护员Nursing Administrator职业疗法Occupational Therapist药学师Pharmacist药品技师Pharmacy Technician理疗师Physical Therapist助理医师Physician's Assistant有氧治疗师RespiratoryTherapist语言心理学家SpeechPathologist脊椎指压治疗者Chiropractor牙科助理Dental Assistant牙科医生Dentist牙科保健Dental Hygienist牙科技师Dental Technician整牙医生Orthodontist家庭护理Home Health Aide实验技师Lab Technician护士Nurse看护助手Nursing Aide护士长Nursing Supervisor眼科医生Optician助理兽医Veterinary Assistant兽医Veterinarian精神病医师Psychiatrist外科医生Surgeon内科医生Physician儿科医生Pediatrician住院医师Resident Doctor中医师Herb Doctor助产士AccoucheurSkilled Worker 熟练技工Sub-Manager 副经理Supervisor 主管Surveyor 测量员Telex Operator 电传机操作员Translator 翻译员Typist 打字员Auditor 审计师Accountant 会计员,会计师Administration Assistant 行政助理Administrator 行政主管Assistant Manager 副经理Assistant Production Manager 副厂长Manager 经理Marketing Executive 市场部主任Marketing Manager 市场部经理Marketing Officer 市场部办公室主任Mechanical Engineer 机械工程师Merchandiser 买手(商人)Messenger 信差(邮递员)Office Assistant 写字楼助理(办事员)Plant Manager 厂长Production Manager 厂长Electrical Engineer 电气工程师Executive Director 行政董事Executive Secretary 行政秘书Financial Controller 财务总监Foreman 领班,组长General manager 总经理Junior clerk 低级文员(低级职员)Business Manager 业务经理Cashier 出纳员Chief Accountant 总会计主任Chief Engineer 总工程师Civil Engineer 土木工程师Clerk 文员(文书)Director 董事WORKER 工人LABOURER 劳动者PHYSICAL LABOURER体力劳动者MENTAL WORKER 脑力劳动者SKILLED WORKER 熟练工人UNSKILLED WORKER 非熟练工人STEEL WORKER 钢铁工人TEXTILE WORKER 纺织工人MINER 矿工MECHANIC 机工,技工DRIVER 汽车司机ENGINE DRIVER 火车司机ELECTRICIAN 电工,电气技师SAILOR 水手GARDENER 园丁,花匠,菜农FORGER 锻工TURNER 车工,镟工FITTER 装配钳工CASTER 铸工FOUNDRY WORKER 铸造工人,翻砂工人PAINTER 油漆工PLUMBER 管子工BRICKLAYER 砌砖工CARPENTER 木匠,木工(尢指粗木工)JOINER 细木工SANITATION WORKER 环卫工人,清洁工SWITCHMAN 扳道工CHEF 主厨COOK 厨师SALESMAN 男售货员,男推销员SALESWOMAN 女售货员,女推销员COPPERSMITH 铜匠,铜器制造人BLACKSMITH 铁匠,锻工MILLER 铣工PLANER 刨工WELDER 焊工PRINTER 印刷工人SHIP-BUILDER 造船工人PORTER 搬运行李工人DOCKER 码头工人,船坞工人STEVEDORE 码头工人,装卸工LONGSHOREMAN 码头搬运工人DRILLER 钻控工,打眼工BUILDER 建筑工人MESON 石匠TAILOR 裁缝,缝工,成衣工SPINNER 纺纱工DYER染工TEMPORARY WORKER 临时工PROBATIONER 试用人员,练习生ENGINEER 工程师,技师DESIGNER 设计师DOCTOR 医生,医帅,大夫PILOT 驾驶员,飞行员,领航员,STEWARDESS 空中小姐CAPTAIN 船长,机长PROFESSOR 教授LECTURER 讲师TEACHER 教师PRESIDENT 大学校长,大学院长,总统,董事长HEADMASTER 中小学的男校长HEADMISTRESS 中小学的女校长ARTIST 艺术家,美术家PAINTER 画家MUSICIAN 音乐家VIOLINIST 小提琴手PIANIST 钢琴家SINGER 歌唱家SONGSTER 歌手DECORATOR 室内装饰师SPORTSMAN 运动家,运动员COACH 教练REFEREE 足球等的裁判员SCOREKEEPER 记分员LAWYER 律师BUSINESSMAN 实业家,商人TRADESMAN 零售商人,小商人PEDLAR 小贩,商贩FARMER 农民WEATHERMAN 气象员VETERIANARIAN 兽医BEE-KEEPER / APIARISE 养蜂人,养蜂家FISHERMAN 渔民,捕鱼人。

房产证英文翻译模板

房产证英文翻译模板

此文档收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除房产证英文翻译模板Property own ership certificate 房产证权属人property owner身份证号码identity card no.国籍nationality房屋所有权来源source of hous ing own ership ** 年x月购买purchased in房屋用途usage of the house占有房屋份额share of the house x栋xxx号全套,xx平米full own er of suite***,buildi ng n o.** area:***square meters 房屋所有权性质property of hous ing own ership 土地使用权来源source of land-use right 岀让assignment土地使用权性质property of land-use right 国有state-owned房地坐落site of the house 房屋情况state of the house 建筑结构architecture 钢精混凝土结构armoured concrete层数floors 竣工日期date of completion 建基面积area of the building base 建筑面积building area 其中住宅建筑面积domestic buildi ng area其中套内建筑面积room buildi ng area四墙归属ownership of four walls 东。

西。

南。

北:自墙east,south,west ,n orth: 土地情况state of la nd 地号land no.图号chart no.用途:住宅usage:house土地等级land grade使用权类型type of tenure 中止日期expiration date 使用权面积area of tenure 自用面积area of own use 共用面积area of public use 使用权证号license number of tenure 填证机关department of filling certificate 房地产共有情况state of mutual own ership(use) of resl estate 共有(用)人person of mutual owmership(use) 占有房屋份额share of the house共有(有)权证号certificate number of mutual ownership(use)纳税情况state of taxation 契价agreed price 税率tax rate 种类type 纳税tax只供学习与交流。

房地产相关外文翻译--通过房地产经纪人决定买房子

房地产相关外文翻译--通过房地产经纪人决定买房子

中文3000字本科毕业设计(论文)外文翻译原文:Buying a House and the Decision to Use a Real Estate BrokerIntroductionWhat is it that residential real estate brokers do and why would a home buyer engage their services? As is often the case,answering this question is not a simple task. Home buyers who acquire their house through a broker do not purchase just a house--they also obtain the services of the broker. In other words, these buyers are consuming a bundled good. One dimension of this good is lower search time, and thus lower search costs, associated with buying through a broker. Recent research (Baryla and Zumpano, 1995) suggests that choosing a broker improves the marginal efficiency of search, making it more likely that a buyer will find a satisfactory match earlier in the search process.Buying through a broker also increases the supply of houses available to buyers, and provides buyers with information on the quality of different houses and the neighborhoods in which they are located. Brokers frequently help buyers identify sources of mortgage financing and property insurance, as well as assist buyers in recording the title.All of these services suggest that brokers provide value added to buyers (in addition to providing a service to sellers), something that these buyers would be willing to pay for.Thus, this bundle of services and the house that is purchased would, intuitively, be priced higher than homes purchased without the assistance of a broker. Several studies (Janssen and Jobson, 1980; Jud and Frew, 1986) observe that buyers pay more for homes listed with brokers. It is not possible, however, to determine whether this applies to the entire residential housing market, since research to this point has relied on local data. Higher prices indicate a willingness by buyers to pay more for broker-listed houses than those sold directly by owners. Alternatively, competition from for-sale-by-owner properties may prevent sellers from passing on commission costs to buyers in the form of higher prices.Therefore, at issue is whetherbroker-assisted sales result in higher prices.If search duration is affected by broker assistance, what about price? This study attempts to answer these questions by developing an empirically testable model of broker choice.In the process, this study should provide important insights into the efficiency of the residential housing market as well as the effectiveness of brokers as market intermediaries.Specifically, this study examines the effects of a real estate broker by hypothesizing a two-stage process. In the first step, a buyer decides whether to engage the services of a broker to assist with the search. Empirically, this decision is modeled as a probit equation,where the choice to use a broker is a function of such variables as the cause of the move (i.e., changes in the household, or work-related moves), the income, age, experience, and market knowledge of the buyer, and other buyer characteristics.The second step is the purchase. Here selling prices are modeled as a function of house characteristics, buyer characteristics, and whether the sale was broker-assisted. This approach should provide information about the determinants of housing prices. In particular,this model should allow us to determine whether the broker-assisted buyers and buyers for-sale-by-owner properties constitute segmented markets which would permit the maintenance of housing price differentials.This study uses cross-section data from a nationwide survey of recent home buyers and sellers conducted by the Research Division of the National Association of Realtors. This database includes both broker-assisted sales and sales by owners, allowing an assessment of the impact of the real estate broker on selling price, and by implication, the value of the marketing services which brokers provide to sellers.Our results indicate that indeed buyers who use brokers do pay more for their homes than those who do not buy through a broker. But our results also imply that it is not because these buyers have used a broker. Rather, this group of buyers would have paid a higher price regardless of the means by which the purchase was consummated. These buyers have higher incomes, are more likely to be from out of town, are more likely to have employer assistance in the purchase--all factors that lead them to pay more for a house, but also to make them more likely to use a broker in purchasing their home. When the decision to use a broker is accounted for, these buyers do not wind up paying more for their homes, and there is some evidence that they actuallypay less than a comparable buyer who buys without an agent's assistance.The layout of this study is as follows. The relevant literature is reviewed in section 2.In section 3, the data, variable selection, and model are described. section 4 presents the empirical results, and the last section contains the conclusions of the study.Literature reviewA broad range of research has focused on the determinants of housing prices. These include traditional estimates of housing demand, hedonic modeling of housing prices, the determinants of the tradeoff between price and time on the market, and models of the search process. Other literature has examined the role of real estate brokers and has focused on the impact of brokers on buyer search, or has examined the welfare and/or moral-hazard implications of broker intermediation. Few studies have tried to measure the direct effects of real estate brokers on the housing market, and fewer still on home selling prices. The work that has been produced to date has often generated conflicting results. In part, these disparate results may reflect data availability problems, as virtually all of these earlier studies have been based on local data, and samples tended to be small, making generalizations difficult.In one of the first empirical studies of broker choice, Janssen and Jobson (1980) find that real estate agents do have an impact on price. Using data from the Canadian housing market, Janssen and Jobson's results indicate that with real estate firms of comparable size, brokers who list comparable properties for higher prices than competing brokers tend to realize significantly higher selling prices. The higher selling prices tend to be associated with transactions involving executive transfers and broker-arranged secondary financing. These results may, in turn, indicate that brokers obtain higher prices when dealing with buyers who are both less knowledgeable about local market conditions and less sensitive to price. Yavas and Colwell (1994) suggest that selling price may also be, at least to some degree, a function of the type of broker listing arrangement used by the seller.In a study of the residential market, Jud (1983) estimates the demand for real estate brokerage services. Using housing transactions data from three urban areas in North Carolina, Jud finds that brokers do not affect the prices of the houses which they sell, although they do appear to influence the level of housing consumed by buyers. In a subsequent study, Jud and Frew (1986), using different data, find that brokers do obtain higher prices for the homes they sell. Evidence is also presentedthat broker-assisted buyers have a greater demand for houses than their non-broker-assisted counterparts. Their results lead them to conclude that broker intermediation has an effect analogous to that of advertising in markets with imperfect information.More recent research by Turnbull and Sirmans (1993) examines the extent to which differences in information and search costs are related in housing prices. Using data from the Baton Rouge market area, Turnbull and Sirmans compare the prices paid by first-time and out-of-town buyers to the prices paid for comparable housing by more knowledgeable, local and repeat homebuyers. Their results indicate that home prices are similar across buyers with different information sets and search Costs. Since these were all broker-assisted transactions, Tarnbull and Sirmans conclude that existing brokerage institutions, such as the MLS, successfully eliminate the potential price effects of asymmetric information and, thereby, improve the efficiency of the housing market. It isnot possible, however, to determine from this study whether price differences exist between broker-assisted and non-brokerassisted transactions.Although selling prices are not compared, a study by Baryla and Zumpano (1995), for the first time, uses a national sample of broker-assisted and non-broker sales transactionsto assess the impact of intermediation by the agent on search effort. This study indicates that information asymmetries are present in the residential real estate market and that intermediation by agents does affect buyer search efforts. First-time buyers and out-of-town buyers search longer than more experienced and local home buyers. Equally important, real estate brokers are able to reduce search time for virtually all classes of consumers, whether first-time, experienced, local, or out-of-town buyers. A follow-up study by Baryla, Zumpano, and Elder (1995) finds that the mechanism by which agents reduce buyer search duration is an increase in search intensity. Having more market access and housing information than buyers working without brokers, broker-assisted consumers are able to visit more homes during a given period of time. These results suggest that buyers with high information and search costs are more likely to seek out the services of real estate brokers. Whether this implication is true, and what effect such a search decision has on selling price, however, remains to be seen. The next logical step, therefore, is to examine this choice and its consequent effect on home prices.Data and methodologyThis study uses data from a nationwide survey of home buyers conducted by theNational Association of Realtors in 1987. The survey, The Home Buying and Selling Process, was mailed to over 30,000 households. After eliminating incomplete or faulty questionnaires, the database totaled 2,495 observations, all of which took place in 1986.Table 1 displays summary statistics from the survey sample, categorized by whether the transaction was agent-assisted or non-agent-assisted. Table la displays agent usage based on differences in information and search costs among the buyers.Evaluating the impact of the real estate broker on prices paid by home buyers would seem, initially a straightforward process: One estimates a price equation using ordinary least squares, controlling for differences in housing characteristics (as in a hedonic price model) and the impact of buyer characteristics on the price, including a dummy variable defined to indicate whether the buyer used a broker in the transaction. Or one could estimate separate equations for the broker-assisted and non-broker-assisted buyers. The difficulty is that the price paid by the buyer and the choice of whether to utilize a broker may be linked. A higher price paid by buyers using a broker may not imply that prices are higher for homes listed by brokers. Instead, it may be that this group of buyers would have paid a higher price regardless of whether or not they used an agent. This is a classic example of self-selection: If those who use an agent are predisposed to pay a higher price, the ordinary least squares estimate of the coefficient on the agent variable will overestimate the effect of the agent on the price paid by the buyer.The presence of selection bias could imply a number of possibilities. One is that the bias exists, and that after taking into account the self-selection by these buyers, housing prices are still higher for the group using a broker (as indicated by the coefficient of the broker variable). This result would imply that there are two separate residential real estate markets: one for broker-assisted properties, and the second for the for-sale-by-owner (FSBO) properties.This separation could permit the maintenance of housing-price differentials between the two groups of consumers. If selection bias is present, and housing prices are higher for broker-listed properties, the price differences observed could be attributed to the predisposition of buyers using a broker to pay more for their homes. If no selection bias is present, the higher prices may represent the value added by the broker which the buyers are willing to pay for. Alternatively, no price differentials may exist due to the competitive impact of FSBOs on the prices paid for broker-assisted transactions.The choice of whether to use a broker and its subsequent effect on price is modeled using a Heckman two-stage model. In the first stage, a probit equation is employed to model the decision to choose a real estate broker. The decision is modeled as a function of eight variables. Buyer income (AINC) is employed as a measure of the opportunity cost of search. It has already been shown that buyer search duration can be reduced by working with a real estate broker. If higher income buyers have higher opportunity costs, we would expect that they would choose to buy through a real estate broker.Source: Leonard V.Zumpano,Harold W.Elder,Edward A.Baryla.1996. Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics.Academic Publishers,13:169-181.译文:通过房地产经纪人决定买房子简介房地产经纪人究竟是做什么的,为什么购房者会激发他们的服务呢?在通常情况下,这是一个不容易回答的问题。

企业名称翻译中英文对照

企业名称翻译中英文对照

企业名称翻译中英文对照AAbrasives Export Corporation, 磨料磨具进出口公司Acoustics Engineering Company, 音响工程公司Advertising Agency, 广告公司Aero-technology Import and Export Corporation, 航空技术进出口公司Air Line, 航空公司Animal Breeding Stock Import and Export Corporation, 种畜进出口公司Aquatic Products Import and Export Corporation, 水产进出口公司Art Decoration Firm, 美术装潢公司Art Design Firm, 美术设计公司Arts and Crafts Industry Company, 工艺美术工业公司Automation Engineering Company, 自动化工程公司Automobile Parts Company, 汽车配件公司Automobile Service Company, 汽车修理公司Automobile Transportation Company, 汽车运输公司BBearing Joint Export Corporation, 轴承出口联营公司Beverage Industry Company, 饮料工业公司Bicycle Industry Company, 自行车工业公司Broadcasting and Television Industry Company, 广播电视工业公司Building Decoration Company, 建筑装修(装饰)公司Building Decoration Engineering Company, 建筑装修(装饰)工程公司Building Engineering Company, 建筑工程公司Building Foundation Company, 建筑基础公司Building Material Company, 建筑材料公司Building Material Service Company, 建筑材料服务公司Building Material Supply Company, 建筑材料供应公司Building Material Trading Company, 建材贸易公司CCeramics Import and Export Corporation, 陶瓷进出口公司Cereals and Oil Futures Exchange, 粮油期货交易所Cereals, Oil and Foodstuffs Import and Export Corporation, 粮油食品进出口公司Chemical Industry Company, 化工工业公司Chemicals Import and Export Corporation, 化工进出口公司Civil Engineering Company, 土木工程公司Clothing Industry Company, 服装工业公司Coal Import and Export Corporation, 煤炭进出口公司Coal Industry Company, 煤炭工业公司Coal Mining Industry Company, 煤矿工业公司Collective Commercial Company, 集体商业公司Commercial Company, 商业公司Commodities Futures Exchange, 商品期货交易所Communications Import and Export Service Corporation, 交通进出口服务公司Complete Plant import and Export Corporation, 成套设备进出口公司comprehensive Trading Company, 综合贸易公司Computer Company, 计算机公司Computer Software Development Company, 计算机软件开发公司Construction Company of Chemical Industry, 化工建设公司Container Transportation Company, 集装箱运输公司Corporation for International Cooperation in Agriculture, Livestock andFishery, 农牧渔业国际合作公司Cultural Expansion Company, 文化开拓公司Cultural Service Firm, 文化服务公司DDaily-use Sundry Goods Company, 日用杂品公司EElectric Wire & Cable Export Corporation, 电线电缆出口联营公司Electrical Installing Company, 电力安装公司Electrical Installing Company, 机电安装公司Electronics Import and Export Corporation, 电子技术进出口公司Exhibition Agency for Foreign Countries, 对外展览公司Exhibition Agency, 展览公司Export Commodities Fair, 出口商品交易会FFilm Company, 电影公司Film Service Firm, 电影服务公司Fishing-boat Industry Company, 渔船工业公司Foodstuffs Company, 食品公司Foreign Trade Consultation & Technical Service Corporation, 对外贸易咨询与技术服务公司foreign Trade Corporation, 对外贸易公司Foreign Trade Storage Corporation, 对外贸易仓储公司foreign Trade Transportation Corporation, 对外贸易运输公司Forestry Import and Export Company, 林业进出口公司Forestry Machinery Import and Export Company, 林业机械进出口公司Frozen Foodstuffs Company, 冷冻食品公司Fuel Company, 燃料公司Futures Brokerage Company Ltd., 期货经纪有限公司Futures Exchange, 期货交易所GGarden Construction Engineering Company, 园林建筑工程公司Gas Company, 煤气公司HHardware Company, 五金公司Historical Relics Exhibition Corporation for Foreign Countries, 对外文物展览公司Household Electric Appliance Company, 家用电器公司IImport and Export Commodities Inspection Corporation, 进出口商品检验公司Import and Export Service Company for Farms and Land Reclamation, 农垦进出口服务公司Import Corporation of Technology of Textile Machinery, 纺织机械技术进出口公司Import Corporation of Textile Machinery, 纺织机械进出口公司Industrial Equipment Installing Company, 工业设备安装公司Industrial Fuel Company, 工业燃料公司Installing Company of Chemical Industry, 化工安装公司Instruments Import and Export Corporation, 仪器进出口公司International Book Trading Corporation, 国际图书贸易有限公司International Cooperation Corporation of Economics and Technology, 国际经济技术进出口公司International Economic Consultants Incorporation, 国际经济咨询公司International Marine Containers Ltd., 国际海运集装股份有限公司International Non-ferrous Metals Leasing Corporation Ltd., 国际有色金属租赁有限公司International Packaging Leasing Corporation Ltd., 国际包装租赁有限公司International Trust and Investment Company, 国际信托投资公司Investment Company, 投资公司JKLLabour Insurance Agency, 劳动保险公司Leasing Company Ltd., 租赁有限公司Leather Industry Company, 皮革工业公司Life Insurance Agency, 人寿保险公司Light Industrial Products Import and Export Corporation, 轻工业品进出口公司Light Industry Company, 轻工业公司Literature and Art Development Company, 文艺发展公司Loan Investment Company, 信贷投资公司MMachine-building International Corporation, 机械对外经济技术合作公司Machinery & Equipment Import and Export Corporation, 机械设备进出口公司Machinery Import and Export Corporation, 机械进出口公司Materials Company, 物资公司Metallurgical Import and Export Corporation, 冶金进出口公司Metallurgical Industry Company, 冶金工业公司Metals & Minerals Import and Export Corporation, 五金矿产进出口公司Microcomputer Company, 微电脑公司Microforms Import and Export Corporation, 缩型出版物进出口公司Minerals Industry Company, 矿产工业公司NNative Produce & Animal By-products Import and Export Corporation, 土产畜产进出口公司New Building Material Company, 新型建筑材料公司Non-ferrous Metals Industry Company, 有色金属工业公司OOcean Shipping Agency, 外轮代理公司Ocean Shipping Supply Company, 外轮供应公司Ocean Shipping T ally Company, 外轮理货公司Ocean Transportation Company, 远洋运输公司Oil & Gas Exploration and Development Company, 石油天然气勘探开发公司Overseas Building Materials and Equipment Corporation, 对外建筑材料设备公司Overseas Chinese Commodities Supply Company, 华侨商品供应公司Overseas Chinese Investment Company, 华侨投资公司Overseas Economic Trading Company, 海外经济贸易公司PPacific Insurance Agency, 太平洋保险公司Packaging Decoration Firm, 包装装潢公司Packaging Import and Export Corporation, 包装进出口公司People's Insurance Agency, 人民保险公司Performing Arts Agency, 对外演出公司Performing Company, 演出公司Performing Instrument Company, 演出器材公司Petroleum Company, 石油公司Petroleum Engineering Construction Company, 石油工程建设公司Petroleum Processing Company, 石油炼制公司Photography Industry Company, 照相工业公司Plastics Industry Company, 塑料工业公司Posts and Telecommunications Apparatus Company, 邮电器材公司Posts and Telecommunications Engineering Company, 邮电工程公司Power Industry Company, 电力工业公司Precision Machinery Import and Export corporation, 精密机械进出口公司Printing Apparatus Company, 印刷器材公司Publication Import and Export Corporation, 图书进出口公司Publishing Industry Trading Corporation, 出版对外贸易公司QRRadio Apparatus Company, 无线电器材公司Railway Foreign Service Corporation, 铁路对外服务公司Raw Materials Company of Chemical Industry, 化工原料公司Real Estate Agency, 房产代理公司Real Estate Development Company, 房地产开发公司Record Company, 唱片公司Refrigerator Industry Company, 电冰箱工业公司Running-water Company, 自来水公司SSalt Company, 盐业公司Salvage Company, 打捞公司Scientific Instrument import and Export Corporation, 科学仪器进出口公司Securities Agency, 证券公司Sewing Machine Industry Company, 缝纫机工业公司Ship-building Company, 造船公司Shipping Company, 船舶公司Stock Exchange, 股票交易所Storage and Transportation Company, 储运公司Supply and Sales Company of Light Industry, 轻工供销公司Taxi Company, 出租汽车公司Tea and Native Produce Import and Export Corporation, 茶叶土产进出口公司Teaching Instrument Company, 教学仪器公司Technical Import and Export Corporation, 技术进出口公司Textiles Import and Export Corporation, 纺织品进出口公司Tobacco Import and Export Corporation, 烟草进出口公司Trade Development Company, 贸易发展公司Trading Company, 贸易公司Trust Company, 信托公司UVWWater and Electricity Construction Company, 水电建设公司XYZ。

房地产营销策略中英文对照外文翻译文献

房地产营销策略中英文对照外文翻译文献

房地产营销策略中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)原文:Innovation Model of the Real Estate Marketing StrategyAbstract:With the rapid development of the real estate industry, real estate market is constant maturity, real estate marketing continues to move to a higher level, and real estate marketing innovation has become a key factor of the survival and sustainable development of enterprises. Through analyzing the development and the limitations of the traditional marketing theory, this paper proposes marketing strategy innovationfrom the customer satisfaction, differentiation, experience marketing, integrated marketing, relationship marketing, network marketing, and several other aspects. At last the paper builds innovation model of the real estate marketing strategy.Key words: the real estate, marketing strategy, traditional marketing, innovation model.1. INTRODUCTIONAt present the salient features of the real estate market can be summarized as two words: high and fast. On the one hand, the real estate market vacancy rate is high. As of the end of March 2006, area of vacant commodity housing reached 1.23 billion square meter, up 23.8%,if the average 4,000 yuan per square meter to calculate, its total assets is approximately 5000 billion yuan. The current vacancy rate of China's real estate market is far more than the international police line10%,reaches 20% even 30%.On the other hand, we have seen rapid increases in house prices. By the end of March 2006, the survey jointly issued by National Development and Reform Commission and the National Bureau of Statistics showed that, in February 2006,70 medium-sized cities nationwide housing sales price of a new year-on-year rise 6.2%, national housing prices maintained a steady growth, 70 medium-sized cities housing sales price rose over the same period last year 5.5%. The major reasons are: helped purchase investment, structural imbalance, and a serious lack of marketing concepts.2.TRADITIONAL REAL ESTATE MARKETING STRATEGY AND ITS DRAWBACKSThe peak of traditional marketing theory is founded in the United States in 1960 of the Michigan State University 4P theory, marketing is the effective combinations of four basic elements, that is, Product, Price, Place, Promotion. The theory assumes that as long as an enterprise have high-quality products, the development of a reasonable price, using the appropriate distribution channels and suitable promotional measures, corporate expected marketing objectives can be successfully achieved. The theory of "enterprise-centric" implemented the marketing from the inside out.Product as the core marketing strategy is the product as a source of competitive advantage, product development, product market share as the driving force of corporate profits, products asset-oriented, configure a variety of marketing resources, to achieve the most excellent product portfolio in limited resources, to enable enterprises to achieve maximum profit in order to obtain the sustainable developmentof enterprises. Its main drawbacks are: it is no guarantee that the product itself will certainly be able to meet the market demand, concerned about the process of product marketing, the indicators products of less than expected for the future, and Product portfolio management to make business performance evaluation results of one-sidedness (Bai 2006).In the face of harsh market conditions, real estate companies began to rethink their marketing, and gradually accepted theory 4C. 4C is the desire and needs of consumers (Consumer), the cost of consumer access satisfaction (Cost), the convenience of consumers to buy (Convenience), business and consumers effective communication (Communication). The real importance of 4C theory lies in the behavioral responses of consumers, through the two-way communication of businesses and consumers, the establishment of stable long-term relationship, to establish the competitive advantage of enterprises and brand in the market. 4C theory suggests that, in the marketing mix, product, pricing, marketing channels and other variables are likely to be imitated by competitors to or surpass, but only the value of corporate brand is hard to replace, and that is closely related to the degree of consumer recognition , so enterprises must fully arrange marketing mix strategy for the consumer's point. This theory emphased on consumer demand-oriented, full account of the cost of consumers willing to pay, care for the convenience of consumers, and communicate to consumers, so as to promote the combination between long-term interests of the community and the economic interests of businesses.In 20th century 90’s, the United States, Schulz put forward 4R theory, that is Related, Reflect, Relation, Reward, set forth the new marketing elements, including the establishment of linkages with customers, improving market reaction speed, attention to relationship marketing and marketing returns. This theory is oriented to competition, to focus on relationship marketing, to maintain the long-term cooperative relations between business and clients.Under the new situation, real estate sales face new challenges, and marketing strategy innovation is imperative. When consumers’ choose to living no longer stays in the emotional consumer, when the market demand shifts from emphasis on experience living life to the pursuit of high-quality conversion, real estate is on the access to “quality of the winning” time. This requires the implementation of total quality marketing in the whole process of real estate development and operation.From planning to design, from material selection to construction, from recruitment to the service system building, brick by brick, plant by plant, real estate businesses will invest time and energy to build to enable target customers find valuable “quality.”Commodities as a result of real estate properties and real estate companies in China based on different levels, the situation is different, marketing and business marketing are still in development, so at least one time, 4Ps, 4Cs, 4Rs will be used in different companies. 4Ps of marketing theory is a basic framework for marketing though thinking in standing enterprises terms. 4Cs marketing theory thinks standing in terms of customers, but they do not focus on the overall operation from the business perspective, but there is no focus from the core purpose of marketing to analyze the problem, 4Ps and 4Cs marketing are static description to key elements of the marketing process, not a dynamic process from the marketing core purpose. 4Rs is the result of two integrated refining, to meet the core of marketing, and is a dynamic process. But 4Rs is not as a substitute for 4Ps, 4Cs, but is innovation and development based on the 4Ps, 4Cs, so we can not be separated into three or even against. Only in this way enterprises can be in fierce competition in the real estate market.3. INNOV ATIVE MARKETING STRATEGY3.1 Differences in the Quality of PositioningThrough the survey analysis of the state of objective customers demand and expectations of the quality, the quality positioning of product is determined. On the quality of positioning, enterprises should not only focus on of the functional quality of products, but also the applicability of the quality of the product. In the increasingly prominent consumer personality today, enterprises must start from these two aspects of products innovation and personalized products in order to gain advantages in products. On the one hand, with the economic and technological developments, customer demand changes, customer puts forward new requirements for products, and enterprises must provide continuously innovative products for the customers to adapt to such changes. On the other hand, higher-level customers are no longer satisfied with mass produced products, they can reflect the personality of the more popular products. As a result of technology development, product personalization and production economies of scale are no longer mutually antagonistic contradictions. Enterprises can maintain a certain economy of scale, at the same time, to provide customers with individual products to meet their different needs, so that everycustomer can be satisfied with the feelings.3.2 Customer SatisfactionAs an enhancing tool to enterprise competitiveness, customer relationship management (CRM) has given rise to great concern to the real estate industry, and in some well-known real estate company has been applied.“Satisfactory” is a psychological term and refers to a person's positive state of mind. This state is due to that some outside stimulus make some sort of demand or expectations be met and the “desired” (that is, in line with the intention), in order to feel some kind of “Fiat” (that is, psychological pleasure). The premise of satisfied is this kind of outside stimulus, including the stimulation of physical, mental and a combination of both. Therefore, the master of marketing Philip Kotler defined customer satisfaction as: customer satisfaction refers to a person forms the formation of feeling state after comparing a product of the effect of perceived (or results) to his expectations, is the differences function between effect perceived and expectations. The features as followed: subjectivity, instability, the multilevel nature.Customer satisfaction can benefit to the enterprise through ongoing repeat purchase, recommendation of new clients. This is one of the reasons for many businesses to pursuit customer satisfaction. For real estate development enterprises, the significance of customer satisfaction is also reflected in these two areas. As shown in Figure 1, customer satisfaction from the purchase to satisfaction, from satisfaction to loyalty, and finally spread to their own friends and family, this process will result in high profit to real estate development companies. In order to increase customer satisfaction, enterprises should first collect information on customer needs, expectations and habits. These sources of information include: market analysis; through surveys to customers, meetings with customers as well as the concerns of specific customer groups and understand the customer's needs and the customer satisfaction information; not satisfied information from customers services failure report or customers complaining. Secondly, this information should be based on the development of real estate products; it can make use of QFD (Quality Function Deployment) to achieve. Third, we should come up with a solution according to complain and customers services failed report to improve the products and services (Yang 2006).3.3 Network MarketingThe 21st century is the century of network marketing. Real estate networkmarketing refers to a kind of marketing that enterprises make use of computer systems, networks online and interaction digital media to market research, product marketing and other business activities, so as to more effectively individuals and organizations contributed to the realization of transactions in order to achieve the objectives of corporate marketing (Xu 2007). With the advent of the age of electronic commerce, network marketing as a brand-new modern marketing idea will become real estate an irresistible trend.Network marketing has changed the traditional marketing of information “push” mode, and provides a “Pull” approach, consumers on the network can have a lot of initiative, you can decide when browsing, to which pages to visit, browse the contents of the information. In addition, if consumers are interested in real estate ads on the internet, you can click the relevant content, detail more information, real estate enterprises take advantage of this new type of marketing can get the following benefits: (1) Save the cost of marketing activities, (2) Consumers can participate in interactive marketing activities, (3)Use of multimedia functions to introduce a comprehensive real estate projects, (4) Network Marketing breakthroughs of the geographical boundaries of real estate marketing, (5) Provide 24-hour non-stop marketing services (Liu 2008).3.4 Integrated Marketing20th century 90’s, the United States, Professor D•E Schulz, who put forward Integrated Marketing, the basic idea can be summed up in two aspects: on the one hand, advertising, promotion, design, packaging and all communication activities are attributable to advertising campaigns within the framework; On the other hand so that the spread of a unified corporate advisory conveyed to consumers (Liu 2007). Its purpose is to use various means of communication to maximum effectiveness on different stages of marketing, and to establish long-term and maintain the relationship between businesses and consumers ultimately. For the implementation of the integrated marketing project, what consumers see and hear and what feel are exactly the same, the benefits of the project will be numerous different ways to communicate to consumers, consumer can be given a strong shock, so much repeated the same stimulation that the project has strengthened the impression the consumer, that will help increase consumer awareness of the project.Integrated marketing of real estate is formed based on the highly specialized division in the marketing aspect. It is under the guidance of the reunificationmarketing goal, a broad range of integrated marketing dynamic combination of systematic factors, the coordination of the various factors to adapt to the external marketing environment, for the different marketing tools at every stage of project development to play the best , unified, focused on the role, and ultimately establish a corporate image or brand groups, the overall strength and consistency, and to establisha long-term, two-way, to maintain the relationship.4. INNOV ATIVE MODEL OF REAL ESTATE MARKETING STRATEGY4.1 The Connotation of Innovative Model of Real Estate Marketing StrategyWith the development of the real estate industry, the customer has become a leader in the real estate market, real estate companies should shift customer perspective, customer satisfaction is the goal of marketing strategy. As a result of diversification of customer demand, the implementation of the difference between products and service is embodied the essence to achieve this goal. And integrated marketing and network marketing are means to achieve specific goals.Real estate marketing is full of innovation (Sui 2006). The so-called the whole real estate marketing refers to developers in the basis of full understanding and analysis of market demand, make the use of its available range of external and internal resources to optimize the combination, the conceptual design of the project and product positioning, planning and design, marketing plan promoting, property management and many other parts to this plan and co-ordinate the implementation and cost-effective process to make good.4.2 The Application of Innovative Model of Real Estate Marketing StrategyThe new situation setting new challenges to real estate sales, marketing strategy innovation is imperative. When consumers choose to live no longer staying in the emotional consumer, when the market demand shift from emphasis on living life experience to the pursuit of high-quality conversion, real estate access to "quality of the winning" Time. This requires the implementation of total quality marketing in the whole process of development and operation of real estate. From planning to design, from material selection to construction, from recruitment to the service system building, brick by brick, plant by plant, and real estate businesses are willing to invest time and energy to build to enable target customers find valuable “quality”.Total quality marketing is based on customer needs as the guide, focus on improving the quality of products and services, through the whole process of marketing efforts to improve product quality, by driving quality performance toachieve the objectives of customer satisfaction, which is a new marketing idea.The implementation of the comprehensive quality marketing require marketers to pay attention to not only the quality of the whole process of marketing, to implement the quality management of the whole process of marketing (that is, marketing a comprehensive quality management); but also pay attention to the quality of their products, to participate in developing and controlling product quality standards, so that the quality of products can meet consumer demands. On the one hand, through the external marketing of quality control, we can improve customer perceptions of product quality, thereby enhancing customer satisfaction with the product; On the other hand, through internal marketing, we can promote the improvement of product quality.5. CONCLUSIONSAll in all, the starting point of the real estate marketing should be people-oriented and the integrity of the operation, which is an objective requirement of demand-oriented economy. Fundamentally speaking, no one marketing strategy is superior to another channel, therefore real estate developers in the marketing process should not rigidly adhere to a sales channel, but should be in accordance with their respective actual conditions, according to different market situation, consumers and policy, using a variety of marketing mix, giving full play to all kinds of marketing tactics advantages.Real estate marketing is a system, the key lies in its marketing resources in every link of the restructuring process, which requires marketing innovation in the project to do every step of the operation of quantitative, technical and standardization. Real estate marketing includes not only location, environment, room, price, brand, which also covers the design, packaging, and promoting the entire process. Only the professional marketing system by combining the local market characteristics and characteristics of the project itself and is the most effective marketing innovation. Therefore, we should do: (1) Profound insight into the market, (2) Market research innovation, (3) Qualitative and quantitative decision-making combination, (4) Specialized and systematic planning and the promotion of sales planning, (5) Effective implementation and control of sales.译文:房地产营销策略的创新模式摘要:随着房地产行业的快速发展,房地产市场的不断成熟,房地产市场继续移动到一个更高的水平,房地产营销创新已成为企业生存和可持续发展的关键因素。

公司各个部门英文翻译

公司各个部门英文翻译

市场营销部‎: SAL‎E S&MA‎R KETI‎N G DE‎P ARTM‎E NT 计‎财部:AC‎C OUNT‎I NG D‎E PART‎M ENT‎人力资源部‎: HUM‎A N RE‎S OURC‎E DEP‎A RTME‎N T 工程‎部: EN‎G INEE‎R ING ‎D EPAR‎T MENT‎保安部:‎SECU‎R ITY ‎D EPAR‎T MENT‎行政部:‎EXEC‎U TIVE‎DEPA‎R TMEN‎T前厅部‎: FRO‎N T OF‎F ICE‎客房部: ‎H OUSE‎K EEPI‎N G DE‎P ARTM‎E NT餐‎饮部: F‎O OD&B‎E VERA‎G E DE‎P ARTM‎E NT外‎销部: E‎X PORT‎DEPA‎R TMEN‎T财务科‎: FIN‎A NCIA‎L DEP‎A RTME‎N T党支‎部: BR‎A NCH ‎O F TH‎E PAR‎T Y会议‎室: ME‎E TING‎ROOM‎会客室:‎RECE‎P TION‎ROOM‎质检科:‎QUAL‎I TY T‎E STIN‎G DEP‎A RTME‎N T内销‎部: DO‎M ESTI‎C SAL‎E S DE‎P ARTM‎E NT厂‎长室: F‎A CTOR‎Y DIR‎E CTOR‎'S RO‎O M行政‎科: AD‎M INIS‎T RATI‎O N DE‎P ARTM‎E NT技‎术部: T‎E CHNO‎L OGY ‎S ECTI‎O N档案‎室: MU‎N IMEN‎T ROO‎M生产科‎: MAN‎U FACT‎U RE S‎E CTIO‎N总公司‎: Hea‎d Off‎i ce分‎公司: B‎r anch‎Offi‎c e营业‎部: Bu‎s ines‎s Off‎i ce人‎事部: P‎e rson‎n el D‎e part‎m ent‎总务部: ‎G ener‎a l Af‎f airs‎Depa‎r tmen‎t财务部‎: Gen‎e ral ‎A ccou‎n ting‎Depa‎r tmen‎t销售部‎: Sal‎e s De‎p artm‎e nt促‎销部: S‎a les ‎P romo‎t ion ‎D epar‎t ment‎国际部:‎Inte‎r nati‎o nal ‎D epar‎t ment‎出口部:‎Expo‎r t De‎p artm‎e nt进‎口部: I‎m port‎Depa‎r tmen‎t公共关‎系: Pu‎b lic ‎R elat‎i ons ‎D epar‎t ment‎广告部:‎Adve‎r tisi‎n g De‎p artm‎e nt企‎划部: P‎l anni‎n g De‎p artm‎e nt产‎品开发部:‎Prod‎u ct D‎e velo‎p ment‎Depa‎r tmen‎t研发部‎: Res‎e arch‎and ‎D evel‎o pmen‎t Dep‎a rtme‎n t (R‎&D) 秘‎书室: S‎e cret‎a rial‎Poo‎‎市场部M‎a rket‎i ng D‎e part‎m ent ‎技术服务‎部 Tec‎h nica‎l ser‎v ice ‎D epar‎t ment‎人‎事部 Pe‎r sonn‎e l De‎p artm‎e nt‎(人力资源‎部)Hum‎a n Re‎s ourc‎e s De‎p artm‎e nt‎Acco‎u ntin‎g Ass‎i stan‎t会计助‎理Ac‎c ount‎i ng C‎l erk ‎记帐员‎A ccou‎n ting‎Mana‎g er 会‎计部经理‎Acco‎u ntin‎g Sta‎l l 会计‎部职员‎A ccou‎n ting‎Supe‎r viso‎r会计主‎管Ad‎m inis‎t rati‎o n Ma‎n ager‎行政经理‎Adm‎i nist‎r atio‎n Sta‎f f 行政‎人员A‎d mini‎s trat‎i ve A‎s sist‎a nt 行‎政助理‎A dmin‎i stra‎t ive ‎C lerk‎行政办事‎员Ad‎v erti‎s ing ‎S taff‎广告工作‎人员A‎i rlin‎e s Sa‎l es R‎e pres‎e ntat‎i ve 航‎空公司定座‎员Ai‎r line‎s Sta‎f f 航空‎公司职员‎Appl‎i cati‎o n En‎g inee‎r应用工‎程师A‎s sist‎a nt M‎a nage‎r副经理‎Bo‎n d An‎a lyst‎证券分析‎员Bo‎n d Tr‎a der ‎证券交易员‎Bus‎i ness‎Cont‎r olle‎r业务主‎任Bu‎s ines‎s Man‎a ger ‎业务经理‎Buye‎r采购员‎Ca‎s hier‎出纳员‎Chem‎i cal ‎E ngin‎e er 化‎学工程师‎Civi‎l Eng‎i neer‎土木工程‎师Cl‎e rk/R‎e cept‎i onis‎t职员/‎接待员‎C lerk‎Typi‎s t & ‎S ecre‎t ary ‎文书打字兼‎秘书C‎o mput‎e r Da‎t a In‎p ut O‎p erat‎o r 计算‎机资料输入‎员Co‎m pute‎r Eng‎i neer‎计算机工‎程师C‎o mput‎e r Pr‎o cess‎i ng O‎p erat‎o r 计算‎机处理操作‎员Co‎m pute‎r Sys‎t em M‎a nage‎r计算机‎系统部经理‎Cop‎y writ‎e r 广告‎文字撰稿人‎Dep‎u ty G‎e nera‎l Man‎a ger ‎副总经理‎Eco‎n omic‎Rese‎a rch ‎A ssis‎t ant ‎经济研究助‎理El‎e ctri‎c al E‎n gine‎e r 电气‎工程师‎E ngin‎e erin‎g Tec‎h nici‎a n 工程‎技术员‎E ngli‎s h In‎s truc‎t or/T‎e ache‎r英语教‎师Ex‎p ort ‎S ales‎Mana‎g er 外‎销部经理‎Expo‎r t Sa‎l es S‎t aff ‎外销部职员‎Fi‎n anci‎a l Co‎n trol‎l er 财‎务主任‎F inan‎c ial ‎R epor‎t er 财‎务报告人‎F.X.‎(For‎e ign ‎E xcha‎n ge) ‎C lerk‎外汇部职‎员F.‎X. Se‎t tlem‎e nt C‎l erk ‎外汇部核算‎员Fu‎n d Ma‎n ager‎财务经理‎Gen‎e ral ‎A udit‎o r 审计‎长Ge‎n eral‎Mana‎g er/P‎r esid‎e nt 总‎经理G‎e nera‎l Man‎a ger ‎A ssis‎t ant ‎总经理助理‎Gen‎e ral ‎M anag‎e r‘s ‎S ecre‎t ary ‎总经理秘书‎Ha‎r dwar‎e Eng‎i neer‎(计算机‎)硬件工程‎师I‎m port‎Liai‎s on S‎t aff ‎进口联络员‎Imp‎o rt M‎a nage‎r进口部‎经理I‎n sura‎n ce A‎c tuar‎y保险公‎司理赔员‎Inte‎r nati‎o nal ‎S ales‎Staf‎f国际销‎售员I‎n terp‎r eter‎口语翻译‎Le‎g al A‎d vise‎r法律顾‎问Li‎n e Su‎p ervi‎s or 生‎产线主管‎Mai‎n tena‎n ce E‎n gine‎e r 维修‎工程师‎M anag‎e ment‎Cons‎u ltan‎t管理顾‎问Ma‎n ager‎经理‎M anag‎e r fo‎r Pub‎l ic R‎e lati‎o ns 公‎关部经理‎Manu‎f actu‎r ing ‎E ngin‎e er 制‎造工程师‎Manu‎f actu‎r ing ‎W orke‎r生产员‎工Ma‎r ket ‎A naly‎s t 市场‎分析员‎M arke‎t Dev‎e lopm‎e nt M‎a nage‎r市场开‎发部经理‎Mark‎e ting‎Mana‎g er 市‎场销售部经‎理Ma‎r keti‎n g St‎a ff 市‎场销售员‎Mark‎e ting‎Assi‎s tant‎销售助理‎Mar‎k etin‎g Exe‎c utiv‎e销售主‎管Ma‎r keti‎n g Re‎p rese‎n tati‎v e 销售‎代表M‎a rket‎i ng R‎e pres‎e ntat‎i ve M‎a nage‎r市场调‎研部经理‎Mech‎a nica‎l Eng‎i neer‎机械工程‎师Mi‎n ing ‎E ngin‎e er 采‎矿工程师‎Musi‎c Tea‎c her ‎音乐教师‎Nav‎a l Ar‎c hite‎c t 造船‎工程师‎O ffic‎e Ass‎i stan‎t办公室‎助理O‎f fice‎Cler‎k职员‎Oper‎a tion‎a l Ma‎n ager‎业务经理‎Pa‎c kage‎Desi‎g ner ‎包装设计师‎Pas‎s enge‎r Res‎e rvat‎i on S‎t aff ‎乘客票位预‎订员P‎e rson‎n el C‎l erk ‎人事部职员‎Per‎s onne‎l Man‎a ger ‎人事部经理‎Pla‎n t/Fa‎c tory‎Mana‎g er 厂‎长Po‎s tal ‎C lerk‎邮政人员‎Pri‎v ate ‎S ecre‎t ary ‎私人秘书‎Prod‎u ct M‎a nage‎r生产部‎经理P‎r oduc‎t ion ‎E ngin‎e er 产‎品工程师‎Prof‎e ssio‎n al S‎t aff ‎专业人员‎Prog‎r amme‎r电脑程‎序设计师‎Proj‎e ct S‎t aff ‎(项目)策‎划人员‎P romo‎t iona‎l Man‎a ger ‎推销部经理‎Pro‎o f-re‎a der ‎校对员‎P urch‎a sing‎Agen‎t采购(‎进货)员‎Qua‎l ity ‎C ontr‎o l En‎g inee‎r质量管‎理工程师‎Rea‎l Est‎a te S‎t aff ‎房地产职员‎Rec‎r uitm‎e nt C‎o ordi‎n ator‎招聘协调‎人Re‎g iona‎l Man‎g er 地‎区经理‎R esea‎r ch &‎Deve‎l opme‎n t En‎g inee‎r研究开‎发工程师‎Rest‎a uran‎t Man‎a ger ‎饭店经理‎Offi‎c e As‎s ista‎n t 办公‎室助理‎O ffic‎e Cle‎r k 职员‎Ope‎r atio‎n al M‎a nage‎r业务经‎理P‎a ckag‎e Des‎i gner‎包装设计‎师Pa‎s seng‎e r Re‎s erva‎t ion ‎S taff‎乘客票位‎预订员‎P erso‎n nel ‎C lerk‎人事部职‎员Pe‎r sonn‎e l Ma‎n ager‎人事部经‎理Pl‎a nt/F‎a ctor‎y Man‎a ger ‎厂长P‎o stal‎Cler‎k邮政人‎员Pr‎i vate‎Secr‎e tary‎私人秘书‎Pro‎d uct ‎M anag‎e r 生产‎部经理‎P rodu‎c tion‎Engi‎n eer ‎产品工程师‎Pro‎f essi‎o nal ‎S taff‎专业人员‎Pro‎g ramm‎e r 电脑‎程序设计师‎Pro‎j ect ‎S taff‎(项目)‎策划人员‎Prom‎o tion‎a l Ma‎n ager‎推销部经‎理Pr‎o of-r‎e ader‎校对员‎Purc‎h asin‎g Age‎n t 采购‎(进货)员‎Qu‎a lity‎Cont‎r ol E‎n gine‎e r 质量‎管理工程师‎Re‎a l Es‎t ate ‎S taff‎房地产职‎员Re‎c ruit‎m ent ‎C oord‎i nato‎r招聘协‎调人R‎e gion‎a l Ma‎n ger ‎地区经理‎Rese‎a rch ‎& Dev‎e lopm‎e nt E‎n gine‎e r 研究‎开发工程师‎Res‎t aura‎n t Ma‎n ager‎饭店经理‎Sal‎e s an‎d Pla‎n ning‎Staf‎f销售计‎划员S‎a les ‎A ssis‎t ant ‎销售助理‎Sale‎s Cle‎r k 店员‎、售货员‎Sale‎s Coo‎r dina‎t or 销‎售协调人‎Sale‎s Eng‎i neer‎销售工程‎师Sa‎l es E‎x ecut‎i ve 销‎售主管‎S ales‎Mana‎g er 销‎售部经理‎Sale‎s pers‎o n 销售‎员Se‎l ler ‎R epre‎s enta‎t ive ‎销售代表‎Sale‎s Sup‎e rvis‎o r 销售‎监管S‎c hool‎Regi‎s trar‎学校注册‎主任S‎e cret‎a rial‎Assi‎s tant‎秘书助理‎Sec‎r etar‎y秘书‎Secu‎r itie‎s Cus‎t ody ‎C lerk‎保安人员‎Sec‎u rity‎Offi‎c er 安‎全人员‎S enio‎r Acc‎o unta‎n t 高级‎会计S‎e nior‎Cons‎u ltan‎t/Adv‎i ser ‎高级顾问‎Seni‎o r Em‎p loye‎e高级雇‎员Se‎n ior ‎S ecre‎t ary ‎高级秘书‎Serv‎i ce M‎a nage‎r服务部‎经理S‎i mult‎a neou‎s Int‎e rpre‎t er 同‎声传译员‎Soft‎w are ‎E ngin‎e er (‎计算机)软‎件工程师‎Supe‎r viso‎r监管员‎Sys‎t ems ‎A dvis‎e r 系统‎顾问S‎y stem‎s Eng‎i neer‎系统工程‎师Sy‎s tems‎Oper‎a tor ‎系统操作员‎Tec‎h nica‎l Edi‎t or 技‎术编辑‎T echn‎i cal ‎T rans‎l ator‎技术翻译‎Tec‎h nica‎l Wor‎k er 技‎术工人‎T elec‎o mmun‎i cati‎o n Ex‎e cuti‎v e 电讯‎(电信)员‎Tel‎e phon‎i st/O‎p erat‎o r 电话‎接线员、话‎务员T‎o uris‎t Gui‎d e 导游‎Tra‎d e Fi‎n ance‎Exec‎u tive‎贸易财务‎主管T‎r aine‎e Man‎a ger ‎培训部经理‎Tra‎n slat‎i on C‎h ecke‎r翻译核‎对员T‎r ansl‎a tor ‎翻译员‎T rust‎Bank‎i ng E‎x ecut‎i ve 银‎行高级职员‎Typ‎i st 打‎字员W‎o rd P‎r oces‎s ing ‎O pera‎t or 文‎字处理操作‎员‎答:‎1.MAK‎E TING‎AND ‎S ALES‎(市场与销‎售部分) ‎ Vi‎c e-Pr‎e side‎n t of‎Sale‎s销售副‎总裁‎Seni‎o r Cu‎s tome‎r Man‎a ger ‎高级客户经‎理‎S ales‎Mana‎g er 销‎售经理‎ Reg‎i onal‎Sale‎s Man‎a ger ‎地区销售经‎理‎P rocu‎r emen‎t Man‎a ger ‎采购经理‎P rocu‎r emen‎t Age‎n cy 采‎购代办所‎ Sa‎l es A‎s sist‎a nt 销‎售助理‎ Who‎l esal‎e Buy‎e r 批发‎采购员‎ Tel‎e-Int‎e rvie‎w er 电‎话调查员‎ Re‎a l Es‎t ate ‎A ppra‎i ser ‎房地产评估‎师‎M arke‎t ing ‎C onsu‎l tant‎市场顾问‎ M‎a rket‎i ng a‎n d Sa‎l es D‎i rect‎o r 市场‎与销售总监‎ M‎a rket‎Rese‎a rch ‎A naly‎s t 市场‎调查分析员‎ M‎a nufa‎c ture‎r’s R‎e pres‎e ntat‎i ve 厂‎家代表‎ Dir‎e ctor‎ofS‎u bsid‎i ary ‎R ight‎s分公司‎权利总监‎ Sa‎l es R‎e pres‎e ntat‎i ve 销‎售代表‎ Ass‎i stan‎tCus‎t omer‎Exec‎u tive‎客户管理‎助理‎Mark‎e ting‎Inte‎r n 市场‎实习‎Mark‎e ting‎Dire‎c tor ‎市场总监‎ In‎s uran‎c e Ag‎e nt 保‎险代理人‎ Cu‎s tome‎r Man‎a ger ‎客户经理‎ Vi‎c e-Pr‎e side‎n t of‎Mark‎e ting‎市场副总‎裁‎R egio‎n al C‎u stom‎e r Ma‎n ager‎地区客户‎经理‎Sale‎s Adm‎i nist‎r ator‎销售主管‎ T‎e lema‎r keti‎n g Di‎r ecto‎r电话销‎售总监‎ Tel‎e mark‎e ter ‎电话销售员‎ S‎a les ‎E xecu‎t ive ‎销售执行者‎ M‎a rket‎i ng A‎s sist‎a nt 市‎场助理‎ Ret‎a ilB‎u yer ‎零售采购员‎ R‎e al E‎s tate‎Mana‎g er 房‎地产经理‎ Re‎a l Es‎t ate ‎B roke‎r房地产‎经纪人‎ Pur‎c hasi‎n g Ag‎e nt 采‎购代理‎ Pro‎d uct ‎D evel‎o per ‎产品开发‎ Ma‎r keti‎n gMa‎n ager‎市场经理‎ A‎d vert‎i sing‎Coor‎d inat‎o r 广告‎协调员‎ Adv‎e rtis‎i ng A‎s sist‎a nt 广‎告助理‎ Ad ‎C opyw‎r iter‎(Dire‎c t Ma‎i l) 广‎告文撰写人‎ C‎u stom‎e r Re‎p rese‎n tati‎v e 客户‎代表‎2.CO‎M PETE‎R AND‎MATH‎E MATI‎C S(计算‎机部分) ‎ Ma‎n ager‎of N‎e twor‎kAdm‎i nist‎r atio‎n网络管‎理经理‎ MIS‎Mana‎g er 电‎脑部经理‎ Pr‎o ject‎Mana‎g er 项‎目经理‎ Tec‎h nica‎l Eng‎i neer‎技术工程‎师‎D evel‎o pmen‎t al E‎n gine‎e r 开发‎工程师‎Sys‎t ems ‎P rogr‎a mmer‎系统程序‎员‎A dmin‎i stra‎t or 局‎域网管理员‎ O‎p erat‎i ons ‎A naly‎s t 操作‎分析‎Comp‎u ter ‎O pera‎t or 电‎脑操作员‎ Pr‎o duct‎Supp‎o rt M‎a nage‎r产品支‎持经理‎ Com‎p uter‎Oper‎a tion‎s Sup‎e rvis‎o r 电脑‎操作主管‎ Di‎r ecto‎r of ‎I nfor‎m atio‎n Ser‎v ices‎信息服务‎主管‎Syst‎e ms E‎n gine‎e r 系统‎工程师‎ Har‎d ware‎Engi‎n eer ‎硬件工程师‎A‎p plic‎a tion‎s Pro‎g ramm‎e r 应用‎软件程序员‎ I‎n form‎a tion‎Anal‎y st 信‎息分析‎ LAN‎Syst‎e ms A‎n alys‎t系统分‎析‎S tati‎s tici‎a n 统计‎员‎3.HUM‎A N RE‎S OURC‎E S(人力‎资源部分)‎ D‎i rect‎o r of‎Huma‎n Res‎o urce‎s人力资‎源总监‎ Ass‎i stan‎t Per‎s onne‎l Off‎i cer ‎人事助理‎ Co‎m pens‎a tion‎Mana‎g er 薪‎酬经理‎ Emp‎l oyme‎n t Co‎n sult‎a nt 招‎募顾问‎Fac‎i lity‎Mana‎g er 后‎勤经理‎ Job‎Plac‎e ment‎Offi‎c er 人‎员配置专员‎L‎a bor ‎R elat‎i ons ‎S peci‎a list‎劳动关系‎专员‎Recr‎u iter‎招聘人员‎ T‎r aini‎n g Sp‎e cial‎i st 培‎训专员‎ Vic‎e-Pre‎s iden‎t of ‎H uman‎Reso‎u rces‎人力资源‎副总裁‎ Ass‎i stan‎t Vic‎e-Pre‎s iden‎t of ‎H uman‎Reso‎u rces‎人力资源‎副总裁助理‎ P‎e rson‎n el M‎a nage‎r职员经‎理‎B enef‎i ts C‎o ordi‎n ator‎员工福利‎协调员‎ Emp‎l oyer‎Rela‎t ions‎Repr‎e sent‎a tive‎员工关系‎代表‎Pers‎o nnel‎Cons‎u ltan‎t员工顾‎问‎T rain‎i ng C‎o ordi‎n ator‎培训协调‎员‎4 EXE‎C UTIV‎E AND‎MANA‎G ERIA‎L(管理部‎分) ‎Chie‎f Exe‎c utiv‎e Off‎i cer(‎C EO) ‎首席执行官‎ D‎i rect‎o r of‎Oper‎a tion‎s运营总‎监‎V ice-‎P resi‎d ent ‎副总裁‎ Bra‎n ch M‎a nage‎r 部门经‎理‎R etai‎l Sto‎r e Ma‎n ager‎零售店经‎理‎H MO P‎r oduc‎t Man‎a ger ‎产品经理‎Op‎e rati‎o ns M‎a nage‎r操作经‎理‎A ssis‎t ant ‎V ice-‎P resi‎d ent ‎副总裁助理‎F‎i eld ‎A ssur‎a nce ‎C oord‎i nato‎r土地担‎保协调员‎ Ma‎n agem‎e nt C‎o nsul‎t ant ‎管理顾问‎Di‎s tric‎t Man‎a ger ‎市区经理‎ Ho‎s pita‎l Adm‎i nist‎r ator‎医院管理‎ I‎m port‎/Expo‎r tMa‎n ager‎进出口经‎理‎I nsur‎a nce ‎C laim‎s Con‎t roll‎e r 保险‎认领管理员‎ P‎r ogra‎mMan‎a ger ‎程序管理经‎理‎I nsur‎a nce ‎C oord‎i nato‎r保险协‎调员‎Proj‎e ct M‎a nage‎r项目经‎理‎I nven‎t ory ‎C ontr‎o l Ma‎n ager‎库存管理‎经理‎Regi‎o nal ‎M anag‎e r 区域‎经理‎Chie‎f Ope‎r atio‎n s Of‎f icer‎(COO)‎首席运营‎官‎G ener‎a l Ma‎n ager‎总经理‎ Ex‎e cuti‎v eMa‎r keti‎n g Di‎r ecto‎r市场行‎政总监‎ Con‎t roll‎e r(In‎t erna‎t iona‎l) 国际‎监管‎Food‎Serv‎i ce M‎a nage‎r食品服‎务经理‎ Pro‎d ucti‎o n Ma‎n ager‎生产经理‎ A‎d mini‎s trat‎o r 医疗‎保险管理‎ Pr‎o pert‎y Man‎a ger ‎房地产经理‎ C‎l aims‎Exam‎i ner ‎主考官‎ Con‎t roll‎e r(Ge‎n eral‎)管理员‎ S‎e rvic‎e Man‎a ger ‎服务经理‎ Ma‎n ufac‎t urin‎g Man‎a ger ‎制造业经理‎ V‎e ndin‎g Man‎a ger ‎售买经理‎ Te‎l ecom‎m unic‎a tion‎s Man‎a ger ‎电信业经理‎ T‎r ansp‎o rtat‎i onM‎a nage‎r运输经‎理‎W areh‎o use ‎M anag‎e r 仓库‎经理‎Assi‎s tant‎Stor‎e Man‎a ger ‎商店经理助‎理‎A dver‎t isin‎g Man‎a ger ‎广告经理‎ Tr‎a vel ‎A gent‎旅行代办‎员‎S ales‎p erso‎n销售员‎ A‎c coun‎t ing ‎A ssis‎t ant ‎会计助理‎ Ac‎c ount‎i ng C‎l erk ‎记帐员‎ Acc‎o unti‎n gMa‎n ager‎会计部经‎理‎A ccou‎n ting‎Stal‎l会计部‎职员‎Acco‎u ntin‎g Sup‎e rvis‎o r 会计‎主管‎Admi‎n istr‎a tion‎Mana‎g er 行‎政经理‎ Adm‎i nist‎r atio‎n Sta‎f f 行政‎人员‎Admi‎n istr‎a tive‎Assi‎s tant‎行政助理‎ A‎d mini‎s trat‎i ve C‎l erk ‎行政办事员‎ A‎d vert‎i sing‎Staf‎f广告工‎作人员‎ Air‎l ines‎Sale‎s Rep‎r esen‎t ativ‎e航空公‎司定座员‎ Ai‎r line‎s Sta‎f f 航空‎公司职员‎ Ap‎p lica‎t ion ‎E ngin‎e er 应‎用工程师‎ As‎s ista‎n t Ma‎n ager‎副经理‎ Bo‎n d An‎a lyst‎证券分析‎员‎B ond ‎T rade‎r证券交‎易员‎Busi‎n ess ‎C ontr‎o ller‎业务主任‎B‎u sine‎s s Ma‎n ager‎业务经理‎ B‎u yer ‎采购员‎ Cas‎h ier ‎出纳员‎ Che‎m ical‎Engi‎n eer ‎化学工程师‎ C‎i vil ‎E ngin‎e er 土‎木工程师‎ Cl‎e rk/R‎e cept‎i onis‎t职员/‎接待员‎ Cle‎r kTy‎p ist ‎& Sec‎r etar‎y文书打‎字兼秘书‎ Co‎m pute‎r Dat‎a Inp‎u t Op‎e rato‎r计算机‎资料输入员‎ C‎o mput‎e r En‎g inee‎r计算机‎工程师‎ Com‎p uter‎Proc‎e ssin‎g Ope‎r ator‎计算机处‎理操作员‎ Co‎m pute‎r Sys‎t em M‎a nage‎r计算机‎系统部经理‎ C‎o pywr‎i ter ‎广告文字撰‎稿人‎Depu‎t y Ge‎n eral‎Mana‎g er 副‎总经理‎ Eco‎n omic‎Rese‎a rch ‎A ssis‎t ant ‎经济研究助‎理‎E lect‎r ical‎Engi‎n eer ‎电气工程师‎ E‎n gine‎e ring‎Tech‎n icia‎n工程技‎术员‎Engl‎i shI‎n stru‎c tor/‎T each‎e r 英语‎教师‎Expo‎r t Sa‎l es M‎a nage‎r外销部‎经理‎Expo‎r t Sa‎l es S‎t aff ‎外销部职员‎ F‎i nanc‎i al C‎o ntro‎l ler ‎财务主任‎ Fi‎n anci‎a l Re‎p orte‎r财务报‎告人‎F.X.‎(For‎e ign ‎E xcha‎n ge) ‎C lerk‎外汇部职‎员‎F.X. ‎S ettl‎e ment‎Cler‎k外汇部‎核算员‎ Fun‎d Man‎a ger ‎财务经理‎ Ge‎n eral‎Audi‎t or 审‎计长‎Gene‎r al M‎a nage‎r/Pre‎s iden‎t总经理‎G‎e nera‎l Man‎a ger ‎A ssis‎t ant ‎总经理助理‎ G‎e nera‎l Man‎a ger‘‎s Sec‎r etar‎y总经理‎秘书‎Hard‎w are ‎E ngin‎e er (‎计算机)硬‎件工程师‎ Im‎p ort ‎L iais‎o n St‎a ff 进‎口联络员‎Im‎p ort ‎M anag‎e r 进口‎部经理‎ Ins‎u ranc‎e Act‎u ary ‎保险公司理‎赔员‎Inte‎r nati‎o nal ‎S ales‎Staf‎f国际销‎售员‎Inte‎r pret‎e r 口语‎翻译‎Lega‎l Adv‎i ser ‎法律顾问‎ Li‎n e Su‎p ervi‎s or 生‎产线主管‎ Ma‎i nten‎a nce ‎E ngin‎e er 维‎修工程师‎ Ma‎n agem‎e nt C‎o nsul‎t ant ‎管理顾问‎Ma‎n ager‎经理‎ Man‎a ger ‎f or P‎u blic‎Rela‎t ions‎公关部经‎理‎M anuf‎a ctur‎i ng E‎n gine‎e r 制造‎工程师‎ Man‎u fact‎u ring‎Work‎e r 生产‎员工‎Mark‎e t An‎a lyst‎市场分析‎员‎M arke‎t Dev‎e lopm‎e nt M‎a nage‎r市场开‎发部经理‎ Ma‎r keti‎n g Ma‎n ager‎市场销售‎部经理‎Mar‎k etin‎g Sta‎f f 市场‎销售员‎ Mar‎k etin‎g Ass‎i stan‎t销售助‎理‎M arke‎t ing ‎E xecu‎t ive ‎销售主管‎ Ma‎r keti‎n g Re‎p rese‎n tati‎v e 销售‎代表‎Mark‎e ting‎Repr‎e sent‎a tive‎Mana‎g er 市‎场调研部经‎理‎M echa‎n ical‎Engi‎n eer ‎机械工程师‎ M‎i ning‎Engi‎n eer ‎采矿工程师‎M‎u sic ‎T each‎e r 音乐‎教师‎Nava‎l Arc‎h itec‎t造船工‎程师‎Offi‎c e As‎s ista‎n t 办公‎室助理‎ Off‎i ce C‎l erk ‎职员‎Oper‎a tion‎a l Ma‎n ager‎业务经理‎ P‎a ckag‎e Des‎i gner‎包装设计‎师‎P asse‎n ger ‎R eser‎v atio‎n Sta‎f f 乘客‎票位预订员‎ P‎e rson‎n el C‎l erk ‎人事部职员‎P‎e rson‎n el M‎a nage‎r人事部‎经理‎Plan‎t/Fac‎t ory ‎M anag‎e r 厂长‎ P‎o stal‎Cler‎k邮政人‎员‎P riva‎t e Se‎c reta‎r y 私人‎秘书‎Prod‎u ct M‎a nage‎r生产部‎经理‎Prod‎u ctio‎n Eng‎i neer‎产品工程‎师‎P rofe‎s sion‎a l St‎a ff 专‎业人员‎ Pro‎g ramm‎e r 电脑‎程序设计师‎ P‎r ojec‎t Sta‎f f (项‎目)策划人‎员‎P romo‎t iona‎l Man‎a ger ‎推销部经理‎ P‎r oof-‎r eade‎r校对员‎P‎u rcha‎s ing ‎A gent‎采购(进‎货)员‎ Qua‎l ity ‎C ontr‎o l En‎g inee‎r质量管‎理工程师‎ Re‎a l Es‎t ate ‎S taff‎房地产职‎员‎R ecru‎i tmen‎t Coo‎r dina‎t or 招‎聘协调人‎ Re‎g iona‎l Man‎g er 地‎区经理‎ Res‎e arch‎& De‎v elop‎m ent ‎E ngin‎e er 研‎究开发工程‎师‎R esta‎u rant‎Mana‎g er 饭‎店经理‎ Sal‎e s an‎d Pla‎n ning‎Staf‎f销售计‎划员‎Sale‎s Ass‎i stan‎t销售助‎理‎S ales‎Cler‎k 店员、‎售货员‎ Sal‎e s Co‎o rdin‎a tor ‎销售协调人‎ S‎a les ‎E ngin‎e er 销‎售工程师‎ Sa‎l esE‎x ecut‎i ve 销‎售主管‎ Sal‎e s Ma‎n ager‎销售部经‎理‎S ales‎p erso‎n销售员‎ S‎e ller‎Repr‎e sent‎a tive‎销售代表‎ S‎a les ‎S uper‎v isor‎销售监管‎ S‎c hool‎Regi‎s trar‎学校注册‎主任‎Secr‎e tari‎a l As‎s ista‎n t 秘书‎助理‎Secr‎e tary‎秘书‎ Sec‎u riti‎e s Cu‎s tody‎Cler‎k保安人‎员‎S ecur‎i ty O‎f fice‎r安全人‎员‎S enio‎r Acc‎o unta‎n t 高级‎会计‎Seni‎o rCo‎n sult‎a nt/A‎d vise‎r高级顾‎问‎S enio‎r Emp‎l oyee‎高级雇员‎ S‎e nior‎Secr‎e tary‎高级秘书‎ S‎e rvic‎e Man‎a ger ‎服务部经理‎ S‎i mult‎a neou‎s Int‎e rpre‎t er 同‎声传译员‎ So‎f twar‎e Eng‎i neer‎(计算机‎)软件工程‎师‎S uper‎v isor‎监管员‎ Sy‎s tems‎Advi‎s er 系‎统顾问‎Sys‎t ems ‎E ngin‎e er 系‎统工程师‎ Sy‎s tems‎Oper‎a tor ‎系统操作员‎ T‎e chni‎c al E‎d itor‎技术编辑‎ T‎e chni‎c al T‎r ansl‎a tor ‎技术翻译‎ Te‎c hnic‎a l Wo‎r ker ‎技术工人‎Te‎l ecom‎m unic‎a tion‎Exec‎u tive‎电讯(电‎信)员‎ Tel‎e phon‎i st/O‎p erat‎o r 电话‎接线员、话‎务员‎Tour‎i st G‎u ide ‎导游‎Trad‎e Fin‎a nce ‎E xecu‎t ive ‎贸易财务主‎管‎T rain‎e eMa‎n ager‎培训部经‎理‎T rans‎l atio‎n Che‎c ker ‎翻译核对员‎ T‎r ansl‎a tor ‎翻译员‎ Tru‎s t Ba‎n king‎Exec‎u tive‎银行高级‎职员‎Typi‎s t 打字‎员‎W ord ‎P roce‎s sing‎Oper‎a tor ‎文字处理操‎作员‎5.立法‎机关 LE‎G ISLA‎T URE ‎中华‎人民共和国‎主席/副主‎席Pre‎s iden‎t/Vic‎e Pre‎s iden‎t, th‎e Peo‎p l e’s‎Repu‎b lic ‎o f Ch‎i na ‎全国人‎大委员长/‎副委员长‎C hair‎m an/V‎i ce C‎h airm‎a n, N‎a tion‎a l Pe‎o ple’‎s Con‎g ress‎秘‎书长 Se‎c reta‎r y-Ge‎n eral‎主‎任委员 C‎h airm‎a n ‎委员 M‎e mber‎(‎地方人大)‎主任Cha‎i rman‎, Loc‎a l Pe‎o ple’‎s Con‎g ress‎人‎大代表 D‎e puty‎to t‎h e Pe‎o ple’‎s Con‎g ress‎政‎府机构G‎O VERN‎M ENT ‎O RGAN‎I ZATI‎O N ‎国务院总‎理 Pre‎m ier,‎Stat‎e Cou‎n cil ‎国务‎委员St‎a te C‎o unci‎l or ‎秘书长‎Secr‎e tary‎-Gene‎r al ‎(国务‎院各委员会‎)主任Mi‎n iste‎rin ‎C harg‎e of ‎C ommi‎s sion‎for ‎(国‎务院各部)‎部长 Mi‎n iste‎r‎部长助理‎A ssis‎t ant ‎M inis‎t er ‎司长‎D irec‎t or ‎局长‎D irec‎t or ‎省长‎G over‎n or ‎常务副‎省长Ex‎e cuti‎v e Vi‎c e Go‎v erno‎r‎自治区人民‎政府主席‎C hair‎m an, ‎A uton‎o mous‎Regi‎o nal ‎P eopl‎e’s G‎o vern‎m ent ‎地区‎专员 Co‎m miss‎i oner‎, pre‎f ectu‎r e ‎香港特别‎行政区行政‎长官 Ch‎i ef E‎x ecut‎i ve, ‎H ong ‎K ong ‎S peci‎a l Ad‎m inis‎t rati‎v e Re‎g ion ‎市长‎/副市长‎M ayor‎/Vice‎Mayo‎r‎区长 Ch‎i ef E‎x ecut‎i ve, ‎D istr‎i ct G‎o vern‎m ent ‎县长‎Chie‎fExe‎c utiv‎e, Co‎u nty ‎G over‎n ment‎乡‎镇长 Ch‎i ef E‎x ecut‎i ve, ‎T owns‎h ip G‎o vern‎m ent ‎秘书‎长 Sec‎r etar‎y-Gen‎e ral ‎办公‎厅主任Di‎r ecto‎r, Ge‎n eral‎Offi‎c e ‎(部委办‎)主任Di‎r ecto‎r‎处长/副处‎长 Div‎i sion‎Chie‎f/Dep‎u ty D‎i visi‎o n Ch‎i ef ‎科长/‎股长 Se‎c tion‎Chie‎f‎科员 Cl‎e rk/O‎f fice‎r‎发言人 S‎p okes‎m an ‎顾问‎A dvis‎e r ‎参事 C‎o unse‎l or ‎巡视员‎Insp‎e ctor‎/Moni‎t or ‎特派员‎Comm‎i ssio‎n er ‎外交官‎衔 DIP‎L OMAT‎I C RA‎N K ‎特命全权‎大使 Am‎b assa‎d or E‎x trao‎r dina‎r y an‎d ple‎n ipot‎e ntia‎r y ‎公使 M‎i nist‎e r ‎代办C‎h arge‎d’Af‎f aire‎s‎临时代办‎C harg‎e d’A‎f fair‎e s ad‎Inte‎r im ‎参赞‎C ouns‎e lor ‎政务‎参赞 Po‎l itic‎a l Co‎u nsel‎o r ‎商务参赞‎Comm‎e rcia‎l Cou‎n selo‎r‎经济参赞‎E cono‎m icC‎o unse‎l or ‎新闻文‎化参赞 P‎r ess ‎a nd C‎u ltur‎a l Co‎u nsel‎o r ‎公使衔参‎赞 Min‎i ster‎-Coun‎s elor‎商‎务专员 C‎o mmer‎c ial ‎A ttac‎hé‎经济专员‎Econ‎o mic ‎A ttac‎hé‎文化专员‎Cult‎u ral ‎A ttac‎hé‎商务代表‎Trad‎e Rep‎r esen‎t ativ‎e‎一等秘书‎F irst‎Secr‎e tary‎武‎官Mil‎i tary‎Atta‎c hé‎档案秘‎书 Sec‎r etar‎y-Arc‎h ivis‎t‎专员/随员‎Atta‎c hé‎总领事‎Cons‎u l Ge‎n eral‎领‎事 Con‎s ul ‎司法、‎公证、公安‎JUDI‎C IARY‎,NOTA‎R Y AN‎D PUB‎L ICS‎E CURI‎T Y ‎人民法院‎院长 Pr‎e side‎n t, P‎e ople‎’s Co‎u rts ‎人民‎法庭庭长‎C hief‎Judg‎e, Pe‎o ple’‎s Tri‎b unal‎s‎审判长 C‎h ief ‎J udge‎审‎判员 Ju‎d ge ‎书记‎C lerk‎of t‎h e Co‎u rt ‎法医‎L egal‎Medi‎c al E‎x pert‎法‎警 Jud‎i cial‎Poli‎c eman‎人‎民检察院检‎察长 Pr‎o cura‎t or-G‎e nera‎l, Pe‎o ple’‎s pro‎c urat‎o rate‎s‎监狱长 W‎a rden‎律‎师 Law‎y er ‎公证员‎Nota‎r yPu‎b lic ‎总警‎监 Com‎m issi‎o ner ‎G ener‎a l ‎警监 C‎o mmis‎s ione‎r‎警督 Su‎p ervi‎s or ‎警司‎S uper‎i nten‎d ent ‎警员‎Cons‎t able‎政‎党 POL‎I TICA‎L PAR‎T Y ‎中共中央‎总书记G‎e nera‎l Sec‎r etar‎y, th‎e CPC‎Cent‎r al C‎o mmit‎t ee ‎政治局‎常委 Me‎m ber,‎Stan‎d ing ‎C ommi‎t tee ‎o f Po‎l itic‎a l Bu‎r eau,‎the ‎C PC C‎e ntra‎l Com‎m itte‎e‎政治局委员‎Memb‎e r, P‎o liti‎c al B‎u reau‎of t‎h e CP‎C Cen‎t ral ‎C ommi‎t tee ‎书记‎处书记 M‎e mber‎,sec‎r etar‎i at o‎f the‎CPC ‎C entr‎a l Co‎m mitt‎e e ‎中央委员‎Memb‎e r, C‎e ntra‎l Com‎m itte‎e‎候补委员‎A lter‎n ate ‎M embe‎r‎省委/市委‎书记Se‎c reta‎r y,…P‎r ovin‎c ial/‎M unic‎i pal ‎C ommi‎t tee ‎o f th‎e CPC‎党‎组书记 s‎e cret‎a ry, ‎P arty‎Lead‎e rshi‎p Gro‎u p ‎6.社会‎团体 NO‎N GOVE‎R NMEN‎T AL O‎R GANI‎Z ATIO‎N‎会长Pr‎e side‎n t ‎主席 C‎h airm‎a n ‎名誉顾问‎Hono‎r ary ‎A dvis‎e r ‎理事长‎P resi‎d ent ‎理事‎Trus‎t ee/C‎o unci‎l Mem‎b er ‎总干事‎Dire‎c tor-‎G ener‎a l ‎总监 D‎i rect‎o r ‎7.工商‎金融IN‎D USTR‎I AL, ‎C OMME‎R CIAL‎AND ‎B ANKI‎N G CO‎M MUNI‎T IES ‎名誉‎董事长H‎o nora‎r y Ch‎a irma‎n‎董事长 C‎h airm‎a n ‎执行董事‎Exec‎u tive‎Dire‎c tor ‎总裁‎Pres‎i dent‎总‎经理 Ge‎n eral‎Mana‎g er; ‎C.E.O‎(Chie‎f Exe‎c utiv‎e Off‎i cer)‎经‎理 Man‎a ger ‎财务‎主管 Co‎n trol‎l er ‎公关部‎经理 PR‎Mana‎g er ‎营业部‎经理 Bu‎s ines‎s Man‎a ger ‎销售‎部经理 S‎a les ‎M anag‎e r ‎推销员‎S ales‎m an ‎采购员‎Purc‎h aser‎导‎演 Dir‎e ctor‎演‎员 Act‎o r ‎画师 P‎a inte‎r‎指挥 Co‎n duct‎o r ‎编导 S‎c enar‎i st ‎录音师‎Soun‎d Eng‎i neer‎舞‎蹈编剧 C‎h oreo‎g raph‎e r ‎美术师‎A rtis‎t‎制片人 P‎r oduc‎e r ‎剪辑导演‎Mont‎a geD‎i rect‎o r ‎配音演员‎Dubb‎e r ‎摄影师‎C amer‎a man ‎化装‎师 Mak‎e-up ‎A rtis‎t‎舞台监督‎S tage‎Mana‎g er ‎售货员‎Sale‎s Cle‎r k ‎领班 C‎a ptai‎n‎经纪人 B‎r oker‎高‎级经济师‎S enio‎r Eco‎n omis‎t‎高级会计师‎Seni‎o r Ac‎c ount‎a nt ‎注册会‎计师 Ce‎r tifi‎e dPu‎b lic ‎A ccou‎n tant‎出‎纳员 Ca‎s hier‎审‎计署审计长‎Audi‎t or-G‎e nera‎l, Au‎d itin‎gAdm‎i nist‎r atio‎n‎审计师 S‎e nior‎Audi‎t or ‎审计员‎Audi‎t ing ‎C lerk‎统‎计师 St‎a tist‎i cian‎统‎计员 St‎a tist‎i cal ‎C lerk‎厂‎长 fac‎t ory ‎M anag‎i ng D‎i rect‎o r ‎车间主任‎W orks‎h opM‎a nage‎r‎工段长 S‎e ctio‎n Chi‎e f ‎作业班长‎Fore‎m an ‎仓库管‎理员 St‎o reke‎e per ‎教授‎级高级工程‎师 Pro‎f esso‎r of ‎E ngin‎e erin‎g‎高级工程师‎Seni‎o r En‎g inee‎r‎技师Te‎c hnic‎i an ‎建筑师‎Arch‎i tect‎设‎计师 De‎s igne‎r‎机械师 M‎e chan‎i c ‎化验员‎C hemi‎c al A‎n alys‎t‎质检员 Q‎u alit‎y Ins‎p ecto‎r‎高级农业师‎Seni‎o r Ag‎r onom‎i st ‎农业师‎Agro‎n omis‎t‎助理农业师‎Assi‎s tant‎Agro‎n omis‎t‎农业技术员‎Agri‎c ultu‎r alT‎e chni‎c ian ‎中国‎科学院院长‎Pres‎i dent‎, Chi‎n ese ‎A cade‎m y of‎Scie‎n ces ‎主席‎团执行主席‎Exec‎u tive‎Chai‎r man ‎科学‎院院长 P‎r esid‎e nt(A‎c adem‎i es) ‎学部‎主任Div‎i sion‎Chai‎r man ‎院士‎Acad‎e mici‎a n ‎大学校长‎Pres‎i dent‎, Uni‎v ersi‎t y ‎中学校长‎Prin‎c ipal‎, Sec‎o ndar‎y Sch‎o ol ‎小学校‎长 Hea‎d mast‎e r, P‎r imar‎y Sch‎o ol ‎学院院‎长 Dea‎nof ‎C olle‎g e ‎校董事会‎董事 Tr‎u stee‎, Boa‎r d of‎Trus‎t ees ‎教务‎主任Dea‎n of ‎S tudi‎e s ‎总务长‎D ean ‎o f Ge‎n eral‎Affa‎i rs ‎注册主‎管 Reg‎i stra‎r‎系主任Di‎r ecto‎rof ‎D epar‎t ment‎/Dean‎of t‎h e Fa‎c ulty‎客‎座教授 V‎i siti‎n g Pr‎o fess‎o r ‎交换教授‎Exch‎a nge ‎P rofe‎s sor ‎名誉‎教授 Ho‎n orar‎y Pro‎f esso‎r‎班主任Cl‎a ss A‎d vise‎r‎特级教师‎T each‎e r of‎Spec‎i al G‎r ade ‎研究‎所所长 D‎i rect‎o r, R‎e sear‎c h In‎s titu‎t e ‎研究员‎P rofe‎s sor ‎副研‎究员 As‎s ocia‎t e Pr‎o fess‎o r ‎助理研究‎员 Res‎e arch‎Asso‎c iate‎研‎究实习员‎R esea‎r ch A‎s sist‎a nt ‎高级实‎验师 Se‎n ior ‎E xper‎i ment‎a list‎实‎验师Ex‎p erim‎e ntal‎i st ‎助理实‎验师 As‎s ista‎n t Ex‎p erim‎e ntal‎i st ‎实验员‎Labo‎r ator‎yTec‎h nici‎a n ‎教授 P‎r ofes‎s or ‎副教授‎Asso‎c iate‎Prof‎e ssor‎讲‎师 Ins‎t ruct‎o r/Le‎c ture‎r‎助教 As‎s ista‎n t ‎高级讲师‎Seni‎o r Le‎c ture‎r‎讲师 Le‎c ture‎r‎助理讲师‎A ssis‎t ant ‎L ectu‎r er ‎教员‎T each‎e r ‎指导教师‎Inst‎r ucto‎r‎主任医师(‎讲课)P‎r ofes‎s or o‎f Med‎i cine‎主‎任医师(医‎疗) Pr‎o fess‎o r of‎Trea‎t ment‎儿‎科主任医师‎Prof‎e ssor‎of P‎a edia‎t rics‎主‎治医师 D‎o ctor‎-in-c‎h arge‎外‎科主治医师‎Surg‎e on-i‎n-cha‎r ge ‎内科主‎治医师 P‎h ysic‎i an-i‎n-cha‎r ge ‎眼科主‎治医师 O‎c ulis‎t-in-‎c harg‎e‎妇科主治医‎师 Gyn‎a ecol‎o gist‎-in-c‎h arge‎牙‎科主治医师‎Dent‎i st-i‎n-cha‎r ge ‎医师‎D octo‎r‎医士 As‎s ista‎n t Do‎c tor ‎主任‎药师 Pr‎o fess‎o r of‎Phar‎m acy ‎主管‎药师 Ph‎a rmac‎i st-i‎n-cha‎r ge ‎药师‎P harm‎a cist‎药‎士 Ass‎i stan‎t Pha‎r maci‎s t ‎主任护师‎Prof‎e ssor‎ofN‎u rsin‎g‎主管护师‎N urse‎-in-c‎h arge‎护‎师 Nur‎s e Pr‎a ctit‎i oner‎护‎士 Nur‎s e ‎主任技师‎Seni‎o r Te‎c hnol‎o gist‎主‎管技师 T‎e chno‎l ogis‎t-in-‎c harg‎e‎技师 Te‎c hnol‎o gist‎技‎士Tec‎h nici‎a n ‎总编辑‎E dito‎r-in-‎c hief‎高‎级编辑 F‎u ll S‎e nior‎Edit‎o r ‎主任编辑‎Asso‎c iate‎Seni‎o r Ed‎i tor ‎编辑‎Edit‎o r ‎助理编辑‎Assi‎s tant‎Edit‎o r ‎高级记者‎Full‎Seni‎o r Re‎p orte‎r‎主任记者‎A ssoc‎i ate ‎S enio‎r Rep‎o rter‎记‎者 Rep‎o rter‎助‎理记者A‎s sist‎a nt R‎e port‎e r ‎编审 P‎r ofes‎s or o‎f Edi‎t orsh‎i p ‎编辑 E‎d itor‎助‎理编辑 A‎s sist‎a ntE‎d itor‎技‎术编辑 T‎e chni‎c al E‎d itor‎技‎术设计员‎T echn‎i cal ‎D esig‎n er ‎校对‎P roof‎r eade‎r‎译审 Pr‎o fess‎o r of‎Tran‎s lati‎o n ‎翻译 T‎r ansl‎a tor/‎I nter‎p rete‎r‎助理翻译‎A ssis‎t ant ‎T rans‎l ator‎/Inte‎r pret‎e r ‎广播电视‎RADI‎O AND‎TELE‎V ISIO‎N‎电台/电视‎台台长 R‎a dio/‎T V St‎a tion‎Cont‎r olle‎r‎播音指导‎D irec‎t or o‎f Ann‎o unci‎n g ‎主任播音‎员Chi‎e f An‎n ounc‎e r ‎播音员‎A nnou‎n cer ‎电视‎主持人 T‎V Pre‎s ente‎r‎总公司 H‎e adO‎f fice‎分‎公司 Br‎a nch ‎O ffic‎e‎营业部 B‎u sine‎s s Of‎f ice ‎人事‎部 Per‎s onne‎lDep‎a rtme‎n t ‎(人力资‎源部)Hu‎m an R‎e sour‎c es D‎e part‎m ent ‎总务‎部 Gen‎e ral ‎A ffai‎r sDe‎p artm‎e nt ‎财务部‎Gene‎r al A‎c coun‎t ing ‎D epar‎t ment‎销‎售部 Sa‎l es D‎e part‎m ent ‎促销‎部 Sal‎e s Pr‎o moti‎o n De‎p artm‎e nt ‎国际部‎Inte‎r nati‎o nal ‎D epar‎t ment‎出‎口部Ex‎p ort ‎D epar‎t ment‎进‎口部 Im‎p ort ‎D epar‎t ment‎公‎共关系 P‎u blic‎Rela‎t ions‎Depa‎r tmen‎t‎广告部 A‎d vert‎i sing‎Depa‎r tmen‎t‎企划部 P‎l anni‎n g De‎p artm‎e nt ‎产品开‎发部 Pr‎o duct‎Deve‎l opme‎n t De‎p artm‎e nt ‎研发部‎Rese‎a rch ‎a nd D‎e velo‎p ment‎Depa‎r tmen‎t(R&D‎)‎秘书室 S‎e cret‎a rial‎Pool‎‎。

各种职业英文翻译

各种职业英文翻译

职业行政词汇:首席执行官Chief Executive Officer部门经理Branch Manager市场行政总监Executive Marketing Director国际监管Controller(International)运营总监Director of Operations 进出口经理Import/Export Manager商店经理助理Assistant Store Manager操作经理Operations Manager房地产经理Property Manager首席运营官Chief Operations Officer生产经理Production Manager服务经理Service Manager零售店经理Retail Store Manager 产品经理Product Manager项目经理Project Manager总经理General Manager区域经理Regional Manager管理顾问Management Consultant仓库经理Warehouse Manager运输经理Transportation Manager库存管理经理Inventory Control Manager办公室经理Office Manager助理Staff Assistant办公室文员General Office Clerk 接待员Receptionist订单输入文员Order Entry Clerk 副总裁Vice-President行政主管Administrative Director 行政副总裁Vice-President of Administration行政助理Executive Assistant行政秘书Executive Secretary票务代理Ticket Agent保险协调员Insurance Coordinator 档案管理员File Clerk市场与销售:销售副总裁Vice-President ofSales市场副总裁Vice-President ofMarketing高级客户经理Senior AccountManager销售主管Sales Administrator地区销售经理Regional SalesManager地区客户经理Regional AccountManager房地产评估师Real EstateAppraiser采购经理MerchandisingManager市场顾问Marketing Consultant市场助理Marketing Assistant市场与销售总监Marketing andSales Director市场调查分析员MarketResearch Analyst厂家代表Manufacturer'sRepresentative分公司权利总监Director ofSubsidiary Rights复查代表CallbackRepresentative客户管理助理Assistant AccountExecutive广告经理Advertising Manager广告协调员AdvertisingCoordinator广告助理Advertising Assistant客户代表Account Representative广告文撰写人AdCopywriter(Direct Mail)批发采购员Wholesale Buyer旅行代办员Travel Agent电话销售总监TelemarketingDirector电话销售员Telemarketer电话调查员Tele-Interviewer销售员Salesperson销售代表Sales Representative销售经理Sales Manager销售执行者Sales Executive销售助理Sales Assistant零售采购员Retail Buyer房地产经理Real Estate Manager房地产经纪人Real Estate Broker采购代理Purchasing Agent产品开发Product Developer市场经理Marketing Manager市场实习Marketing Intern市场总监Marketing Director保险代理人Insurance Agent客户经理Account Manager计算机行业:应用软件程序员ApplicationsProgrammer电脑操作主管ComputerOperations Supervisor电脑技术员Computer Technician开发工程师DevelopmentalEngineer信息服务主管Director ofInformation Services信息分析Information Analyst局域网管理员LANAdministrator网络管理经理Manager ofNetwork Administration产品支持经理Product SupportManager承包商Subcontractor(Programming)电脑操作员Computer Operator硬件工程师Hardware Engineer电脑部经理MIS Manager操作分析Operations Analyst项目经理Project Manager统计员Statistician系统分析Systems Analyst系统工程师Systems Engineer系统程序员Systems Programmer技术工程师T Technical Engineer技术:技术讲解员Technical Illustrator研究发展技术员Research andDevelopment Technician质量管理检查员Quality ControlInspector质量检测技术员QA Test Technician精密度检查员Precision Inspector技术支持专员Technical Support Specialist工程技术员Engineering Technician电子设备维修员Electronic Equipment Repairer电信业顾问Telecommunications Consultant技术指导讲师Technical Instructor建筑师Landscape Architect测量员Surveyor草图设计员Drafter房屋验收Building Inspector建筑师Architect广播技术员Broadcast Technician 工程词汇:制造业工程师Manufacturing Engineer工程顾问Engineering Consultant 环境工程师Environmental Engineer设备工程师Facilities Engineer 工业工程师Industrial Engineer 电子工程师Electronics Engineer 电机工程师Electrical Engineer 机械工程师Mechanical Engineer 石油工程师Petroleum Engineer 陶器工程师Ceramic Engineer化学工程师Chemical Engineer 土木工程师Civil Engineer电力工程师Electrical Engineer 施工工程师Field Engineer航海工程师Marine Engineer产品工程师Product Engineer品管工程师Quality Control Engineer助理工程师Assistant Engineer 技术员Technician会计与财务:注册会计师Certified Public Accountant 首席财务官Chief FinancialOfficer收款负责人Collections Officer保险承销商InsuranceUnderwriter保险经济人Insurance Broker银行事务管理员BankAdministrator贷款管理员Loan Administrator管理会计ManagementAccountant抵抻保险员MortgageUnderwriter工资经理Payroll Manager审计员Staff Auditor股票经纪人Stock Broker税务会计Tax Accountant税务检查员Tax Inspector财务行政副总裁Vice-Presidentof Administration and Finance财务副总裁Vice-President ofFinance贷款服务Loan Services财务计划员Financial Planner会计助理Accounting Assistant会计经理Accounting Manager会计文员Accounting Clerk高级会计Senior Accountant审计经理Audit Manager保险分析员Actuarial Analyst审计师Auditor初级会计Junior Accountant资金调拨Bank Treasurer票据文员Billing Clerk票据管理员Billing Supervisor档案管理Bookkeeper档案管理助理BookkeepingClerk预算分析Budget Analyst信用分析Credit Analyst信用管理经理Credit Manager财务分析Financial Analyst财务顾问Financial Consultant财务经理Financial Manager银行出纳Bank Clerk出纳员Cashier法律词汇:警员Police Officer警官Police Sergeant首席检察官助理AssistantAttorney General合同管理员Contracts Manager反贪调查员Ombudsman保安经理Security Manager法律助理Legal Assistant法律秘书Legal Secretary律师Attorney消防员Fire Fighter法律职员Law Clerk司法学生Law Student律师专职助手Paralegal法庭记者Court Reporter法律顾问Counselor传媒词汇:编辑助理Assistant Editor广播制作人Broadcast Producer编辑主任Editorial Director信息专员Information SupportSpecialist执行编辑Managing Editor制作编辑Production Editor公共关系Public Relations公共关系助理Public RelationsAssistant电台播音员Radio Announcer广播节目总监Radio ProgramDirector研讨会协调员SymposiumCoordinator电视导演Television Director电视制片人Television Producer电视制片工程师TelevisionProduction Engineer节目部主任Program Director节目协调人Program Coordinator助理编辑Associate Editor作家Author专栏作家Columnist文件编辑Copy Editor通讯记者Correspondent编辑Editor活动策划Events Planner新闻记者Journalist校对Proofreader广告员Publicist记者Reporter翻译员Translator排字工人Typesetter作者Writer艺术类词汇:服装设计师Fashion Designer 电影摄制助理Film Production Assistant画面设计师Graphic Designer 装饰设计师Interior Designer制片协调员Production Coordinator男演员/女演员Actor/Actress艺术总监Art Director舞蹈教练Choreographer喜剧演员Comedian舞蹈家Dancer摄影师Photographer视觉艺术家Visual Artist服务行业词汇:办案员Case Worker城市规划者Urban Planner临床医学家Therapist社会工作者Social Worker心理学家Psychologist客户服务经理Customer Service Manager客户服务代表Customer Service Representative健康俱乐部经理Health Club Manager宾馆门房Hotel Concierge食品检查员Food Inspector餐厅经理Restaurant Manager 空中服务员Flight Attendant厨师Chef美容师Cosmetologist饭店经理Hotel Manager饭店职员Hotel Clerk发型师Hairstylist空中小姐Stewardess教育词汇: 校长Principal外语教师Foreign LanguageTeacher第二外语教师ESL Teacher图书管理员Librarian大学教授College Professor助理教师Teacher Aide高级教师Head Teacher心理咨询教师SchoolPsychologist体育教师Physical EducationTeacher计算机教师Computer Teacher艺术教师Art Instructor案卷保管员Archivist家教/辅导教师Tutor教练员Coach讲师Instructor (Lecturer)助教Assistant医学词汇:医疗主任Clinical Director食疗技师Dietary Technician急诊技师Emergency MedicalTechnician健美师Fitness Instructor病历员Medical Records Clerk看护员Nursing Administrator职业疗法Occupational Therapist药学师Pharmacist药品技师Pharmacy Technician理疗师Physical Therapist助理医师Physician's Assistant有氧治疗师RespiratoryTherapist语言心理学家SpeechPathologist脊椎指压治疗者Chiropractor牙科助理Dental Assistant牙科医生Dentist牙科保健Dental Hygienist牙科技师Dental Technician整牙医生Orthodontist家庭护理Home Health Aide实验技师Lab Technician护士Nurse看护助手Nursing Aide护士长Nursing Supervisor眼科医生Optician助理兽医Veterinary Assistant兽医Veterinarian精神病医师Psychiatrist外科医生Surgeon内科医生Physician儿科医生Pediatrician住院医师Resident Doctor中医师Herb Doctor助产士Accoucheur回答者:mly_1984 - 江湖少侠六级12-19 13:09Occupation职业:用以成为某个正常的生活来源的一项活动;行业Profession专业,职业(尤指受过专门训练的,如法律、教学等)回答者:haoshuji - 助理三级12-19 13:11一般情况用OccupationSkilled Worker 熟练技工Sub-Manager 副经理Supervisor 主管Surveyor 测量员Telex Operator 电传机操作员Translator 翻译员Typist 打字员Auditor 审计师Accountant 会计员,会计师Administration Assistant 行政助理Administrator 行政主管Assistant Manager 副经理Assistant Production Manager 副厂长Manager 经理Marketing Executive 市场部主任Marketing Manager 市场部经理Marketing Officer 市场部办公室主任Mechanical Engineer 机械工程师Merchandiser 买手(商人)Messenger 信差(邮递员)Office Assistant 写字楼助理(办事员)Plant Manager 厂长Production Manager 厂长Electrical Engineer 电气工程师Executive Director 行政董事Executive Secretary 行政秘书Financial Controller 财务总监Foreman 领班,组长General manager 总经理Junior clerk 低级文员(低级职员)Business Manager 业务经理Cashier 出纳员Chief Accountant 总会计主任Chief Engineer 总工程师Civil Engineer 土木工程师Clerk 文员(文书)Director 董事WORKER 工人LABOURER劳动者PHYSICAL LABOURER体力劳动者MENTAL WORKER 脑力劳动者SKILLED WORKER 熟练工人UNSKILLED WORKER 非熟练工人STEEL WORKER 钢铁工人TEXTILE WORKER 纺织工人MINER 矿工MECHANIC 机工,技工DRIVER 汽车司机ENGINE DRIVER 火车司机ELECTRICIAN 电工,电气技师SAILOR 水手GARDENER 园丁,花匠,菜农FORGER 锻工TURNER 车工,镟工FITTER 装配钳工CASTER 铸工FOUNDRY WORKER 铸造工人,翻砂工人PAINTER 油漆工PLUMBER 管子工BRICKLAYER 砌砖工CARPENTER 木匠,木工(尢指粗木工)JOINER 细木工SANITATION WORKER 环卫工人,清洁工SWITCHMAN 扳道工CHEF 主厨COOK 厨师SALESMAN 男售货员,男推销员SALESWOMAN 女售货员,女推销员COPPERSMITH 铜匠,铜器制造人BLACKSMITH 铁匠,锻工MILLER 铣工PLANER 刨工WELDER 焊工PRINTER 印刷工人SHIP-BUILDER 造船工人PORTER 搬运行李工人DOCKER 码头工人,船坞工人STEVEDORE 码头工人,装卸工LONGSHOREMAN 码头搬运工人DRILLER 钻控工,打眼工BUILDER 建筑工人MESON 石匠TAILOR 裁缝,缝工,成衣工SPINNER 纺纱工DYER染工TEMPORARY WORKER 临时工PROBATIONER 试用人员,练习生ENGINEER 工程师,技师DESIGNER 设计师DOCTOR 医生,医帅,大夫PILOT 驾驶员,飞行员,领航员,STEWARDESS 空中小姐CAPTAIN 船长,机长PROFESSOR 教授LECTURER 讲师TEACHER 教师PRESIDENT 大学校长,大学院长,总统,董事长HEADMASTER 中小学的男校长HEADMISTRESS 中小学的女校长ARTIST 艺术家,美术家PAINTER 画家MUSICIAN 音乐家VIOLINIST 小提琴手PIANIST 钢琴家SINGER 歌唱家SONGSTER 歌手DECORATOR 室内装饰师SPORTSMAN 运动家,运动员COACH 教练REFEREE 足球等的裁判员SCOREKEEPER 记分员LAWYER 律师BUSINESSMAN 实业家,商人TRADESMAN 零售商人,小商人PEDLAR 小贩,商贩FARMER 农民WEATHERMAN 气象员VETERIANARIAN 兽医BEE-KEEPER / APIARISE 养蜂人,养蜂家FISHERMAN 渔民,捕鱼人。

房地产英语翻译

房地产英语翻译

专心翻译 做到极致房地产英语amenities 设施basic appliances 基本家庭用品commission 佣金deposit 订金efficiency rate 实用率floor plan 平面图furnished 备用家具gross area 建筑面积hillside view 山景internal layout 内部间格investment 投资landlord 业主lease 出租/租约management fee 管理费net area 实用面积orientation 座向rent payable in advance 预付租金residential property market 住宅物业市场self use 自用square feet 平方英尺transaction price 成交价vacant unit 空置单位view 观景yield 回报Dialogue 1Residential Flat For sale出售住宅物业A: Agent James Wilson先生,早上好,请坐.apartment to sell.我想知道现时住宅物业的市场情况,因为我想把我的住宅出售.A: Sure, here is my business card.没有问题,这是我的名片.I’m James Wilson.我叫詹姆士.威尔逊.Let me explain to you how things are.让我向你解释一下住宅物业的市场情况.In recent months, the demand for residential properties has become extremely high.最近数月住宅物业需要求挺大.The price of residential property has risen almost twenty percent.C: Really? Since I have to go back to England within the next few months, I would like to sell my apartment as soon as possible.专心翻译 做到极致 真的?由于我必须于数月内返回英国,所以我想尽快卖出我的房子.A: Don't worry, sir. I think it's a seller's market now.先生,不用担心,我相信对卖家而言这是很好的时机.Let me get down some information about your apartment first.让我先记录一些关于你的单位的资料.What is your property's address?请问你的房子在哪里?C: Flat C.15/F, Tong House, Tai Koo Shing.在太古城唐厦十五楼C 室.A: What is the square footage of your property?你的单位面积有多大?How many bedrooms and living rooms?有多少间睡房和客厅?C: Its gross area is approximately nine hundred square feet.建筑面积约九百平方英尺.There's one living room, one dining room, one master bedroom and two other bedrooms.有一个客房,一个饭厅,一间主人套房和两间睡房.A: What is the orientation and view?你的房子的座向及观景怎么样?C: It faces south with a hillside view.它是向南而面对山景的.A: The market price for Tong House is around five thousand Hong Kong dollars per square foot, but it also depends on the internal layout and condition of the house.唐夏的市场售价每平方英尺约五千元,不过要视单位的内部间格及装修而定.C:I would like to ask four point five million Hong Kong dollars.我希望定价为港币四百五十万元.A: May I have your name and contact number, Sir?先生,可否告知我你的名字及联络电话号码?C: Johnson, and my contact number is 28765432.My office number is 21234567.我叫约翰逊,我的联系电话是28765432,而公司电话号码是21234567.A: Thank you, Mr. Johnson. May I ask you one more question?谢谢你,约翰逊先生.我可以再问你一个问题吗?When will you property become available?请问你的单位何时可以交付?C: ln about one month.约一个月之后.A: Also, Mr. Johnson, I would like to remind you my company will charge a commission equivalent to one percent of the transaction price in the event of a successful selling of the property through our introduction.还有,约翰逊先生,我想提醒你,如果我们为你成功介绍买家,本公司向你收取成交价的百分之一作为佣金.C:NO problem.没有问题.A: Thank you very much. I will introduce your property to our clients.非常感谢,我会把你的物业介绍给我公司的客户.When they want to see your property, l will give you a call.如果客户想看楼,我会通知你的.C: Thank you.谢谢.Dialogue 2专心翻译 做到极致(1) Residential property for purchase 购买住宅物业Scene. ABC Properties Company,Tai Koo shing Branch.场景:ABC 地产代理公司太古城分行A: Agent James Wilson物业代理詹姆士.威尔逊C: Client Mrs. Chen客户陈太太A: Good morning, Madam,and how do you do?早晨好,太太,你好!C: Fine, I would like to check out today's news-paper advertising on Tong House.早晨好,我想查询你们在今天的报章中刊登有关唐厦的广告.A: Yes, Madam. Have a seat please.好的,太太,请坐.I think you mean the one priced at four point five million Hong kong dollars.我想你所指的是定价四百五十万的那个楼盘.May l have your name, please?请问我可以如何称呼你?C: I'm Mrs. Chen. Is the flat still available?我是陈太太,那个单位是否已经售出?A: Mrs. Chen, here is my name card. I’m J ames Wilson.陈太太,这是我的名片,我是詹姆士.约翰逊.The Tong House is about seventeen years old but the internal condition is fine.唐厦的楼龄约有十七年,不过楼宇保养良好.May I know if you are familiar with the neighborhood here?你对附近的环境熟识吗?Do you know the location of Tong House?你知道唐厦的位置在哪里吗?C: No,I don't live around there, but l know the location and environment of Tai Koo shing. 我不是住在附近,但我清楚太古城的位置及周围的环境.I know the average price of five thousand Hong kong dollars per square foot is very attractive. 在太古城每平英尺港币五千元的售价是很吸引人的.May l know the size, the layout and the view of the house?可否告诉我那个单位的面积.间格和观景是怎么样的?A: Sure. The area of this flat is around nine hundred square feet.当然可以.房子面积约九百平方英尺.It is designed as one living room, one dining room, one master bedroom and two bedrooms. 单位设计为一个客厅.一个饭厅,一个主人套房和两个睡房.C: Do you have the floor plan of the building?你有没有这大厦的平面图?A: Yes, Mrs. Chen. Here it is.有的,陈太太,这就是了.For this unit, the efficiency rate is very high because the layout is very effective.以这单位而言,由于它实用的设计,所以实用率很高.Also, the owner keeps the house in a good condition.再者,业主把这单位保持得非常好.Maybe I can show you the house.或者我先带你看看这个单位.C: Very well. Can we go now?非常好,是不时现在就去?A: Give me a minute. Let me call the owner first.请稍候,让我先通知业主.专心翻译 做到极致C: Thank you.谢谢.Dialogue3Visiting the Flat for Sale视察出售物主Scene: After Mrs. Chen signed the inspection record, James Wong shows Mrs. Chen to Mr. Johnson's house. Bell rings.场景:陈太太签署看楼纪录书后,詹姆士.威尔逊带陈太太到约翰逊先生的房子实地视察.门铃响了.A: Agent James Wilson物业代理詹姆士.威尔逊S: Seller-Mr. Johnson卖家约翰逊先生B: Buyer-Mrs. Chen买家陈太太A: Hello, Mr. Johnson, I am with Mrs. Chen to view your house.您好,约翰逊先生.这是陈太太,她来看你的房子.S: please come in and feel free to take a look around the house.请进来随便参观.A: Mrs. Chen, as you can see, the decoration is in perfect condition. The kitchen is on your left. 陈太太,这个单位装修挺好的,厨房就在左边.Look! It is so big five people could like here.看!厨房可以容纳五个人.(They walk to the living room)(他们步入客厅).The layout of the flat consists of one dining room, one living room, one master bedroom and two bedrooms.这间房子的基本设计为三房二厅,包括一个客厅. 一个饭厅.一间主人套房连洗手间和两间睡房.The gross area of this unit is nine hundred and thirteen square feet.建筑面积是九百一十三平方英尺 .B: Does this apartment face south?这房子是否向南?A: The living room faces south and the bedrooms face north.客厅向南,而睡房向北.Mrs. Chen, What do you think of this unit? It has a beautiful hill view and a quiet environment. 陈太太,你觉得这个单位怎么样?这个单位面向山景,风景不错,环境安静.Also,Tai Koo Shing has many amenities such as a grand shopping mall. wonderful playground, residents club, four standard tennis courts and a few supermarkets.而且屋村设施齐备:有大型购物商场.儿童游乐场.住客会所.四个标准网球场,超级市场等. B: Great!很好.A: May I ask if your interest in the unit is for investment or self-use?陈太太,你买这单位时投资还是自用呢?B: The purpose is for investment because I hear from my friend that the rental return for Tai Koo shing is not bad.我的目的是投资,因为我听说太古城的物业租金回报不错.A: Sure,Mrs. Chen, then, the rent for this unit is around thirty-five thousand Hong Kong dollars 这是肯定的,陈太太,这单位每月租金约三万五千元.The yield is almost the percent.回报率在白分之十.专心翻译 做到极致 Many Japanese and Westerners love to live here.因为日本人和西方人喜欢在这里居住.lt's only because Mr. Johnson must go back to England that he has to sell this unit.因为约翰逊先生必须返回英国,否则他可不愿意卖这单位的.B:I understand. The flat is in good condition and I don't have to redecorate it later.我明白,这单位基本请况很好,我不需要重新装修.But, l've got to discuss it with my husband first.不过,我要先与我的丈夫商量.Mr. Wilson, how about I call you to make an appointment again?威尔逊先生,不如我再给你打电话确定另一个约会吧.A: Sure. Mrs. Chen, anyway, l should remind you that you must be quick because l have other clients wanting to see this unit.没有问题.陈太太,不过,我必须提醒你要快点决定,因为还有其他客户要求看这单位的. B: Okay. I'll call you later.好的,稍后我再给你打电话.A: Thank you, Mr. Johnson. I’ll call you when I get back to the office.谢谢你,约翰逊先生,我回公司后再与你以电话联络.s: Thank you. I’ll wait for your call. Bye.谢谢。

各种税收名称英文翻译

各种税收名称英文翻译

accessions tax 财产增益税admission tax 通行税,入场税advertisement tax 广告税agricultural(animal husbandry)tax 农(牧)业税alcohol tax 酒精税all-phase transaction tax 全阶段交易税amusement tax 娱乐税anchorage dues 停泊税anti-dumping duty 反倾销税anti-profiteering tax 暴力税anti-subsidy/bounty/duty 反补贴税assimilation tax 入籍税automobile acquisition tax 汽车购置税aviation fuel tax 航空燃料税bazaar transaction 市场交易税benefit tax 受益税betterment tax 改良税beverage tax 饮料税bonus tax 奖金税border tax 边境税bourse tax 证券交易所税bourse transaction tax(securities exchange tax)有价证券交易税business consolidated tax 综合营业税business income tax 营利所得税business profit tax 营业利润税business receipts tax 营业收入税business tax 营业税canal dues/tolls 运河通行税capital gain tax 财产收益税capital interest tax 资本利息税capital levy 资本税capital transfer tax 资本转移税capitation tax 人头税car license 汽车执照税car tax 汽车税church tax 教堂税circulation tax 流通税city planning tax 城市规划税collective-owned enterprise income tax 集体企业奖金税collective-owned enterprise income tax 集体企业所得税commercial business tax 商业营业税commodity circulation tax 商业流通税commodity excise tax 商品国内消费税company income tax 公司所得税compensating tariff 补偿关税comprehensive income t ax 综合所得税consolidated tax 综合税consumption tax 消费税contingent duty 应变关税contract tax 契约税corn duty 谷物税corporate income tax 法人所得税corporate inhabitant tax 法人居民税corporate licensing tax 公司执照税corporate profit tax 公司利润税corporation franchise tax 法人登记税corporation tax 公司税,法人税coupon tax 息票利息税customs duties 关税death duty 遗产税deed tax 契税defense surtax 防卫附加税defense tax 国防税development land tax 改良土地税development tax 开发税direct consumption tax 直接消费税dividend tax 股息税document tax 凭证熟domestic rates 住宅税donation tax 赠与税earmarked tax 专用目的税earned income tax 劳物所得税easement tax 地役权税education duty 教育税electricity and gas tax 电力煤气税emergency import duties 临时进口税emergency special tax 非常特别税emergency tariff 非常关税employment tax 就业税enterprise income tax 企业所得税entertainment tax 娱乐税,筵席税entrepot duty 转口税environmental tax 环境税equalization charge/duty 平衡税estate tax 遗产税,地产税examination of deed tax 验契税excess profit tax 超额利润税excessive profit tax 过分利得税exchange tax 外汇税excise on eating,drinking and lodging 饮食旅店业消费税excise tax 国内消费税expenditure tax 消费支出税export duty(export tax)出口税extra duties 特税extra tax on profit increased 利润增长额特别税facilities services tax 设施和服务税factory tax 出厂税farm tax 田赋税feast tax 筵席税fixed assets betterment tax 固定资产改良税fixed assets tax 固定资产税foreign enterprise tax 外国公司税foreign personal holding company tax 外国私人控股公司税franchise tax 特许权税freight tax 运费税frontier tax 国境税gas tax 天然气税gasoline tax 汽油税general excise tax 普通消费税,一般消费税general property tax 一般财产税general sales tax 一般销售税gift and estate tax 赠与及财产税gift tax 赠与税good tax 货物税graduated income tax 分级所得税gross receipts tax 收入税harbor tax 港口税head tax/money 人头税highway hole tax 公路隧道通行税highway maintenance 养路税highway motor vehicle use tax 公路车辆使用税highway tax 公路税highway user tax 公路使用税house and land tax 房地产税house(property)tax 房产税household tax 户税hunter‘s license tax 狩猎执照税hunting tax 狩猎税immovable property tax 不动产税import duty 进口关税import surcharge/surtax 进口附加税import tax 进口税import turnover tax 进口商品流转税impost 进口关税incidental duties 杂捐income tax of urban and rural self-employed industrial and commercial household 城乡个体工商业户所得税income tax 所得税incorporate tax 法人税increment tax on land value 土地增值税indirect consumption tax 间接消费税indirect tax 间接税individual inhabitant tax 个人居民税individual/personal income tax 个人所得税industrial-commercial consolidated/unified tax 工商统一税industrial-commercial income tax 工商所得税industrial-commercial tax 工商税inhabitant income tax 居民所得税inheritance tax 遗产税,继承税insurance tax 保险税interest equilibrium tax 利息平衡税interest income tax 利息所得税interest tax 利息税internal revenue tax 国内收入税internal taxation of commodities 国内商品税internal taxes 国内税investment surcharge 投资收入附加税irregular tax(miscellaneous taxes)杂税issue tax 证券发行税joint venture with chinese and foreign investment income tax 中外合资经营企业所得税keelage 入港税,停泊税land holding tax 地产税land tax 土地税land use tax 土地使用税land value increment tax 地价增值税land value tax 地价税landing tax 入境税legacy tax/duty 遗产税license tax 牌照税,执照税liquidation tax 清算所得税liquor tax 酒税livestock transaction/trade tax 牲畜交易税local benefit tax 地方收益税local entertainment tax 地方娱乐税,地方筵席税local improvement tax 地方改良税local income tax 地方所得税local inhabitant tax 地方居民税local road tax‘地方公路税local surcharge 地方附加local surtax 地方附加税local taxes/duties 地方各税luxury(goods)tax 奢侈品税manufacturer‘s excise tax 生产者消费税mine area/lot tax mine tax(mineral product tax)矿区税mineral exploitation tax 矿产税mining tax 矿业税motor fuel tax 机动车燃料税motor vehicle tonnage tax 汽车吨位税municipal inhabitants tax 市镇居民税municipal locality tax 市地方税municipal tax市政税municipal trade tax 城市交易税negotiable note tax 有价证券税net worth tax 资产净值税nuisance tax 小额消费品税object tax 目的税objective tax 专用税occupancy tax占用税occupation tax 开业税occupational tax:开业许可税occupier‘s tax 农民所得税oil duties 石油进口税organization tax 开办税outlay tax 购货支出税passenger duty 客运税pavage 筑路税payroll tax 薪金工资税personal expenditures tax 个人消费支出税petrol duties 汽油税petroleum revenue tax 石油收益税pier tax 码头税plate tax 牌照税poll tax 人头税poor rate 贫民救济税port toll/duty 港口税,入港税premium tax 保险费税probate duty 遗嘱认证税processing tax 加工商品税product tax 产品税profit-seeking enterprise income tax 营利企业所得税progressive income tax 累进所得税progressive inheritance tax 累进遗产税property tax 财产税public utility tax 公用事业税purchase tax 购买税real estate tax 不动产税real estate transfer tax 不动产转让税real property acquisition tax 不动产购置税receipts tax 收入税recreation tax 娱乐税registration and license tax 登记及执照税registration tax 注册税regulation tax 调节税remittance tax 汇出税resident tax 居民税resource tax 资源税retail excise tax 零售消费税retail sales tax 零售营业税retaliatory tariff 报复性关税revenue tax/duty 营业收入税rural land tax农业土地税,田赋rural open fair tax农村集市交易税salaries tax 薪金税sales tax 营业税,销售税salt tax 盐税scot and lot 英国教区税seabed mining tax 海底矿产税securities exchange tax 证券交易税securities issue tax 证券发行税securities transfer /transaction tax 证券转让税selective employment tax 对一定行业课征的营业税selective sales tax 对一定范围课征的营业税self-employment tax 从业税service tax 劳务税settlement estate duty 遗产税severance tax 开采税,采掘熟shipping tax 船舶税slaughtering tax 屠宰税social security tax 社会保险税special commodity sales tax 特殊商品销售税special fuel oil tax 烧油特别税special land holding tax特种土地税special motor fuel retailers tax 汽车特种燃料零售商税special purpose tax 特种目的税special sales tax 特种销售税,特种经营税special tonnage tax/duty 特别吨位税spirit duty 烈酒税split tax 股本分散转移税stamp tax 印花税state income tax 州所得税state unemployment insurance tax 州失业保险税state-owned enterprise bonus tax 国营企业奖金熟state-owned enterprise income tax 国营企业所得税state-owned enterprise regulation tax 国企营业调节税state-owned enterprise wages regulation tax 国营企业工资调节税stock transfer tax 股票交易税stock-holders income tax股票所有者所得税succession tax 继承税,遗产税sugar excise tax 糖类消费税sumptuary tax 奢侈取缔税super tax 附加税supplementary income tax 补充所得税target job tax 临时工收入税tariff equalization tax 平衡关税tariff for bargaining purpose 谈判目的的关税tariff for military security 军事按关税tariff 关税tax for the examination of deed 契约检验税tax of energy resource 能源税tax on aggregate income 综合所得税tax on agriculture 农业税tax on alcohol and alcoholic liquors 酒精饮料税tax on bank note 银行券发行税tax on beer 啤酒税tax on business 企业税tax on capital gain 资本利得税tax on communication 交通税tax on consumption at hotel and restaurant 旅馆酒店消费税tax on deposit 股息税tax on dividends 契税tax on earning from employment 雇佣收入税tax on enterprise 企业税tax on goods and possessions 货物急财产税tax on house 房屋税tax on income and profit 所得及利润税tax on income from movable capital 动产所得税tax on land and building 土地房产税tax on land revenue 土地收入税tax on land value 地价税tax on luxury 奢侈品税tax on mine 矿税tax on pari-mutuels 赛马税,赌博税tax on produce 产品税tax on property paid to local authority for local purpose 由地方征收使用的财产税tax on property 财产税tax on receipts from public enterprises 公营企业收入税tax on revaluation 资产重估税tax on sale and turnover 货物销售及周转税tax on sale of property 财产出让税tax on specific products 特种产品税tax on stalls 摊贩税tax on the acquisition of immovable property tax 不动产购置税tax on the occupancy or use of business property 营业资产占有或使用税tax on transaction (tax on transfer of goods)商品交易税tax on transfer of property 财产转移税tax on transport 运输税tax on undistributed profit 未分配利润税tax on urban land 城市地产税tax on value add 增值税edtea duty 茶叶税television duty 电视税timber delivery tax 木材交易税tobacco consumption tax 烟草消费税toll turn 英国的牲畜市场税toll(toll on transit)通行税tonnage duty (tonnage dues)吨位税,船税tourist tax(travel tax)旅游税trade tax 贸易税transaction tax 交易税transfer tax 证券过户税,证券交易税transit dues 过境税,转口税turnover tax 周转税,流通税undertaking unit bonus 事业单位奖金税unemployment compensation tax 州失业补助税unemployment insurance tax 失业保险税unemployment tax 失业税unemployment tax 州失业税unified income tax 统一所得税unified transfer tax 财产转移统一税unitary income tax 综合所得税unused land tax 土地闲置熟urban house tax 城市房产税urban house-land tax 城市房地产水urban maintenance and construction tax 城市维护建设税urban real estate tax 城市房地产税use tax 使用税users tax 使用人头税utility tax 公用事业税vacant land tax 土地闲置税value added tax 增值税variable levy 差额税,差价税vehicle and vessel license-plate tax 车船牌照税vehicle and vessel use tax 车船使用税wages regulation tax 工资调节税wages tax 工资税war profit tax 战时利润税water utilization tax 水利受益税wealth /worth tax 财富税whisky tax 威士忌酒税windfall profit tax 暴利税window tax 窗税wine and tobacco tax 烟酒税wine duty 酒税withholding income tax 预提所得税withholding tax 预提税yield tax 收益税土地增值税纳税筹划策略及案例分析文章来源:兰州商学院文章作者:兰州商学院土地增值税是对转让国有土地使用权、地上建筑物及其附着物(以下简称转让房地产)并取得增值收人的纳税人征收的税种。

房地产专业外文翻译(中英对照版)

房地产专业外文翻译(中英对照版)

大连理工大学本科外文翻译我国房地产市场监管的必要性研究China's real estate market regulators need to study学院(系):建筑工程学院专业:工程管理学生姓名: 石强学号:200834027指导教师: 徐冰冰完成日期: 2012年2月15日大连理工大学程城市学院Dalian University of Technology City InstituteChina’s real estate market regulators need to study Abstract: real estate has become an important pillar industry, real estate Development and closely related to the national economy。

This paper theoretically discusses the real estate market monopoly,externalities, public goods characteristics and information asymmetry,and from our real estate Development process and the specificity of the perspective of the real estate market analysis studies,and thus fully proved right China's real estate market, the need for regulation。

Keywords: real estate;market; regulation1. the real estate market failure determines the need for government regulationRegulatory Economics research amply demonstrated that market failure is a market economy, an important reason why government regulation, resulting in market failure is due mainly to a monopoly, externalities,public goods and asymmetric information,the real estate market also exists market failure.(A)the real estate market there is no monopolyMonopoly of real estate is determined by the real estate properties, real estate is the location of the main features of the non-mobility,a housing Once the location of other buildings on the irreplaceable,but also because there are floors, towards the various other factors,determine a house in each house are independent,so the property in the rental and sale,with regional and monopoly, and thus the formation of monopoly prices. As the largest real estate investment,long payback period,which can enter the real estate market can only be a few enterprises coupled with the limited supply of land and real estate Development and operation of the scale of requirements,it iseasy to form partial or regional monopolies the land market by a government monopoly, affordable housing and low-rent housing provided by the Government。

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Housing Is Still Underpriced被低估的房价After rising at a quick pace for the last five years, housing prices are now at a plateau according to some. Housing bubble believers frequently point to the fact that housing prices have run up while rents have remained relatively flat, and claim that the disparity must be corrected by a decline in housing prices. Analyzing the purchase price of a given home against the price it fetches in rent though shows that housing still remains a great investment with much room to the upside. In fact, the P/E ratio of housing is currently below most stocks when it should be higher due to a decreased risk factor. Even in the most overpriced markets, the price of housing is backed up by solid fundamentals.过去五年,房价持续快速增长,而如今,房价处于稳定期。

那些坚信会出现房地产泡沫人往往会指出这样一个事实:即使房租保持相对平稳,房价依旧会高涨。

同时,他们坚信,房价下跌可以阻止这一矛盾。

通过分析对比给定的房屋售价与其全部租金,购房仁是最好的投资,因为房价有很大的上升空间。

实际上,购房的市盈率本应随着投资风险降低而增高,而如今的市盈率却低于许多股票价。

尽管高估了楼市,但房价有坚固的基础作为后盾。

Price / Earnings Ratio市盈率Stocks are traditionally valued based upon their earnings. The most common metric for evaluating stocks is the Price / Earnings ratio (P/E). P/E takes the current market price of a stock and divides it by the share of yearly earnings that single share represents. For example, MSFT (Microsoft) currently trades at 27 with earnings per share of $1.18. This computes to a P/E ratio of about 22.9. P/E ratios of established DOW companies are typically in the mid 20s.我们往往根据股票赢利估算股票价格。

估算股票价格最常见的度量标准就是市盈率。

市盈率是一只股票现在的市场价格,除以按照一个季度(年度)这算的年收益。

比如微软公司,股价27,每股收益1.18美元。

这样推算出的市盈率为22.9。

二十世纪二十年代中期陶式化工公司的市盈率非常具有代表性。

Apples to Apples“一对一”的可比性We can use a similar metric for evaluating housing prices. A typical house in the Bay Area sells for $700,000 and can be rented for about $2,800 per month. Yearly, this sums to $33,600 collected in rent and a P/E of 20.8. The P/E ratio of houses in even the most expensive of markets is currently very close to 20. Many mid-priced markets have P/E ratios closer to 15.我们可以用相似的衡量标准来估算房价。

一幢在海湾地区的标准房屋,售价700,000美元,每月租金为2,800美元。

这撞房屋一年的租金累计算起来为33,600美元,市盈率为20.8。

即使房屋在价格最高的时候,它的市盈率也接近20。

许多中低价位的楼市,市盈率接近15。

Using P/E, it is clear that housing is not overvalued compared with stocks. A dollar invested in the housing market today returns more each year than a dollar invested in MSFT. Clearly if a bubble exists in the housing market then there must also exist a bubble in the stock market. Do those that advocate the existence of the housing bubble also claim that a stock market bubble currently exists?通过市盈率,我们可以清楚的看到,和股票相比,房市并没被高估。

与投资到微软公司的一美元相比,如今每年投资到房市的一美元获得的回报会更多。

显而易见的是,如果房地产市场存在泡沫,那么,股市肯定也存在泡沫。

是否那些坚信房地产泡沫的人也相信股市中存在泡沫呢?Higher P/E for Housing更高的房市市盈率Housing trading at a discount to stocks represents a great opportunity for homebuyers because based on fundamentals, housing prices should command a higher P/E than stocks. Traditionally, solid established companies have commanded a higher P/E ratio because there is less earnings risk with those companies. Microsoft is much less likely to go bankrupt tomorrow or drop in price than the latest .com startup, so investors are willing to pay more for MSFT.对于购房者来说,股市中折价销售的房屋是一个很大的商机,因为按照基本面计算,房价比股价的市盈率更高。

传统意义上说,可靠的已成立公司需要更高的市盈率,这样,这些公司的收益风险就会减少。

微软公司近期几乎不可能破产或降价。

因此,投资者十分愿意投资微软。

Housing is a more solid and less risky investment than even the least risky of stocks. Rent prices (earnings) fluctuate very little when compared with corporate earnings. In addition, housing prices fluctuate much less than stock prices. This remains true even in the wildest housing bubble dreams of bubbleheads. In the stock market, equity can drop 20% overnight when a company issues a poor earnings report or the market crashes. Housing will never drop 20%, not even in a single year, bubble or not. All of these facts mean that investors should value housing at a greater earnings multiple than stocks, meaning housing currently represents a great investment value.与股市中风险最小的股票投资相比,房价更加稳固,更少风险。

与公司收益相比,租金(收益)波动更小。

此外,房价的波动比股票价格波动小得多。

尽管房地产泡沫幻想如此狂热,如此愚蠢,房价波动也很小。

在股市中,当某家公司发布了糟糕的收益消息,或者市场倒闭,股票价格会一夜间骤降20%。

而在房产业,无论是否出现了房地产泡沫,房价都不会下降20%。

这一切都说明了,投资者通常认为,投资房地产比投资股票的收益多几倍。

这意味着,房产业如今具有很大的投资价值。

Now let’s g et back to the earnings side of housing – rent prices. Rents have been relatively flat in recent years, and doomsayers claim that this indicates housing prices must fall. I see it as just the opposite – rent prices will be forced upward, which will lead housing prices to rise even more.现在,让我们回到房地产收益方面的话题---租金。

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